CN104322252B - Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method - Google Patents
Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method, particularly relate to a kind of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method.Fertilizing method of the present invention comprises: adopt base to execute compound/mixed fertile 600 ~ 750kg/hm in wheat planting season
2+ period of seedling establishment imposes control release urea 150 ~ 225kg/hm
2, and to change traditional wheat ripening stage results be the full ripening stage results in Grain Weight in Common Wheat maximum period; Adopt disposable seed manure with broadcasting in corn planting season, seed manure is control release urea 450 ~ 600kg/hm
2+ P
2o
590 ~ 225kg/hm
2+ K
2o90 ~ 150kg/hm
2, or be controlled release BB fertilizer 550 ~ 750kg/hm
2, and namely gather in the crops after corn kernel milk-line disappears.Fertilizing method of the present invention can realize anniversary balance volume increase, and improve the output of plantation wheat, the cultivation of corn two crops a year, save labor cost, the present invention proposes a kind of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method, particularly relate to a kind of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method.
Background technology
Huang-Huai-Hai is the main producing region of China's grain, special winter wheat, this typical cropping system of summer corn two crops a year rotation system are the main food planting patterns in this district, no matter be cultivated area or unit yield, the cereal product high degree produced under this rotation system ensure that the grain security of China, and fertilising is the important measures improving its unit yield.This area winter wheat is generally sowed in October, early June or the middle ten days gather in the crops, and then summer corn is sowed in mid-June, results at the beginning of mid-September to 10 month, the breeding time of two kinds of crops has just in time striden across a crop rotation anniversary, occupy the contribution of more than 50% in the process that fertilizer nutrient improves in grain yield, thus the fertilising of winter wheat and this rotation cycle of summer corn distributes and just seems particularly important.
For meeting this district's High-yielding Winter Wheat, the requirement of Fertilizer Requirement And Dry Matter Accumulation In Summer Corn, at present winter wheat, in the nitrogen fertilization patterns of Summer Maize Rotation, usually adopt a base one to chase after in wheat season or two chase after (base manure, striking root fertilizer, jointing is fertile), corn season custom employing more than 2 times (seed manures, jointing is fertile, typhon mouth is fertile, fringe granulated fertilizer) fertilizing method: apply before (1) wheat cultivation whole phosphorus potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer total amount half and more than, the critical period of nutrition of turning green spring in the coming year to the shooting stage spreads fertilizer over the fields in conjunction with rainfall or irrigation or ditches uses remaining nitrogenous fertilizer (usual per hectare executes urea 150kg-300kg), but also have the peasant household of indivedual labour's abundance can before and after being in the milk by the end of April again per hectare mend that to execute 60kg-75kg urea fertile as heading flowering, this has and causes winter wheat later stage remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing risk, (2) in corn season, peasant with sowing or can apply the nitrogenous fertilizer of 30%-40% and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer after emerging, and impose the nitrogenous fertilizer of residue 60%-70% at trumpet period, the peasant household of labour's abundance can supplement fringe granulated fertilizer at corn blooming stage, but Ye You peasant household carries out fertilizing operation as jointing fertilizer (5-6 leaf phase) and 1/3rd as loudspeaker fertilizer (10-11 leaf phase) according to 2/3rds of total amount of nitrogen.Therefore, a crop rotation anniversary, the least number of times of fertilising is 4 times, and even indivedual peasant household reaches 6 times.Although traditional winter wheat, summer corn fertilizer application mode can increase crop yield and improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, because the rate of release of fertilizer nutrient is very fast, can not meet the needs of Crop nutrient, individual stage also can cause de-fertile phenomenon.The more important thing is, increase labour intensity and cost that fertilizer application frequency adds fertilising, extremely inadaptable with the reality of current China rural laborer shortage.
During Growing Period of Winter Wheat is longer, summer corn breeding time is not as good as the half of winter wheat, two kinds of crops differ widely to the aggregate demand of nutrient and the nutrient uptake feature of different phase, especially should have new understanding when current most area wheat and maize stalk all goes back field to the input of nutrient.
