CN104838858A - Rape stubble soil ploughing-free direct transplanting rice cultivation method - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rape stubble rice field soil ploughing-free and rice mud rice seedling raising and machine transplanting cultivation method. After oilseed rapes are harvested, rape soil is subject to irrigation steeping, rice seedlings are raised with a rice mud seedling raising method, then the seedlings are transplanted through rice transplanters, and chemical weeding is carried out after the rice turns green. The rape stubble soil ploughing-free direct transplanting rice cultivation method includes the steps of soil steeping and base fertilizer application, and specifically includes: even broadcasting of granular compound fertilizers when the not ploughed soil is dry or wet; seedling bed preparation and mud seedling raising; rational close planting and seedling transplanting through transplanters; fertilizer and water management and pest control; weed control, harvester harvesting, etc. The rape stubble soil ploughing-free direct transplanting rice cultivation method has the remarkable advantages of saving labor and cost and being efficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, relate to the cultivation method of the soil cultivation of a kind of rape stubble and Rice Cropping.
Background technology
Rape, paddy rice multiple cropping, have double cropping system and triple-cropping system, namely rape, one season paddy rice yield two crops a year plantation, or rape, early rice, late rice three crops per annual plantation, these are the topmost cropping systems in Yangtze River in China basin areas to the south, are also the maximum crops of cultivated area.70 ~ nineties of 20th century, rape, paddy rice multiple cropping mode be plough a field turn over, artificial breeding is transplanted is master, the labour intensity of plantation is large, and production cost is high, and comparative effectiveness is low.After 21 century, because rural laborer shifts to cities and towns, the rigidity of hand labor cost increases, its cropping system there occurs change, to reduce labor cost, simultaneously due to the raising of mechanization degree, propose multiple cultivation method, as rape changes into no-tillage, direct sowing culture is main, paddy rice changes rotary tillage or shallow plowing into, mould plate seedling raising throwing-seedling cultivation or direct sowing culture is main, labour intensity is alleviated to some extent, but recruitment is many, cost is high, the problem that benefit is low does not still solve completely, particularly crop rotation method aspect, the necessary plantation in time of two season crops, season is particularly thorny, study a kind of method, can reduce labor intensity, season contradiction can be solved again and seem even more important.Direct-seeding only can be used for double cropping system plantation.And what plant after rape harvest at present that double cropping rice or semilate rice all takes is the mode of turning over to soil, needs more labour and time, exacerbate the conflict of time, add cost.Recently, relevant rice planting technology culture technique, rice field exempt from the research and apply such as culture technique of turning over, and the productivity effect of multiple cropping crop is improved.After rape harvest, be timely rice cultivation, can the research of time and labour saving, many scientific workers have done some researchs, achieve some effects.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of rape stubble soil zero is turned over, paddy rice mud seedling transplanted by machine cultivation method, be further developing of no-tillage technology and mechanic rice transplanting, there is significant saving of labor, abridged edition, efficiently feature.
Rape stubble rice field is the soil after rape harvest, in the rice field of rice cultivation of lower season.Rape is dry crop, and paddy rice is water-tolerant crop, needs more moisture.After rape harvest, soil generally need be turned over by rice cultivation, and after turning over, the granular structure of soil changes.The present invention, through experiment, after have studied rape harvest, to the processing method of cane, it is also proposed time of application and the application process of fertilizer.After rape harvest, then not plowed soils, the root system of rape is stored in soil, after root system rots, has many holes, maintains the granular structure of soil, can promote soil aeration, be conducive to the growth of rice root and paddy rice in soil.
Content of the present invention is that rape stubble soil zero is turned over straight cutting rice cultivating method, is that rape stubble soil is without stirring, and immersion of directly pouring water, applying fertilizer, directly plants paddy rice with rice transplanter, then carries out Later Stage of Rice management after rape harvesting.The used Yang Slim that plants is the method using mud seedling, determines that seedling time advance carries out seedling according to the time of planting.Major technique of the present invention is according to being: 1. previous crops rape canopy is large and close, and level of coverage is high, and inhibit rape lower floor weed growth, rape canopy colony is larger, weed community and density and quantity fewer.Like this, to before planting paddy rice immediately after rape harvesting, do not need to use chemical herbicide; 2. the urea that previous crops rape is used with the addition of acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, has the effect of the water conservation that loosens the soil.Rape stubble soil, directly can pour water to soak and go out except a small amount of weeds, and soil is conducive to maintaining granular structure without stirring, and weeds and rape root, stem, leaf etc. are after soil rot, and be conducive to soil permeability and breathe freely, mellow soil layer thickens, and increases soil fertility; 3. rape stubble soil is without turning over, and paddy rice adopts the mud seedling machine transplanting of rice, and shorten agriculture time-consuming, saved manpower, poultry (moving) power, reduce production cost, the effect of increasing income is remarkable.
