CN106069080A - A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation - Google Patents
A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069080A CN106069080A CN201610476496.9A CN201610476496A CN106069080A CN 106069080 A CN106069080 A CN 106069080A CN 201610476496 A CN201610476496 A CN 201610476496A CN 106069080 A CN106069080 A CN 106069080A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- rhizoma dioscoreae
- dioscoreae esculentae
- oryza sativa
- field
- herbicide
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field, disclose a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, i.e. after sweet potato rewarding, direct sowing of rice is carried out at arid soil, weeding after germination length to 3～5 slice leaf, the method not only improves soil, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae field pest and disease damage significantly reduces, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae quality also improves a lot, and shows not clear sound of yield shadow of Oryza sativa L. and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae simultaneously.Additionally, arid soil carries out live with back of the body formula charging seeder, saves time and cost, as saving 10 yuan/mu are taken than paddy field tractor-ploughing in nonirrigated farmland, nonirrigated farmland fertilising can save for 1/2 time, carried out sowing and fast 3～5 times more uniform than manually sowing on paddy field with seeder on nonirrigated farmland；The method can make Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae field pest and disease damage significantly reduce, and reduces Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and uses the amount of pesticide, can save pesticide cost 30～50 yuan/mu.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, more particularly, to a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultivation side of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation
Method.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae has another name called Ipomoea batatas Lam., Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Ipomoeae, sweet potato, Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi etc., belongs to annual or perennial draft of overgrowing, and property happiness is warm, no
Cold-resistant, more drought-enduring.It is mainly distributed on the south north latitude 40 °.Cultivated area is most with Asia, and taking second place in Africa, America occupies the 3rd.
Within 2008, China's Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae gross area is 476.7 ten thousand hectares, and fresh potato total output is 102,240,000 tons.
The Major Diseases of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae have sweet potato black rot, sweep stem nematode, sweet potato soft rot, potato pestilence, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae shot hole,
Stem rot of sweet potato, sweet potato root knot nematode, sweet potato root rot, Virus Diseases of Sweet Potato and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae purple root rot (Helicobasidium mompa) etc..The Main Harmful of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae
Worm has weevil, Gryllotalpa, chafer, cutworm, palaearctic sweet potato Prodenia litura etc..The preventing and treating of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pest and disease damage, should adhere in case
It it is main, the principle of integrated control.
Oryza sativa L. crop rotation is that rice plants is distinguished according to implantation time in season on same soil with other proportion of crop plantings
Plant different plants；Oryza sativa L. crop rotation can sufficiently utilize water, the change to soil internal structure of the non-irrigated different cultural methods
Reach the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests with the inhibitory action of disease pest, influence each other between the plant of crop rotation meanwhile, finally can reach
The common purpose gathering in the crops two or more plant.Preventing and treating for Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae disease the most all uses chemical agent, these preventing and treating sides
All there is the harm can not ignore in method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is the drawbacks described above overcoming prior art to exist, it is provided that a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and water
The cultural method of the crop rotation of rice.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, comprise the following steps:
(1) in Oryza sativa L. early, evening make sowing time before gather in the crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae in time, clear up the climing and rotten potato of potato；
(2) directly in arid soil, base manure is used sufficient, rotary tillage twice after fertilising；
(3) directly sow by the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO kind amount of 4～5kg/ mus, the most smooth soil of after planting ploughing shallowly, covering seed, wait and planting
Son germinates；
(4) after rice seedlings grows 3～5 leaves, spraying herbicide carries out weeding；Spraying herbicide weeding two days later, dissipates fertilising
Material, then leaching field holding 3～5 days of pouring water；
(5) pour water behind leaching field, observe the prevention effect of weeds, if prevention effect is undesirable, herbicide to be filled spray.Oryza sativa L. enters
After the middle and late growth stage, now field management is carried out by Oryza sativa L. middle and late stage Routine Management, sweet potato planting on demand after results Oryza sativa L..
After rice cultivation, soil soaks for a long time in water, and in soil, structure changes, and some Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pest and disease damages are at water
Middle anoxia cannot be survived and dead, thus pest and disease damage harm is down to minimum level.
The present invention proposes dry seeded rice cultivation technique in Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, is need not to soak at morning, crop corn seed in evening
In the case of kind of accelerating germination live on Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae field.After sweet potato rewarding, clear up the climing and rotten potato of potato, level land with rotary cultivator, sow
With covering seed.
