CN104145618B - Rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning is adopted to save the fertile method improving double cropping rice output - Google Patents
Rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning is adopted to save the fertile method improving double cropping rice output Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses and belong to a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning of adopting that agricultural production saves fertile high-yield culture technique field and save the fertile method improving double cropping rice output.Be early rice growing period specifically, adopt the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch to turn over also field Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, late rice growing period, adopt early rice straw-returning Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, realize the target at double cropping rice whole production cycle introspection nitrogen, high yield.The problems such as the Winter paddy field enlarged areas that the present invention faces in solution south China paddy field cultivation system, the paddyfield soil quality declines, Rice Production Ecological Cost increases, utilization rate of fertilizer is on the low side, a kind of increase double cropping rice output, reduce chemical fertilizer drop into, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and provide a kind of high yield, economize nitrogen, reduce N
2the culture technique of O discharge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural production and save fertile high-yield culture technique field.The fertile method improving double cropping rice output is saved in particular to a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning of adopting, early rice growing period specifically, the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch is adopted to turn over also field Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, late rice growing period, adopt early rice straw-returning Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, realize at double cropping rice whole production cycle internal segment nitrogen, reduce N
2the target discharge of O high yield, improves the target of output.
Background technology
Along with the raising of intensive agriculture degree, using in farmland chemical fertilizer amount constantly increases, and organic manure application rate reduces rapidly.Using chemical fertilizer in a large number causes soil compaction for a long time, and granular structure is deteriorated, and fertility declines, physicochemical character deterioration.Current China stalk resource reasonable utilization rate is low, only has 20% ~ 36% to be used as feed and fertilizer, and burning and discarded stalk are up to 45% ~ 60%.Crops straw burns that phenomenon is serious, this not only wastes organic fertilizer resource, also severe contamination environment.As organic fertilizer resource, rice straw accounts for 26.3% of China's crops straw resource, is rich in N P and K and micronutrient.Research shows, straw-returning not only can alleviate China's soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium contradiction out of proportion, makes up phosphorus potassium fertilizer not enough, to raising nitrogen utilization efficiency, promotes that agricultural sustainable development also has very important significance.
Chinese milk vetch (AstragalussinicusL.) belongs to pulse family Astragalus and gets over year raw herbaceous plant, Symbiotic association can be formed, being paddy fields in south china green cover crop in important winter, in the once spread plantation of southern rice workspace, is one of important green manure crop of China.Chinese milk vetch is by the various nutrient elements such as phosphorus, potassium in nitrogen in fixed air and soil, and turn over also field at Post flowering, Straw decomposing Releasing nutrient, can increase soil fertility, and provides nutrition for paddy growth.Chinese milk vetch, straw-returning to the contradiction alleviating China's nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio imbalance, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency especially, make up phosphorus potassium fertilizer not enough, reduce N
2o discharges, and promotes agricultural sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning of adopting and save the fertile method improving double cropping rice output, reduce N
2o discharges, and it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) sow Chinese milk vetch winter, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land
1.1 Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds pre-treatments, presoaking and germinating after basking seeds
Astragali pulse family Astragalus gets over year raw herbaceous plant, can form Symbiotic association, is paddy fields in south china green cover crop in important winter, is one of important green manure crop of China; Chinese milk vetch variety adoption kipeming high yield, " fertile No. 3 of Hunan " that growth potential is strong.Select the fine date, by the seed airing 1-2 days of fertile for Hunan No. 3 Chinese milk vetchs; Seed not directly teds and basks seeds on concrete floor by hot weather, prevents the too high embryo of burning of temperature, affects germination rate; To make thinner when basking seeds, duty is turned over, shine, ensure seed light, be heated evenly; Bask seeds and carried out selected to seed afterwards, removed foreign material and hypogenetic seed.
