CN103947428B - A kind of Spring Peanut-summer corn relay interplanting planting method - Google Patents
A kind of Spring Peanut-summer corn relay interplanting planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103947428B CN103947428B CN201410193520.9A CN201410193520A CN103947428B CN 103947428 B CN103947428 B CN 103947428B CN 201410193520 A CN201410193520 A CN 201410193520A CN 103947428 B CN103947428 B CN 103947428B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Spring Peanut-summer corn relay interplanting planting method, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.Implantation methods of the present invention, peanut ridging mulching planting, two row peanuts are planted on every ridge, and 2 row corns interplanted by 2 ridge peanuts; Ridge bottom width 84-86cm, ridge face width 54-56cm, ridge height 9-11cm, the peanut line-spacing on same ridge is 34-36cm; Corn and peanut spacing are 59-61cm; Peanut spacing in the rows is 14cm, and corn plants distance is 13-14cm; Peanut is sowed when 5cm ground temperature is 15-18 DEG C; The 40-50 days sowings of corn after peanut seeding.Implantation methods of the present invention, can realize yielding two crops a year, and employs one's time to the best advantage and space, sunlight-heat reaources, effectively improves land utilization rate; Peanut per mu yield improves 112%, and total revenue improves 72%; Improve soil fertility and Soil Nitrogen Content; Improve soil physical properties, the relaxed and comfortable degree of soil, efficiently solve degradation problem under soil compaction that long-term Wheat Maize cropping pattern brings, soil fertility, accomplished to increase soil fertility and to have coordinated with land used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Spring Peanut-summer corn relay interplanting planting method, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
Grain security, energy security and grease safety are the three large safety problems that must solve in Chinese society economic development.China is populous, and demand of grain and oil amount is huge, and ground contradiction striven by grain and oil.But arable area is limited, grain and oil are striven particularly thorny.From south to north, shortening by ripe, three crops per annual more than a year gradually three ripe by 2 years, 1 year one ripe; Wherein northern, the North China Plain of the Yellow River and Huai He River is mainly three ripe based on 2 years.How to accomplish to yield two crops a year for these areas, just need to change cropping system, reasonably combined long-term cropping, employ one's time to the best advantage and space, sunlight-heat reaources, effectively improve land utilization rate.This area light thermal resource is sufficient, can meet corn, peanut growth needs, there is not natural conditions restriction.Therefore, Spring Peanut-summer corn interplanting can be carried out, develop actively oil seed production under the prerequisite ensureing grain security, the object of high-yield and high-efficiency can be reached.Chinese patent 102687632 discloses the implantation methods of a grow wheat interplanting peanut maize intercropping; Wheat and peanut are interplanted, peanut and interplanting corn, and the nixed planting of two row corns interplanted by four lines peanut; The implantation time of peanut is 7-10 days before harvesting wheat, and the implantation time of corn is after harvesting wheat; Stay the harvest time of remaining 1-5 days, the implantation time 8-15 days more late than the implantation time of peanut of corn.The output of its peanut is 1500kg/ per hectare; The output of its corn is 8000kg/ hectare; Peanut yield is lower.In corn kilogram valency (2.2 yuan), peanut kilogram valency (6 yuan), the income of peanut and corn is 1773.3 yuan/mu; Income is lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve corn yield and peanut yield further, inventor adjusts on the basis of implantation methods disclosed in Chinese patent 102687632.Be 195cm by Bandwidth adjustment, peanut line-spacing, spacing in the rows be adjusted to 35-40cm, 14cm, Row spacing of maize, spacing in the rows are adjusted to 55cm, 13-14cm; Be no less than 8000 caves/mu the density of peanut to be increased to, the density of corn is increased to 3350-3400 strain.After above-mentioned adjustment, compared with patent 102687632, although peanut yield increases (for 180-240kg/ mu); But corn yield but reduces (for 410-460kg/ mu) to some extent.
