CN110150062B - Planting method for spring wheat and summer corn twice a year - Google Patents
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- CN110150062B CN110150062B CN201910558743.3A CN201910558743A CN110150062B CN 110150062 B CN110150062 B CN 110150062B CN 201910558743 A CN201910558743 A CN 201910558743A CN 110150062 B CN110150062 B CN 110150062B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for spring wheat and summer corn in two crops in one year, which comprises the following steps: planting spring wheat in the eastern Ji area (or the area with similar ecological climate) in 1-3-10 months every year, wherein the growth period of the spring wheat is 85-90 days; harvesting spring wheat in the same year between 21 days 6 months and 30 days 6 months; soil preparation; sowing summer corn 10 days before 7 months in the same year, wherein the growth period of the summer corn variety is 100-105 days, and then harvesting the corn in the harvesting period. Wherein, the spring wheat variety is selected from "jin Qiang 10", and the summer corn variety is selected from "Jing Yu 16" or "Zheng Yu 432". The planting method has the advantages that the film covering is not needed for the spring wheat, the method is suitable for the kernel corn, the planting mode of double cropping of the grain crops spring wheat and summer corn in the east Ji and the crop rotation and stubble cultivation of the wheat and the corn in one year is realized, the yield can be improved, the cost is reduced, the benefit is improved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by film covering does not exist.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural crop planting, in particular to a planting method for spring wheat and summer corn which are ripe two times a year.
Background
The Jidong area generally refers to the eastern area of Hebei province and part of the peripheral counties of Beijing City and Tianjin City, mainly comprises Lulong, Qian' an, funing, Chanli, \28390, counties, pavilions, elms, Fengrun, Ninghe, Tongxian, Sanhe, Baodi, Ji county, Xianghe, Chang Ping, Shuyi, Miyun, Huarou, Ping Gu, Zunhuan, Xinglong and Yutian. The area is influenced by factors such as latitude, climate and the like, the frost-free period of the whole year is about 190 days, and the accumulated temperature above 0 ℃ is about 4200 ℃. Therefore, grain planting modes in the eastern Ji area are mainly three, the first mode mainly comprises planting spring corn and is cooked in one year; the second planting mode is: a cultivation mode of planting winter wheat in the first 10 th month of the previous year and planting summer corn after harvesting the winter wheat in the next 6 th month, wherein due to the limitation of photo-thermal resources, in order to catch up with the winter wheat in the first 10 th month and the summer corn in the first 10 th month is difficult to normally mature, fresh corn or silage corn is generally mainly planted; the third planting mode is: the cultivation mode of three-cropping system of spring corn, winter wheat and summer corn in two years is disclosed.
From the above, in the eastern Ji area, the grain crops can be ripened once a year, if only one season of grain crops is planted in a year, the photo-thermal resources are wasted, and if the grain crops (such as winter wheat and summer corn) in two seasons are planted, the photo-thermal resources are insufficient, namely the situation of 'one season is more than one season and two seasons are insufficient' occurs. Therefore, the two-crop-a-year-round of the main grain crops wheat and corn cannot be realized in one natural year (1 month to 12 months) in the eastern Ji area, so that the phenomena of low grain unit area yield, incapability of maximizing the utilization of photo-thermal resources and low economic benefit are caused.
In the prior art, Wujiabin, Wei and the like propose a spring wheat-summer corn interplanting cultivation mode (see 'evaluation on field irrigation effectiveness in a spring wheat-summer corn interplanting mode'), wherein wheat is planted in 23 days in 3 months, and corn is planted in 5 days in 4 months. The technology has the defects that spring wheat is interplanted with summer corn without being harvested, conditions are created for harvesting the summer corn in advance, mechanical operation cannot be achieved, main farming activities need to be completed manually, a large amount of labor cost is wasted, and large-scale planting cannot be achieved.