In recent years, due to rural laborer, particularly between twenty and fifty labourer's major part is to city transfer, and the restriction of labour makes wheat and corn fertilizer application frequency have the trend of minimizing, so just can not meet the nutrient demand of crop.In addition, plant growth later stage individual plants is larger, be not suitable for do mechanization operation, peasant often manually spread fertilizer over the fields with entering instant nitrogenousfertilizer combine the mode of watering carry out after the topdressing an of period, this mode increases the risk of the downward leaching of nitrogen, thus affects quality of groundwater, fertilizer can be wasted again, reduce nitrogen utilization efficiency, some peasant households just do not carry out topdressing of this time key without hesitation because of operating difficulties, thus enter the mistaken ideas in production.
Therefore, for the situation of agricultural development in the Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation of current Huang-Huai-Hai major grain producing area, research Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation simplified cultivation fertilizing method is to the lasting output improving winter wheat and summer corn crop, reduce agriculture production cost, ensure that the grain security of country is significant.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome conventional wheat, Corn Rotation System fertilizing method Problems existing, realize the object of anniversary balance volume increase, improve plantation wheat, corn yields two crops a year the output of cultivating, save labor cost, the present invention proposes a kind of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Design a kind of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method, comprise the steps:
(1) wheat planting season
(1) sowing executed by base: behind smooth field, and compound/mixed fertilizer executed by base, and amount of application is 600 ~ 750kg/hm
2, described compound/mixed fertile N-P
2o
5-K
2o nutrient content is 23-15-7; Sow according to selected Wheat Varieties, under current China's Wheat Maize Rotation farmland large area rotary tillage seeding method affects the prerequisite of wheat cultivation quality, relatively traditional type of seeding is needed to increase seeding quantity to ensure Basic Seedling, multi-spike-type seeding quantity 150 ~ 180kg/hm
2, large spike seeding quantity 210 ~ 240kg/hm
2, and sowing line-spacing is reduced in more traditional type of seeding, average row distance is 16 ~ 20cm; Adopt jumbo sower to carry out wide cut sowing, improve plant distribution consistency degree in row, reduce Mutual influence, improve mature spike number;
(2) topdress: impose control release urea 150 ~ 225kg/hm at wheat period of seedling establishment
2return to one's native place in conjunction with China rural migrant worker in the Spring Festival, during this, (wheat period of seedling establishment) has this true and control release urea nutrients release slowly this characteristic of field labour power, abandon over a long period of time recommend or implement wheat nourish and grow and reproductive growth critical period (shooting stage) impose common nitrogenous fertilizer, change into and impose control release urea in advance at wheat period of seedling establishment;
(3) gather in the crops: the situation in conjunction with current harvesting wheat being all mechanized operation, changing traditional wheat ripening stage results is the full ripening stage results in Grain Weight in Common Wheat maximum period, and can reduce and gather in the crops in wheat ripening stage the field caused and fall the percent of loss that seed shattering causes, increase wheat yield as far as possible;
Other field planting management measure is with conventional;
(2) corn planting season
(4) sowing executed by base: after harvesting wheat, and wholely, mechanical no-tillage and cover, choose corn variety and carry out seed manure with broadcasting method sowing, seeding quantity is to reach 6 ~ 90,000 strains/hm for stump
2planting density be as the criterion, seed manure used is control release urea 450 ~ 600kg/hm
2+ P
2o
590 ~ 225kg/hm
2+ K
2o90 ~ 150kg/hm
2, or be controlled release BB fertilizer 550 ~ 750kg/hm
2, its N-P
2o
5-K
2o nutrient content is 30-5-5; Seed manure base is executed in seed side-lower 6 ~ 10cm depths, prevents from burning seedling;
(5) gather in the crops: namely gather in the crops after corn kernel milk-line disappears;
Other field planting management measure is with conventional.
Preferably, described control release urea N content is 44 ~ 46wt%.
Preferably, for the climatic characteristic that various places are dissimilar, soil regime, cultivation management level, planting habit, crops for rotation arrange, the food flavor of the masses, the actual conditions such as consumption habit, suit measures to local conditions, select the new varieties being applicable to promoting in Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat and maize rotation system situation, selected wheat breed is high yield, wheat breed disease-resistant, resistant to lodging, at least one in anti-58, all wheats 22 as short in hundred agricultures, all wheats 18, Henan agriculture 202, Henan wheat 49-198, Zheng wheat 7698, many wheats No. 1; Selected corn variety be breeding time at about 115 days, active accumulated temperature is applicable to the disease-resistant Corn kind resistant to lodging of dense planting within the scope of 2300 DEG C, as Zheng Dan 958, first beautiful 335, dredges single 20, at least one of stepping in sea 605, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 35, Henan single 919.
