CN113951033A - Method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment - Google Patents
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment comprises the following steps: s1, leveling the land; s2, seedling raising and seedling selecting; s3, selecting and transplanting seedlings; s4, field management; s5, managing the fruit setting period; s6, picking and storing after the fruits are ripe. Through leveling the soil and ploughing, make the durian grow seedlings and select the seedling can very good growth to take root, make the durian seedling can fully take root contact soil, through carrying out high-quality breeding to the durian seedling, make the durian seedling can have high-quality high yield gene from the source, guarantee that the follow-up growth of durian is cultivated and can be high yield, setting through abundant fertilizer and rotten ripe fertilizer, obtain abundant nutrition when making the durian grow, guarantee that the durian can thrive, guarantee simultaneously that the durian can not be sick because of the plant diseases and insect pests, guarantee the durian high yield, be worth wideling popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment.
Background
Durian is one of common fruits in our lives, the durian is always called as the king of the fruits due to the abundant nutritional value, the durian has strong smell, lovers love the fragrance of the fruits, disgusted people complain the odor of the fruits, the durian belongs to tropical fruits, the growing environment is frostless all the year round, the durian can be planted at the average temperature of more than 22 ℃, and the durian planted in other areas and environments is likely to cause the durian not to fruit.
Because the durian is also an economic crop and is deeply favored by people, when the durian is planted, people want to use various methods for high yield of the durian, and a good method for promoting high yield of the durian is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment, and solves the problem that durian cannot be produced at high yield.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment comprises the following steps:
s1, land leveling
Selecting mountainous or flat land which has sufficient illumination condition and is convenient for drainage, turning the land by using an agricultural machine, wherein the turning depth is 40-45 cm, the turned land should be kept away from rainy days, insolating the soil for 1-2 days after the turning, measuring the pH value of the soil, if the pH value is less than 6, uniformly spreading slaked lime on the soil, and then uniformly tilling the slaked lime and the soil by using a rotary cultivator;
after land is leveled, organic fertilizer is spread inwards, secondary land turning is carried out after uniform spreading, the land turning depth is 40-45 cm, the land is leveled into ridges after land turning, the interval between every two ridges is 3-4 meters, and the depth of furrows is 0.4-0.6 meter;
s2, seedling raising and seedling selection
Selecting durian seedlings with thick and strong roots and stems and between 30 and 40 centimeters, selecting leaf buds on high-yield adult durian trees, grafting the durian trees in a bud grafting mode after cutting, reserving survived grafted seedlings after grafting, removing all buds on durian stocks, and ensuring the normal growth of the grafted buds;
when the durian grafted seedlings grow to the height of 60-80 cm, selecting seedlings with good wound healing and good plant bud growth for transplanting;
s3, selecting and transplanting seedlings
Transplanting the durian seedlings selected from S2 to be transplanted onto the smooth ridges in S1, setting transverse and longitudinal intervals of transplanted plants to be 3-4 m, carrying out fertilization operation during transplanting, carrying out first fertilization after the durian seedlings grow normally and turn green after transplanting for 10-30 days, pouring water-soluble fertilizer at the position 30-50 cm around the roots of the durian seedlings, watering once a month, gradually increasing the watering amount by 5-15%, and stopping watering after 3-6 times;
s4, field management
During the planting period after durian transplanting, weeding is carried out at regular time, any weed appearing on field ridges is removed, fertilization is carried out once at the bottom of each month, the fertilization amount is 30-50 kg per mu, and the fertilization mainly takes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as a main material;
the durian seedlings germinate more during growth, lateral branches are trimmed more carefully during branch trimming, buds and leaves outside the branches are removed in time, an art knife or a sharp blade is used during the removing, the cut surface is guaranteed to be smooth, and antibacterial drugs are smeared after the removing, so that the wound is guaranteed not to be infected;
s5, management of fruit setting period
During the fruit setting period of the durian, attention needs to be paid to pest and disease prevention, control of aphids and gray mold is paid to weekly, during the fruit expansion period, attention needs to be paid to a fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen elements and potassium elements, a decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly used, and meanwhile, 40-60 kilograms of compound fertilizer is sowed in each mu of hole;
