CN105453860A - Wheat and corn intensive cultivation method - Google Patents
Wheat and corn intensive cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453860A CN105453860A CN201510435249.XA CN201510435249A CN105453860A CN 105453860 A CN105453860 A CN 105453860A CN 201510435249 A CN201510435249 A CN 201510435249A CN 105453860 A CN105453860 A CN 105453860A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheat and corn intensity cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. In the method, wheat is broadcast in wide span; preserved width gaps are used for corn broadcasting belts, so corn line distance can be enlarged during the broadcast and single plant nutrition area of wheat can be increased; corn light quantity can be improved and output can be increased; the wheat land is tidied before broadcast; a rotary tillage layered fertilizer applying machine is employed during land flattening, so slow release fertilizer can be applied according to layers; later period dressing can be avoided; corn broadcast, fertilizer application and seedling fixation are integrally operated via an equal-line distance seed-fertilizer integral precision seeder, so less time and efforts are required; later period dressing can be unnecessary after slow-release fertilizer is applied; the wheat and corns can be harvested respectively by a specific harvesting machine and a harvester; the whole process from land flattening to harvest of wheat and corns can be operated in a mechanical way; wheat and corn output can be increased; less time and efforts are required; and agricultural production standardization can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop-planting technical field, be specifically related to a grow wheat, corn intensive cultivating method.
Background technology
Grain is the important goods being related to national economy, is the basis of relation economic development, social stability and ability for the nation to stand on its own, ensures that national food security is the cardinal task of administering state affairs well and ensure national security all the time.Current whole world grain is in short supply, improve the hot topic that grain yield has become the whole mankind jointly to pay close attention to, but, because the restraining factors such as population increase, soil minimizing, the quickening of urbanization process of industrialization, water and soil resources and weather make the difficulty of Continued Increasing Grain Yield strengthen, wheat and maize is the staple food crop of China, how to utilize existing land resources to become the major subjects of China's agricultural development to the per unit area yield increasing substantially wheat and maize.
Current China Winter Wheat Area and yield of Summer Corn in the past 10 years output stagnation, hover for about the general 450-500 of wheat per mu yield kilogram, the general per mu yield 500-600 kilogram of yield of Summer Corn hovers, affect wheat, corn yield mainly contains the following aspects reason: (one), wheat planting unfavorable factor: traditional planting models, drill spacing variation, unreasonable, there is no More General Form, not easily increase density, the soil fertility of northern China and natural climate condition, wheat per mu yield is made to possess 750-800 kilogram, existing cropping pattern does not make full use of the natural resources, the domestic typical statistic of high yield in recent years, wheat cultivation line-spacing is from 40 to 15 centimeters of scopes, the narrower output of line-spacing is higher, no matter 40 centimeters are waited line-spacings or to three close one rare (40 cm x 20 cm x 20 centimetres), four or eight ridges (line-spacing 4 cun × 8 cun), 20 centimetres are waited line-spacing, the line-spacing that reduces arriving the line-spacings such as line-spacing 15 centimeters afterwards expands strain number, increase density process, often reduce 10 centimetres of line-spacing yield of wheat according to statistics and improve 50-100 kilogram, planting patterns reform can increase substantially per unit area yield under the prerequisite of not increasing input, current China winter wheat growing area neither one standardized planting pattern, (2), corn affects output following reason: one is that density is inadequate, and every mu of general 3500-4500 strain, can not give full play to existing soil fertility and weather conditions, two is that extensive management plantation form is unreasonable, three is that Term Fertilization is unreasonable, and high-yield field not enough N P and K proportioning of applying fertilizer is unreasonable, and fertilizer variety is many, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low.Domestic summer corn natural conditions, seed, weather, soil fertility possess 900-950 kilogram of condition, and present cropping pattern does not make full use of the natural resources, the cultivation mode that neither one is complete; (3), traditional wheat, corn planting method be wide in variety, random, assorted, and compact resistance to close type is on the low side, is difficult to play wheat, maize yield potential, can not make full use of wheat, the light of corn, gas, thermal resource.Wheat, corn seeding machinery is outmoded aging, causes wheat line-spacing unreasonable, increases density refractory, and make corn planting be short of seedling disconnected ridge phenomenon seriously in first crop wheat plantation lack of standardization form, traditional planting models operation loaded down with trivial details being difficult to boosts productivity.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, the plantation fabric width of wheat is increased, and using range as corn planting belt, the line-spacing of corn increases, spacing in the rows shortens, density increases, the Nutrient area per plant of wheat increases, the plantation of wheat and maize adopts mechanization, and time saving and energy saving, the output of wheat and maize is significantly increased.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
One grow wheat, corn intensive cultivating method, this method is that the crop rotation of wheat and corn is planted, method step comprise carry out successively wheat planting, wheat plant protection and harvesting and corn planting, corn plant protection and results, key point is, described wheat planting and corn planting comprise the following steps:
A, wheat planting
A1, wheat are chosen seeds: choose wheat seed as required;
A2, whole: to adopt wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine to carry out rotary tillage and layer by layer manuring, a coating sustained-released fertile bottom application;
A3, wheat cultivation: adopt the even machine of broadcasting of Wheat wide to carry out wheat cultivation, sown scope 45cm, adopt 20-25 centimetre to wait line-spacing sowing between every sown scope wheat;
B, corn planting
B1, corn are chosen seeds: choose corn seed as required;
B2, corn seeding: the line-spacing seed manure such as employing one precision sower carries out corn seeding, fertilising and final singling, between per sown scope, the line-spacing such as 20-25cm is used for seeding corn, so the line-spacing of corn is the line-spacings such as 65-70cm.
