CN103947435B - A kind of purple garlic and corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method - Google Patents
A kind of purple garlic and corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of purple garlic and corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method, the concrete steps of the method are: select purple garlic and corn conventional cultivation kind, processed by selected seed, make garlic shift to an earlier date vernalization, germinate ahead of time; Garlic kind adopts the special seed dressing seed dressing of garlic before broadcasting, sow, reduce garlic sprout term disease and occur, promote that kind of a garlic is taken root, increase resistance after airing; The seed dressing of corn seed-dressing agent special is adopted, prevention smut of maize, leaf rust, soil insect and the plague of rats when carrying out corn seeding.Purple garlic and corn are adopted the plantation of " 3+1 " mode spacing, topdress, finally gathers in the crops.The inventive method is simple, has the advantages such as cost is low, recovery rate is high, convenient management, is applicable to very much extensive cultivation, and while minimizing chemical pesticide uses, protects ecotope again.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, particularly a kind of purple garlic and corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method.
Background technology
Along with agricultural production is by the progressively conversion of resource-hungry to technical benefits type, intercropping becomes the important means improving land resources utilization rate.Intercropping and interplanting selects the crop of morphological feature and Growing Characters corresponding complementary, makes full use of water and soil sunlight-heat reaources, unit are obtains the feature of higher yield, culture fertility, reduces damage by disease and insect, reduces and drops into, and increases output.
Business river purple garlic is Guizhou Province's processing garlic main breed, feature is that quality spy is excellent, cultivation history is long, and cultivated area is large, for a long time, mostly planting garlic mode is to interplant with corn intercrop, but due to cropping pattern select improper, the reasons such as planting technology is lack of standardization, and corn variety is selected and Term Fertilization is unreasonable, cause garlic cultivar to be degenerated, yield poorly, deficiency in economic performance, had a strong impact on the development that business river garlic produces.And on the basis that existing purple garlic is planted, realize high-efficient disposition by maize intercropping, improve soil cropping index, there is not yet ripe or large-area application report so far.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of best in quality and the purple garlic that output is high and corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method.
The concrete steps of a kind of purple garlic and corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method are:
(1) Fruit variety
Garlic cultivar: purple garlic, 260 days breeding times;
Corn variety: conventional cultivation kind, 120 days breeding times;
(2) seed treatment
1, garlic seed treatment:
(1) divide large, medium and small three grades by garlic clove before broadcasting, select color and luster just, the stout and strong large lobe of bud and mesopetalum as garlic kind, and remove chassis;
(2) by the garlic seed precooling of garlic clove classification cooling 7 ~ 10 days, temperature is down to 0 ~ 5 DEG C, carries out low temperature treatment, keeps room temperature 0 ~ 1 DEG C, humidity 75 ~ 80%, 30 ~ 40 days, makes garlic shift to an earlier date vernalization, germinates ahead of time;
(3) garlic adopts the special seed dressing seed dressing of garlic before broadcasting, and sows, reduces garlic sprout term disease and occur, promote that kind of a garlic is taken root, increase resistance after airing;
2, corn seed process: adopt the seed dressing of corn seed-dressing agent special, prevention smut of maize, leaf rust, soil insect and the plague of rats;
(3) wholely
Autumn, combination was ploughed deeply, and eliminated worm's ovum of surviving the winter, and filled with foot winter water; Harrow in time early spring a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, meticulous wholely; Full field basal dressing comprises the muck 5000kg/667m that becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, fertilizer buries with ploughing;
(4) sow
Purple garlic and the plantation of corn interval, adopt " 3+1 " pattern, and the distance of the band 1m that is namely expert at plants 3 row purple garlics, the cropping pattern of 1 row corn;
Garlic is sowed: sowing time late August ~ mid-September is advisable; Select the capable band of corn of upper season, first ditch, interval 15 ~ 20cm opens dark 5cm shallow ridges, is pressed into upward in ditch in wet soil by garlic clove bud, goes to consistent with sowing in the direction of garlic clove back of the body linea ventralis; Last bar ditch covers flat by the soil opening another ditch, native thick 4cm ~ 5cm, totally three, and rear a kind of farm tools is put down, and line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, uplink bandwidth 45 ~ 60cm, spacing in the rows 5cm ~ 6cm, density is with 40,000 strains/667m
2be advisable; Draw fertile ditch between two kinds of ditches, use purple garlic special bio mixed organic manure 50kg/667m
2as base manure, account for 50% of total fertile amount in the time of infertility;
Corn seeding: the sowing time of corn is mid-April, select upper season garlic row band, spread manuer in holes, cave apart from 30cm, deeply 5cm, every cave dibbling two, thinning, earthing after emerging, rakes; At side, cave 5cm, draw fertile ditch, by base density with 40,000 strains/667m
2be advisable, use corn special slow release biological organic composite mixing fertilizer 90kg/667m
2as base manure, account for 50% of total fertile amount in the time of infertility;
(5) topdress
Garlic is topdressed: impose 50kg/667m elongating stage at garlic stems
2purple garlic special bio mixed organic manure, method of application, row dry one dressing furrow in the middle of two row garlics, plowed by soil flat after fertilizer applies; Trench digging form is executed in the middle of two row garlics, respectively sprays a humus foliage fertilizer, each 150g/667m at purple garlic seedling stage, garlic stems elongating stage, head of garlic expanding stage
2, dilute 300 times, promote root growth, improve absorption of nutrient ingredients ability;
Corn topdresses: chase after the opposite side at base manure in the large mouth phase of corn, corn special bio mixed organic manure 90kg/667m
2as topdressing;
(6) gather in the crops
Garlic is gathered in the crops: harvest time is the first tenday period of a month in May;
Harvest corn: harvest time is mid-August.