The present invention selects Oryza sativa L. and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae crop rotation, and wherein the direct of seeding method employing of Oryza sativa L. is sowed in nonirrigated farmland, typically
For, the germination percentage of the Oryza sativa L. germination percentage of the nonirrigated farmland sowing Oryza sativa L. not as sowing after accelerating germination is high, but, the present invention is effectively going
On the basis of pest and disease damage, moreover it is possible to ensureing that the yield of Oryza sativa L. and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae is unaffected, its reason is: (1) paddy field is in long-term plantation
Oryza sativa L. can make Soil structure change, and soil easily hardens, and harmful substance accumulation is more, and paddy growth is affected very by these materials
Greatly, the disease pest of hazard rice growth is the most and in the soil of long-term rice cultivation；Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae too, long-term sweet potato planting
Disease pest is the most.By rice field-upland field rotation, paddy field Soil structure after sweet potato planting changes, and the sun irradiation and
Under oxygen effect, most pathogenic bacteria is all killed.The soil of sweet potato planting too, most Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae pathogenic bacteria in water also without
Method is survived, and therefore, rice field-upland field rotation has the effect of mutually protection to Oryza sativa L. and Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae；(2) Oryza sativa L. is different with amount of nutrients needed for Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae,
Two kinds of crops can mutually utilize residue nutrient, thus reaches the effect of volume increase；(3) Oryza sativa L. mu consumption 4～5kg seed, seed thousand
Grain weighs about 20g, has 85% emergence rate after the rice growing of this method, and i.e. effectively strain number (number of productive ear) is 17.0～21.2 ten thousand strains,
And routine to plant number of productive ear be 18～220,000 strains, if every strain tiller 2～3 strain of direct seading rice, effective strain number (number of productive ear)
Substantially exceed routine and plant number of productive ear；General number of productive ear is the standard weighing yield, and therefore the method for this method is to Oryza sativa L.
Yield effect is inconspicuous.
Preferably, the one in cyhalofop-butyl, bispyribac-sodium, pretilachlor, the benzyl dichloro of the herbicide in step (4) or
Multiple.
Specifically, described herbicide is selected from fluorine grass ester and bispyribac-sodium；In step (4), spraying herbicide carries out weeding and is every mu
Spray 100g/L cyhalofop-butyl 100～150ml and active ingredient 10% bispyribac-sodium 20～30g converts 30～45kg water.
It is of course also possible to select to can use the herbicides such as pretilachlor before bud, after rice seedlings grows 3～5 leaves, use benzyl
Dichloro and cyhalofop-butyl weeding.
Preferably, the fertilizer of the BB that base manure is 24-8-22 in step (2) or compound fertilizer.
Preferably, fertile or compound fertilizer the dose of described BB is 25kg/ mu.
The present invention use when direct seading rice arid soil in the back of the body formula charging seeder carry out live, save the time and
Cost, as saving 10 yuan/mu are taken than paddy field tractor-ploughing in nonirrigated farmland, nonirrigated farmland fertilising can be saved for 1/2 time, be carried out with seeder on nonirrigated farmland
Sow more uniform than manually sowing on paddy field and fast 3～5 times；The method can make Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae field pest and disease damage significantly reduce, and reduces sweet
Potato uses the amount of pesticide, can save pesticide cost 30～50 yuan/mu.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that
The present invention provides a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, i.e. after sweet potato rewarding, carries out Oryza sativa L. during soil drought
Live, after germination, grow to 3～5 leaf weedings.This rice field-upland field rotation method can sufficiently utilize the different cultivations of water, drought
Culture method reaches the effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests to the change of soil internal structure and the inhibitory action of disease pest, improves Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae product.
Use rice cropping yield that this technology carries out up to 350～450kg/ mu, compared with original cultural method, yield indifference.Separately
Outward, carrying out live, save time and cost in arid soil, as saving 10 yuan/mu are taken than paddy field tractor-ploughing in nonirrigated farmland, apply fertilizer in nonirrigated farmland
Can save for 1/2 time, on nonirrigated farmland, carry out sowing and fast 3～5 more uniform than manually sowing on paddy field with back of the body formula charging seeder
Times；The planting type of the rice field-upland field rotation carried out can make Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae field pest and disease damage significantly reduce, and reduces Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and uses the amount of pesticide, can
Save pesticide cost 30～50 yuan/mu.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate present disclosure below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but should not be construed as the limit to the present invention
System.In the case of present invention spirit and essence, the amendment that the inventive method, step, condition are made or replacement, all belong to
In the scope of the present invention.Unless otherwise noted, experimental technique used in embodiment is well known to the skilled person
Conventional method and technology, reagent or material are and are obtained by commercial sources.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, comprise the following steps:
(1) in Oryza sativa L. early, gathered in the crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae in time before sowing time in evening, the climing and rotten potato of potato is cleared up.
