CN106105930A - The rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations - Google Patents
The rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations Download PDFInfo
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- CN106105930A CN106105930A CN201610585627.7A CN201610585627A CN106105930A CN 106105930 A CN106105930 A CN 106105930A CN 201610585627 A CN201610585627 A CN 201610585627A CN 106105930 A CN106105930 A CN 106105930A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses the rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation, including field planting management and disease pest and weed integrated control step after mechanical activation comminution also field Caulis et Folium Oryzae, straw incorporation, straw incorporation.The present invention is by original position total crop return mode, Appropriate application double season early late rice two season straw resource, Caulis et Folium Oryzae recycles on the spot, reduce the amount of labour, avoid environmental pollution and the soil compaction caused because of crop straw burning simultaneously, improve soil, rationally culture fertility, reduce chemical fertilizer and join the amount of executing, improve soil quality, be conducive to the early late rice stable high yield of double seasons.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural production, relate to the rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation.
Background technology
China's agricultural straw resource is the abundantest, and the annual straw producing about 600,000,000 tons, rice straw accounts for total straw
1/3, especially in double rice cropping system.And rice straw is a kind of energy substance containing carbon rich, for important organic fertilizer resource, rich in
The mineral nutrient elements such as substantial amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon.Carry out straw incorporation to keeping and increasing soil fertility, improve soil physical chemistry
The aspects such as character and biological character, raising crop yield, quality and reduction fertilising cost are respectively provided with important function.
Along with the minimizing of rural area casual household cultivation, it is fewer and feweri that abdomen, packing ring also field crossed by Caulis et Folium Oryzae, the substitute is Caulis et Folium Oryzae direct
Burn.Crop straw burning not only causes the wasting of resources, and causes air pollution, environmental disruption, and hardening occurs in soil.The nearest
Nian Lai, China's mechanical harvester process aggravation, provide basis of reality for recycling of Caulis et Folium Oryzae, also grow Caulis et Folium Oryzae simultaneously
The phenomenon of on-site incineration.Thus national government department prohibites crop straw burning, advocate straw incorporation.
Currently, with respect to the high yield cultivating method of Oryza sativa L. under mechanization straw incorporation with one season semilate rice in the majority, and south double season
Rice district paddy growth has bigger difference period with it, and early rice is upper with the Caulis et Folium Oryzae Decomposition Characteristics time under late rice straw incorporation to be existed
Difference.Therefore, Appropriate application double cropping of rice straw resource, carry out double cropping of rice mechanization total straw also field technology mode, it appears
Particularly necessary, it is respectively provided with important reality meaning for promoting that double cropping of rice cleaning produces with rice high yield high benefit installation pattern
Justice.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for south double rice cropping system straw resource irrational utilization and also Caulis et Folium Oryzae decomposition skill behind field thereof
The deficiency of art and relevant fertilising during rear season paddy growth with field management technology, it is provided that after a kind of double season mechanization straw incorporations
Solve the technical problem that needed for the high and stable yields cultivation of Oryza sativa L. cost-saving synergistic: solve the reasonable length of Caulis et Folium Oryzae mincing and returning to the field, early rice rice
After grass total crop return, Caulis et Folium Oryzae decomposition is the slowest, and late rice growth early stage is obstructed, and early late rice fertilizer Reasonable is executed and plan strategies for pattern, and soil is cultivated
Make the problems such as the degree of depth, reach effectively to reduce rice straw burning, Appropriate application straw resource, improve soil, reasonable culture fertility, reduce
The amount of executing joined by chemical fertilizer, it is achieved the purpose of early late rice stable high yield of double seasons.It is that a kind of double cropping of rice cleaning produces cultivation and improves peasant's kind
The rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations of planting paddy rice economic benefit.