The inventive method is simple, has the advantages such as cost is low, recovery rate is high, convenient management, is applicable to very much extensive cultivation, while minimizing chemical pesticide uses, protects ecotope again.
Embodiment
The object of the invention is to overcome the unfavorable factor that traditional cultivation causes agricultural production, the implantation methods providing a kind of Guizhou mountainous area purple garlic and corn intercrop to interplant, specification is namely planted in the selection comprising cropping pattern and requirement, varieties of plant are selected, culture technique comprises selection of land, whole, apply fertilizer, sow, dense planting and topdressing.The cropping pattern of employing intercropping can make the light in crop groups, heat, the process of wind condition is preferably being prepared, the yield potential of purple garlic can be played, and solve the problem that garlic producing region is difficult to rotate crops, adopt prevention purple garlic damage by disease and insect, obtain high yield.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
(1) Fruit variety
Garlic cultivar is chosen as: business river purple garlic, 260 days breeding times;
Corn variety is chosen as: beautiful No. six of conventional cultivation kind benefit, peace beautiful 2166 and Jin Feng 5688,120 days breeding times.
(2) seed treatment
1, garlic seed treatment: garlic clove is divided large, medium and small three grades before broadcasting by (1), select color and luster just, the stout and strong large lobe of bud and mesopetalum as garlic kind, and remove chassis; (2) by the garlic seed precooling of garlic clove classification cooling 7 ~ 10 days, temperature is down to 0 ~ 5 DEG C, carries out low temperature treatment, and rear maintenance room temperature 0 ~ 1 DEG C, humidity 75 ~ 80%, 30 ~ 40 days, make garlic shift to an earlier date vernalization, germinates ahead of time; (3) garlic adopts the special seed dressing seed dressing of garlic before broadcasting, and sows, can reduce garlic sprout term disease and occur, promote that kind of a garlic is taken root, increase resistance after airing;
2, corn seed process: adopt the seed dressing of corn seed-dressing agent special, prevention smut of maize, leaf rust, soil insect and the plague of rats.
(3) wholely
Autumn, combination was ploughed deeply, and eliminated worm's ovum of surviving the winter, and filled with foot winter water; Harrow in time early spring a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, meticulous wholely.Full field basal dressing comprises the muck 5000kg/667m that becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, fertilizer buries with ploughing.
(4) sow
Purple garlic and the plantation of corn interval, adopt " 3+1 " pattern, and the distance of the band 1m that is namely expert at plants 3 row purple garlics, the cropping pattern of 1 row corn, as shown in Figure 1.
Garlic is sowed: sowing time late August ~ mid-September is advisable.Select the capable band of corn of upper season, first ditch, interval 15 ~ 20cm opens dark 5cm shallow ridges, is pressed into upward in ditch in wet soil by garlic clove bud, goes to consistent with sowing in the direction of garlic clove back of the body linea ventralis; Last bar ditch covers flat by the soil opening another ditch, native thick 4cm ~ 5cm, totally three, and rear a kind of farm tools is put down.Line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, uplink bandwidth 45 ~ 60cm, spacing in the rows 5cm ~ 6cm, density is with 40,000 strains/667m
2be advisable.Draw fertile ditch between two kinds of ditches, (content of organic matter 15%, total nutrient content is 25%, N:P to use purple garlic special bio mixed organic manure
2o
5: K
2o=11:4:10) 50kg/667m
2as base manure (time of infertility, total fertilizer was measured 50%).