In recent years, with the rapid promotion of the breeding work of spring wheat and summer corn, varieties with short growth period, good high yield and strong comprehensive stress resistance continuously appear, so that the realization of a two-cropping cultivation mode of spring wheat plus summer valley in one year under the photo-thermal resource condition of the ecotype region in the eastern Hejiao becomes possible. Through years of research, members of the research and development team perform regional adaptive screening and identification on new varieties from nearly fifty spring wheat and summer corn varieties, perform up-crop and down-crop combination on the spring wheat and summer corn varieties, and provide the new cultivation mode.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of spring wheat and summer corn twice a year, which can solve the problems that the seed corn is not suitable for and mulching films are needed to increase the ground temperature in the existing spring wheat and summer corn compound planting mode, solve the problem of insufficient utilization of photothermal resources in the eastern Ji areas, realize the planting mode of grain crops spring wheat and summer corn twice a year and crop rotation and reverse cropping cultivation of wheat and corn in one year in eastern Ji areas, meet the growth requirement of spring wheat without adopting mulching films to increase the ground temperature, and improve the grain yield.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a planting method for spring wheat and summer corn in two crops in one year, which comprises the following steps:
(1) planting spring wheat in the period of 3 months and 1-3 months and 10 days in the year, wherein the growth period of the selected spring wheat variety is less than 90 days;
(2) then, harvesting spring wheat between 21 days of 6 months and 30 days of 6 months in the same year;
(3) then, after harvesting the spring wheat, carrying out soil preparation, wherein the agricultural consumption time is 5-7 days;
(4) finally, summer maize is sown 10 days before 7 months of the same year, wherein the growth period of the selected summer maize variety is 100-105 days, and then the maize is harvested in the harvesting period.
In a preferred embodiment, soil preparation is carried out before spring wheat is planted, soil preparation is carried out in early spring or before winter, and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer during soil preparation.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the growth period of the spring wheat variety is 85 to 90 days.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the spring wheat variety "jin qiang 10" is selected, which has low requirement for accumulated temperature, stronger cold resistance, good high yield and short growth period.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the spring wheat is planted at the top of March, the planting depth is 3-4 cm, and the planting amount is 15-20 kg/mu; preferably, 40-42 ten thousand plants per mu of basic seedlings are suitable to be planted; preferably, the ear number per mu is 41.3 ten thousand ears, the ear grain number is 30.3 grains, and the thousand grain weight is 38.5 g.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), during the growth of the spring wheat, the first watering is carried out in the tillering stage, the second watering is carried out in the jointing stage, and 15 kg-20 kg of urea is applied per mu at the same time.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the aphid disease and the powdery mildew are controlled from late 4 to late 6 months during the growth of the spring wheat.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1) above, during the growth of spring wheat, a chemical growth regulator is sprayed before the jointing stage.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the summer corn variety is selected from any one or two of "zhengyu 432" and "jing yu 16".
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the summer corn variety has a growth period of about 100 days.
In a preferred embodiment, 5kg of compound fertilizer is applied as seed manure per acre before sowing summer corn.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the seeding density of the summer corn is 4800-5200 plants/mu.
In a preferred embodiment, in the above step (4), a chemical growth regulator is sprayed at the 7 to 9 leaf stage during the growth of summer corn.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the summer corn is cultivated by the following method:
(1) before sowing, fine ploughing and soil preparation are carried out, mechanical sowing is carried out with sufficient soil moisture, 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied per mu as seed fertilizer, the seed fertilizer is isolated, the depth of covering soil is consistent, and the thickness is 3-5 centimeters;
(2) increasing the density, sowing 4800-. The seedling is left to be as follows: enough, even, neat and strong, and ensures that the number of harvested plants is about 5000 plants per mu during harvesting;
(3) top dressing or no top dressing or one-time top dressing base fertilizer, which comprises the following specific steps: on the premise of applying enough base fertilizer, firstly topdressing spike fertilizer, namely 16-18 kg of urea is topdressed in a large-horn mouth period, secondly topdressing flower-grain fertilizer, and 6-8 kg of urea is topdressed in a period from castration to spinning; during topdressing, furrowing, deep application and earthing are carried out to reduce fertilizer loss, watering is carried out in a combined manner during drought, and meanwhile, seedling damage is strictly prevented;