s6, picking and storing after the fruits are ripe.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of pig manure, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed cakes, 10-20 parts of egg shells, 30-50 parts of palm leaves and 30-50 parts of weeds;
crushing the organic fertilizer raw materials by using a crusher, stirring, crushing into blocks with the diameter less than 0.5 cm, putting the crushed organic fertilizer raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank for fermentation for 8-15 days, taking out the fermented product, mixing the fermented product with soil according to the ratio of 1:2, and drying the mixture in the sun, wherein the water content is 45-65%, so as to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer in S3 mainly comprises urea, monopotassium phosphate, humic acid, trace elements, and urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: humic acid: the mass ratio of the trace elements is 1:0.8:0.2:0.09-0.1, and the fertilizer is mixed in water at a ratio of 1:10-30 to be used as a water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer in S5 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of soybean meal, 200-260 parts of cow dung and 20-30 parts of plant ash, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the soybean meal, the cow dung and the plant ash, fermenting at normal temperature for 2-3 months, and drying in the sun to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment. The following beneficial effects are achieved;
according to the invention, the soil is leveled and tilled, the seedlings of durian seedlings can grow well and root, the durian seedlings can fully root and contact with the soil, the durian seedlings are bred in a high-quality manner, the durian seedlings can have high-quality and high-yield genes from the source, the subsequent growth and cultivation of durian can be guaranteed to be high in yield, the durian trees can obtain sufficient nutrition during growth through the arrangement of rich organic fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer, the durian trees can grow well, the durian trees can fully absorb the nutritional ingredients of the fertilizer through the use of weeding, bud removal and fertilization during the field management of the durian trees, meanwhile, the durian trees can be guaranteed not to be diseased, the high yield of the durian trees is guaranteed, and the method is worthy of vigorous popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, land leveling
Selecting mountainous or flat land which has sufficient illumination condition and is convenient for drainage, turning the land by using an agricultural machine, wherein the turning depth is 40-45 cm, the turning should avoid rainy days, insolating the soil for 1-2 days after the turning, measuring the pH value of the soil, if the pH value is less than 6, uniformly spreading slaked lime on the soil, then uniformly cultivating the slaked lime and the soil by using a rotary cultivator, and the pH value of the soil can directly influence the growth of durian, so the soil is strictly measured before the durian is planted, the lime can avoid the acidity of the soil, and the acid-base balance of the soil is ensured;
after land is leveled, organic fertilizer is spread inwards, secondary land turning is carried out after uniform spreading, the land turning depth is 40-45 cm, the land is leveled into ridges after land turning, the interval between every two ridges is 3-4 m, the furrow depth is 0.4-0.6 m, the arrangement of the ridges can ensure effective drainage of the durian field, meanwhile, the ridges are suitable for durian root planting, the requirements of illumination and various ventilation can be met during durian planting, and the normal growth of the durian is ensured;
s2, seedling raising and seedling selection
Selecting durian seedlings with thick and strong roots and stems and between 30 and 40 centimeters, selecting leaf buds on high-yield adult durian trees, grafting the durian trees in a bud grafting mode after cutting, reserving survived grafted seedlings after grafting, removing all buds on durian stocks, and ensuring the normal growth of the grafted buds;
when the grafted durian seedlings grow to the height of 60-80 cm, seedlings with good wound healing and good plant bud growth are selected for transplanting, the high-quality durian seedlings can have high-quality genes, the high yield and the abundant yield of the durian are ensured, the good growth of the durian can be ensured in a warm and wet environment, the good genes can have very strong disease resistance, and the later-stage pest and disease damage capability of the durian is ensured to be good;
s3, selecting and transplanting seedlings
Transplanting the durian seedlings selected from S2 to be transplanted onto the flattened ridges in S1, setting transverse and longitudinal intervals of transplanted plants to be 3-4 m, carrying out fertilization operation during transplanting, carrying out first fertilization after the durian seedlings grow and turn green normally after transplanting, pouring water-soluble fertilizer at a position 30-50 cm around the roots of the durian seedlings, watering once a month, gradually increasing the watering amount by 5-15%, stopping after 3-6 times of watering, and carrying out multiple fertilization settings to meet the fertilizer requirements of the durian growth;