Rape stubble soil zero is turned over straight cutting rice cultivating method, is after rape harvest, to pour water immersion to cole soil, seedling is carried out by the method for paddy rice mud seedling, then carry out the machine transplanting of rice with rice transplanter, after rice striking root, carry out the integrated of the technology such as chemical weed control, carry out final-period management.Its content is: (1) soil soaks and uses base manure.By rape stem chopping or can pulverize when rape gathers in, spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, or stay low stubble, soil, without turning over, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields granular compound fertilizer, every mu of (667m when arid or moisture state
2) spread fertilizer over the fields granular compound fertilizer 25 ~ 35 kg containing effective ingredient 45% or 25 ~ 30 kg, or 30 ~ 32 kg, or 30 ~ 35kg, its component ratio is, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus (P
2o
5) 15%, potassium (K
2o) 15%, 10 ~ 15 cm that then pour water are dark, soak and naturally fall dry afterwards in 2 ~ 3 days.Like this, fertilizer nutrient is with infiltering under moisture into plough horizon, and rape stem then can part rot naturally.(2) seedling bed prepares and mud seedling.Plant the time according to growth of rape maturation time and paddy rice, determine the seedling time.Soaked rice seedling bed of turning over before the Spring Festival, seedling bed smooth front every mu use 45% composite fertilizer 40 ~ 45 kg, its component ratio is, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus (P
2o
5) 15%, potassium (K
2o) 15%.Seedling bed is split into strip, and on each seedling bed, longitudinal correspondence puts two plastic removal material seedling dishes, and the size of seedling dish is applicable to according to the requirement of Cha Yang machine, and length × wide × height is generally 58 cm × 2.5, cm × 23 cm, also can be the size adapted to rice transplanter.Sow first 1 ~ 2 day by mud sabot, make mud sediment, be convenient to sowing; Stone and the foreign material of seedling ditch mud are removed when sabot.First 15 ~ 20 days of rape harvesting, rice paddy seed is carried out dressing, market has seed coating medicine or capsuled seed, seedling stage diseases and pests can be controlled and promote that the neat seedling of seedling is strengthened.Capsuled seed is soaked 2-3 days, is then rinsed well by seed, vernalization under heat-retaining condition (broken chest), will urge the rice paddy seed seeder of bud or sower or manually sow, the seeding quantity in rice seedling bed be 750 ~ 800 g/m
2, cultivate strong seedling, after emerging, keep the moistening promotion root growth of seedling dish.Need in the seedling of sowing rear arch film covering and heat insulating to late-seaon rice.(3) rational close planting and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot.About 1.5 ~ 1.7 ten thousand caves (25 cm × 17 cm, or 30 cm × 14 cm) planted by every mu, double cropping system semilate rice, every cave 2 ~ 3 seedling; Triple-cropping system early rice plants about 2.4 ~ 2.5 ten thousand caves (25 cm × 11 cm), every cave 4 ~ 5 seedling, and the shallow table soil of rice shoot high-speed transplanter is planted, 15 ~ 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow or leaf age 2.9 ~ 3.3 leaf.(4) rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Machine-transplanted rice keeps ground moistening before turning green, 2 ~ 3 days shallow irrigations after turning green, and use urea 5 ~ 7 kg for every mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg makes tillering fertilizer, combines simultaneously and uses weed killer herbicide management of weeds; When colony's seedling number reaches expection number of productive ear, open field or dry field 7 ~ 10 days, adopt shallow irrigation to flowering stage after rehydration, in heading first 25 days, or fall the 3 leaf phase every mu use urea 6 ~ 8 kg, potassium chloride 5 ~ 7 kg makes ear manuer, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously; Heading Post flowering adopts Dry-wet alternate irrigation, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, within first 7 days, cuts off the water supply in maturation, prepares harvesting paddy rice.(5) weed control.Rice field based on barnyard grass, every mu of use 60% butachlor ec or 60% new Machete missible oil 70 ~ 75 ml, mix wet fine earth 10 kilograms in period of seedling establishment and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, or with 50% Benthiocarb 300 ml, in period of seedling establishment, 30 kilograms, water is sprayed; Raw rice field is mixed with barnyard grass, nutgrass flatsedge and broadleaved herb, every mu of use 35% benzyl chloride wetting powder 25 ~ 30 grams, 30 kilograms, water was evenly sprayed in 2 ~ 3 days after period of seedling establishment, or with 50% standing grain benzyl wetting powder 130 ~ 150 kilograms, in period of seedling establishment, (6) mechanical harvesting is sprayed to 30 kilograms, water.Adopt the low stake of rice harvester (≤30 cm) to gather in paddy, during harvesting, straw is pulverized, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in rice field.