(4) controlling lodging by using a chemical growth regulator: in the high-yield corn field, the density is generally high, the plants grow vigorously and have lodging danger, and a chemical growth regulator can be sprayed in the 6-9 leaf stage (differentiated according to variety differences), so that the internode of the corn base can be shortened, the plant height can be reduced, and the corn can grow robustly;
(5) and (3) strengthening the control of diseases, pests and weeds:
a: disease control: the corn rough dwarf disease and the large and small leaf spot are mainly prevented and treated; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
maize rough dwarf disease (viral disease): on the basis of preventing smut and gray planthopper in the seedling stage of corn by seed medicament coating, spraying the phytocide No. 2 with 100 ml per mu for 2-3 times on a land where the maize rough dwarf disease is mainly caused, adding 30kg of water, and effectively preventing the occurrence and spread of maize virus diseases;
big and small leaf spot of corn: in the onset plot, 50 percent of mancozeb 500-600 times liquid, or 50 percent of carbendazim powder 500-600 times liquid, or 75 percent of chlorothalonil wettable powder 700-800 times liquid is added into 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate for spraying at the initial onset of the corn;
b: pest control: the corn borers, red spiders and aphids are mainly prevented and treated; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
preventing and controlling corn borers: when the mosaic rate of the pests reaches 10% in the end period of the heart leaves or 1-2% of the pests are found in the field in the large horn mouth period, 0.7-1.5kg of 3% of ground pest granules per mu are used in time or 1-1.2kg of 1.5% of granules are thrown into the heart leaves in a proper way per mu, so that the plants are not leaked or heavy, and the long-term lasting prevention effect is ensured;
and (3) preventing and treating red spiders and aphids: 20 percent of mite hunting or 34 percent of Hongbai Yisheng 75-100 g per mu is added with 50 kg of water and evenly sprayed; for preventing and controlling aphids, 20-30 g of 5 percent acetamiprid or 20 g of 10 percent imidacloprid can be mixed with 30kg of water for spraying per mu;
in a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the summer corn can be cultivated by a method comprising:
(1) and (3) sufficient fertilization: nitrogen (N)3 kg, phosphorus (P) per 100 kg of kernels produced is generally administered2O5)1 kg, Potassium (K)2O)3 kg of fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is applied slightly to seedlings, spike fertilizer is applied heavily, and grain fertilizer is applied appropriately;
(2) watering in time through fine management: irrigation is needed when the seedlings are dry during the period from emergence to the small bell mouth; after the large horn mouth period, the earth surface is wet and not dry; cultivating and loosening soil; intertillage is generally carried out for 2-3 times from the seedling stage to the small horn mouth stage, and soil is kept loose;
(3) and (3) controlling diseases, pests and weeds:
a: and (3) weed control:
after sowing and before emergence of seedlings, spraying 120 ml of 50% acetochlor missible oil mixed with 30-50 kg of water on the ground.
B: pest control:
the aleyrodids are used for preventing and controlling the laodelphax striatellus in the seedling stage;
and secondly, third-generation prevention and control of armyworm and thrips: spraying 25-30 g of a 25% chlorbenzuron (chlorbenzuron No. 3) suspending agent per mu with water, or spraying 50 g of bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder per mu with water conventionally;
preventing and controlling corn borers: 0.5 kg of 3% cola granules, which are applied to a bellmouth or a corn silk spitting part;
preventing and treating corn aphids: coating with 70% thiamethoxam (Eicheng) seed coating agent, or dressing with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for preventing and treating;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a two-cropping cultivation technical mode for 'spring wheat plus summer corn' in one year, selects 'jin Qiang 10' of spring wheat and 'Jing Yu 16' or 'Zheng Yu 432' of summer corn variety, can fully utilize photo-thermal resources in the Dong Ji area, effectively utilizes all accumulated temperature above zero degree in the Dong Ji area in one year, solves the problem of insufficient photo-thermal resource utilization in the Dong Ji area, realizes a two-cropping cultivation mode for grain crops spring wheat and summer corn in the Dong Ji area in one year, realizes crop rotation and inverted cropping cultivation for wheat and corn in one year, and improves the grain yield.
(2) According to the method, the spring wheat variety 'Jinqiang No. 10' is selected in the planting mode, the growth requirement of the spring wheat can be met without adopting the film covering to improve the ground temperature, the yield can reach higher, the yield is almost close to that of the spring wheat 'Liaochun No. 14' planted by adopting the film covering, the planting cost and the labor cost are reduced, the production cost is reduced by more than three times, and meanwhile, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the film covering does not exist.