Corn seeding: the sowing time of corn is mid-April, selects upper season garlic row band, spreads manuer in holes, cave distance 30cm, dark 5cm, every cave dibbling two, thinning, earthing after emerging, rakes.At side, cave 5cm, draw fertile ditch, by base density with 40,000 strains/667m
2be advisable, (content of organic matter 15%, total nutrient content is 25%, N:P to use corn special slow release biological organic composite mixing fertilizer
2o
5: K
2o=11:5:9) 90kg/667m
2as base manure (time of infertility, total fertilizer was measured 50%).
(5) topdress
Garlic is topdressed: impose 50kg/667m elongating stage at garlic stems
2purple garlic special bio mixed organic manure, method of application, row dry one dressing furrow in the middle of two row garlics, plowed by soil flat after fertilizer applies.Trench digging form is executed and is respectively sprayed a humus foliage fertilizer, each 150g/667m at purple garlic seedling stage, garlic stems elongating stage, head of garlic expanding stage two in the middle of row garlics
2, dilute 300 times, promote root growth, improve absorption of nutrient ingredients ability.
Corn topdresses: chase after the opposite side at base manure in the large mouth phase of corn, corn special bio mixed organic manure 90kg/667m
2as topdressing.
(6) gather in the crops
Garlic is gathered in the crops: harvest time is the first tenday period of a month in May.
Harvest corn: harvest time is mid-August.
Because the crop varieties of the output of intercropping and interplanting and intercropping and interplanting, date of seeding, density, fertilizing amount and intercropping system have very large relation, and planting density is the key that impact meets population yield.The theory and practice that the present invention's research is optimized the level of resources utilization from multi-angles such as mode combinations, kind configuration, water-fertilizer conditioning, root competition and complementations is explored, the technical system constructing purple garlic and corn intercrop interplanting application mutually as angle of heterogeneous individuality from compound population.The present invention has carried out planting experiment in Wuchuan Guizhou, in conjunction with purple garlic and corn to the complementarity between the demand of photo-thermal water and crop, forms the planting system being applicable to Guizhou mountainous area purple garlic preventing disease and pest intercropping corn.
Implementation result:
Purple garlic high-yield culture technique demonstration area, Yang Xi village, Dou Ru town, Wu Chuan county, this demonstration area is positioned at North Guizhou depression east side, and geographical position is E107 ° 30'-108 ° 13', N28 ° 11'-29 ° of 05'.Test block belongs to the moistening monsoon climate of middle subtropical zone, and average annual temperature 15.5 DEG C, average annual sunshine duration 1001.5h, average annual precipitation 1271.7mm, average annual frost-free season 287d, soil is the representational yellow earth of Wuchuan, Guizhou autonomous county.
The comparative trial that different planting types affects raise crop yield and quality has been carried out in demonstration area.Different disposal is established in test, be respectively nonoculture garlic (Mg), sole maize (Ng), corn garlic intercropping and interplanting (N), adopt the intercropping and interplanting pattern plantation of purple garlic and corn " 3+1 ", contrast different planting, on the impact of the Growth period traits of corn, garlic, output, quality.
Measure (see table 1) the indices of the large garlic stems phase of the different planting of test region, overlap the bolting rate dealt with and exceed 14.79% than nonoculture, the quality of garlic stems exceeds 20.44%, and garlic stems grows tall out 7.2%.
Table 1 different planting garlic bolting rate and garlic stems output statistics (kg/667m
2)
Compared for the yield index of crop of different planting after cultivation result, Interplanting maize than the corn yield increasing 19.42% of nonoculture, garlic stems volume increase 29.66%, head of garlic volume increase 13.38%.
Table 2 different planting is to the effect (kg/667m of two kinds of crop yields
2)
Different planting, except affecting the output of raise crop, also has impact to quality, compared with interplanting cultivation is cultivated with nonoculture, in corn kernel protein content increase by 1.1%, amino acid content increases by 1.45%, and content of starch increases by 5.48%, and content of fatty acid increases by 0.94%.Vc content interplanting in garlic stems increases 15.16mg/100g than nonoculture, and head of garlic Vc content, chlorophyll, head of garlic allicin increase all to some extent.