In described steps A 2, the consumption of coating sustained-released fertilizer is every mu of ground 40-60 kilogram, and in coating sustained-released fertilizer, N, P, K content ratio is 3:2:3.
In described steps A 3, wheat spacing in the rows is 1.5-3.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 12.5-15kg.
In described step B2, to be spacing in the rows the be every cave single-seed drilling of 17-19 centimetre of corn seeding mode, every mu with corn seed 4500-5000 grain, during fertilising, every mu of ground with machinery whole apply 40-60 kilogram of slow-release fertilizer, in slow-release fertilizer, N, P, K content ratio is 3:1:3.
Described corn plant protection step comprises when corn growth is to 7-10 leaf, and every mu sprays 25-35 milliliter chemical control agent step.
Described wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine comprises frame (1013) and the fertilizer of broadcasting be arranged in frame (1013) struggles against (101), rotary plow (104), broadcast in fertile bucket (101) to be provided with and broadcast fertile axle, broadcast fertile axle be provided with broadcast fertile bucket chain wheel (102), frame front end is connected with the first ground roll (106) by ground roll connecting rod (109), the axle of the first ground roll (106) is provided with the first ground roll sprocket wheel (107), first ground roll sprocket wheel (107) with broadcast fertile bucket chain and take turns (102) and the double chain wheel (105) that is arranged on frame (1013) bottom is in transmission connection, double chain wheel (105) comprises co-axially fixed two sprocket wheels varied in size, broadcast fertile bucket (101) bottom be connected be no less than one broadcast fertile pipe (1014), all fertilizer pipe (1014) of broadcasting is arranged in a row interval, arrangement width and the wheat sown scope of broadcasting fertile pipe (1014) adapt, described frame is also provided with fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount (1010), fertilizer retaining plate (1011) is arranged on fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount (1010), described fertilizer pipe (1014) exit of broadcasting is fixed on above fertilizer retaining plate (1011) side by broadcasting fertile tube fixing device (1012).
The even machine of broadcasting of described Wheat wide comprises bracing frame (203) and is arranged on the sowing storehouse (201) on bracing frame (203), sowing storehouse (201) bottom is provided with broadcasts seed box (2014), broadcast in seed box (2014) and be provided with sowing shaft (2015), sowing shaft (2015) is provided with sowing sprocket wheel (2013), bracing frame (203) is also provided with the second ground roll (208), the axle of the second ground roll (208) is provided with the second ground roll sprocket wheel (209), second ground roll sprocket wheel (209) is in transmission connection with sowing sprocket wheel (2013), guide shaft sprocket wheel (206) is provided with between second ground roll sprocket wheel (209) and sowing sprocket wheel (2013), broadcast seed box (2014) to connect at least two groups respectively engrave leg plough by broadcasting seed flexible pipe (2012), described often group between plough leaves spacing distance, described often group is engraved leg plough and is comprised at least three and engrave leg plough (205), often group engrave in leg plough engrave leg plough (205) arrangement width and sown scope width adapt.
Described leg plough (205) of engraving comprises dead lever (2055), seeding tube (2051) is arranged on dead lever (2055), described seeding tube (2051) one end with broadcast seed flexible pipe (2012) and be connected, the other end connects plough (2054), described seeding tube (2012) and plough (2054) connect that the opening part of one end is corresponding is provided with seed distributor (2052), seed distributor (2052) is spherical in half, seed distributor (2052) front side is arranged at intervals with breast boards (2053), described spacing distance can make seed pass through, before and after ground roll (208), both sides are respectively equipped with front scrapping plate (207) and rear scraper plate 2010, described front scrapping plate (207) and rear scraper plate (2010) are fixed on ground roll support (2011), wherein front scrapping plate (207) and the distance of ground roll (208) are greater than the distance of rear scraper plate (2010) and ground roll (208).