Rape stubble soil zero is turned over straight cutting rice cultivating method, it can also be following methods, the i.e. arrangement in rape stubble field, after rape harvest, stem is processed, in soil surface fertilising, its fertilizing amount presses 70% disposable employed composite fertilizer of paddy rice fertilizer throughout one's life, with the 10 ~ 15cm that pours water, naturally fall dry, fertilizer infiltrates soil; The process of seedling, carry out seedling according to the requirement of rice transplanter and the suitable of season, seedling is suitable for the machine transplanting of rice; Carry out rice transplanting with rice transplanter, density is determined according to the requirement of kind and shortening; Rich water and final-period management, mainly comprise using and topdress, weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, overboard dry field, covers the processes such as water.
The present invention can save farming cost effectively, saves time, reduces labor intensity, simultaneously also can the structure of soil protection, promotes that soil aeration, particularly root system are after rotting, and can form many holes, can promote the growth of rice root.
Embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, and embodiment of the present invention does not only limit the present invention for illustration of the present invention:
embodiment 1:within 2014, oil, rice, rice triple-cropping system entire mechanization production test are carried out in villager group of Divine Land village of decorated archway township of Anren County the 9th, the urea that previous crops rape is used with the addition of acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, rape harvesting after carried out zero turn over 90 mu, straight cutting early rice (667m2) demonstration.After the harvesting of previous crops rape, by stalk disintegrating, spread fertilizer over the fields in without the soil surface turned over, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 45% granular compound fertilizer 30 kg, 10 cm that pour water soak 2 days deeply.Morning 39 in early-paddy brown rice, April 7 was sowed, and mud arch film insulation seedling, applied the rice transplanting of foreign horse board high-speed transplanter, plant about 2.43 ten thousand caves (25 cm × 11 cm), every cave 4 ~ 5 seedling, leaf age 2.9 ~ 3.1 leaf for every mu on May 3 ~ 5.Keep ground moistening to period of seedling establishment (May 7 ~ 9) after rice transplanting, turn green latter 2 days shallow irrigations, use urea 5 kg for every mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg makes tillering fertilizer, every mu of use 60% butylamine missible oil is mixed wet fine earth 10 kg and is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, and anti-is main weeds divided by barnyard grass; Started May 20 continuous open field after 7 days rehydration about 10 cm dark, May 27 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 100 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 100 milliliters, 25% pymetrozine 30 g, damage by disease and insect such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid is sprayed to water 50 kg; Use urea 6 kg May 28 every mu, potassium chloride 5 kg makes ear manuer.Heading Post flowering adopts intermittent irrigation, June 25 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 110 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 110 milliliters, 20% Buprofezin, 30 gram of 30 g, water 50 kg is sprayed, prevents and treats the damage by disease and insect such as banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid.July 17, field was examined in draining, adopted green unrestrained rice harvester low stake harvesting on July 23, average yield per mu 542.3 kg, and turn over than local traditional planting technology every mu saving and whole take 95 yuan, increase paddy 20.5 kg, abridged edition increases income 150.3 yuan.