For this reason, inventor has carried out long-term experimental study further; Find, while adjustment planting density, change the implantation time of corn, the output of corn and peanut can be changed, and then affect total revenue.But, only under the condition of the implantation time of specific planting density and corn, peanut yield could be improved while guarantee corn with high yield amount.Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide the Spring Peanut-summer corn relay interplanting planting method of one " steady grain increases oil, the two high yield of grain and oil " (that is, while guarantee corn with high yield amount, improving peanut yield).
Spring Peanut of the present invention-summer corn relay interplanting planting method, peanut ridging mulching planting, two row peanuts are planted on every ridge, and 2 row corns interplanted by 2 ridge peanuts; Ridge bottom width 84-86cm, ridge face width 54-56cm, ridge height 9-11cm, the peanut line-spacing on same ridge is 34-36cm; Corn and peanut spacing are 59-61cm; Peanut spacing in the rows is 14cm, and corn plants distance is 13-14cm;
Peanut is sowed when 5cm ground temperature is 15-18 DEG C; The 40-50 days sowings of corn after peanut seeding.
Above-mentioned implantation methods, preferably, peanut is sowed when 5cm ground temperature is 16 DEG C; The 45th day sowing of corn after peanut seeding; Ridge bottom width 85cm, ridge face width 55cm, ridge height 10cm, the peanut line-spacing on same ridge is 35cm; Corn and peanut spacing are 60cm; Peanut spacing in the rows is 14cm, and corn plants distance is 14cm.
Said method, peanut is selected and is concentrated the kind that bears pods of blooming, and educates No. 22 educate No. 25 with flower as flower; Corn selects compact, anti-fall, drought-resistant variety, as single in Shandong No. 818 and No. 958, Zheng Dan.
Said method, it is cultivated, apply fertilizer, field management adopts usual manner.Below for peanut producing region, Shandong Province, illustrate that it is cultivated, applies fertilizer, farming method.
1, fertilising and deep ploughing
Carried out before winter applying fertilizer and deep ploughing, carry out rotary tillage spring next year, rake drags for.And according to the rich scarce situation of soil nutrient, suitably can increase and use the trace element fertilizers such as superphosphate, zinc fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer.For preventing later stage early ageing, suggestion is used 60% of chemical fertilizer total amount and is changed slow-release fertilizer into.The chemical fertilizer such as slow-release fertilizer, composite fertilizer of about 2/3, whole fertilizer winter ploughing one piece applies, the fertilizer of residue about 1/3 gives over to seed manure in conjunction with below the solid soil layer executing 10cm in the middle of the face, ridge when ridging or sowing, accomplishes deep placement and evenly to execute, dark, fertile, the loose high yield soil body of training wound one.
2, seed treatment and sowing
Pay attention to seed selection, carry out dressing seed or dressing.During sowing peanut, require topsoil to hold energy agglomerating, loosely, soil moisture content is 65-70% to hand rubbing.Meet drought and want timely moisture creating.
3, field management
(1) prophase management
Timely rupture of membranes puts seedling, firming; Seedling thinning to be carried out in time according to density specification to corn; Eliminate weeds; Timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
(2) middle term management
According to corn growing way and soil fertility, carry out corn and topdress, corn digs cave in the ranks and imposes; The damage by disease and insect such as timely control of maize snout moth's larva, cotton bollworm, grub; Change control very crucial, when peanut plant height reaches 35cm, spray growth regulator in time, whole breeding time sprays 2-4 time, and adopt " repeatedly decrement " to change control principle, control excessive growth, promotes reproductive growth; Meet flooded draining, meet drought and water, meet moisture needs breeding time.
(3) final-period management
Prevent plant early ageing, every mu spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 50 kilograms; Anti-later stage damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging and arid; In good time results.
Beneficial effect
Adopt implantation methods of the present invention, can realize yielding two crops a year, employ one's time to the best advantage and space, sunlight-heat reaources, effectively improve land utilization rate;
Overlap compared with operation mode with Chinese patent 102687632 is disclosed, fertilizer amount minimizing of the present invention, peanut per mu yield improve 112%, and total revenue improves 72%;
Improve soil fertility and Soil Nitrogen Content; Improve soil physical properties, the relaxed and comfortable degree of soil, efficiently solve degradation problem under soil compaction that long-term Wheat Maize cropping pattern brings, soil fertility, accomplished to increase soil fertility and to have coordinated with land used.