s4, field management
During the planting period of the transplanted durian, weeding is carried out at regular time, any weed appearing on ridges in the field is removed, fertilization is carried out once at the bottom of each month, the fertilizing amount is 30-50 kg per mu, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is mainly used for fertilization, and the field weeding is carried out well to ensure that the durian nutrient can be fully absorbed;
the durian seedlings germinate more during growth, lateral branches are pruned with more attention during branch pruning, buds and leaves outside the branches are removed in time, an art knife or a sharp blade is used during the clearing, the cut surface is guaranteed to be smooth, antibacterial drugs are smeared after the removal, the wound is guaranteed not to be infected, and the wound is smeared with the drugs to prevent durian diseases and insect pests from eroding the seedlings from the outside;
s5, management of fruit setting period
During the fruit setting period of the durian, attention needs to be paid to pest and disease damage prevention, control over aphids and gray mold is paid to weekly, during the fruit expansion period, attention needs to be paid to a fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen elements and potassium elements, a decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly used, meanwhile, 40-60 kilograms of compound fertilizer is sowed in each mu of hole, and good fertilizer management during the fruit setting period ensures that the durian can normally and efficiently expand, and good economic benefits are ensured for the fruit;
s6, picking and storing after the fruits are ripe.
The organic fertilizer in the S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of pig manure, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed cakes, 10-20 parts of egg shells, 30-50 parts of palm leaves and 30-50 parts of weeds;
the organic fertilizer raw materials are crushed and stirred by a crusher to be crushed into blocks with the diameter less than 0.5 cm, the crushed organic fertilizer raw materials are placed into a sealed fermentation tank to be fermented for 8-15 days, then the fermented materials are taken out, the fermented materials and soil are mixed according to the proportion of 1:2, then the mixture is dried in the sun, the moisture content is 45-65%, the organic fertilizer is obtained, the organic fertilizer can meet the environment-friendly green requirements, the pollution is reduced as much as possible, and the waste utilization is guaranteed.
The water-soluble fertilizer in S3 mainly comprises urea, monopotassium phosphate, humic acid and trace elements, wherein the ratio of urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: humic acid: the mass ratio of the trace elements is 1:0.8:0.2:0.09-0.1, and the fertilizer is mixed in water at a ratio of 1:10-30 to be used as a water-soluble fertilizer.
The decomposed organic fertilizer in the S5 comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of soybean meal, 200-260 parts of cow dung and 20-30 parts of plant ash, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of mixing soybean meal, cow dung and plant ash, fermenting at normal temperature, fermenting for 2-3 months, drying in the sun to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer, leveling and cultivating the land, enabling seedlings of durian seedlings to grow well and root, enabling the durian seedlings to fully root and contact with the soil, performing high-quality breeding on the durian seedlings, enabling the durian seedlings to have high-quality high-yield genes from the source, ensuring high yield of subsequent growth and cultivation of the durian, obtaining sufficient nutrition when the durian trees grow through the arrangement of rich organic fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer, ensuring that the durian trees can thrive, weeding, bud removing and fertilizing when the durian fields are managed, enabling the durian trees to fully absorb the nutritional ingredients of the fertilizer, and meanwhile ensuring that the durian trees cannot be diseased due to plant diseases and insect pests.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, land leveling
Selecting mountainous or flat land which has sufficient illumination condition and is convenient for drainage, turning the land by using an agricultural machine, wherein the turning depth is 40-45 cm, the turned land should be kept away from rainy days, insolating the soil for 1-2 days after the turning, measuring the pH value of the soil, if the pH value is less than 6, uniformly spreading slaked lime on the soil, and then uniformly tilling the slaked lime and the soil by using a rotary cultivator;
after land is leveled, organic fertilizer is spread inwards, secondary land turning is carried out after uniform spreading, the land turning depth is 40-45 cm, the land is leveled into ridges after land turning, the interval between every two ridges is 3-4 meters, and the depth of furrows is 0.4-0.6 meter;
s2, seedling raising and seedling selection