(2) directly in arid soil, base manure is used sufficient, the BB fertilizer bulk blended fertilizer of the optional 24-8-22 of base manure or compound fertilizer, execute
Fertile amount is 25kg/ mu, with rotary cultivator farming twice after fertilising.
(3) rice paddy seed of suitable local plantation is selected, uniform by the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO kind back of the body formula charging seeder of 4kg/ mu
Sowing, ploughs shallowly the most smooth soil with rotary cultivator the most again and covers seed, waiting germination growth afterwards.
(4) after rice seedlings grows 3～5 leaves, every mu can be selected for active ingredient 100g/L cyhalofop-butyl 100ml with effective
Composition 10% bispyribac-sodium 20～30g converts the 30～45kg water anti-grass of even spraying weeding.
(5) spray herbicide the most first dissipates BB fertilizer bulk blended fertilizer or the compound fertilizer executing 24-8-22, and dose is 10kg/ mu,
Pour water again and soak field holding 3 days.
(6) pour water behind leaching field, observe the prevention effect of weeds, if prevention effect is undesirable, herbicide to be filled spray.Oryza sativa L.
After entering the middle and late growth stage, now field management is carried out by Oryza sativa L. middle and late stage Routine Management, can need by producing after results Oryza sativa L.
Want sweet potato planting.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, comprise the following steps:
(1) in Oryza sativa L. early, evening make sowing time before gather in the crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae in time, clear up the climing and rotten potato of potato.
(2) directly in arid soil, base manure is used sufficient, the BB fertilizer bulk blended fertilizer of the optional 24-8-22 of base manure or compound fertilizer, execute
Fertile amount is 25kg/ mu, with rotary cultivator farming twice after fertilising.
(3) rice paddy seed of suitable local plantation is selected, uniform by the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO kind back of the body formula charging seeder of 5kg/ mu
Sowing, ploughs shallowly the most smooth soil with rotary cultivator the most again and covers seed, waiting germination growth afterwards.
(4) after rice seedlings grows 3～5 leaves, every mu can be selected for active ingredient 100g/L cyhalofop-butyl 150ml with effective
Composition 10% bispyribac-sodium 20～30g converts the 30～45kg water anti-grass of even spraying weeding.
(5) spray grass the most first dissipates that to execute the BB of Bulk Blending Fertilizer 24-8-22 fertile, and dose is that 10kg/ mu leaching field of pouring water again keeps 5
My god, or select other compound fertilizer.
(6) pouring water behind leaching field, after Oryza sativa L. enters the middle and late growth stage, Oryza sativa L. middle and late stage Routine Management is pressed in now field management
Carry out, after results Oryza sativa L., sweet potato planting can be needed by production.
Comparative example 1
Implantation methods with embodiment 1 and 2, unique unlike, in step (4), when rice seedlings grows 2 leaves, then carry out
Weeding, itself found that: Oryza sativa L. grows 2 leaves with regard to direct spray herbicide, serious to rice seedling poisoning.
Claims (5)
1. a Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and the cultural method of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) in Oryza sativa L. early, evening make sowing time before gather in the crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae in time, clear up the climing and rotten potato of potato；
(2) directly in arid soil, base manure is used sufficient, rotary tillage twice after fertilising；
(3) directly sow by the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO kind amount of 4～5kg/ mus, the most smooth soil of after planting ploughing shallowly, covering seed, wait and planting
Son germinates；
(4) after rice seedlings grows 3～5 leaves, spraying herbicide carries out weeding；Spraying herbicide weeding two days later, dissipates fertilising
Material, then leaching field holding 3～5 days of pouring water；
(5) pour water behind leaching field, observe the prevention effect of weeds, if prevention effect is undesirable, herbicide to be filled spray；Oryza sativa L. enters
After the middle and late growth stage, now field management is carried out by Oryza sativa L. middle and late stage Routine Management, sweet potato planting on demand after results Oryza sativa L..
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the herbicide in step (4) is selected from cyhalofop-butyl, double grass
One or more in ether, pretilachlor, benzyl dichloro.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described herbicide is selected from fluorine grass ester and bispyribac-sodium；Step (4)
Middle spraying herbicide carry out weeding be every mu spray 100g/L cyhalofop-butyl 100～150ml and active ingredient 10% bispyribac-sodium 20～
30g converts 30～45kg water.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the BB that base manure is 24-8-22 in step (2) is fertile or multiple
Hefei.
Method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that fertile or compound fertilizer the dose of described BB is 25kg/ mu.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107439217A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-08 | 临沂市农业科学院 | A kind of fruit type sweet potato method for non-polluted cultivation |
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| CN107439217A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-08 | 临沂市农业科学院 | A kind of fruit type sweet potato method for non-polluted cultivation |
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Application publication date: 20161109 |