CN1545843A - Rape-rice double cropping zero tillage direct-seeding cultivation technique - Google Patents
Rape-rice double cropping zero tillage direct-seeding cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the multiple cropping zero tillage direct seeding cultivation process for the two crops of rape and rice, wherein a crop crown layer blanketing is utilized for weeds growth suppression, the seed clothing sheet is used to control the plant diseases and insect pests, and the integument composite fertilizer is utilized to control the release of the fertilizer nutrient, thus succession of rice and rape is realized.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to two kinds of crop multiple cropping of a kind of paddy rice rape zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology, this technology can be controlled weeds, soil did not turn over, directly sow crop after the bubble profit a kind of cultivation method.
(2) background technology
Paddy rice, rape are the two big important crops of China, and existing crop (paddy rice, rape) cultivation method mainly is plowed soils, seedling raising and transplanting, and in process of production, fertilizer amount is many, and labour intensity is big, the production cost height, and comparative effectiveness is low, and product quality is not good enough.In recent years, the agricultural science and technology worker is through research for many years, proposed plowed soils, broadcast sowing in branchs railway carriage or compartment or method such as direct-sowing dry, and these methods have solved some problems in the production effectively, and the rice field productivity effect is improved.The culture technique of paddy rice is through development, multiple modes such as rice direct-seeding culture technique, non-tillage field culture technique and zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology have progressively been formed, rice direct-seeding comprises water direct seeding and direct-sowing dry, wherein water direct seeding is divided into moistening drilling and water direct seeding dual mode again, water direct seeding is to spray not seeds germinated by power, and moistening drilling is in order to solve seed emerge difficulty, easy problem such as lodging in water.No-tillage cultivation has been widely used in the many crops in the world, existing great deal of experimental that paddy rice is no-tillage, but great majority are with the no-tillage and direct-seeding under wide spectrum, the noresidue weed killer herbicide application conditions, no-tillage have save time, the energy, irrigation, labour's characteristics, the zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology is further developing of no-tillage technology and direct seeding technique, have characteristics such as tangible saving of labor, abridged edition, synergy, carried out a large amount of research both at home and abroad and obtained application widely.
Numerous studies show that, the main purpose of plowed soils is that control weeds and pine are dredged soil, soil for arid consolidation is very important, but then can destroy the structure of soil for long-term moistening turning over the soil well-formed, minimal till, no-tillagely then help keeping its soil structure, this is because the soil environment that farming forms is temporary transient, do not having under the situation of mechanical disturbance, the soil physics environment is also naturally to the situation development that is fit to or hinders plant growth, and about the architectural characteristic of soil the variation tendency and the intensity of soil environment.Minimal till, the increase of no-tillage soil aggregate, show that soil increases for the ability of storage nutrient, the bulk density of soil reduces simultaneously, the growth and decline balance that helps soil moisture and soil air, increase the buffer capacity of soil to ambient water, thermal change, for the vital movement of plant, microorganism creates a pleasant ecological environment, no-tillage toothing has increased the root system of plant residue simultaneously, and soil body configuration is developed towards the natural soil-forming process soil body configuration direction that is fit to local bioclimatic condition direction.The height of soil nutrient is subjected to the influence of no-tillage phase length, crop genetics mode, but long-term crop rotation and the no-tillage soil chemistry process that helps develop to fertility raising direction.The bulk density of soil is the tolerance of soil degree of tightness situation, carries out to minimal till, whether can cause soil compaction and influence plant growth to be the problem of generally being concerned about after no-tillage.Studies show that the rice field minimal tills, no-tillagely do not turn over random soil layer, kept the original state stable state structure of the soil body, increased anti-poor environment, stable and coordinate the ability of soil fertility, to promoting crop early to send out, surely longly having an important function.
The zero-tillage rice field permeability is apparently higher than plowed soils, and redox potential improves, and oxygen content height in the soil a little less than the ferrous reaction, helps improving the root system vigor, mellow soil layer thickens year by year, helps improving soil fertility.
The individual plant standing area is big, root system is energetic, ontogeny is good for live crop (rape, paddy rice), tiller take place early, tiller that (or branch) joint position is low, effective tiller (branch) amortization period early or percentage of earbearing tiller height, effectively many, shortening in the time of infertility, individuality and colony's coordination, utility rate of luminous energy height of fringe (strain) number, help forming high yield.The no-tillage and direct-seeding crop has equally turns over live or turns over and transplant the nourishing and growing of crop, material production and yield heterosis, promptly have tillering node low, enough seedling stage early, many, the well developed root system of effective tiller, root system energetic, colony and characteristics such as individuality coordination, photosynthetic efficiency height, and because of giving stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.