Selecting durian seedlings with thick and strong roots and stems and between 30 and 40 centimeters, selecting leaf buds on high-yield adult durian trees, grafting the durian trees in a bud grafting mode after cutting, reserving survived grafted seedlings after grafting, removing all buds on durian stocks, and ensuring the normal growth of the grafted buds;
when the durian grafted seedlings grow to the height of 60-80 cm, selecting seedlings with good wound healing and good plant bud growth for transplanting;
s3, selecting and transplanting seedlings
Transplanting the durian seedlings selected from S2 to be transplanted onto the smooth ridges in S1, setting transverse and longitudinal intervals of transplanted plants to be 3-4 m, carrying out fertilization operation during transplanting, carrying out first fertilization after the durian seedlings grow normally and turn green after transplanting for 10-30 days, pouring water-soluble fertilizer at the position 30-50 cm around the roots of the durian seedlings, watering once a month, gradually increasing the watering amount by 5-15%, and stopping watering after 3-6 times;
s4, field management
During the planting period after durian transplanting, weeding is carried out at regular time, any weed appearing on field ridges is removed, fertilization is carried out once at the bottom of each month, the fertilization amount is 30-50 kg per mu, and the fertilization mainly takes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as a main material;
the durian seedlings germinate more during growth, lateral branches are trimmed more carefully during branch trimming, buds and leaves outside the branches are removed in time, an art knife or a sharp blade is used during the removing, the cut surface is guaranteed to be smooth, and antibacterial drugs are smeared after the removing, so that the wound is guaranteed not to be infected;
s5, management of fruit setting period
During the fruit setting period of the durian, attention needs to be paid to pest and disease prevention, control of aphids and gray mold is paid to weekly, during the fruit expansion period, attention needs to be paid to a fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen elements and potassium elements, a decomposed organic fertilizer is mainly used, and meanwhile, 40-60 kilograms of compound fertilizer is sowed in each mu of hole;
s6, picking and storing after the fruits are ripe.
2. The method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer in the S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-20 parts of pig manure, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed cakes, 10-20 parts of egg shells, 30-50 parts of palm leaves and 30-50 parts of weeds;
crushing the organic fertilizer raw materials by using a crusher, stirring, crushing into blocks with the diameter less than 0.5 cm, putting the crushed organic fertilizer raw materials into a sealed fermentation tank for fermentation for 8-15 days, taking out the fermented product, mixing the fermented product with soil according to the ratio of 1:2, and drying the mixture in the sun, wherein the water content is 45-65%, so as to obtain the organic fertilizer.
3. The method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water-soluble fertilizer in the S3 mainly comprises urea, monopotassium phosphate, humic acid and trace elements, wherein the urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: humic acid: the mass ratio of the trace elements is 1:0.8:0.2:0.09-0.1, and the fertilizer is mixed in water at a ratio of 1:10-30 to be used as a water-soluble fertilizer.
4. The method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the decomposed organic fertilizer in the S5 comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of soybean meal, 200-260 parts of cow dung and 20-30 parts of plant ash, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the soybean meal, the cow dung and the plant ash, fermenting at normal temperature for 2-3 months, and drying in the sun to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
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| CN202111263332.5A CN113951033A (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Method for promoting high yield of durian in warm and humid environment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114391413A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Rapid cultivation method of durian seedlings |
| CN114557202A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-31 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate |
| CN115777363A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-14 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Rapid propagation, grafting and culture method of durian |
-
2021
- 2021-10-28 CN CN202111263332.5A patent/CN113951033A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114391413A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Rapid cultivation method of durian seedlings |
| CN114557202A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-31 | 保亭智农农业发展有限责任公司 | Durian planting method with high fruit setting rate |
| CN115777363A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-14 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Rapid propagation, grafting and culture method of durian |
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