The described line-spacing seed manure one precision sower that waits comprises body (302) and is arranged on the running wheel (308) of body (302) rear end, described body (302) is also provided with the seeding apparatus of more than at least four, and the widespread device (303) that be no less than one that arrange corresponding to seeding apparatus, interval is provided with between every platform seeding apparatus, the line-spacing of spacing distance and sowing adapts, the axle of running wheel (308) is provided with wheel sprocket (309), described wheel sprocket (309) is in transmission connection seeding apparatus and widespread device (303), described seeding apparatus comprises sowing bucket (3012) and broadcasts seed device (306), described seed device (306) of broadcasting is placed in sowing bucket (3012) below and connects setting, the seeder sprocket wheel (3014) of described sowing bucket (3012) and the seed device sprocket wheel (307) of broadcasting broadcasting seed device (306) are all in transmission connection with wheel sprocket (309), described widespread device (303) comprises broadcasts fertile bucket (301), describedly broadcast fertile bucket (301) bottom and be connected with and broadcast fertile pipe (305), widespread device sprocket wheel and the wheel sprocket (309) of described widespread device (303) are in transmission connection.
Described wheat plant protection is adopt self-propelled spraying machine and travelling irrigation carry out pesticide spraying respectively and irrigate watering in 20-25 centimetre of line-spacing between wheat sown scope.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the cropping pattern that the present invention adopts, relate generally to wheat and Corn Rotation System is planted, Wheat wide is sowed, and the growth belt of reserved corn, so not only be conducive to the uniform broadcasting of wheat, and expand Nutrient area per plant, corn seed is at the empty aerial of reserved wider range, corn growth environmental friendliness, functional leaf light income increases, and can promote the lifting of output, this cropping pattern has unified the Planting Row Distance of wheat and corn, improve crop per mu yield, adopt mechanized operation to provide environmental basis to wheat and corn plantation, wheat site preparation and fertilization adopts wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring all-in-one to carry out, both time saving and energy saving, again can by coating sustained-released fertilizer well layering apply, coating sustained-released fertilizer can in the generation effect respectively of each growth period of crop, later stage is without the need to topdressing again, and the corn planting belt that wheat is reserved can provide moving conduit for agricultural machinery, the bad waste caused is ground by agricultural machinery after avoiding wheat cultivation, the wide cut that wheat adopts is even broadcast that machine carries out wheat planting and corn planting belt adopt wait line-spacing seed manure integrally precision sower, for this cropping pattern provides the planting machinery adapted, improve operating efficiency, plantation form during Wheat and maize rotation not only unified by this cropping pattern and the plantation matched and rotary tillage ferti machinery, enhance the versatility of agricultural machinery, avoid agricultural machinery and agricultural planting form and do not mate the high shortcoming of the agricultural machinery use cost that causes, the per mu yield of corn wheat is improved, add the agricultural incomes of peasant, and the amount of labour reduces greatly in agricultural production, can agricultural workforce be liberated, start second career for local farmers and provide guarantee.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of wheat in the present invention, cultivating method of crop.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the even structural representation broadcasting machine of Wheat wide in the present invention.
To be that Wheat wide is even broadcast in machine the structural representation sowed storehouse He broadcast seed box to Fig. 4.
To be that Wheat wide is even broadcast in machine the structural representation engraving leg plough to Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the present invention's medium line-spacing seed manure one precision sower.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of wheat in the embodiment of the present invention, corn planting pattern.
In accompanying drawing, 101, broadcast fertile bucket, 102, broadcast fertile bucket chain wheel, 103, second chain, 104, rotary plow, 105, double chain wheel, 106, first ground roll, 107, first ground roll sprocket wheel, 108, first chain, 109, ground roll connecting rod, 1010, fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount, 1011, fertilizer retaining plate, 1012, broadcast fertile tube fixing device, 1013, frame, 1014, broadcast fertile pipe, 201, sowing storehouse, 202, upper holder, 203, bracing frame, 204, lower fixed frame, 205, engrave leg plough, 206, guide shaft sprocket wheel, 207, front scrapping plate, 208, second ground roll, 209, second ground roll sprocket wheel, 2010, rear scraper plate, 2011, ground roll support, 2012, broadcast seed flexible pipe, 2013, sowing sprocket wheel, 2014, broadcast seed box, 2015, sowing shaft, 2051, seeding tube, 2052, seed distributor, 2053, breast boards, 2054, plough, 2055, dead lever, 301, broadcast fertile bucket, 302, body, 303, widespread device, 304, colter, 305, broadcast fertile pipe, 306, broadcast seed device, 307, broadcast seed device sprocket wheel, 308, running wheel, 309, wheel sprocket, 3010, wheel stand, 3011, damper, 3012, sowing bucket, 3013, sowing pipe, 3014, seeder sprocket wheel, 3015, guide shaft, 3016, first sprocket wheel, 3017, 3rd sprocket wheel, 3018, second sprocket wheel, 3019, adjustment handle.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a grow wheat, corn intensive cultivating method, this method is that the crop rotation of wheat and corn is planted, comprise carry out successively wheat planting, wheat plant protection and harvesting and corn planting, corn plant protection and results, specific embodiment is as follows:
After carrying out reaping corn annual October, carry out the plantation of wheat, after Second Year little wheat harvesting in June, carry out the plantation of corn, described wheat planting and corn planting comprise the following steps:
A, wheat planting
A1, wheat are chosen seeds: choose wheat seed as required, wheat selects plant type compact, plant height about 75cm, degeneration-resistant anti-fall high-quality wheat variety, and selected large granule is consistent, the fine work seed of germination rate more than 95%;
A2, whole: to adopt wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine to carry out rotary tillage and layer by layer manuring, a coating sustained-released fertile bottom application, during wheat fertilizing, every mu of ground with machinery whole apply 50 kilograms of coating sustained-released fertilizer, in coating sustained-released fertilizer, N, P, K content ratio is 3:2:3, described wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine comprises frame 1013 and the fertilizer of broadcasting be arranged in frame 1013 struggles against 101, rotary plow 104, broadcast in fertile bucket 101 to be provided with and broadcast fertile axle, broadcast fertile axle be provided with broadcast fertile bucket chain wheel 102, frame front end is connected with the first ground roll 106 by ground roll connecting rod 109, the axle of the first ground roll 106 is provided with the first ground roll sprocket wheel 107, first ground roll sprocket wheel 107 with broadcast fertile bucket chain and take turns 102 and be in transmission connection respectively by the first chain 108 and the second chain 103 and the double chain wheel 105 that is arranged on frame 1013 bottom, double chain wheel 105 comprises co-axially fixed two sprocket wheels varied in size, broadcast to be connected with bottom fertile bucket 101 be no less than one broadcast fertile pipe 1014, all fertile pipes 1014 of broadcasting are arranged in a row interval, arrangement width and the wheat sown scope of broadcasting fertile pipe 1014 adapt, described frame is also provided with fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount 1010, fertilizer retaining plate 1011 is arranged on fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount 1010, describedly broadcast fertile pipe 1014 exit and be fixed on above fertilizer retaining plate 1011 side by broadcasting fertile tube fixing device 1012, fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount 1010 is provided with the chute of strip, fertilizer retaining plate 1011 can slide setting in chute, this fertilizer distributor can be installed on tractor, moved ahead by tractor and draw, first ground roll 106 is rotated, thus drive and broadcast fertile axle and rotate with the first ground roll sprocket wheel 107 and carry out broadcasting fertile work, rotary plow 104 carries out rotary tillage process, this machinery can adjust according to seed sown scope the arrangement width broadcasting fertile pipe 1014 in use, thus reach want broadcast fertile width,
A3, wheat cultivation: adopt the even machine of broadcasting of Wheat wide to carry out wheat cultivation, sown scope 45cm, adopt 25 centimetres to wait line-spacing sowing between every sown scope wheat, during wheat cultivation, spacing in the rows is 1.5-3.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 12.5-15kg, the even machine of broadcasting of described Wheat wide comprises bracing frame 203 and is arranged on the sowing storehouse 201 on bracing frame 203, be provided with bottom sowing storehouse 201 and broadcast seed box 2014, broadcast in seed box 2014 and be provided with sowing shaft 2015, sowing shaft 2015 is provided with sowing sprocket wheel 2013, bracing frame 203 is also provided with the second ground roll 208, the axle of the second ground roll 208 is provided with the second ground roll sprocket wheel 209, second ground roll sprocket wheel 209 is in transmission connection with sowing sprocket wheel 2013, guide shaft sprocket wheel 206 is provided with between second ground roll sprocket wheel 209 and sowing sprocket wheel 2013, broadcast seed box 2014 to connect at least two groups respectively engrave leg plough by broadcasting seed flexible pipe 2012, described often group between plough leaves spacing distance, described often group is engraved leg plough and is comprised at least three and engrave leg plough 205, arrange width and the sown scope width of leg plough 205 of engraving that often group is engraved in leg plough adapts, described leg plough 205 of engraving comprises dead lever 2055, seeding tube 2051 is arranged on dead lever 2055, described seeding tube 2051 one end with broadcast seed flexible pipe 2012 and be connected, the other end connects plough 2054, described seeding tube 2012 and plough 2054 connect that the opening part of one end is corresponding is provided with seed distributor 2052, seed distributor 2052 is spherical in half, breast boards 2053 is arranged at intervals with on front side of seed distributor 2052, described spacing distance can make seed pass through, reach raising single width to broadcast sowing width and broadcast sowing uniform effect, plough 2054 material is to adopt high strength cold-rolled plate, before and after second ground roll 208, both sides are respectively equipped with front scrapping plate 207 and rear scraper plate 2010, described front scrapping plate 207 and rear scraper plate 2010 are fixed on ground roll support 2011, wherein the distance of front scrapping plate 207 and the second ground roll 208 is greater than the distance of rear scraper plate 2010 and the second ground roll 208,