Existing technology all is the live form at a kind of crop, the crop rotation of not considering crop is no-tillage, task of the present invention provides the no-tillage cultivation method of a kind of crop multiple cropping (paddy rice, rape), after preceding crop (rape) results, bubble soil 2～3 days, but soil is not turned over, and does not use chemical herbicide, directly sows a kind of cultivation method of dressing or pelleted seed.Fertilizer can disposable employed coated release-controlled composite fertilizer be shown in soil, also can divide base manure and (seed manure, fetilizer for tillering, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer) gradation application of organic fertilizers and the inorganic fertilizer that topdress.Or behind the preceding crop paddy rice harvesting, soil after 3-5 days bubble profits, not plowed soils, do not use chemical herbicide, directly sow dressing or pelleted seed, fertilizer can be shown in soil by disposable employed coated compound fertilizer, also can divide base manure, (seed manure, cured fertilizer, tongue fertilizer) fertilizer or chemical fertilizer topdresses.
(3) summary of the invention
The theory of institute of the present invention foundation is: 1. utilize crop canopies to cover and suppress weed growth, the canopy of plant growth (or colony) is big more, the competitive advantage of weeds (growth potential) is weak more, promptly under the crop groups of high yield, weeds in field growth difficulty need not used chemical herbicide like this before the succession crop sowing; 2. no-tillage soil helps keeping granular structure, and the residual body of crop root after the corruption, can help vent cap in sealing soil, and water-permeable and air permeable is good, helps the crop root growth, and mellow soil layer thickens, and helps improving and putting forward soil fertility; 3. under the prerequisite that control lodges, live crop early growth and quick tiller in early stage, middle and later periods colony's individuality are coordinated, and photosynthetic capacity is strong, therefore, have more the high potentiality of product than transplanting crop.
The present invention is achieved in that the autumn sowing rape sows in September, and winter growth is grown, and the winter is sent out the bigger base of leaf canopy colony of formation.Such colony, whole sheaf space on the overburden soil table almost, weeds are owing to be grown under the canopy, can not get sufficient illumination and other life condition, be difficult to normal growth, can suppress weed growth after the spring, during growth of rape, the growth of weeds is seldom arranged, bubble moistened 3-5 days in rape harvesting (toothing) back, and plowed soils does not spread fertilizer over the fields coated compound fertilizer in the soil surface after the bubble profit, directly rice paddy seed is sowed at Tu Mianshang, the back field management of emerging is carried out according to general high yield rice field control measures.
After preceding crop (paddy rice) harvesting, bubble profit 2～3 days keeps ground moistening, and coated compound fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, and rape seed directly is seeded in Tu Mianshang, the growth of emerging, and field management is undertaken by rape high-yield field control measures; After the rape results, bubble profit soil 3-5 days, plowed soils does not spread fertilizer over the fields coated compound fertilizer in the soil surface after the bubble profit, directly rice paddy seed is sowed at Tu Mianshang, and the back field management of emerging is carried out later shifting cultivation according to general high yield rice field control measures.Rice paddy seed adopts the seed after coated or the Pelleting granulation, contain compositions such as insecticide, bactericide and microelement additive in seed coating medicine or the pilled agent, make it can control the generation of seedling stage diseases and pests, simultaneously can promote paddy growth, treat to grow to behind the rice seedling 2～3 leaf phase per hectares with 60% butachlor 750-1000 milliliter or 48% Bentazon 3-4 kilogram, water is sprayed for 450 kilograms, control and prevent and kill off barnyard grass grass and broad leaved weed.