(3) According to the invention, the summer corn variety 'Jingyu 16' or 'Zhengyu 432' is selected in the planting mode, and one-time fertilization is carried out, so that the cultivation can be simplified, the labor and the force are saved, the corn can be harvested after the vertical stalks are dehydrated, and the problem that the seed corn is not suitable in the existing planting mode of spring wheat and summer corn is solved.
(4) The method selects spring wheat Jinqiang No. 10 and summer corn variety Jingyu 16 or Zhengyunyu 432, the planting mode is suitable for adopting a mechanized harvesting mode for ear harvesting and grain harvesting, the labor cost is saved, the summer corn can be harvested at the bottom of 10 months or even at the beginning of 11 months, the conflict between time conflict of the summer corn and the winter wheat is thoroughly solved, the economic benefit is improved, the enthusiasm of adopting a two-harvest-a-year planting method in the east Ji area is increased, the two-harvest-a-year mode in parts of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Liaoning and inner Mongolia with similar latitudes has popularization and application prospects, and the method plays a positive role in guaranteeing national grain safety and improving the agricultural benefit.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments is provided in conjunction with fig. 1 to provide a better understanding of the invention. It should be understood, however, that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the particular embodiments described.
Example 1: planting method for spring wheat and summer corn twice a year
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) planting spring wheat Jinqiang No. 10 in the period of 3 months and 5 days in the year, wherein the spring wheat variety Jinqiang No. 10 is planted at the top of the tree, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing quantity is 20 kg/mu; in the growth period of spring wheat, carrying out first watering in a tillering stage, carrying out second watering in an elongation stage, simultaneously carrying out topdressing of 15 kg-20 kg urea per mu for each watering, carrying out aphid disease and powdery mildew control in 4-month-25 days to 6-month-7 days, and spraying a chemical growth regulator before the elongation stage;
(2) harvesting spring wheat in 25 days in 6 months of the same year;
(3) soil preparation is carried out after spring wheat is harvested, the farming time is 7 days, wherein 5kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu to serve as seed manure, the seed manure is isolated, the soil covering depth is consistent, and the thickness is 3 cm;
(4) sowing summer corn 'Zhengyuyu 432' in the current year in 7 months and 3 days, wherein the sowing density is 5200 plants/mu, thinning and final singling are carried out in time, weak seedlings, young seedlings and mixed seedlings are removed, and the seedling remaining is realized: sufficient, even, neat and strong; during the growth period of summer corns, under the premise of applying enough base fertilizer, firstly topdressing spike fertilizer, namely 16 kilograms of urea is topdressed in a large-horn mouth period, secondly topdressing flower-grain fertilizer, 8 kilograms of urea is topdressed in a period from castration to silking, furrowing and deep earthing are required during topdressing so as to reduce fertilizer loss, watering is combined during drought, and seedlings are strictly prevented from being injured; spraying a chemical growth regulator chlormequat chloride in the 8-leaf stage, so that the internode of the basal part of the corn is shortened, the plant height is reduced, and the corn grows robustly; the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds are enhanced, and corn rough dwarf disease, large and small leaf spot disease, corn borer, red spider and aphid are mainly prevented and controlled;
(5) finally, corn was harvested on 25 days 10 months.
Example 2: planting method for spring wheat and summer corn twice a year
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) planting spring wheat with the Jinqiang number 10 in 7 days in 3 months in the year, top up in the air, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing quantity is 20 kg/mu; in the growth period of spring wheat, carrying out first watering in a tillering stage, carrying out second watering in an elongation stage, simultaneously dressing 15kg of urea per mu each time of watering, carrying out aphid disease and powdery mildew prevention and control in the late 4-month to early 6-month days, and spraying a chemical growth regulator before the elongation stage;
(2) harvesting spring wheat in 24 days 6 months in the year;
(3) soil preparation is carried out after spring wheat is harvested, the farming time is 6 days, wherein 5kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu as seed fertilizer, and the soil covering depth is consistent;
(4) summer corn 'Jingyu 16' is sown in 7 months and 1 day of the year, the sowing density is 5000 plants/mu, thinning and final singling are carried out in time, weak seedlings, young seedlings and mixed seedlings are removed, and the seedling remaining is realized: sufficient, even, neat and strong; in the summer corn growth period, on the premise of applying enough base fertilizer, firstly applying spike fertilizer, namely applying 18 kg of urea in a large horn mouth period, secondly applying flower-grain fertilizer, in the period from castration to spinning, applying 8 kg of urea, during top application, ditching and deep applying earthing soil to reduce fertilizer loss, in dry land, combining watering, and simultaneously strictly preventing seedling damage; spraying a chemical growth regulator in the 8-leaf stage, so that the internode of the corn base is shortened, the plant height is reduced, and the corn grows robustly; the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds are enhanced, and corn rough dwarf disease, large and small leaf spot disease, corn borer, red spider and aphid are mainly prevented and controlled;
(5) finally, corn was harvested on day 17 of 10 months.
