CN109429947A - A kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation methods; including rape season and the sowing of corn season, fertilising and Crop growing stage field management: with 3 years for a cycle; corn and rape are turned over before sowing without full field using few no-tillage cultivation in 3 years；Fertilising uses the light simplified fertilizer practice and straw mulching and returning technology of organic fertilizer combination slow-release compound fertilizer Base-appling once, in the ranks covers rape stalk (30 cm of corn stubble-remaining or so) corn season, in the ranks covers corn stover (rape toothing < 10 cm) rape season；It is every to exchange growing area and spacer region, circulate operation every year；It is every planted 3 years after, carry out primary full field before rape seed and turn over.This method combines local reality, and comprehensive multiple technologies means have both " land used is increased soil fertility ", protect water and soil, reduce fertilizer and pesticide dosage, reduces the amount of labour, many-sided effect such as increasing both production and income.It is particularly suitable to carry out in Guizhou Mountain Rocky Desertification Region.There is significant progress compared to existing rape corn planting method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields more particularly to a kind of stony desertification rape-corn double cropping area protectiveness to plough
Make and gently simplify fertilizer application method.
Background technique
One of the most important natural resources that arable land is depended on for existence as us, quality and quantity is directly related to country
Grain security, ecological environment, economic development and social stability.China carries out stringent Conservation Institutions of Cultivated Land, so that arable land number
Amount kept stable in last decade urbanization, industrialized quick change, but farmland quality is totally relatively low, soil pollution damage
It ruins seriously, seems the arable land protected meticulously, actually already " scarred ", farmland quality problem just becomes cultivated land protection face
The new challenge faced." bulletin about national farmland quality level condition " display of the end of the year 2016 publication, Southwest Region one is to third
Arable land only account for the 21.2% of Southwest Region total cultivated area, four to six etc. account for 52.1%, and seven to ten etc. account for 26.7%, with the whole nation plough
Quality condition is consistent, and Middle and low production cropland accounting is larger.To find out its cause, be on the one hand that benefit imbalance is accounted for due to arable land, on the other hand,
China has a large population and a few land, and long-term high load capacity, high intensity utilize and the high investment of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film with even robbing formula, only uses
It does not support, the human behaviors such as production and living waste discharge have surmounted arable land capacity of self-regulation and compensation range, directly resulted in
Part is ploughed, and physical and chemical natural disposition shape deteriorates, soil fertility decline, pollution aggravates, pest and disease damage increases.Farmland quality degenerate by make arable land can
Producing level reduces, and reducing the influence to socio-economic development and ecological environment than quantity of cultivated land has bigger risk, and
Directly affect productivity of cultivated land.Therefore, the permanent mechanism of soil fertility and agricultural ecological can be improved to promote by establishing one kind
Arable land continuous utilization, is the emphasis and difficult point of cultivated land protection.
Guizhou is national unique Typical Karst mountain farming province without Plain support: soluble carbonate salt rock goes out
Show up long-pending up to 130,000 km2, account for the 73% of the whole province's soil gross area, 91.7% arable land and 94% grain yield all go out own noise made in coughing or vomiting this
The county (city, area) of spy's distribution.At the same time, our province be also be that national stony desertification area is maximum, grade is most neat, degree is most deep and endangers
The most heavy province of evil, stony desertification area is about 3.7 ten thousand km2, account for the 18.79% of the whole province's national territorial area.By environment of karst particularity
Influence, the agroecological environment of our province Karst region is fragile, soil layer is shallow and discontinuous, soil nutrient is low, soil erosion
The problems such as serious, is prominent, in addition since the human factors such as high-intensitive utilization, Steep Slope Reclamation, the deforestation reclamation of wasteland cause soil erosion to add
Play, stony desertification process aggravation, reduces the available cultivated land resource in Karst region (including standby cultivated land resource) constantly, from root
The basis and agricultural sustainable development reserve strength that the Karst region people depend on for existence are threatened in sheet.Conservation tillage, which refers to, to be taken
It lies fallow, is no-tillage, minimal tilling, taking turns the sustainable tillage method such as cultivated, to reduce interference and stress of the mankind to Agricultural land system, and passing through
The process of long-term maintenance management is repaired and is carried out in the measures such as regulation, the maintenance of science to arable land, can effectively prevent water and soil
Be lost, increase soil fertility, saving labour, and simple and convenient and easy to study, strong operability, convenient for promoting, have in Guizhou Rocky Desertification Region
Have broad application prospects.However, the research of Guizhou protective farming technique is started late, by field experiment region limitation,
Time limitation and local production are accustomed to and the factors such as mechanization of agriculture does not match influence, the research of conservation tillage and technology hair
Exhibition is all relatively slower.