The concrete test method that the zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology adopts materialization products such as coating agent for seed, Direct-seeding Rice weed killer herbicide, coating controlled-release fertilizer, foliage fertilizer to match and uses is as follows: wherein rice crop is: 1. previous crops rape branch railway carriage or compartment plantation, wide 1.5～the 2.0m in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 30～40cm; 2. select the High yield combination that plant and leaf shape is good, lodging resistance is stronger for use; 3. sowing time, paddy rice was in 15～May 25 May; 4. seed pelleting, seed pelleting or seed Pelleting are to reduce the sick worm plague of rats and the strong important safeguard measure of Miao Qimiao in seedling stage; 5. after the harvesting of preceding crop rape, pull out the rape straw root and stem of certain plants.When weeds are more or for the first time no-tillage, water in field is drained.Weeds can manually be pulled out more after a little while.If the railway carriage or compartment face is uneven, can irritate shallow water prior to seeding, harrow coarse leveling with T-shaped; 6. disposable employed 35% coated compound fertilizer (N-P before broadcasting
2O
5-K
2O; 16-6-13), (show that 35% content contains N16%, P by weight percentage
2O
56%, K
2O13%, as follows), amount of application is 750 kilograms/hectare, generally should carry out in 1～2 day prior to seeding, and 7. evenly sowing, evenly sowing could evenly be emerged.Seeding quantity and transplanting rice difference are little, and the general cross paddy rice is 20～23 kilograms/hectare and is advisable; 8. keep that after planting the railway carriage or compartment face is anhydrous, to help emerging and root system is pricked down, the railway carriage or compartment face is irritated shallow water during 1.5～2.5 leaves, burns seedling in case fertilizer is met high temperature when decomposing, and accomplishes that the railway carriage or compartment face has water heading stage.Outside all the other period dry field control tillers, adhere to the diligent filling of shallow water, keep the railway carriage or compartment ditch-water continuous, the railway carriage or compartment face is done wet; 9. the weeding of Direct-seeding Rice weed killer herbicide is adopted in the integrated control of the sick Chinese caterpillar fungus plague of rats seedling stage, and promptly 2.5～3.1 leaf phases leaf Weeding water agents filling deep water sprays, and mixes a small amount of fine earth earth shallow water in 3.8～4.1 leaf phases with pulvis and spreads fertilizer over the fields.Cole crop is: 1. select breeding for use.Suit measures to local conditions to select for use that yielding ability is good, strong stress resistance, improved seeds that main inflorescence pod is many; 2. trench digging is put in order the railway carriage or compartment.In time hold successfully after the neat mud harvesting of paddy rice and enclose ditch, waist ditch and furrow ditch, accomplish that the ditch ditch communicates, drought resisting or row steep smoothly, and the field soil of ditch cleaning is lost at railway carriage or compartment face whole broken (carefully); 3. begin sowing in good time.After semilate rice cuts, sowing in the time of should robbing, the assorted oil in late-maturing variety such as Hunan is good with the late September sowing No. 6 in general, in No. 15, ripe conventional variety such as Hunan oil with by the end of September, early October is good, No. 16, precocious conventional variety such as Hunan oil to be to be advisable mid-October, broadcast when not robbing behind the rain or pour water in time to rob after moistening and broadcast; 4. rational close planting.Per hectare is good to broadcast 2.25-2.50 kilogram seed, be by the quantitative seed of furrow, and evenly point (spreading) is broadcast; 3 leaf phases were converted water spray with 5% uniconazole P, in order to cultivating strong sprout; The timely thinning final singling of 5 leaf phases, according to the general sooner or later every square metre of final singling 18-20 strain of breediness and date of seeding for well; 5. apply fertilizers scientifically.Use sufficient base fertilizer, preferably execute 35% coating controlled-release fertilizer (N-P
2O
5-K
2O; 16-6-13) 750 kilograms/hectare, add 15 kilograms of boraxs, disposablely behind rain execute (before and after the sowing all can), farmyard manure can be dressed seed and be spread fertilizer over the fields, and to do to cover seed fertilizer good especially broadcasting the back.Flower bud tongue fertilizer is generally based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and the 5-6 leaf phase sees that seedling uses, and can execute behind rain, also can sprinkle with thin people and animals' liquid dung in conjunction with drought resisting and execute; 6. holding weeding closes.The rape 2-3 leaf phase is manually pulled out big weeds in case of necessity with weed killer herbicide weeding 1 time; 7. combine preventing disease and pest.Seedling stage keypoint control cabbage caterpillar, aphid; Note ditch cleaning row stain after spring, early flowering season, whole florescence per hectare are prevented and treated stalk break with 1000-1500 times of dimethachlon soup 750-900 kilogram spraying.
Coated or the Pelleting granulation of rape seed directly is seeded in stubble soil surface, in seed coating medicine or the pilled agent, contain compositions such as insecticide, bactericide and microelement additive, to prevent and kill off seedling stage diseases and pests and to promote growth, wait to emerge back 2～3 leaf phase per hectares with 12.5% lid grass swell 750 milliliters water sprayed for 450 kilograms.