1.2 seeds and sowing time are selected
Sowing time is selected, first 10 days of late rice harvesting, to be evenly sprinkling upon in rice field by seed, and when ensureing to sow, seed is all scattering into mud face, improves emergence rate; Timely harvesting late rice, ensures that Chinese milk vetch illumination in seedling stage is sufficient, impels that seedling is complete, Miao Zhuan, improves Seedling Quality; Clear up ditch before surviving the winter, to ensure face, field not ponding, the beginning of spring in next year application of phosphoric acid calcium, to reaching " with phosphorus nitrogen pick-up " effect, not nitrogen fertilizer application in the season of growth;
1.3 Chinese milk vetchs turn over period and meticulous wholely
Chinese milk vetch turns over also field and is arranged in mid-April period, now Chinese milk vetch is in the full-bloom stage the most prosperous, biological yield is the highest of nourishing and growing, in conjunction with ploughing, Chinese milk vetch is ploughed under soil layer, Chinese milk vetch also field amount is set to 30000kg/ha (T1: substitute 60% urea nitrogen), 22500kg/ha (T2: substitute the urea nitrogen of 45%), 15000kg/ha (T3: substitute the urea nitrogen of 30%), 0kg/ha (CK: all use urea nitrogen) four levels.Turning over the degree of depth rests within the scope of topsoil, requires that pressure is tight, compacting, imporosity closely sealed with soil.Plough rear upper water in time, keep water layer 20 days, to accelerate the decomposition of Chinese milk vetch.
(2) early rice nursery and transplanting
2.1 double cropping rice kinds are selected: early-paddy brown rice select three be in ripe hybridization early Xian combination T two excellent 705, general performance yielding ability, yield stability are better; Varieties In Late Rice selects three to be Fine-quality Late Indica Hybrid Rice combination " Yue You 9113 ";
2.2 paddy rice adopt plastic floppy disk nursery bowl seeding, bring out rice shoot and take rice transplantation by hand method, the rectangle distance between rows and hills (20cm × 30cm) such as not, this density manner not only can reach higher level of density, line-spacing is large simultaneously, is convenient to ventilation and penetrating light and field operation;
2.3 rice transplanting standard-requireds: Chinese milk vetch turns over after rear suitable soaked field macerates ripe 20 days, then plow harrow makes rice transplanting after land smoothing; Use base manure in conjunction with arable land, will sun the earth which has been ploughed up after large Tagayasu Den, meticulous during rice transplanting, requirement is planted shallow, even, straight wholely, is planting on shallow basis, is trying hard to be cultivation even, is conducive to promoting that whole machine balancing grows, plants and be directly conducive to field management; Transplanting requires that face, field is smooth, water depth 5-7 centimetre, suitably strengthens ability of taking precautions against drought, and is not subject to drought impact when guaranteeing ear differentiation;
2.4 early rice management, under the background that amount of nitrogen is consistent, wherein 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer disposable employed as base manure, 30% urea is used as to topdress in tillering regularity; Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 200kg/ha (CO (NH2) 2), and phosphorus K Amounts is respectively 85kg/ha (P2O5) and 100kg/ha (K2O);
With wild old brand weed killer herbicide weed eradication after rice transplanting, growth period duration of rice internal spraying 4 pesticide control diseases and insect pest; Local waterflooding-dry field-alternation of wetting and drying mode is taked in paddy field moisture management, is specially tillering stage, deep water management in booting stage, and the pustulation period, shallow water in the maturing stage, keeps Dressing Moist Rice Field, gather in the crops and last week start draining;
2.5 early rice results: select fine day to gather in the crops after ripe, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in water affect rice matter;
(3) early rice straw-returning
The stalk stayed after grain header harvesting is retained in field after front stubble results, require that stalk can evenly be filled with face, field, if stalk skewness after harvester operation, can suitable paving be assisted even by manpower again, early rice crop-residue incorporation is set to 2000kg/ha, substitutes the urea nitrogen of 15-20%.
(4) late rice is transplanted and management, consistent with early rice field management; Late rice should prevent and treat two generation snout moth's larva, three generations snout moth's larva, banded sclerotial blight, rice warm disease;
(5) late rice results, after ripe, fine day results, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in water affect rice matter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and solve the Winter paddy field enlarged areas faced as system south China rice, the problem such as the paddyfield soil quality declines, Rice Production Ecological Cost increases, utilization rate of fertilizer is on the low side, is improve double cropping rice output, reduce chemical fertilizer and drop into the culture technique providing a kind of high yield, economize nitrogen.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning of adopting and saves the fertile method improving double cropping rice output, is further described the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.According to different Chinese milk vetchs also field amount test with the technical scheme of early rice returning total stalks into fields, its result is as shown in table 1-table 3 below.