The present invention is by adopting the following technical scheme that, to be attained in that
The rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) mechanical activation comminution also field Caulis et Folium Oryzae: gathering in Oryza sativa L. through feed-type harvester after Oryza sativa L. maturation, Caulis et Folium Oryzae toothing 15cm is in field
In, crushed stalk is 5～10cm, field of tiling, and a heatable brick bed shines corruption；
(2) straw incorporation: straw incorporation method is divided into early rice straw incorporation and late rice straw incorporation two according to Caulis et Folium Oryzae kind
Kind；Early rice straw incorporation concretely comprises the following steps: total straw also field after early rice results, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields anaerobic straw decomposing inoculant 2kg,
Pouring water soaked field, the depth of water is advisable just to flood bubble straw, macerates 2～3 days, then turns over, enrich simultaneously ammonium hydrogen carbonate 5～
10kg；Late rice straw incorporation concretely comprises the following steps: during late rice results, total straw also field, and natural a heatable brick bed shines corruption, early rice spring ploughing in next year
Before turn over once；
(3) field planting management after straw incorporation: after straw incorporation, field planting management is divided into early rice according to Caulis et Folium Oryzae kind
After straw incorporation, field planting manages and field planting management after late rice straw incorporation；
After described early rice straw incorporation field planting management particularly as follows: after early rice straw incorporation plantation late rice, employing subtracts
Amount rational application of fertilizers, every mu of dose is: nitrogenous fertilizer 10～12kg, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 5～6kg, and Potassium Fertilizer is 6～8kg；Specifically execute
Fertile method is: nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, as base manure, is used during in conjunction with Soil tillage, and 20% uses as tillering fertilizer, and 30% as ear manuer
Use；Potash fertilizer 50% is used as base manure, and 20% uses as tillering fertilizer, and 30% uses as ear manuer, and phosphate fertilizer makees base manure once
Property applies；After early rice straw incorporation, in water management, implementation in 60%～80%, 2～3 day of Soil conservation saturation moisture capacity
Smooth land for growing field crops, promotes straw decomposition, manually weeds the fields in early tillering stage and Sheng phase, to increase soil permeability, gets rid of Caulis et Folium Oryzae
The harmful gas produced in decay process；
After described late rice straw incorporation, field planting manages particularly as follows: next year plants early rice after late rice straw incorporation, uses
Decrement rational application of fertilizers, shallow water interval is diligent to be filled, and puts field in good time and weeds the fields, and next year, every mu of dose of early rice was: nitrogenous fertilizer 8～10kg, phosphate fertilizer
Consumption is 4～5kg, and Potassium Fertilizer is 4～5kg, and concrete fertilizing method is: nitrogenous fertilizer 50% is as base manure, during in conjunction with Soil tillage
Using, 10% uses as tillering fertilizer, and 40% uses as ear manuer；Potash fertilizer 60%～70% is used as base manure, 30%～
40% uses as ear manuer, and phosphate fertilizer is made base manure and disposably applied.
(4) disease pest and weed integrated control: after straw incorporation plantation, carry out field weeding and disease, pest control.
Further, in described step (3), nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are respectively carbamide, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer；
Further, when turning over during the straw incorporation in described step (1), ploughed depth is maintained at more than 25cm.
Further, field weeding described in described step (4) uses herbicide spraying mode, and herbicide is particularly as follows: early
The herbicide of rice selects N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium, Kirchhoff integral or glyphosate, and late rice herbicide selects N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium, Kirchhoff integral or glyphosate, weeding
The daily consumption of agent amount ratio increases by 5%～10%, and field diseases preventing and treating predominantly prevents and treats rice blast, banded sclerotial blight and sheath maize ear rot, worm
Evil preventing and treating is anti-smelting scotellaris, Liriomyza.
The present invention is main to be provided the benefit that: by rice straw powder during technical solution of the present invention employing double season early late rice mechanical harvesting
Broken, by original position total crop return mode, Appropriate application double season early late rice two season straw resource, Caulis et Folium Oryzae recycles on the spot, reduces
The amount of labour, avoids environmental pollution and the soil compaction caused because of crop straw burning simultaneously, improves soil, reasonable culture fertility, reduces
The amount of executing joined by chemical fertilizer, improves soil quality, is conducive to the early late rice stable high yield of double seasons.
The present invention efficiently solves Caulis et Folium Oryzae decomposition and the problem of paddy growth relation after the early late rice straw incorporation of double rice cropping system,
After avoiding early rice straw incorporation, late rice rice shoot is turned green the phenomenon of Seedling slow, stiff lower season, it is achieved after straw incorporation, Oryza sativa L. is the most raw fast lower season
Sending out, the target such as high matured, high setting percentage, Spike-grain structure coordination, reduce soil nutrient runoff loss, it is high to be that agricultural walks high-quality
Effect, cleaning produce the important foundation work with sustainable development.