Preferably, after described wheat or maize straw are gathered in the crops, straw-returning plot deep ploughing 25cm; Stalk does not go back field block, suppresses target in fact after rotary tillage, and optimum period fits moisture in the soil sowing, realizes one and broadcasts full stand, even seedling, Qi Miao.
Also disease pest and weed integrated control can be carried out as follows: the corn seeding phase mainly prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, smut, seedling blight in corn planting season, the 0.1-0.2% seed dressing of seed weight is pressed with 2wt% Likeming Gel, or 0.2% seed dressing of seed weight pressed by 50wt% carbendazim, simultaneously doublely can control leaf diseases in seedling stage; Control soil insect 40wt% Isofenphos methyl presses 0.2% seed dressing of seed weight, also doublely can control small brown rice planthopper, corn leaf aphids etc.; Before sprouting after corn seeding, spray with 50wt% acetochlor ec or 40wt% Yiyoushui and carry out chemical weed control; With the happy colloidal suspending agent cauline leaf spraying of the beautiful agriculture of 4wt% after emerging, or with 20wt% Kirchhoff integral aqua, at maize seedling up to directed spraying control weeds in field during 25 ~ 35cm; Seedling stage can prevent and treat small brown rice planthopper with the spraying of 10wt% Imidacloprid; The typhon mouth phase, corn borer can with 3wt% phoxim granule add fine sand make bacterium sand impose in lobus cardiacus or 80wt% DDT EC spraying control, corn thrips and two generation mythimna separata 50wt% phoxim, 80wt% dichlorvos or 98wt% Padan soluble powder spraying control, doublely can control small brown rice planthopper, corn leaf aphids and Spilosoma urticae; Fringe phase leaf spot disease initial stage of origination, by this phase leaf spot of 50wt% tpn, 50wt% carbendazim or 70wt% thiophanate methyl spraying control; Corn earworm 90wt% chlorophos crystalloid fluid drip irrigation fruit ear or the control of 20wt% fenpropathrin pungent missible oil drip irrigation fruit ear; Maize aphids 50wt% wards off aphid mist or 10wt% Imidacloprid spraying control; Corn rust is at the initial stage of a disease with 20wt% triazolone or 12.5wt% standing grain fruit profit spraying control.
The present invention has actively useful technique effect:
By taking corresponding fertilizing method (overcoming the technology prejudice that some are traditional) and field planting management method to Wheat Maize Rotation, nutrient requirement characteristics and the demand in two batches of crop anniversaries are not only considered as a whole, change distribution period and the sendout of nutrient, guarantee stable crop yield increases production, also fertilizer application frequency can be simplified largely, save labor cost, promote peasant's increasing both production and income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
On the schematic diagram that affects of wheat grain yield, (in figure, the different upper and lower case letter in same place represents that difference reaches to Fig. 1 different fertilization respectively
p=0.01 He
p=0.05 level, lower same);
Fig. 2 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to wheat mature spike number;
Fig. 3 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to wheat grains per spike;
Fig. 4 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to thousand grain weight of wheat;
Fig. 5 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to wheat dry-matter accumulation;
Fig. 6 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to wheat leaf area index (LAI);
Fig. 7 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to wheat primary growth stage content of soil nitrate-N;
Fig. 8 different fertilization affects schematic diagram to wheat primary growth stage soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
embodiment 1winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizer test
One, wheat quarterly test is tested
(1) experimental scheme
Tested in October, 2012 ~ 2013 year June at Xinxiang, Henan Fengqiu (35.01N, 114.09E), Zhumadian Xiping (33.41N, 114.53E), Wen County, Jiaozhuo (34 ° of 58.3N, 113.16E), Huiji District, Zhengzhou (113.59E, 34.86N) four ground carry out simultaneously, upper season maize straw total crop return.Test is treated to: process 1 wheat and do not apply fertilizer (contrast, CK) time of infertility; (Common compound fertilizer 23-15-7+ period of seedling establishment imposes common urea 150kg/hm to process 2 peasant convention fertilizer treatment
2); Process 3 Common compound fertilizer 23-15-7+ control release ureas and (impose 150kg/hm by the present invention program's period of seedling establishment
2), refer to table 1.In this test, control release urea used (Chinese invention patent 200710302509.1 patentee mandate), composite fertilizer produce by Henan XInlianxin Fertiliser Limited Company, control release urea leaded wastewater 45%.