Seed pelleting or Pelleting granulation, paddy rice adopt Prochloraz, Imidacloprid, uniconazole P, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), etc. trace element and macromolecule compound film former dressing, perhaps add the sepiolite clay granulation with the agent of kind clothing; Rape adopts Imidacloprid, carbendazim, paclobutrazol, boron (B), zinc trace element and macromolecule compound film former dressings such as (Zn), perhaps adds the sepiolite clay granulation with kind of a clothing agent.In plant growth mid-term, use 35% (N-P
2O
5-K
2O; 16-6-13) granular compound fertilizer, the fertilizer dressing is promptly made coating agent, clay mineral and Cosan with macromolecule composite membrane-forming material and is made the nutrient carrier, fertilizer nutrient can slowly be discharged,, can prevent nutrient loss simultaneously to satisfy the needs of middle and later periods growth before paddy rice or the rape.Macromolecule composite membrane-forming material mainly is a kind of, two kinds or the three kinds of composite filmogens that form of mixing in poly-vinyl propionate fat, polyvinyl acetate and the polyvinyl alcohol.
Adopt coated granule composite fertilizer,, reduce fertilizer because the nutrient loss that top application causes improves the fertilizer nutrient availability with control fertilizer nutrient rate of release; Using the selective chemical mixture of herbicides of high-efficiency low-toxicity uses to control the germination and growth of weeds in seedling stage; Select for use lodging resistance strong, the high yield and high quality kind of the ripe phase collocation of succession crop before being fit to breeding time is to prevent to lodge and to avoid crop because the weeds harm that causes of early stage or the body phase of ploughing.
Advantage of the present invention is: the canopy of two batches of crops before and after 1. utilizing, control weeds effectively, reduced environmental pollution; 2. adopt no-tillage and direct-seeding to save manpower, poultry (moving) power, reduced production cost; 3. utilize the multiple cropping of crop continuous cropping, the best cultivation phase of succession crop before helping regulating, the best irrigation productive phase improved crop quality; 4. adopt no-tillage cultivation continuously, help improving the soil physicochemistry characteristic, increase soil fertility.
(4) embodiment:
The embodiment that below provides is further elaborated foregoing invention, does not comprise all modes of summary of the invention.
[embodiment 1] carried out the test of paddy rice (two line system)-rape (No. one, the assorted oil in Hunan)-paddy rice (two line system) zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology in 2002～2003 years in Yan Jia Rong town, Shimen County, 6.6 hectares of demonstrations of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating sheet, at suitable rice growing before the phase, to selected plot, according to certain specification, as the wide 1.5m in railway carriage or compartment, trench digging with the soil surface leveling, soaks into after 3-5 days, draining is flat to the railway carriage or compartment face, and per hectare is used 35% (N-P
2O
5-K
2O; 16-6-13) coated compound fertilizer is 750 kilograms, and soil block is whole thin, in the May 15～20 that is appropriate to of paddy rice rice paddy seed is broadcasted sowing by hand in soil surface.Rice paddy seed adopts the seed after coated or the Pelleting granulation, treats to grow to behind the rice seedling 2～3 leaf phase per hectares with 60% butachlor 750-1000 milliliter or 48% Bentazon 3-4 kilogram, and water is sprayed for 450 kilograms, controls and prevent and kill off barnyard grass grass and broad leaved weed.Planting patterns according to paddy rice is carried out field management, and the test region produces 8.28 tons of per hectare per unit area yields through surveying; After preceding crop (paddy rice) harvesting, toothing 5-10cm, bubble profit 2～3 days, keep ground moistening, glued membrane composite fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, the growth of emerging is broadcasted sowing in soil surface in the rape seed craft of dressing or Pelleting, wait to emerge back 2～3 leaf phase per hectares with 12.5% lid grass swell 750 milliliters water sprayed for 450 kilograms, with management of weeds.Field management is undertaken by rape high-yield field control measures, and the test region produces 1.95 tons of per hectare per unit area yields through surveying.Annual per hectare increases 2250 yuan of economic benefits than the mu that turns over kind of transplanting.
[example 2] is according to the method for the invention described above, carried out the non-ploughing direct-seeding high-yield cultivation research of rape (No. 15, Hunan oil)-paddy rice (Jin You 611, two line system) in 2002～2003 years in Agricultural University Of Hunan experiment base, wherein in no-tillage and direct-seeding paddy rice on May 30, the per hectare per unit area yield reaches 9.5 tons, transplants 0.46 ton of volume increase than turning over; Rape is in no-tillage and direct-seeding on October 15, and per hectare reaches 1.76 tons, transplants 0.18 ton of volume increase than turning over, and two batches of crops are saved 85 yuan/mu of the expenses of arable land altogether, reduce 5.6/mu of recruitments.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of rape-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology utilizes the mode of crop multiple cropping to control weeds, and soil moistens the direct sowing crop of not turning over through bubble, it is characterized in that:
(1) the autumn sowing rape winter is sent out the bigger canopy colony of formation, weed growth after the inhibition spring, gathered in (toothing) back 2～3 days at rape, plowed soils not, coated compound fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil surface after the bubble profit, directly rice paddy seed is sowed at Tu Mianshang, the growth of emerging, field management is carried out according to general high yield rice field control measures;
(2) gathered in the back 2～3 days at preceding crop (paddy rice), coated compound fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil surface after the bubble profit, rape seed directly is seeded in Tu Mianshang, the growth of emerging, field management is undertaken by rape high-yield field control measures;
(3) after the rape results, sow rice paddy seed, later shifting cultivation by (1) described mode.