Invention also reduces chemical fertilizer put into, the particularly input of nitrogen, potash fertilizer, can farthest play Caulis et Folium Oryzae with
The effect of chemical fertilizer, extends soil fertility fertilizer efficiency, activating soil structure, strengthens Water and fertilizer retention ability of soil, reduce the volatilization of nitrogenous fertilizer
Loss, improves carbon fixation and emission reduction effect.
The present invention is simple to operate, remarkable benefit.The present invention is suitably the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River double cropping of rice including Jiangxi Province
The Oryza sativa L. main producing region large scale application in basin.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1, point selection Jiangxi Province Jinxian County double cropping of rice produces the national level farmland quality monitoring of Yang Xi village, Wen Zhen town, district
Point base, is positioned at 116 ° of 5'29.73 of east longitude ", 28 ° of 20'7.14 of north latitude ".Field physical features is smooth, and ecological condition is good.Soil is
Quaternary Red Clays grows rice soil.Test soil organism 34.16g/kg, full nitrogen 2.271g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 126.0mg/
Kg, available phosphorus (P2O5) 31.34mg/kg, available potassium (K2O) 97.9mg/kg, pH value 5.48.Early late rice is land for examination crop varieties
Two excellent 996 and five Feng You T025, test sets total straw also field and processes (planting as the present invention), Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field and Caulis et Folium Oryzae not
Also field processes, and respectively processes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium application rate equal, and early late rice is executed pure N amount and is respectively 11 kgs/acre, 13 kgs/acre, N:P2O5:
K2O=1:0.45:0.9.The actual dose in total straw also field and Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field is by defeated in deduction Caulis et Folium Oryzae and plant ash
The amount of nutrients entering farmland calculates.Early rice 23-25 in March day is sowed, 27-29 in April day rice transplanting, and planting specification is 4 × 7 cun2, nitrogenous fertilizer
Carbamide base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer applicating ratio are 5:1:4, and potash fertilizer potassium chloride base manure, ear manuer applicating ratio are 7:3, and phosphorus crossed by phosphate fertilizer
The acid whole bottoming of calcium is fertile, uses during in conjunction with Soil tillage；Moisture is irrigated and is used Dry-wet alternate irrigation.The same early rice of remaining control measures
Routine Management.Staying rice stubble 15cm after early rice mechanical harvest, shred 5-10cm, Caulis et Folium Oryzae tiling field, uniformly go back field, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields straw
Stalk decomposing agent 2kg, soaked field of pouring water, enrich ammonium hydrogen carbonate 5～10kg.Late rice 27-30 in June day is sowed, 27-29 in July day rice transplanting, plants
Slotting specification is 4 × 8 cun2, nitrogenous fertilizer carbamide, potash fertilizer potassium chloride base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer applicating ratio be 5:2:3, and phosphorus crossed by phosphate fertilizer
The acid whole bottoming of calcium is fertile, uses during in conjunction with Soil tillage；Moisture is irrigated whole process and is used wetting irrigation for paddy field.Other control measures are with conventional
Management.Stay rice stubble 15cm after late rice mechanical harvest, shred 5-10cm, Caulis et Folium Oryzae tiling field, uniformly go back field, naturally rot, next year
Turn over once before early rice spring ploughing.This test field has had been carried out the Rice Production technology of 6 years double season mechanization straw incorporations
Pattern.
2, test result analysis
2.1 different disposal rice yields compare
The impact (kg/acre) on rice yield of table 1 different disposal
| Process | Early rice | Late rice | Week annual production |
| Total straw also field | 493.3a | 594.5a | 543.9a |
| Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field | 482.9ab | 603.0a | 543.0a |
| Field do not gone back by Caulis et Folium Oryzae | 464.3b | 580.0a | 522.2a |
Note: be illustrated respectively in 5% level difference with lower cases different after column data notable.
Table 1 understands, and it is the highest that total straw also field processes early rice yield, than Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field and Caulis et Folium Oryzae not also field volume increase
2.2-6.2%, late rice is slightly below Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field and processes, but processes yield higher than Caulis et Folium Oryzae not also field.Total straw of the present invention
Also field process early late rice anniversary yield reaches 543.9 kgs/acre, is above Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field and field do not gone back by Caulis et Folium Oryzae.