The process of table 1 wheat field trial
。
(2) cultivation method
Process 1,2,3 cultivation methods all adopt the inventive method, and details are in table 2.
Experimental culture method between the wheat paddock of table 2 different tests place
。
Research finds, adopts jumbo sower to carry out wide cut sowing in Huiji District, Zhengzhou and test site, Wen County, Jiaozhuo, can play plant distribution consistency degree in raising row, reduces Mutual influence, improve mature spike number, finally improve the effect (Fig. 1) of wheat yield;
In the full ripening stage results in Grain Weight in Common Wheat maximum period.
(3) result of the test
The test sample (comprising plant sample, soil sample) of each processing horizontal is conventionally gathered in the breeding time of correspondence, and survey the indexs such as output, species test, collection wheat mature spike number, thousand kernel weight, leaf area index, dry-matter accumulation, water use efficiency, content of soil nitrate-N according to a conventional method, mathematical statistics adopts conventional method to carry out.Correlation test result is see table 3, Fig. 1 to Fig. 8.
1. on the impact of wheat grain yield and yield forming
Fig. 1 shows, with compare, process 2,3 all can improve wheat grain yield, 4 places impose control release urea process output and all impose common urea process higher than routine, and process 3 and process 2 average yields comparatively contrast volume increase 25.9% and 15.3% respectively, process 3 comparatively processes 2 volume increase 9.1%, and between the process of same place, significance test difference reaches 0.05% remarkable or 0.01% pole significance level.
Different tests place there are differences, and as test site, Huiji District, Zhengzhou process 3 is little with process 2 wheat grain yield differences, and other his 3 test sites differ greatly, and significance test reaches difference reaches 0.05% significantly or 0.01% pole significance level.
As seen from Figure 2, consistent with yield result rule, fertilizer treatment all comparatively can contrast the wheat mature spike number of raising 4 test sites.Process 3 wheat mature spike numbers and be all significantly higher than process 2.Different tests place wheat mature spike number there are differences, as higher in test site, Xiping mature spike number main relevant with the high seeding quantity of this point.
Fig. 3 shows, consistent with output, mature spike number result of the test rule, fertilizer treatment all can increase the wheat individual plant grain number per spike of 4 test sites.Except test site, Huiji District, Zhengzhou, process 3 comparatively processes 2 all can improve other 3 test site wheat grains per spikes.
As seen from Figure 4, fertilizer treatment does not make significant difference to raising wheat seed thousand kernel weight, reduces thousand kernel weight on the contrary.In addition, be it can also be seen that by Fig. 4, different tests point wheat seed thousand kernel weight differs greatly, and this is main relevant with climatic and ecological types to different tests place wheat breed hereditary capacity.
2. on the impact of wheat dry-matter accumulation
As shown in Figure 5 (for test site, Huiji District, Zhengzhou), wheat dry matter increases in " S " curve, and jointing-flowering stage, for increase the phase soon, rolls up the demand of moisture and nutrient.Two kinds of urea fertilizer treatment Wintering Period and period of seedling establishment difference very little, increase gradually from shooting stage difference.Blooming-the maturing stage, there is notable difference between two kinds of Urea treatments, composite fertilizer+control release urea process (the present invention) is relatively high in dry-matter accumulation amount in earlier stage of blooming ~ be in the milk.
3. on the impact of wheat leaf area index
Fig. 6 shows, the growth and decline of wheat leaf area are unimodal curve, and flowering stage is the highest, reduces gradually afterwards because of old and feeble.Blooming-be in the milk mid-term, differing greatly between two kinds of Urea treatments, and Wintering Period and period of seedling establishment difference less.From the shooting stage, two kinds of Urea treatment leaf area index are all higher than contrasting not fertilizer treatment, and composite fertilizer+control release urea process (the present invention) leaf area index maintains higher level, and then can produce more amount of dry matter always, composite fertilizer+common urea process is relatively low.
4. different disposal is on the impact of soil water consumption
Table 3 shows, there is larger difference in the water consumption in wheat different bearing stage, between jointing-booting stage, wheat growth is rapid, larger to water demand amount, this stage water consumption is maximum, day water consumption intensity is the highest, and between process, difference is the highest to process 2, this species diversity at sowing-jointing, bloom-be in the milk, be in the milk-stage of ripeness is all like this.Although it is 2 high to adopt process 3 water consumption comparatively to process in booting-stage in flowering stage, between whole breeding time (sowing-ripe), process 2 water consumption higher, process 3 then relatively low.