2, rape according to claim 1-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology is characterized in that rice paddy seed is the seed after kind of clothing agent dressing or Pelleting granulation, makes it can control seedling stage diseases and pests and promotion paddy growth.
3, rape according to claim 1-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology, it is characterized in that growing to behind the rice seedling 2～3 leaf phase per hectares with 60% butachlor 750-1000 milliliter or 48% Bentazon 3-4 kilogram, water is sprayed for 450 kilograms, control and prevent and kill off barnyard grass grass and broad leaved weed.
4, rape according to claim 1-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology, it is characterized in that the coated or Pelleting granulation of rape seed directly is seeded in stubble soil surface, in case remove the rape seedling stage diseases and pests and promote growth, grow to after waiting to emerge 2～3 leaf phase per hectares with 12.5% lid grass swell 750 milliliters water sprayed for 450 kilograms.
5, rape according to claim 1-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology, it is characterized in that: seed elder generation's dressing or Pelleting granulation, the kind clothing agent dressing that paddy rice adopts trace element such as Prochloraz, Imidacloprid, uniconazole P, zinc, copper and macromolecule compound film former to form perhaps adds the sepiolite clay granulation with the agent of kind clothing; The kind clothing agent dressing that rape adopts trace element such as Imidacloprid, carbendazim, paclobutrazol, boron, zinc and macromolecule compound film former to form perhaps adds the sepiolite clay granulation with the agent of kind clothing.
6, rape according to claim 1-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology, it is characterized in that 35% granular compound fertilizer capsule for controlled release fertilizer agent coating, promptly using macromolecule composite membrane-forming material makes coating agent, clay mineral and Cosan and makes the nutrient carrier, fertilizer nutrient can slowly be discharged, to satisfy the needs of middle and later periods growth before paddy rice or the rape, prevent nutrient loss simultaneously.
7, rape according to claim 5-paddy rice multiple cropping zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating technology is characterized in that macromolecule composite membrane-forming material mainly is: a kind of, two kinds or three kinds of composite filmogens that form of mixing in poly-vinyl propionate fat, polyvinyl acetate and the polyvinyl alcohol.
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Cited By (21)
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| CN101088320B (en) * | 2007-06-30 | 2010-10-20 | 邱八连 | Stereo rice field cultivation method |
| CN102197773A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-09-28 | 中国水稻研究所 | Multiple-cropping and no-tillage cultivation method of potato-direct seeding rice |
| CN102860207A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN103355126A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-10-23 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Taicang white garlic-rice double-cropping-system paddy-upland rotation high-yield and efficient planting technology |
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| CN106165585A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The method utilizing charcoal preventing and treating region, Rice-rape rotation farmland phosphorus loss |
| CN106508543A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 沈阳农业大学 | High-yield water-saving cultivation method for rice dry direct seeding |
| CN108029264A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-05-15 | 扬州大学 | LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO complete machine inserts method |
| CN108401817A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-17 | 胡润 | A method of improving no-tillage and direct-seeding rape emergence rate and yield |
| CN109997636A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-12 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice decrement moves back cultural method |
| CN110447486A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 苏州市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method for raising dual-purpose rape suitable for southern area of Jiangsu Province flower |
| CN114521457A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-24 | 济南市农业科学研究院 | Planting method for improving land output value by shed-covering crop rotation of upland rice and oilseed rape |
| CN114711105A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-08 | 西南大学 | High-density rape oil-vegetable dual-purpose no-tillage direct seeding cultivation method |
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2003
- 2003-12-12 CN CNA2003101106452A patent/CN1545843A/en active Pending
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| CN101088320B (en) * | 2007-06-30 | 2010-10-20 | 邱八连 | Stereo rice field cultivation method |
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| CN103355126A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2013-10-23 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Taicang white garlic-rice double-cropping-system paddy-upland rotation high-yield and efficient planting technology |
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