The impact on Oryza sativa L. economic benefit of 2.2 different disposal
The impact on double cropping of rice economic benefit of table 2 different disposal
As shown in Table 2, the fertilizer cost that total straw of the present invention also field processes is minimum, average 108.7 yuan/mu of early rice, evening
Average 136.7 yuan/mu of rice, all annual 122.7 yuan/mu, the highest is that field do not gone back by Caulis et Folium Oryzae, next to that Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field.Rice
What the grass output value was the highest is total straw of the present invention also field growing area, early, average 1393.9 yuan/mu of the late rice anniversary Oryza glutinosa output value, than
Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field and Caulis et Folium Oryzae not also field increment 0.86-4.62%.From the point of view of net profit, the highest is total straw of the present invention is also
Paddy fields, field, early rice averagely reaches 792.5 yuan/mu, average 1094.3 yuan/mu of late rice, all annual 943.4 yuan/mu.This
Outward, total straw of the present invention also paddy fields, field early rice marginal cost rate of returns puts into 1 yuan of 5.0 yuan of remuneration the most available,
The most available 4.0 yuan of remunerations of late rice 1 yuan, anniversary 1 yuan the most available 4.5 yuan of remunerations, it is the highest.
The impact on paddy soil physical property of 2.3 different disposal
The impact on topsoil physical property of table 3 different disposal
Found out by table 3: it is minimum that total straw of the present invention also field processes the soil weight, early rice soil weight 0.862g/cm3,
Late rice soil weight 0.864g/cm3, anniversary soil weight 0.863g/cm3, the highest is Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field, next to that Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Do not go back field.The soil porosity of total straw also field process simultaneously, aeration porosity and soil moisture content are the highest, obviously higher than
Field do not gone back by Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field and Caulis et Folium Oryzae.
The impact on soil microorganism of 2.4 different disposal
Table 4 different disposal impact (the cfu g on soil microorganism-1)
As seen from Table 4: it is the highest that total straw of the present invention also field processes 3 big quasi-microorganism total amounts in early rice soil, late rice
Minimum, but anniversary soil is the highest, reaches 1.170 × 106cfu·g-1, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field is minimum, only 0.968 ×
106cfu·g-1.Total straw of the present invention also field processes soil fungi, actinomycetic quantity is less than Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field, but antibacterial
Quantity the highest.
The impact on soil enzyme activities of 2.5 different disposal
The impact on soil enzyme activities of table 5 different disposal
As seen from Table 5: total straw of the present invention also field processes soil invertase activity apparently higher than Caulis et Folium Oryzae ashing also field
Do not go back field with Caulis et Folium Oryzae, exceed 0.343-0.385ml g-1·d-1, and urase and catalase activity change slightly below Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Field do not gone back by ashing also field and Caulis et Folium Oryzae.
Embodiment 2
2014-2015 carries out Demonstration And Extension in Xingan County, Jiangxi Province Yihe River Jiang Xiang, Wen Zhen town, Jinxian County, early, late rice demonstration
Popularizing area is respectively 2,500,000 mu, and specific implementation method is substantially with embodiment 1.Early rice sowing on March 20, rice transplanting on April 23,7
Month mechanical harvesting on the 15th, experimental cultivar is in being good early 17.Early rice total straw also field district average product 490 kgs/acre, averagely saves
This potentiation 44.85 yuan.Rice stubble 15cm is stayed after early rice mechanical harvest, mechanical activation comminution 8cm, Caulis et Folium Oryzae tiling field, uniformly also field, every mu
Spread fertilizer over the fields straw decomposing inoculant 2kg, soaked field of pouring water, enrich ammonium hydrogen carbonate 8kg.Late rice sowing on June 25, rice transplanting on July 20, October 25
Day mechanical harvest, experimental cultivar is five Feng You T025.Late rice average product 600 kgs/acre, average cost-saving synergistic 46.6 yuan.Evening
Stay rice stubble 15cm after rice mechanical harvest, shred 8cm, Caulis et Folium Oryzae tiling field, uniformly go back field, naturally rot, before early rice spring ploughing in next year
Turn over once.