Rape-Corn Rotation System is the most wide agricultural planting patterns of Guizhou mountainous area distribution area, is mostly sloping upland, easily sends out
Raw soil erosion, is turned over before primary or corn and rapeseed cultivation are generally turned over before annual rapeseed cultivation, is applied fertilizer with chemistry
Based on fertilizer, every season crop imposes 2 ~ 3 fertilizer, and a large amount of herbicides are applied during crop growth, and some places even apply taboo
Only pesticide paraquat, the corn stover and rape stalk of harvest are largely incinerated.Frequent soil cultivating and unreasonable change
Unique karst landform is added in the fertile applications of pesticide, and soil erosion, soil nutrient decline and pollution of area source etc. is easily caused to ask
Topic highlights, and crop straw burning not only causes the waste of agriculture waste resource, more causes serious air pollution, in addition, ploughing, chasing after
The field management such as fertilizer, spraying pesticide need to expend a large amount of labours, increase production cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivations in order to solve the above problem
Method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1) rape season: it First Year October, carries out full field and turns over；Behind whole good ground, growing area and spacer region are marked in compartment of terrain,
The width of the growing area and spacer region is 40-60cm, carries out rape live streaming using the cultivation of shift type double socket in each growing area,
After the completion of sowing by 30-50kg/ mus dose one-time use 16-8-18 compound fertilizer (chemical nitrogen fertilizer and Phosphorus fertilizer usage compared with
20%) peasant habit reduces, applied earthing after fertilizer；Final singling after rape emergence, every nest stay 1 plant of seedling, do not apply during growth of rape
Fertilizer；
Step 2) corn planting: rape is harvested second year April；After rape harvest, rape stalk is cut by toothing less than 10cm
It shoots a retrievable arrow, the rape stalk whole stalk covering sliced off is in spacer region；Nest cultivated maize, nest spacing 40- are dug between growing area rape stubble May
60cm, first basal dressing before corn seeding, the 16-8-18 for 50-70kg/ mus of the farmyard manure cooperation that dose is 800-1200 kg/ mu
Slow-release compound fertilizer (chemical nitrogen fertilizer and Phosphorus fertilizer usage compared with peasant habit reduce 20%), broadcast again after gently covering one layer of soil on base manure
Corn seed, corn growth no longer top dressing in the process；
Step 3) corn growth stage field management: final singling is carried out in the 3 leaf phase of corn, every nest stays 2 plants of corns；Corn growth process
In, the unrestrained rape seed germination and growth of rape stalk cuts as green manure when rape grows to 30cm or so and shoots a retrievable arrow returning to the field；
Step 4) new 1 year plant: October harvesting corn；After harvest corn, toothing 30cm, which cuts corn stover, to be shooted a retrievable arrow, and by corn
Whole stalk complete is put between corn stubble；Using original seed growing area as the spacer region of plantation in new 1 year, former spacer region is as new 1 year kind
The growing area of plant, then press step 1) to step 4) operation；When October in third year plants rape, then by growing area and spacer region pair
Adjust, then press step 1) to step 4) operation；Growing area and spacer region, circulate operation are so exchanged per average annual；
Step 5) it is every planted 3 years after, carry out primary full field before rape seed and turn over.
Further to improve, the rape variety selects precocious rape variety.
The step 2) in the mode for sowing maize planting is replaced with to the modes of culturing and transplanting seedlings.
Further to improve, the step 1) in the width of growing area and spacer region that divides be 50cm.
Further to improve, the step 1) in the dose of compound fertilizer be 40kg/ mu, selection compound fertilizer are as follows:.
Further to improve, the step 2) in corn nest spacing 50cm.
Further to improve, the step 2) in dose be 1000 kg/ mu 60kg/ mus of farmyard manure cooperation 16-
The slow-release compound fertilizer of 8-18.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
Implantation methods of the invention with 3 years for a cycle, in 3 years corn and rape using few no-tillage cultivation, before sowing not into
It turns in the full field of row；The light simplified fertilizer practice and improving straw mulching that fertilising uses organic fertilizer combination slow-release compound fertilizer Base-appling once are also
Field technology can be achieved that
(1) water and soil is protected, soil fertility is kept.It only ploughs once within every 3 years, is greatly decreased and turns over number, and soil is constantly in plantation
Or improving straw mulching state, soil erosion can be greatly reduced.Growing area is used alternatingly with spacer region, is increased soil fertility using ground and is mutually tied
It closes, effectively keeps soil fertility.