embodiment 2:within 2015, oil, rice, rice triple-cropping system entire mechanization production test are carried out in villager group of Yongxing village the 3rd, Yongan town, Liuyang City, the urea that previous crops rape is used with the addition of acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, has carried out zero and turn over machine transplanting of rice early rice 75 mu of (667 m after rape harvesting
2) demonstration.After the harvesting of previous crops rape, by stalk disintegrating, spread fertilizer over the fields in without the soil surface turned over, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 45% granular compound fertilizer 35kg, 10 cm that pour water soak 2 days deeply.In early-paddy brown rice good early 17, April 10 was sowed, mud arch film insulation seedling, the rice transplanting of application on May 6 ~ 7 green unrestrained board high-speed transplanter, every mu plant about 2.43 ten thousand caves about (25 cm × 11 cm), every cave 4 ~ 5 seedling, about leaf age 3.1 ~ 3.3 leaf.Keep ground moistening to period of seedling establishment (May 9 ~ 11) after rice transplanting, turn green latter 2 days shallow irrigations, use urea 5 kg for every mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg makes tillering fertilizer, every mu of use 60% butylamine missible oil prevents that divided by barnyard grass be main weeds, mixes wet fine earth 10 kg and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields; Started May 23 continuous open field after 8 days rehydration about 15 cm dark, May 30 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 100 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 100 milliliters, 25% pymetrozine 30 g, damage by disease and insect such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid is sprayed to water 50 kg; Use urea 6 kg May 28 every mu, potassium chloride 5 kg makes ear manuer.Heading Post flowering adopts intermittent irrigation, June 28 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 110 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 110 milliliters, 20% Buprofezin, 30 gram of 30 g, water 50 kg is sprayed, prevents and treats the damage by disease and insect such as banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid.July 20, field was examined in draining, adopted green unrestrained rice harvester low stake harvesting on July 25, average yield per mu 526.8 kg, and turn over than local traditional planting technology every mu saving and whole take 100 yuan, increase paddy 18.2 kg, abridged edition increases income 149.1 yuan.
embodiment 3:within 2014, oil, rice double cropping system entire mechanization production test are carried out in the institute of agricultural sciences of Liuyang City of Yan Xi township of Liuyang City group, the urea that previous crops rape is used with the addition of acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, has carried out zero and turn over machine transplanting of rice early-rice seedlings 90 mu of (667m after rape harvesting
2) demonstration.After the harvesting of previous crops rape, by stalk disintegrating, spread fertilizer over the fields in without the soil surface turned over, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 45% granular compound fertilizer 40 kg, 10 cm that pour water soak 2 days deeply.Excellent No. 1 of middle rice varieties Y two, May 10 was sowed, the seedling of mud open country, and May 28 ~ 30, application well closed the rice transplanting of board high-speed transplanter, and plant about 1.67 ten thousand caves (25 cm × 16 cm) for every mu, every cave 2 ~ 3 seedling, about leaf age 3.1 ~ 3.3 leaf.Keep ground moistening to period of seedling establishment (June 17 ~ 19) after rice transplanting, turn green latter 2 days shallow irrigations, use urea 6 kg for every mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg makes tillering fertilizer, the main weeds such as barnyard grass prevented and kill off by every mu of use 60% butylamine missible oil, mix wet fine earth 10 kg and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields; Started June 20 continuous open field after 15 days rehydration about 10 cm dark, July 6 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 100 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 100 milliliters, 25% pymetrozine 30 g, damage by disease and insect such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid is sprayed to water 50 kg; Use urea 10 kg July 26 every mu, potassium chloride 10 kg makes ear manuer.August 10 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 100 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 100 milliliters, 25% pymetrozine 30 g, damage by disease and insect such as preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid is sprayed to water 50 kg; Heading Post flowering adopts intermittent irrigation, August 25 every mu of use 5% jinggangmeisu 120 milliliters, 20% Hostathion 110 milliliters, 20% Buprofezin, 35 gram of 30 g, water 50 kg is sprayed, prevents and treats the damage by disease and insect such as banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice fulgorid.Started draining September 20 and examine field, adopted the low stake harvesting of Kubo field rice harvester on September 27, average yield per mu 650.6 kg, turn over than local traditional planting technology every mu saving and whole take 110 yuan, increase paddy 30.7 kg, abridged edition increases income 192.3 yuan.