Embodiment
Using Jinan, Shandong Province as Experimental Base, (climate characteristic is the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone) selects Zheng Dan 958 and Hua Yu 25 to test.Winter in 2012 carries out applying fertilizer and deep ploughing, and carries out rotary tillage on April 2nd, 2013, rake drags for; In view of the soil property of Experimental Base, use 75 kgs/acre, Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium (15-15-15) fertilizer, wherein 60% of chemical fertilizer total amount is slow-release fertilizer, and all the other are composite fertilizer.Accomplish deep placement and evenly to execute, dark, fertile, the loose high yield soil body of training wound one; Before ensureing sowing peanut, topsoil is held can be agglomerating, and loosely, soil moisture content is 65-70% to hand rubbing.In above-mentioned Experimental Base, adjacent marks off 50 pieces of identical fields of area; The area in every block field is one mu.50 pieces of fields are equally divided into A, B, C, D, E5 group, often organize 10 pieces of fields.
A group field adopts the implantation methods of embodiment 1;
B group field adopts the implantation methods of comparative example 1; (compared with embodiment 1, sowing condition is different);
C group field adopts the implantation methods of comparative example 2; (the disclosed cover operation mode of Chinese patent 102687632; Compared with embodiment 1, sowing condition, cropping pattern are all different; );
D group field adopts the implantation methods (pure make peanut) of comparative example 3;
E group field adopts the implantation methods (pure make corn) of comparative example 4.
After results, weigh according to following standard: weigh the covered peanut weight that water content is 10%; Weigh the weight that water content is the iblet of 13.5%; Result is as following table.
| Peanut yield (kg/acre) | Corn yield (kg/acre) | The gross output value (unit) | 0-30cm total nitrogen content of soil (%) before results | 0-30cm soil porosity (%) before results | |
| A group field | 395 | 537 | 3551.4 | 0.097 | 44.81 |
| B group field | 268 | 510 | 2730 | 0.094 | 44.31 |
| C group field | 126 | 535 | 1933 | 0.090 | 43.91 |
| D group field | 503 | 3018 | 0.103 | 45.14 | |
| E group field | 566 | 1245.2 | 0.087 | 43.75 |
Output in table is multi-point average value; The output value in table: crop per mu yield × crop kilogram valency [commodity corn kilogram valency (2.2 yuan), commodity peanut kilogram valency (6 yuan)].
embodiment 1
1. sowing condition:
Peanut: when 5 centimetres of ground temperature are 16 DEG C (on April 25th, 2013), sowing peanut;
Corn: the 45th day (on June 9th, 2013) after sowing peanut, seeding corn.
2. sowing planting pattern:
Peanut: according to the standard ridging of ridge bottom width 85cm, ridge face width 55cm, ridge height 10cm, plays adjacent two ridges (connecting at the bottom of two ridges, ridge) every 125cm.Every ridge planting 2 row peanut, peanut spacing in the rows (cave distance) is about (refer on the basis of standard value, fluctuate in 1cm, lower with) 14cm, the peanut line-spacing on same ridge is about 35cm.Its planting density is 8100 caves/mu.
Corn: often sow 2 row corns between non-conterminous two ridges, the line-spacing of this two row corn is 55cm.The spacing of corn and peanut is 60cm, and corn plants distance is 14cm.After emergence of corn, according to the planting density seedling thinning of 3350 plants/acre.
3. field management:
Peanut: be covering with plastic film after peanut seeding, 7-10 smallpox bears seedling, and rupture of membranes puts seedling, firming; When peanut plant height reaches 35cm (June 29) start to spray growth regulator, whole breeding time sprays 3 times, and subtract dose is half last time at every turn, every 7 days once.
Corn: after emergence of corn, on 30 days (July 15), ditching in the ranks imposes Wo Fute corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer 30 kgs/acre.Spray the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 50 kilograms of 0.3% July 25 every mu; Spray 3 times, every 7 days once.