The feature of described ground roll support 2011 is to be connected to ground roll and front scrapping plate, rear scraper plate simultaneously, greatly save space, improve utilization ratio, forward and backward scraper plate mal-distribution, thus increase the space of front scrapping plate 207, strengthen the width of front scrapping plate 207 as far as possible and do not collide with the second ground roll 208; This even transmission system broadcasting machine all adopts sprocket wheel chain transmission mode, its power spreads out of through guide shaft sprocket wheel 206 by the second ground roll sprocket wheel 209, be delivered to sowing sprocket wheel 2013, sowing sprocket wheel 2013 drives sowing shaft 2015 to rotate, sowing shaft 2015 drives the seed wheel of broadcasting broadcast in seed box 2014 to rotate, thus make seed enter seeding tube 2051 from sowing bucket 201 by broadcasting seed flexible pipe 2012, by the peptizaiton of distributor 2052, thus reach the object of uniform broadcasting; Engrave leg plough 205 to be arranged according to the requirement of cropping pattern on the crossbeam of bracing frame 203, support frame as described above 203 arranges crossbeam more, can arrange that many rows engrave leg plough 205, the double arrangement in past is changed into and arranges arrangement more, this bracing frame 203 can also according to the watt level of farm machine, suitable lengthening broadening, thus layout more engraves leg plough 205, thus increase work efficiency;
B, corn planting
B1, corn choose seeds: choose corn seed as required, compact corn variety selected by corn, plant height at about 250cm, fringe position 100-120cm, degeneration-resistant anti-fall, and elite corn rod granule broad in the middle consistent, the seed of germination rate more than 95%;
B2, corn seeding: the line-spacing seed manure one precision sowers such as employing carry out corn seeding, fertilising and final singling, between per sown scope, the line-spacing such as 25cm is used for seeding corn, single-seed drilling mode is adopted to sow, adopt the line-spacing sowings such as 70cm, corn every cave single-seed drilling spacing in the rows is 17-19 centimetre, every mu with corn variety 5000, during corn fertilizing, every mu of ground with machinery whole apply 50 kilograms of slow-release fertilizers, in slow-release fertilizer, N, P, K content ratio is 3:1:3, comprise body 302 Deng line-spacing seed manure one precision sower and be arranged on the running wheel 308 of body 302 rear end, described body 302 is also provided with the seeding apparatus of more than at least four, and the widespread device 303 that be no less than one that arrange corresponding to seeding apparatus, interval is provided with between every platform seeding apparatus, the line-spacing of spacing distance and sowing adapts, the axle of running wheel 308 is provided with wheel sprocket 309, described wheel sprocket 309 is in transmission connection seeding apparatus and widespread device 303, described seeding apparatus comprises sowing bucket 3012 and broadcasts seed device 306, described seed device 306 of broadcasting to be placed in below sowing bucket 3012 and to connect and arranges, the seeder sprocket wheel 3014 of described sowing bucket 3012 is all in transmission connection with wheel sprocket 309 with the seed device sprocket wheel 307 of broadcasting broadcasting seed device 306, described seed device sprocket wheel 307 of broadcasting is located on guide shaft 3015, described guide shaft 3015 is also provided with the first sprocket wheel 3016, second sprocket wheel 3018, second sprocket wheel 3018 connects the 3rd sprocket wheel 3017, 3rd sprocket wheel 3017 is coaxial with seeder sprocket wheel 3014, widespread device 303 comprises broadcasts fertile bucket 301, described broadcast to be connected with bottom fertile bucket 301 broadcast fertile pipe 305, widespread device sprocket wheel and the wheel sprocket 309 of widespread device 303 are in transmission connection, broadcast seed device 306 and there is adjustment handle 3019, running wheel 308 is connected with body 302 by wheel stand 3010, described wheel stand 3010 is provided with damper 3011, colter 304 is equipped with on front side of the exit broadcasting fertile pipe 305 and sowing pipe 3013.
When corn seeding, this sower farm tractor draws, running wheel 308 rotating band motor car wheel sprocket wheel 309, thus provide power for the seeding apparatus that is in transmission connection with wheel sprocket 309 and widespread device 303, power is transferred to the first sprocket wheel 3016 by guide shaft 3015 by wheel sprocket 309 respectively, second sprocket wheel 3018 and broadcast seed device sprocket wheel 307, first sprocket wheel 3016 by power transmission to fertilizer applicator, second sprocket wheel 3018 by power transmission to the 3rd sprocket wheel 3017, 3rd sprocket wheel 3017 drives seeder sprocket wheel 3014 to move, broadcast seed device sprocket wheel 307 to drive and broadcast seed device 306 and carry out seeding and broadcast seed, seeder sprocket wheel 3014 drives seeder to carry out seeding operation, when running wheel 308 is walked, colter 304 carries out plowing operation, for the sowing of seeding apparatus and the broadcast application operation of widespread device 303 provide activity bases, adjustment handle 3019 can adjust broadcasts seed frequency can carry out adaptability adjustment to broadcasting seed at any time.