Claims (3)
1. a rape stubble soil zero is turned over straight cutting rice cultivating method, it is characterized in that: after rape harvest, cole soil is poured water immersion, uses composite fertilizer, carry out seedling by the method for paddy rice mud seedling, then the machine transplanting of rice is carried out with rice transplanter, after rice striking root, carry out the integrated of the technology such as rich water quality management, chemical weed control, its content comprises: (1) soil soaks and uses base manure, when rape gathers in by rape stem chopping or pulverizing, spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, or stay low stubble; Soil, without turning over, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields granular compound fertilizer, every mu of (667m when arid or moisture state
2) spread fertilizer over the fields granular compound fertilizer 25 ~ 35kg containing effective ingredient 45%, its component ratio is, nitrogen 15%, phosphorus (P
2o
5) 15%, potassium (K
2o) 15%, 10 ~ 15 cm that then pour water are dark, soak and naturally fall dry afterwards in 2 ~ 3 days; (2) seedling bed prepares and mud seedling, plants the time according to growth of rape maturation time and paddy rice, determines the seedling time; Soaked rice seedling bed of turning over before the Spring Festival, seedling bed smooth front every mu use 45% composite fertilizer 40 ~ 45 kg; Seedling bed is split into strip, and on each seedling bed, longitudinal correspondence puts two plastic removal material seedling dishes, and the size of seedling dish is applicable to according to the requirement of Cha Yang machine, sows first 1 ~ 2 day by mud sabot; First 15 ~ 20 days of rape harvesting, rice paddy seed is carried out dressing, seed is soaked 2-3 days, then vernalization under heat-retaining condition, will the rice paddy seed seeder of bud or sower urged or manually sow, after emerging, keep the moistening promotion root growth of seedling dish; (3) rational close planting and machine transplanting of rice rice shoot; About 1.5 ~ 1.7 ten thousand caves planted by every mu, double cropping system semilate rice, every cave 2 ~ 3 seedling; Triple-cropping system early rice plants about 2.4 ~ 2.5 ten thousand caves, every cave 4 ~ 5 seedling, 15 ~ 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow or leaf age 2.9 ~ 3.3 leaf; (4) rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, machine-transplanted rice keeps ground moistening before turning green, 2 ~ 3 days shallow irrigations after turning green, and use urea 5 ~ 7 kg for every mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg makes tillering fertilizer, combines simultaneously and uses weed killer herbicide management of weeds; When colony's seedling number reaches expection number of productive ear, open field or dry field 7 ~ 10 days, adopt shallow irrigation to flowering stage after rehydration, in heading first 25 days, or fall the 3 leaf phase every mu use urea 6 ~ 8 kg, potassium chloride 5 ~ 7 kg makes ear manuer, notes the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously; (5) weed control, the rice field based on barnyard grass, every mu of use 60% butylamine missible oil or 60% new Machete missible oil 70 ~ 75 ml, mix wet fine earth 10 kilograms in period of seedling establishment and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, or with 50% Benthiocarb 300 ml, in period of seedling establishment, 30 kilograms, water is sprayed; Raw rice field is mixed with barnyard grass, nutgrass flatsedge and broadleaved herb, every mu of use 35% benzyl chloride wetting powder 25 ~ 30 grams, 30 kilograms, water was evenly sprayed in 2 ~ 3 days after period of seedling establishment, or with 50% standing grain benzyl wetting powder 130 ~ 150 kilograms, in period of seedling establishment, (6) mechanical harvesting is sprayed to 30 kilograms, water.
2. rape stubble soil zero according to claim 1 is turned over straight cutting rice cultivating method, it is characterized in that: described seedling dish length, width and height are 58 cm × 2.5, cm × 23 cm.
3. rape stubble soil zero according to claim 1 is turned over straight cutting rice cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the shallow table soil of rice shoot high-speed transplanter is planted.
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| CN111328658A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for crop rotation of oil rice |
| CN113455160A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-01 | 信阳农林学院 | Astragalus sinicus returning fertilization method and rice planting method |
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| CN113455160A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-01 | 信阳农林学院 | Astragalus sinicus returning fertilization method and rice planting method |
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Application publication date: 20150819 |