Embodiment 1
Chinese milk vetch also field amount is 30000kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, under equal nitrogen input condition, compared with conventional fertilizer application measure, nitrogenous fertilizer drops into minimizing 38.2%, and early rice grain yield improves 6.64%, the formation of late rice grain yield is not made significant difference, improves double cropping rice seed and always produce 1.09%.Illustrate that Chinese milk vetch is also measured as 30000kg/hm in field
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields comparatively conventional fertilizer application, reach and save while urea drops into, late rice yield does not significantly reduce and the effect that all improves of early rice output and double cropping rice gross yield.
Embodiment 2
Chinese milk vetch also field amount is 22500kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, under equal nitrogen input condition, compared with conventional fertilizer application measure, nitrogenous fertilizer drops into minimizing 32.5%, and early rice grain yield improves 9.90%, and late rice grain yield improves 7.78%, improves double cropping rice seed and always produces 5.74%.Illustrate that Chinese milk vetch is also measured as 22500kg/hm in field
2, the comparatively conventional fertilizer application significantly underproduction of late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, reaches and saves while urea drops into, early, late rice season output and the effect that all improves of double cropping rice gross yield.
Embodiment 3
Chinese milk vetch also field amount is 15000kg/hm
2, late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, under equal nitrogen input condition, compared with conventional fertilizer application measure, nitrogenous fertilizer drops into minimizing 24.5%, and early rice grain yield improves 11.55%, and late rice grain yield improves 1.41%, improves double cropping rice seed and always produces 5.27%.Illustrate that Chinese milk vetch is also measured as 15000kg/hm in field
2, the comparatively conventional fertilizer application significantly underproduction of late rice season early rice returning total stalks into fields, reaches and saves while nitrogenous fertilizer drops into, early, late rice season output and the effect that all improves of double cropping rice gross yield.
Table 1. tests process and fertilizer applications
The different Chinese milk vetch of table 2., early rice crop-residue incorporation are on the impact of double cropping rice output
The different Chinese milk vetch of table 3., early rice crop-residue incorporation are to double-ridged horn N
2o adds up the impact of discharge capacity
Claims (2)
1. one kind adopts rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning to save the fertile method improving double cropping rice output, it is characterized in that, the method is early rice growing period, the fresh grass of Chinese milk vetch is adopted to turn over also field Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, late rice growing period, adopt early rice straw-returning Substitute For Partial nitrogenous fertilizer, realize, in the target of double cropping rice whole production cycle introspection nitrogen high yield, comprising the steps:
(1) sow Chinese milk vetch winter, combine the use of land with the nurturing of land
1.1 Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds pre-treatments, presoaking and germinating after basking seeds
Chinese milk vetch variety adoption kipeming high yield, " fertile No. 3 of Hunan " that growth potential is strong; Select the fine date, by the seed airing 1-2 days of fertile for Hunan No. 3 Chinese milk vetchs; Seed not directly teds and basks seeds on concrete floor by hot weather, prevents the too high embryo of burning of temperature, affects germination rate; To make thinner when basking seeds, duty is turned over, shine, ensure seed light, be heated evenly; Bask seeds and carried out selected to seed afterwards, removed foreign material and hypogenetic seed;
1.2 seeds and sowing time are selected
Sowing time is selected, first 10 days of late rice harvesting, to be evenly sprinkling upon in rice field by seed, and when ensureing to sow, seed is all scattering into mud face, improves emergence rate; Timely harvesting late rice, ensures that Chinese milk vetch illumination in seedling stage is sufficient, impels that seedling is complete, Miao Zhuan, improves Seedling Quality; Clear up ditch before surviving the winter, to ensure face, field not ponding, the beginning of spring in next year application of phosphoric acid calcium, to reaching " with phosphorus nitrogen pick-up " effect, not nitrogen fertilizer application in the season of growth;