(2) fertilizer, pesticide, human input are reduced, pollution is reduced.Improving straw mulching, returning to the field increase soil nutrient, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property.Rape season, corn stover in the ranks covered, due to corn stover relative difficult decomposition, and rape growth reason gas
Temperature is low, weed growth can be effectively suppressed, and then reduce the application of pesticide.One is only and need to apply fertilizer twice, and organic fertilizer combines slow controlled release
Fertile one-time use, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer and Phosphorus fertilizer usage reduce 20% compared with peasant habit, are meeting crop nutrition content demand
It is also remarkably improved soil fertility simultaneously.In summary measure can save plough and apply at least five labor such as fertilizer and pesticide per acre
Power.In addition, burning bring environmental pollution for reducing while straw-returning fertilizing soil.
(3) increasing both production and income.Compared with existing planting system, 200kg/ mus of corn yield increasing, 50kg/ mus of rape yield increasing, press
6 yuan/kg of 2 yuan/kg of corn price and rape price is calculated, and can increase income 700 yuan per acre.In addition, npk nutrient absorption also can be improved
Amount, volume increase while, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is different planting soil organic matter content comparison diagram；
Fig. 2 is different cultural method corns and yield of rape comparison diagram；
Fig. 3 is corn different growth stage biomass and nutrients uptake amounts dynamic change comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention, and make features described above of the invention,
Purpose and advantage are more clear understandable, are further explained explanation to the present invention now in conjunction with embodiment, it is noted that herein
All embodiments listed are merely illustrative, are not meant to be defined the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, includes the following steps:
Step 1) rape season: First Year October, full field is turned over ploughing machine, behind whole good ground, rapeseed cultivation row and line-spacing difference
For 50cm, every row carries out rape live streaming, 3 ~ 4 seeds of every nest, earthing 3cm after fertilising using the cultivation of shift type double socket.Rape season
Fertilizer is 40kg/ mus of one-time uses of Shi Kefeng slow-release compound fertilizer, is not applied fertilizer in growth course.Final singling after rape emergence, every nest
Stay 1 plant of seedling.Rape is harvested second year April.
Step 2) corn planting: after rape harvest, rape stalk is cut less than 10cm by toothing and is shooted a retrievable arrow, and the whole strain of rape stalk is covered
It is placed on as plantation rape in the ranks.Nest cultivated maize, nest spacing 50cm are dug between rape stubble May current year, every nest sows 3-4 jade
Rice seed, 3 ~ 5cm of earthing.First basal dressing before corn seeding, dose are slow with 1000 kg/ mus of 60kg/ mus of farmyard manure cooperation
Compound fertilizer (16-8-18) is released, corn seed is broadcast again after gently covering one layer of soil, avoids burn seedlings.No longer top dressing during corn growth.
Step 3) corn growth stage field management: final singling is carried out in the 3 leaf phase of corn, every nest stays 2 plants of corns.Corn growth
In the process, the rape seed meeting germination and growth that rape season trickles down can effectively press down especially to cover the in the majority in the ranks of rape stalk
Other weed growths are made, when growing to 30cm high to rape, is cut as green manure and shoots a retrievable arrow returning to the field.October current year harvest corn.
Step 4) rape season: after harvest corn, toothing 30cm, which cuts corn stover, to be shooted a retrievable arrow, and the whole strain of corn stover is put in
Between corn stubble.Nest is in the ranks dug in corn and carries out rape seed, and cultivation is the same as aforementioned consistent.April in third year, rape harvest, was received
Rear operating process is obtained with consistent after aforementioned rape harvest, it is unique unlike the incomplete decomposition of the corn stover of rape in the ranks,
The rape stalk shooted a retrievable arrow will be cut for the year to be covered on corn stover.
Step 5) continuously plant in 3 years, 3 years rape in turn by above-mentioned cultural method and when corn seeding all without complete
Field is turned over, and nest cultivation is all only dug, and is carried out primary full field after 3 years before rape seed and is turned over.
Step 6) it is that the corn seeding phase is avoided to postpone, rape variety selection early-maturing variety is advisable, and corn variety selection is local
Featured disease-resistant variety is preferred.If the rape harvest phase is later, corn is preferred using Planting Patterns.
Below with reference to test data, the effect of analytic explanation this method:
(1) it compared with conventional cultivation, is covered, can be reduced to soil using no-tillage conservation tillage mode combination stalk surface less
Disturbance, while increasing ground mulching, it can be effectively prevent water erosion and wind erosion, reduce soil erosion.In addition, it is native that straw-returning is increased fertilizer
It can be reduced while earth and burn bring environmental pollution.
(2) during corn growth, the rapeseed that rape season trickles down, which is sprouted, can be effectively suppressed other weed growths, and rape
Seedling is cut shoot a retrievable arrow after can be used as green manure direct returning to farmland.Rape season, corn stover in the ranks covered, due to corn stover relative difficult decomposition, and
Rape growth reason temperature is low, weed growth can be effectively suppressed, and then reduce the application of pesticide.