4. gather in the crops:
Peanut: September 8 gathered in the crops peanut;
Corn: September 25 harvesting corn.
comparative example 1(is compared with embodiment 1, and sowing condition is different)
1. sowing condition:
Peanut: sowing on May 4th, 2013 peanut;
Corn: the 40th day (on June 12nd, 2013) after sowing peanut, seeding corn.
2. sowing planting pattern:
Identical with embodiment 1.
3. field management:
Identical with embodiment 1;
4. gather in the crops:
Peanut: September 15 gathered in the crops peanut;
Corn: September 26 harvesting corn.
comparative example 2(is compared with embodiment 1, and sowing condition, cropping pattern are all different)
1. sowing condition:
Identical with comparative example 1.
2. sowing planting pattern:
2 row corns (every 4 row peanuts, two row corns are sowing alternately) interplanted by 4 row peanuts; The spacing of peanut and corn is 35cm; Peanut line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm; Row spacing of maize 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm.Peanut cultivation density is 6666 caves/mu, and corn planting density is 3333 plants/acre.
3. field management:
Identical with embodiment 1;
4. gather in the crops:
Peanut: September 5 gathered in the crops peanut;
Corn: September 25 harvesting corn.
comparative example 3(is pure makes peanut)
1. sowing condition:
Sowing on May 4th, 2013 peanut.Cave distance 15-16 centimetre, about mu broadcasts 10000 caves.
2. sowing planting pattern:
According to the standard ridging of ridge bottom width 85cm, ridge face width 55cm, ridge height 10cm, connect at the bottom of two ridges, ridge).Every ridge planting 2 row peanut, peanut spacing in the rows (cave distance) is about (
refer on the basis of standard value, fluctuate in 1cm, lower same)14cm, the peanut line-spacing on same ridge is about 35cm.
3. field management:
Identical with embodiment 1;
4. gather in the crops:
Peanut: September 16 gathered in the crops peanut.
comparative example 4(is pure makes corn)
1. sowing condition:
On June 15th, 2013 is sowed.
2. sowing planting pattern:
The line-spacing of corn is 60cm, and spacing in the rows is 27-28cm, about mu broadcasts 4000 caves.
3. gather in the crops:
Corn: September 21 harvesting corn.
Claims (1)
1. Spring Peanut-summer corn relay interplanting planting method, is characterized in that, peanut ridging mulching planting, and two row peanuts are planted on every ridge, and 2 row corns interplanted by 2 ridge peanuts; Ridge bottom width 85cm, ridge face width 55cm, ridge height 10cm, the peanut line-spacing on same ridge is 35cm; Corn and peanut spacing are 60cm; Peanut spacing in the rows is 14cm, and corn plants distance is 14cm;
Peanut is sowed when 5cm ground temperature is 16 DEG C; The 45th day sowing of corn after peanut seeding.
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| CN104380968A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-04 | 固镇县连龙花生专业合作社 | Interplanting technical method of peanut and corn in spring |
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| CN105532254A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Chemical control method for raising oil content of spring peanuts |
| CN105706713A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-06-29 | 刘万顺 | Mixed interplanting method of corns and peanuts |
| CN106034726A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-10-26 | 柳州创宇科技有限公司 | Potato-corn relay intercropping planting method |
| CN106305101A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-11 | 谭仁燕 | Method for mixed planting of maize and peanut |
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| CN107125004A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-09-05 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of millet peanut summer sowing intercropping method of high-yield and high-efficiency |
| CN107439206A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-08 | 太仓市绿苗农场专业合作社 | A kind of interplanting corn peanut high-yield planting method |
| CN110150062B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-11-09 | 河北科技师范学院 | Planting method for spring wheat and summer corn twice a year |
| CN111264327B (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-12-28 | 山东省农业科学院 | Spring peanut-spring tobacco ecological high-yield planting method |
| CN112868321A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-01 | 孙同梅 | Planting method, seeding tray and seeding equipment |
| CN113785743A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-14 | 山东省农业科学院 | Corn/peanut-wheat crop rotation planting method with reduced nitrogen application |
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