The different cultivation step of table 3 is on the impact of corn quality
The different cultivation step of table 4 is on the impact of Garlic quality
Claims (1)
1. purple garlic and a corn preventing disease and pest intercropping method, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described interplanting method are:
(1) Fruit variety
Garlic cultivar: purple garlic, 260 days breeding times;
Corn variety: conventional cultivation kind, 120 days breeding times;
(2) seed treatment
1, garlic seed treatment:
(1) divide large, medium and small three grades by garlic clove before broadcasting, select color and luster just, the stout and strong large lobe of bud and mesopetalum as garlic seed, and remove chassis;
(2) by the garlic seed precooling of garlic clove classification cooling 7 ~ 10 days, temperature is down to 0 ~ 5 DEG C, carries out low temperature treatment, keeps room temperature 0 ~ 1 DEG C, humidity 75 ~ 80%, 30 ~ 40 days, makes garlic shift to an earlier date vernalization, germinates ahead of time;
(3) garlic adopts the special seed dressing seed dressing of garlic before broadcasting, and sows, reduces garlic sprout term disease and occur, promote that kind of a garlic is taken root, increase resistance after airing;
2, corn seed process: adopt the seed dressing of corn seed-dressing agent special, prevention smut of maize, leaf rust, soil insect and the plague of rats;
(3) wholely
Autumn, combination was ploughed deeply, and eliminated worm's ovum of surviving the winter, and filled with foot winter water; Harrow in time early spring a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, meticulous wholely; Full field basal dressing comprises the muck 5000kg/667m that becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, fertilizer buries with ploughing;
(4) sow
Purple garlic and the plantation of corn interval, adopt " 3+1 " pattern, and the distance of the band 1m that is namely expert at plants 3 row purple garlics, the cropping pattern of 1 row corn;
Garlic sow: sowing time late August ~ mid-September; Select the capable band of corn of upper season, first ditch, interval 15 ~ 20cm opens dark 5cm shallow ridges, is pressed into upward in ditch in wet soil by garlic clove bud, goes to consistent with sowing in the direction of garlic clove back of the body linea ventralis; Last bar ditch covers flat by the soil opening another ditch, native thick 4cm ~ 5cm, totally three, and rear a kind of farm tools is put down, and line-spacing 15 ~ 20cm, uplink bandwidth 45 ~ 60cm, spacing in the rows 5cm ~ 6cm, density is with 40,000 strains/667m
2; Draw fertile ditch between two kinds of ditches, use purple garlic special bio mixed organic manure 50kg/667m
2as base manure, account for 50% of total fertile amount in the time of infertility;
Corn seeding: the sowing time of corn is mid-April, selects upper season garlic row band, spreads manuer in holes, and cave is apart from 30cm, deeply 5cm, and every cave dibbling two, thinning, earthing after emerging, rakes; At side, cave 5cm, draw fertile ditch, density is with 40,000 strains/667m
2, use corn special slow release biological organic composite mixing fertilizer 90kg/667m
2as base manure, account for 50% of total fertile amount in the time of infertility;
(5) topdress
Garlic is topdressed: impose 50kg/667m elongating stage at garlic stems
2purple garlic special bio mixed organic manure, method of application, row dry one dressing furrow in the middle of two row garlics, plowed by soil flat after fertilizer applies; Trench digging form is executed in the middle of two row garlics, respectively sprays a humus foliage fertilizer, each 150g/667m at purple garlic seedling stage, garlic stems elongating stage, head of garlic expanding stage
2, dilute 300 times, promote root growth, improve absorption of nutrient ingredients ability;
Corn topdresses: chase after the opposite side at base manure in the large mouth phase of corn, corn special bio mixed organic manure 90kg/667m
2as topdressing;
(6) gather in the crops
Garlic is gathered in the crops: harvest time is the first tenday period of a month in May;
Harvest corn: harvest time is mid-August.
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| CN107155619A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-15 | 巫山县天蒜大蒜股份合作社 | The purplish red day garlic in Wushan is promoted production the cultural method of upgrading |
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| CN113597995A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-11-05 | 镇远县兴农肉牛发展有限公司 | Planting method of silage corns |
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Effective date of registration: 20180705 Address after: 563000 Xinhe group, Wenxing village, Suiyang Road, Suiyang, Guizhou Patentee after: Zunyi Hua Bang agricultural science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: 563000 5-4-1, E, Hsin Chuan Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou. Patentee before: ZUNYI QILANG BIOTECHNOLOGY CONSULTING CO., LTD. |
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