Comparative analysis
Comparative analysis of the planting patterns of examples 1 and 2 with the spring wheat "Liaochun No. 14" and the summer corn "Jingdan 28" in the case of mulching cultivation with spring wheat and without mulching with summer corn resulted in the following table:
yield comparison for different planting patterns
As can be seen from the above table, the yield of the spring wheat in the case of the examples 1 and 2 without using the mulching film is about 365.0 kg/mu, which is almost close to 381.5 kg/mu of the yield of the spring wheat in the case of using the mulching film in the comparative example; in the case of the examples 1 and 2 without using the film, the yield of the summer corn reaches 705.0 kg/mu at most, and is far higher than 601.5 kg/mu of the yield of the summer corn in the comparative example; the total yield of the grain obtained in example 1 and example 2 was 1070.0 kg/mu and 1038.0 kg/mu, respectively, which were both greater than 983.0 kg/mu even in the comparative example using the spring wheat mulch.
Therefore, the invention provides a two-cropping cultivation technical mode in one year for selecting spring wheat 'Jinqiang No. 10' and summer corn variety 'Jingyu 16' or 'Zhengyu 432', even if no mulching film is adopted, the grain yield can still be higher than the total yield of the existing mulching film, namely, higher grain yield can be obtained under the conditions of low cost and pollution reduction caused by mulching film, the cultivation mode for harvesting multiple summer corns from spring wheat is provided, the conflict of time conflict of summer corns in continuous cropping winter in eastern Ji areas is thoroughly solved, the economic benefit is improved, the enthusiasm of adopting a two-year-old planting method in eastern Ji areas is increased, the method has popularization and application prospects in the two-harvest-a-year mode of parts of areas with similar latitudes, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Liaoning and inner Mongolia, and has positive effects on guaranteeing national food safety and improving agricultural benefits.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A spring wheat and summer corn planting method capable of maturing twice a year is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) planting spring wheat in 3-10 months per year, wherein the growth period of the selected spring wheat variety is less than 90 days; (2) then, harvesting spring wheat between 21 days of 6 months and 30 days of 6 months in the same year; (3) then, after harvesting the spring wheat, carrying out soil preparation, wherein the agricultural consumption time is 5-7 days; (4) finally, sowing summer corns 10 days before 7 months in the same year, wherein the growth period of the selected summer corn variety is 100-105 days, and then harvesting the corns in the harvesting period; wherein the spring wheat variety is Jinqiang No. 10, and the summer corn variety is selected from any one or two of 'Zhengyu 432' and 'Jingyu 16';
wherein, 5kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of corn before sowing in summer as seed fertilizer; in the step (4), the seeding density of the summer corn is 4800-5200 plants/mu.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein soil preparation is performed before planting the spring wheat, soil preparation is performed in early spring or before winter, and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer per mu during soil preparation.
3. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the spring wheat variety has a growth period of 85 to 90 days.
4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the spring wheat is planted at the top of 3 months, the planting depth is 3-4 cm, and the planting amount is 15-20 kg/mu.
5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), during the growth of the spring wheat, a first watering is carried out at a tillering stage, a second watering is carried out at an elongation stage, and 15 kg-20 kg of urea is applied per mu at each watering.
6. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), aphid and powdery mildew control is performed in late 4 to late 6 months during the growth of spring wheat.
7. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a chemical growth regulator is sprayed before the jointing stage during the growth of the spring wheat.
8. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the chemical growth regulator is sprayed during the summer maize growth period at the 7 to 9 leaf stage.
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