In above-mentioned steps, enter the wheat plant protection stage after wheat planting, wheat plant protection adopts in 25 centimetres of line-spacings between wheat sown scope and adopts self-propelled spraying machine and travelling irrigation to carry out pesticide spraying and sprinkling irrigation watering respectively; The corn plant protection stage is except carrying out mechanical pesticide spraying and machinery sprinkling irrigation, when corn growth is to 7-10 leaf, adopt self-propelled spraying machine to spray 25-35 milliliter chemical control agent to every mu of corn, make corn become controllable growth from self-sow, ensure that corncob is larger more nutritious.
According to Fig. 8, the sown scope of 45 centimeters sows wheat seed, after wheat cultivation, utilize the range of 25 centimeters for travelling irrigation, self-propelled Insecticide sprayer and wheat harvester provide track route, the situation rolling wheat can not be produced, and travelling irrigation, the model of self-propelled Insecticide sprayer and wheat harvester can well be unified respectively, the setting up cost of agricultural machinery decreases, after little wheat harvesting, the range of 25 centimeters carries out the sowing of corn, the line-spacing of corn reaches 70 centimeters, the line-spacing of 70 centimeters can be travelling irrigation, self-propelled Insecticide sprayer and corn picker provide track route, solve the difficult point that travelling irrigation and Insecticide sprayer roll corn and can not apply in corn field, wheat, the plantation of corn, management achieves omnidistance mechanization, and cropping pattern and agricultural machinery realize highly fusion.
The wheat cultivation that the present invention adopts is by close for conventional wheat narrow row seeding two one rare (4+8 cun), three is close one rare, the form of the line-spacings such as 15cm changes that wide cut is even to be broadcast into, wheat planting fabric width is 45cm, range is 25cm, wheat seeds uniform broadcasting, expand the standing area of individual plant, and every mu of wheat adds seeding quantity, increase mu spike number, wheat ontogeny is good, bar is strengthened, anti-fall, fringe is large, grain is large, reduce surface water evaporation, suppress weeds secondary, the range of wheat when planting is reserved corn planting belt, sow in the 25cm range that corn is reserved when wheat planting, line-spacing can increase to about 70cm compared to prior art, and corn every cave single-seed drilling spacing in the rows is 17-19cm, every mu with corn variety 5000, shorten spacing in the rows, add thickness of sowing, corn growth environmental friendliness, leaf light income increases, the increase of corn yield can be promoted, corn is when leaf grows to 7-10 sheet, can by spraying the control that chemical control agent carries out growing, thus increase the amount of growth of corn ear, the present invention has unified plantation form during Wheat and maize rotation, reduce plantation difficulty, improve the per mu yield of wheat and corn, simultaneously for the generalization of the plantation of large-scale standardized mechanized farming and agricultural machinery provides the foundation.
The mode of wheat fertilizing adopts wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine to apply fertilizer when whole ground, owing to have employed slow-release fertilizer, apply fertilizer in rotary tillage limit, limit, not only time saving and energy saving, and also once complete in the layer by layer manuring of rotary tillage upper, middle and lower, the effect of slow-release fertilizer can be carried out, without the need to topdressing in the later stage respectively in each stage of crop; Corn the line-spacing seed manure one precision sower such as to adopt carry out sowing at seeding time, applies fertilizer, the operation of final singling, without the need to applying fertilizer prior to seeding, slow-release fertilizer is adopted due to during fertilising, also without the need to topdressing in the later stage, and the distance that interval between the seeding apparatus of this sower and corn seeding are reserved between range center at wheat adapts, and matches with the cultivation method in the present invention.
The wheat and corn integrated cultivation method related in the present invention, unify the multiple plantation form existed in existing cropping pattern, and wheat planting is improved to wide cut sowing, corn planting is improved to wide row space sowing, and it is corresponding before and after the plantation form of wheat and maize, this pattern adds the per mu yield of wheat and corn, add the agricultural income of peasant, and in this mode, the standardization of agricultural machinery have also been obtained raising, agricultural machinery used in this invention matches with this cropping pattern, improve the operating efficiency of the agricultural planting under this pattern, significantly reduce the amount of labour, liberate agricultural workforce, the automatic and mechanical degree of agricultural planting increases substantially, the use of agricultural machinery is more general, cost also decreases, this also can increase the enthusiasm of people for agricultural production, for extensive agricultural planting provides method basis and Equipment Foundations.