Claims (4)
1. the rice cultivating method of double season mechanization straw incorporations, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) mechanical activation comminution also field Caulis et Folium Oryzae: after Oryza sativa L. maturation through feed-type harvester gather in Oryza sativa L., Caulis et Folium Oryzae toothing 15cm Tanaka,
Crushed stalk is 5～10cm, field of tiling, and a heatable brick bed shines corruption；
(2) straw incorporation: straw incorporation method is divided into early rice straw incorporation and late rice straw incorporation two kinds according to Caulis et Folium Oryzae kind；Early
Rice straw incorporation concretely comprises the following steps: total straw also field after early rice results, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields anaerobic straw decomposing inoculant 2kg, pours water
Soaked field, the depth of water is advisable just to flood bubble straw, is macerated 2～3 days, then turn over, enrich ammonium hydrogen carbonate 5～10kg simultaneously；Evening
Rice straw incorporation concretely comprises the following steps: during late rice results, total straw also field, and natural a heatable brick bed shines corruption, turns over next year before early rice spring ploughing
Once；
(3) field planting management after straw incorporation: after straw incorporation, field planting management is divided into early rice Caulis et Folium Oryzae according to Caulis et Folium Oryzae kind
Also behind field, field planting manages and field planting management after late rice straw incorporation；Field planting management after described early rice straw incorporation
Particularly as follows: the late rice of plantation after early rice straw incorporation, using decrement rational application of fertilizers, every mu of dose is: nitrogenous fertilizer 10～12kg, phosphorus
Fertile consumption is 5～6kg, and Potassium Fertilizer is 6～8kg；Concrete fertilizing method is: nitrogenous fertilizer 50% is as base manure, during in conjunction with Soil tillage
Using, 20% uses as tillering fertilizer, and 30% uses as ear manuer；Potash fertilizer 50% is used as base manure, and 20% uses as tillering fertilizer,
30% uses as ear manuer, and phosphate fertilizer is made base manure and disposably applied；After early rice straw incorporation, in water management, Soil conservation is saturated
Smooth land for growing field crops is carried out in 60%～80%, 2～3 day of water-holding capacity, promotes straw decomposition, manually weeds in early tillering stage and Sheng phase
Field, to increase soil permeability, gets rid of the harmful gas produced in Caulis et Folium Oryzae decay process；
After described late rice straw incorporation, field planting manages particularly as follows: next year plants early rice after late rice straw incorporation, uses decrement
Rational application of fertilizers, shallow water interval is diligent to be filled, and puts field in good time and weeds the fields, and next year, every mu of dose of early rice was: nitrogenous fertilizer 8～10kg, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates
Being 4～5kg, Potassium Fertilizer is 4～5kg, and concrete fertilizing method is: nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, as base manure, is used during in conjunction with Soil tillage,
10% uses as tillering fertilizer, and 40% uses as ear manuer；Potash fertilizer 60%～70% is used as base manure, and 30%～40% executes as ear manuer
With, phosphate fertilizer is made base manure and is disposably applied；
(4) disease pest and weed integrated control: after straw incorporation plantation, carry out field weeding and disease, pest control.
The rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (3), nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are respectively carbamide, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium chloride fertilizer；
The rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly field weeding described in (4) uses herbicide spraying mode, and the daily consumption of herbicide amount ratio increases by 5%～10%, herbicide
Particularly as follows: the herbicide of early rice selects N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium, Kirchhoff integral or glyphosate, late rice herbicide selects N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium, Kirchhoff integral or grass
Sweet phosphine.
The rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Ploughed depth when turning over during the straw incorporation in step (1) is maintained at more than 25cm.
The rice cultivating method of a kind of pair of season mechanization straw incorporation the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
In step (4), field diseases preventing and treating predominantly prevents and treats rice blast, banded sclerotial blight and sheath maize ear rot, and pest control is anti-smelting scotellaris, dives
Leaf fly.
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| CN110178671A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-08-30 | 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院（延边特产研究所） | The paddy rice planting method of cool and cold climate rice straw total crop return |
| CN112997823A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cold and cool region rice planting method based on straw total returning condition |
| CN114128433A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-04 | 松原市宁江区农业技术推广中心 | Method for integrating straw total returning and field management |
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| CN114793799A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-29 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Green high-yield cultivation method for double-season super rice |
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