Output water use efficiency is generally to process 3(the present invention) higher, water use efficiency reaches 14.43kg/hm
2/ mm, and process 2 lower, be 13.62kg/hm
2/ mm.This shows, the water consumption of process 3 is little, and grain yield is higher, thus water use efficiency shows notable difference, achieves water saving and high yield Bi-objective.
Table 3 different disposal is to different bearing stage water consumption (mm) and water use efficiency (kg/hm
2/ mm) impact
。
5. different disposal is on the impact of content of soil nitrate-N and accumulation
As shown in Figure 7, in booting ~ maturing stage, along with the increase of soil depth, 0 ~ 100cm soil layer nitrate nitrogen content reduces gradually, especially processes 2.Also found by Fig. 7, at 0 ~ 100cm soil layer, along with growing process to the maturing stage advance, it is higher that identical soil layer content of soil nitrate-N changes process 3 by process 2 originally into gradually higher than process 3.In booting and flowering stage, the process imposing control release urea is lower at 0 ~ 100cm soil layer nitrate nitrogen content, and between process, difference is maximum at 0 ~ 40cm soil layer.In the watery stage and the maturing stage, process 3 is higher in 0 ~ 100cm soil layer nitrate nitrogen content entirety, especially processes 3 and is significantly higher than process 2 at 40 ~ 100cm soil layer nitrate nitrogen content.This shows, after wheat imposes control release urea jointing ~ flowering stage, nitrogen nutrient rate of release is slow, but continually and steadily, especially in the watery stage, soil nutrient continues powerful supply, provides sufficient supplies for wheat later stage nutrient demand and plant absorb.
Fig. 8 shows, process 3 is lower in booting ~ flowering stage 0 ~ 100cm NO3-N accumulation amount, and show that control release urea nutrients release is slow, the available nutrient discharged during this is relatively less.At Grain Filling, process 3(the present invention) nutrient sustained release, the available nutrient total amount that can be absorbed by wheat root is relatively many, effectively to alleviate the adverse effect that the wheat later stage causes nutrient absorption capability to decline because of aging, increase Nutrient Absorption, promote that seed is well in the milk.
two, corn quarterly test is tested
(1) experimental scheme
Test in 6 ~ September in 2013 above-mentioned wheat season plot carry out simultaneously, i.e. Fengqiu, Xinxiang, Henan (35.01N, 114.09E), Zhumadian Xiping (33.41N, 114.53E), Wen County, Jiaozhuo (34 ° of 58.3N, 113.16E) and ground, Huiji District, Zhengzhou (113.59E, 34.86N) four.
Field trial is divided into BB fertilizer and simple substance urea fertilizer effect two test, carries out large-scale demonstration (every processing area >=1000 ㎡) test simultaneously and carry out field plot (area 2.9m × 7m) comparative trial in Huiji District, Zhengzhou on four ground.
1.BB fertilizer effect is tested, and comprises 4 process:
Traditional habit process 1: common BB fertilizer (30-5-5), consumption 600kg/hm
2, seed manure is with broadcasting, disposable employed; Traditional habit process 2: common BB fertilizer (30-5-5), consumption 375kg/hm
2, seed manure is with broadcasting, and typhon mouth phase (at the beginning of 8 months) per hectare imposes common urea 150kg; Process 3(the present invention): controlled release BB fertilizer (30-5-5), consumption 600kg/hm
2, seed manure is with broadcasting, disposable employed; Process 4: controlled release BB fertilizer (30-5-5), consumption 375kg, seed manure is with broadcasting, and typhon mouth phase (at the beginning of 8 months) per hectare imposes common urea 150kg
.
2. simple substance urea effect test, comprises 4 process:
Traditional habit process 1:5 ~ 7 leaf phase (i.e. shooting stage, about 10 days July) per hectare is topdressed common urea 300kg, and typhon mouth phase (at the beginning of 8 months) per hectare imposes common urea 150kg; Process 2(the present invention): before sowing, per hectare executes 450kg control release urea, and seed manure is with broadcasting, disposable employed; Process 3:5 ~ 7 leaf phase (i.e. shooting stage, about 10 days July) per hectare is topdressed 300kg control release urea, the typhon mouth phase (at the beginning of 8 months) often per hectare impose common urea 150kg; Process 4:5 ~ 7 leaf phase (i.e. shooting stage, about 10 days July) per hectare is topdressed 300kg control release urea, and typhon mouth phase (at the beginning of 8 months) per hectare imposes control release urea 150kg.P executed by the equal base of each process
2o
5150kg/hm
2, K
2o90kg/hm
2;
In this test, control release urea used (Chinese invention patent 200710302509.1 patentee mandate), fertile, the common BB fertilizer of controlled release BB are produced by Henan XInlianxin Fertiliser Limited Company, control release urea leaded wastewater 45%.