1.3 Chinese milk vetchs turn over period and meticulous wholely
Chinese milk vetch turns over also field and is arranged in mid-April period, now Chinese milk vetch is in the full-bloom stage the most prosperous, biological yield is the highest of nourishing and growing, in conjunction with ploughing, Chinese milk vetch is ploughed under soil layer, Chinese milk vetch also field amount is set to four level: T1:30000kg/ha, substitutes 60% urea nitrogen; T2:22500kg/ha, substitutes the urea nitrogen of 45%; T3:15000kg/ha, substitutes the urea nitrogen of 30%; CK:0kg/ha, all uses urea nitrogen; Turning over the degree of depth rests within the scope of topsoil, requires that pressure is tight, compacting, imporosity closely sealed with soil, ploughs rear upper water in time, keeps water layer 20 days, to accelerate the decomposition of Chinese milk vetch;
(2) early rice nursery and transplanting
2.1 double cropping rice kinds are selected: early-paddy brown rice select three be in ripe hybridization early Xian combination T two excellent 705, general performance yielding ability, yield stability are better; Varieties In Late Rice selects three to be Fine-quality Late Indica Hybrid Rice combination " Yue You 9113 ";
2.2 paddy rice adopt plastic floppy disk nursery bowl seeding, bring out rice shoot and take rice transplantation by hand method, rectangle distance between rows and hills: the 20cm × 30cm such as not, this density manner can not only reach higher level of density, line-spacing is large simultaneously, is convenient to ventilation and penetrating light and field operation;
2.3 rice transplanting standard-requireds: Chinese milk vetch turns over rear soaked field and macerates ripe 20 days, then make rice transplanting after land smoothing with plow harrow; Use base manure in conjunction with arable land, will sun the earth which has been ploughed up after large Tagayasu Den, meticulous during rice transplanting, requirement is planted shallow, even, straight wholely, is planting on shallow basis, is trying hard to be cultivation even, is conducive to promoting that whole machine balancing grows, plants and be directly conducive to field management; Transplanting requires that face, field is smooth, water depth 5-7 centimetre, suitably strengthens ability of taking precautions against drought, and is not subject to drought impact when guaranteeing ear differentiation;
2.4 early rice management, under the background that amount of nitrogen is consistent, wherein 70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer disposable employed as base manure, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 30% is used as to topdress in tillering regularity; Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is the CO (NH of 200kg/ha
2)
2, phosphorus K Amounts is respectively the P of 85kg/ha
2o
5with potash fertilizer 100kg/ha;
With wild old brand weed killer herbicide weed eradication after rice transplanting, growth period duration of rice internal spraying 4 pesticide control diseases and insect pest; Local waterflooding-dry field-alternation of wetting and drying mode is taked in paddy field moisture management, is specially tillering stage, deep water management in booting stage, and the pustulation period, shallow water in the maturing stage, keeps Dressing Moist Rice Field, gather in the crops and last week start draining;
2.5 early rice results: select fine day to gather in the crops after ripe, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in water affect rice matter;
(3) early rice straw-returning
The stalk stayed after grain header harvesting is retained in field after front stubble results, requires that stalk can evenly be filled with face, field, if stalk skewness after harvester operation, can suitable paving be assisted even again by manpower, early rice returning total stalks into fields, adds up to 2000kg/ha, substitutes urea nitrogen 15%-20%;
(4) late rice is transplanted and management, consistent with early rice field management; Late rice should prevent and treat two generation snout moth's larva, three generations snout moth's larva, banded sclerotial blight, rice warm disease;
(5) late rice results, after ripe, fine day results, during harvesting, accomplish that field is anhydrous, in order to avoid paddy is immersed in water affect rice matter.
2. adopt rice field Chinese milk vetch and straw-returning to save the fertile method improving double cropping rice output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described Chinese milk vetch amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 37.5kg/ha, and the amplitude that early rice yield increased increases is 6.6%-11.2%.
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