Table 1
Output=every mu of spike number × number of grain per ear × thousand kernel weight × 85% of every mu of wheat, according to shown in table 1, the output of wide cut wheat even sowing time every mu is 547.69 kilograms, and the per mu yield of wheat is 478.60 kilograms when adopting the line-spacings such as 15cm of the prior art to plant, even the broadcasting of wide cut sows every mu of volume increase 69.09 kilograms than line-spacings such as traditional 15cm, rate of growth is 14.44%, and this just illustrates that the even broadcast mode of wide cut of wheat planting employing in the present invention is clearly for the effect of increasing production of wheat.
The present invention is compared to six great changes of existing wheat, the ripe crop rotation cropping pattern of corn two:
1, conventional wheat narrow row seeding two close rare (4+8 cun), the line-spacing sowings such as 15 centimetres, change that wide cut is even to be broadcast into, sowing fabric width 45 centimetres, and range is 25 centimetres;
2, traditional corn line-spacing 40,50 centimetres, changes 70 centimetres of wide row space sowings into, expands line-spacing, reduce spacing in the rows, increase planting density;
3, wheat and corn planting patterns plans as a whole layout, and reserving range during grow wheat is that corn seeding is capable, maize seed on the vacant lot of 25 centimetres of reserved ranges, corn growth environmental friendliness;
4, changing wheat and corn, manually to wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases disease pest and weed be mechanical Unifying control, and Wheat wide is even broadcasts 25 centimetres of reserved ranges provides track route for self-propelled sprayer machine, achieves machinery and wipes out and treat insect pests and plant diseases disease pest and weed;
5, repeatedly artificial dressing fertilizer is for corn, the bottom application of wheat arable land applied layer slow-release fertilizer to change wheat and corn, and improve the availability of fertilizer, the later stage is without the need to topdressing;
6, change wheat and corn flood irrigation, sprinkling irrigation is sprayed for travelling irrigation carries out machinery, Wheat wide is even when broadcasting 25 centimetres of reserved ranges or corn planting 70 centimetres of line-spacings provide track route for travelling irrigation.
On the basis of above-mentioned change, implantation methods provided by the invention has filled up five blank of China in wheat, the ripe crop rotation plantation of corn two:
1, this invention has filled up the cropping pattern of China's wheat, the upper and lower two batches of highly fusions of corn two crops a year planting area, unified high yield;
2, filled up wheat, entire mechanization that corn Unifying control wipes out and treat insect pests and plant diseases disease pest and weed;
3, rotovator changes adjunction fertilizer distributor into and utilizes coating sustained-released fertilizer to carry out arable land fertilising and once jointly completes, and realizes farm work entire mechanization, has got through the difficult point of entire mechanization plantation;
4, fill up the blank that mechanical spray pours the setting of water track route, solve the track route that travelling irrigation carries out operation;
5, wheat, corn intensive cropping pattern impel China's wheat, Maize Production to plant to modernization upgrading of changing one's profession by tradition plantation, the upper and lower stubble agronomy of wheat, corn, agricultural machinery, the means of agricultural production degree of depth merge, and solve wheat, corn yields two crops a year the difficult point in producing and the node of entire mechanization operation.
Claims (10)
1. a grow wheat, corn intensive cultivating method, this method is that the crop rotation of wheat and corn is planted, method step comprise carry out successively wheat planting, wheat plant protection and harvesting and corn planting, corn plant protection and results, it is characterized in that, described wheat planting and corn planting comprise the following steps:
A, wheat planting
A1, wheat are chosen seeds: choose wheat seed as required;
A2, whole: to adopt wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine to carry out rotary tillage and layer by layer manuring, a coating sustained-released fertile bottom application;
A3, wheat cultivation: adopt the even machine of broadcasting of Wheat wide to carry out wheat cultivation, sown scope 45cm, adopt 20-25 centimetre to wait line-spacing sowing between every sown scope wheat;
B, corn planting
B1, corn are chosen seeds: choose corn seed as required;
B2, corn seeding: the line-spacing seed manure such as employing one precision sower carries out corn seeding, fertilising and final singling, between per sown scope, the line-spacing such as 20-25cm is used for seeding corn, so the line-spacing of corn is the line-spacings such as 65-70cm.
2. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, is characterized in that: in described steps A 2, and the consumption of coating sustained-released fertilizer is every mu of ground 40-60 kilogram, and in coating sustained-released fertilizer, N, P, K content ratio is 3:2:3.
3. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in described steps A 3, wheat spacing in the rows is 1.5-3.5cm, the mu amount of broadcasting 12.5-15kg.
4. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, it is characterized in that: in described step B2, to be spacing in the rows the be every cave single-seed drilling of 17-19 centimetre of corn seeding mode, every mu with corn seed 4500-5000 grain, during fertilising, every mu of ground with machinery whole apply 40-60 kilogram of slow-release fertilizer, in slow-release fertilizer, N, P, K content ratio is 3:1:3.
5. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, is characterized in that: described corn plant protection step comprises when corn growth is to 7-10 leaf, and every mu sprays 25-35 milliliter chemical control agent step.
6. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, it is characterized in that: described wheat rotary tillage layer by layer manuring machine comprises frame (1013) and the fertilizer of broadcasting be arranged in frame (1013) struggles against (101), rotary plow (104), broadcast in fertile bucket (101) to be provided with and broadcast fertile axle, broadcast fertile axle be provided with broadcast fertile bucket chain wheel (102), frame front end is connected with the first ground roll (106) by ground roll connecting rod (109), the axle of the first ground roll (106) is provided with the first ground roll sprocket wheel (107), first ground roll sprocket wheel (107) with broadcast fertile bucket chain and take turns (102) and the double chain wheel (105) that is arranged on frame (1013) bottom is in transmission connection, double chain wheel (105) comprises co-axially fixed two sprocket wheels varied in size, broadcast fertile bucket (101) bottom be connected be no less than one broadcast fertile pipe (1014), all fertilizer pipe (1014) of broadcasting is arranged in a row interval, arrangement width and the wheat sown scope of broadcasting fertile pipe (1014) adapt, described frame is also provided with fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount (1010), fertilizer retaining plate (1011) is arranged on fertilizer retaining plate fixed mount (1010), described fertilizer pipe (1014) exit of broadcasting is fixed on above fertilizer retaining plate (1011) side by broadcasting fertile tube fixing device (1012).
7. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the even machine of broadcasting of described Wheat wide comprises bracing frame (203) and is arranged on the sowing storehouse (201) on bracing frame (203), sowing storehouse (201) bottom is provided with broadcasts seed box (2014), broadcast in seed box (2014) and be provided with sowing shaft (2015), sowing shaft (2015) is provided with sowing sprocket wheel (2013), bracing frame (203) is also provided with the second ground roll (208), the axle of the second ground roll (208) is provided with the second ground roll sprocket wheel (209), second ground roll sprocket wheel (209) is in transmission connection with sowing sprocket wheel (2013), guide shaft sprocket wheel (206) is provided with between second ground roll sprocket wheel (209) and sowing sprocket wheel (2013), broadcast seed box (2014) to connect at least two groups respectively engrave leg plough by broadcasting seed flexible pipe (2012), described often group between plough leaves spacing distance, described often group is engraved leg plough and is comprised at least three and engrave leg plough (205), often group engrave in leg plough engrave leg plough (205) arrangement width and sown scope width adapt.
8. wheat according to claim 7, corn intensive cultivating method, it is characterized in that: described leg plough (205) of engraving comprises dead lever (2055), seeding tube (2051) is arranged on dead lever (2055), described seeding tube (2051) one end with broadcast seed flexible pipe (2012) and be connected, the other end connects plough (2054), described seeding tube (2012) and plough (2054) connect that the opening part of one end is corresponding is provided with seed distributor (2052), seed distributor (2052) is spherical in half, seed distributor (2052) front side is arranged at intervals with breast boards (2053), described spacing distance can make seed pass through, before and after ground roll (208), both sides are respectively equipped with front scrapping plate (207) and rear scraper plate 2010, described front scrapping plate (207) and rear scraper plate (2010) are fixed on ground roll support (2011), wherein front scrapping plate (207) and the distance of ground roll (208) are greater than the distance of rear scraper plate (2010) and ground roll (208).
9. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, it is characterized in that: the described line-spacing seed manure one precision sower that waits comprises body (302) and is arranged on the running wheel (308) of body (302) rear end, described body (302) is also provided with the seeding apparatus of more than at least four, and the widespread device (303) that be no less than one that arrange corresponding to seeding apparatus, interval is provided with between every platform seeding apparatus, the line-spacing of spacing distance and sowing adapts, the axle of running wheel (308) is provided with wheel sprocket (309), described wheel sprocket (309) is in transmission connection seeding apparatus and widespread device (303), described seeding apparatus comprises sowing bucket (3012) and broadcasts seed device (306), described seed device (306) of broadcasting is placed in sowing bucket (3012) below and connects setting, the seeder sprocket wheel (3014) of described sowing bucket (3012) and the seed device sprocket wheel (307) of broadcasting broadcasting seed device (306) are all in transmission connection with wheel sprocket (309), described widespread device (303) comprises broadcasts fertile bucket (301), describedly broadcast fertile bucket (301) bottom and be connected with and broadcast fertile pipe (305), widespread device sprocket wheel and the wheel sprocket (309) of described widespread device (303) are in transmission connection.
10. wheat according to claim 1, corn intensive cultivating method, is characterized in that: described wheat plant protection is adopt self-propelled spraying machine and travelling irrigation carry out pesticide spraying respectively and irrigate watering in 20-25 centimetre of line-spacing between wheat sown scope.
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