Cultivation method: after a upper harvest wheat mechanical harvest returning total stalks into fields, wholely, mechanical no-tillage and cover, seed manure need, by the row replacement of fertilizer machinery in seed side-lower 6 ~ 10cm depths, prevent from burning seedling with broadcasting method sowing this season summer corn stump.In this test, all select state to examine corn variety Zheng Dan 958 for supplying examination Summer Corn Varieties, all employing waits line-spacing sowing (line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, density 6.7 ten thousand/hm
2left and right).
(2) result of the test
Conventionally gather the test sample of each processing horizontal in the breeding time of correspondence, and survey the indexs such as grain yield, species test, collection spike number, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight according to a conventional method, mathematical statistics adopts conventional method to carry out.Correlation test result see table 4 to table 6.
1. four place large-scale demonstration result of the tests
Table 4 different disposal field trial demonstration yield result (unit: kg/hm
2)
Table 4 shows, under equivalent nutrient supply prerequisite, no matter use the fertile or simple substance control release urea process yield of Summer Corn of controlled release BB all higher than using Common compound fertilizer or the process of simple substance common urea, and it is the highest to be disposable employed controlled release BB fertilizer corn yield 4 test sites.
2. results of field plot
(1) the fertile comparative test of the fertile and common BB of controlled release BB
The fertile corn yield of the fertile and common BB of table 5 controlled release BB and yield forming compare
As can be seen from Table 5, no matter be disposable employed controlled release BB fertilizer or split application, summer corn grain yield is all significantly higher than the process of disposable employed common BB fertilizer, and split application process grain yield and disposable employed controlled release BB fertilizer do not reach the significance level of difference between processing.Therefore, consider that Rural Areas at Present labour causes the factors such as labor cost increase to city transfer, the process of disposable employed controlled release BB fertilizer is adopted to be a kind of simplification fertilization mode being relatively suitable for current corn season, cost-effective, there is the value that large-scale demonstration is applied.
(2) control release urea and common urea comparative test result
Table 6 control release urea compares with common urea corn yield and yield forming
As can be seen from Table 6, under corn equivalent in time of infertility nitrogenous fertilizer supply situation, the process of split application control release urea and disposable employed control release urea process summer corn grain yield all comparatively traditional habit (shooting stage and typhon mouth phase impose common urea twice) to process output high.
Result of the test shows, using control release urea can by improving the spike number of summer corn, grain number per spike and 100-grain weight Isoquant constituent element and then improving summer corn grain yield, finally can play to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the effect that Total Nitrogen pollutes and increase farmers' income.
Between above-mentioned double-crop field, planting experiment research shows:
At wheat growing season, 4 test sites impose control release urea and comparatively impose common urea and be conducive to increasing wheat dry-matter accumulation, improve leaf area index, increase the accumulation of wheat late growth stage (after flowering stage) soil nitrogen, and then can wheat grain yield be improved, control release urea and common urea process average yield comparatively contrast and increase production 25.9% and 15.3% respectively, and control release urea is common urea volume increase more than 9.1% comparatively.Output water use efficiency is higher with processing method of the present invention generally.This result of the test and the follow-up study of long-term many seasons show, adopt the water consumption of process of the present invention little, and grain yield is higher, thus water use efficiency show notable difference, achieve water saving and high yield Bi-objective.
In corn growth season, under equivalent nutrient supply prerequisite, no matter 4 test sites use controlled-release compound fertilizer or simple substance control release urea process yield of Summer Corn all higher than using Common compound fertilizer or the process of simple substance common urea, and it is the highest to be fertile corn (the present invention) output of disposable employed controlled release BB 4 test sites.