(3) compared with Single fertilizer, organic fertilizer combination slow-release or control-release fertilizer one-time use is meeting the same of crop nutrition content demand
When be also remarkably improved soil fertility, finish one season corn and rape organic matter significantly improve 15.8%(Fig. 1).
(4) it is combined using few no-tillage cultivation and single fertilization, can save plough and apply fertilizer and pesticide etc. extremely per acre
Few 5 labours.
(5) conservation tillage cultivation method for taking into account water and soil conservation and improvement of soil fertility using this is beautiful than peasant's conventional cultivation
200kg/ mus of rice volume increase, is calculated by 6 yuan/kg of 2 yuan/kg of corn price and rape price, per acre may be used by 50kg/ mus of rape yield increasing (Fig. 2)
Increase income 700 yuan.In addition, npk nutrient uptake (Fig. 3) also can be improved, volume increase while, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
In conclusion this method combines local reality, comprehensive multiple technologies means have both " land used is increased soil fertility ", protect water and soil,
Fertilizer and pesticide dosage is reduced, the amount of labour, the various aspects effect such as increasing both production and income are reduced.It is particularly suitable in Guizhou Mountain Rocky Desertification Region
Carry out.There is significant progress compared to existing rape corn planting method.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1) rape season: it First Year October, carries out full field and turns over；Behind whole good ground, growing area and spacer region are marked in compartment of terrain,
The width of the growing area and spacer region is 40-60cm, carries out rape live streaming using the cultivation of shift type double socket in each growing area,
The slow-release compound fertilizer that 30-50kg/ mus of dose one-time use 16-8-18 is pressed after the completion of sowing, has applied earthing after fertilizer；Rape
Final singling after emergence, every nest stay 1 plant of seedling, do not apply fertilizer during growth of rape；
Step 2) corn planting: rape is harvested second year April；After rape harvest, rape stalk is cut by toothing less than 10cm
It shoots a retrievable arrow, the rape stalk whole stalk covering sliced off is in spacer region；Nest cultivated maize, nest spacing 40- are dug between growing area rape stubble May
60cm, first basal dressing before corn seeding, the 16-8-18 for 50-70kg/ mus of the farmyard manure cooperation that dose is 800-1200 kg/ mu
Slow-release compound fertilizer, broadcast corn seed, no longer top dressing during corn growth again after one layer of soil is gently covered on base manure；
Step 3) corn growth stage field management: final singling is carried out in the 3 leaf phase of corn, every nest stays 2 plants of corns；Corn growth process
In, the unrestrained rape seed germination and growth of rape stalk cuts as green manure when rape grows to 30cm or so and shoots a retrievable arrow returning to the field；
Step 4) new 1 year plant: October harvesting corn；After harvest corn, toothing 30cm, which cuts corn stover, to be shooted a retrievable arrow, and by corn
Whole stalk complete is put between corn stubble；Using original seed growing area as the spacer region of plantation in new 1 year, former spacer region is as new 1 year kind
The growing area of plant, then press step 1) to step 4) operation；When October in third year plants rape, then by growing area and spacer region pair
Adjust, then press step 1) to step 4) operation；Growing area and spacer region, circulate operation are so exchanged per average annual；
Step 5) it is every planted 3 years after, carry out primary full field before rape seed and turn over.
2. a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the rape variety selects precocious rape variety.
3. the step 2) in the mode for sowing maize planting is replaced with to the modes of culturing and transplanting seedlings.
4. a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the step 1) in the growing area that divides and the width of spacer region be 50cm.
5. a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the step 1) in compound fertilizer dose be 40kg/ mus.
6. a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the step 2) in corn nest spacing 50cm.
7. a kind of suitable Rocky Desertification Region oil-beautiful double cropping conservation tillage cultivation method, feature exist as described in claim 1
In the step 2) in dose be 1000 kg/ mu farmyard manure cooperation 60kg/ mus 16-8-18 slow-release compound fertilizer.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110622797A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-31 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Grass-inhibiting soil moisture-preserving sowing method for summer corn and winter rape and sowing machine used for method |
| CN112772316A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield planting method for household farm corn in northeast black soil area |
| CN115349412A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Northeast corn-cover crop fallow and rotation cultivation method based on straw and cover crop returning |
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| CN110622797A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-31 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Grass-inhibiting soil moisture-preserving sowing method for summer corn and winter rape and sowing machine used for method |
| CN112772316A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield planting method for household farm corn in northeast black soil area |
| CN115349412A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Northeast corn-cover crop fallow and rotation cultivation method based on straw and cover crop returning |
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