Long-term experimental study also finds, under corn equivalent in time of infertility nitrogenous fertilizer supply situation, all comparatively traditional habit process output is high for the process of split application control release urea and disposable employed control release urea process summer corn grain yield.By finding the analysis of yield of Summer Corn constituent element further, using control release urea process summer corn grain yield and processing higher than other, be mainly to impose the output comprehensive effect that control release urea improves the generation of spike number, grain number per spike and 100-grain weight three elements.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and those skilled in the art also can make multiple change accordingly, but to be anyly equal to the present invention or similar change all should be encompassed in the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) wheat planting season
(1) sowing executed by base: behind smooth field, and compound/mixed fertilizer executed by base, and amount of application is 600-750kg/hm
2, described compound/mixed fertile N-P
2o
5-K
2o nutrient content ratio is 23-15-7; Choose wheat breed, adopt jumbo sower sowing, multi-spike-type seeding quantity 150 ~ 180kg/hm
2, large spike seeding quantity 210 ~ 240kg/hm
2, and sowing line-spacing is reduced in more traditional type of seeding, average row distance is 16 ~ 20cm;
(2) period of seedling establishment topdresses: impose control release urea 150 ~ 225kg/hm at wheat period of seedling establishment
2;
(3) gather in the crops: in the full ripening stage results in Grain Weight in Common Wheat maximum period;
(2) corn planting season
(1) sowing executed by base: after harvesting wheat, and wholely, mechanical no-tillage and cover, choose corn variety with seed manure with broadcasting method sowing, seeding quantity is to reach 6 ~ 90,000 strains/hm for stump
2planting density be as the criterion, fertilizer used is control release urea 450 ~ 600kg/hm
2+ P
2o
590 ~ 225kg/hm
2+ K
2o90 ~ 150kg/hm
2, or be controlled release BB fertilizer 550 ~ 750kg/hm
2, its N-P
2o
5-K
2o nutrient content ratio is 30-5-5; Fertilizer base is executed in seed side-lower 6 ~ 10cm depths, prevents from burning seedling;
(2) gather in the crops: gather in the crops after corn kernel milk-line disappears.
2. Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control release urea N content 44 ~ 46wt%.
3. Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: selected wheat breed is at least one in short anti-58, all wheats 22 of hundred agricultures, all wheats 18, Henan agriculture 202, Henan wheat 49-198, Zheng wheat 7698, many wheats No. 1; Selected corn variety is Zheng Dan 958, first beautiful 335, dredges single 20, at least one of stepping in sea 605, calabash shell serving as a dipper jade 35, Henan single 919.
4. Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described wheat or maize straw are gathered in the crops, straw-returning plot deep ploughing 25cm; Stalk does not go back field block, suppresses target in fact after rotary tillage, and optimum period fits moisture in the soil sowing.
5. Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System high-yield culturing fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carry out disease pest and weed integrated control as follows in corn planting season:
The corn seeding phase mainly prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, smut, seedling blight, presses the 0.1-0.2% seed dressing of seed weight with 2wt% Likeming Gel, or 0.2% seed dressing of seed weight pressed by 50wt% carbendazim; Control soil insect 40wt% Isofenphos methyl presses 0.2% seed dressing of seed weight; Before sprouting after corn seeding, spray with 50wt% acetochlor ec or 40wt% Yiyoushui and carry out chemical weed control; With the happy colloidal suspending agent cauline leaf spraying of the beautiful agriculture of 4wt% after emerging, or with 20wt% Kirchhoff integral aqua, at maize seedling up to directed spraying control weeds in field during 25 ~ 35cm; Seedling stage prevents and treats small brown rice planthopper with the spraying of 10wt% Imidacloprid; The typhon mouth phase, corn borer with 3wt% phoxim granule add fine sand make bacterium sand impose in lobus cardiacus or 80wt% DDT EC spraying control, corn thrips and two generation mythimna separata 50wt% phoxim, 80wt% dichlorvos or 98wt% Padan soluble powder spraying control, doublely can control small brown rice planthopper, corn leaf aphids and Spilosoma urticae; Fringe phase leaf spot disease initial stage of origination, by this phase leaf spot of 50wt% tpn, 50wt% carbendazim or 70wt% thiophanate methyl spraying control; Corn earworm 90wt% chlorophos crystalloid fluid drip irrigation fruit ear or the control of 20wt% fenpropathrin pungent missible oil drip irrigation fruit ear; Maize aphids 50wt% wards off aphid mist or 10wt% Imidacloprid spraying control; Corn rust is at the initial stage of a disease with 20wt% triazolone or 12.5wt% standing grain fruit profit spraying control.
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