CN107306634B - Combined rotation tillage method for wheat and jade double cropping high yield and organic carbon content increase - Google Patents
Combined rotation tillage method for wheat and jade double cropping high yield and organic carbon content increase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a combined rotation tillage method for improving wheat and jade double cropping high yield and organic carbon content, which comprises the following steps: (1) after the summer maize is harvested, the maize straw is smashed and is returned to the field totally, carries out the subsoiling and ploughs, before the next summer maize is sowed, covers the wheat straw and returns the field still, and maize no-tillage seeding, (2) next crop rotation, before the winter wheat is sowed after the summer maize is harvested, smashes the maize straw and returns the field totally, directly carries out the dark rotary tillage before the next summer maize is sowed, carries out the subsoiling and ploughing after the wheat straw covers and returns the field still, and the farming mode is: the deep scarification and rotary tillage of wheat seasons are combined, and no tillage is performed in corn seasons; the rotary tillage of wheat in the next year, the deep scarification of corn in the next year and alternate cultivation modes. The method is completed in two crop rotation periods (2 years), the cultivation frequency is reduced, the cost is saved, the disturbance times to the plough layer can be reduced, a good soil aggregate structure is kept, the organic carbon content of the plough layer soil of 0-30 cm can be obviously improved by 0.36g/kg, and the yield of wheat and corn is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combined rotation tillage method for wheat and jade double cropping high yield and increasing organic carbon content, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation.
Background
In agricultural production, rotary tillage measures have been dominated in main grain production areas of China, particularly wheat and jade double cropping areas since the last 90 th century popularization due to the characteristics of time and labor saving, easiness in uniform mixing of straws and soil, easiness in land preparation and sowing, and the like, and the area of shallow tillage and rotary tillage accounts for more than 64% of the area of machine tillage of China. However, in recent years, in the context of intensive farming, a series of soil health problems such as soil compaction, plough layer thinning, soil carbon reservoir loss, fertilizer utilization rate reduction and the like caused by long-term single rotary tillage, shallow tillage and improper management of straw resources are gradually highlighted, and the soil health problems become barrier factors for restricting the continuous high and stable yield of food crops.
In recent years, a rotation tillage mode using deep scarification in combination with a plurality of tillage methods such as rotary tillage and no-tillage has attracted more and more attention. The prior domestic scholars point out that the combination of different rotation cultivation modes can effectively improve the cultivation layer structure, adjust the soil fertility, provide the basis for the high yield of crops and is an effective measure for overcoming the adverse effect brought by a single cultivation mode.
The research on the high-yield and high-efficiency annual tillage mode of wheat-corn double cropping farmland by Nie Liangpeng et al, in order to determine a suitable annual tillage mode capable of improving the soil physicochemical properties of wheat and corn double cropping farmland, the plant properties of overground parts and the crop yield, quality and economic benefit, 2010-2013 sets up 6 annual tillage-free modes of wheat season No-tillage corn season No-tillage (WZ-MZ), wheat season No-tillage corn season deep scarification (WZ-MS), wheat season deep scarification corn season No-tillage (WS-MZ), wheat season deep scarification corn season No-tillage (WC-MZ), and wheat season tillage corn season deep scarification No-tillage (WC-MS) for three consecutive years, and researches the influence of the annual tillage mode on the growth and development of crops, the physical and chemical properties of soil, the activity of soil enzymes, the crop yield, the seeds and the economic benefit, the results show that: the influence of the crop yield by the crop rotation within 1 year, the wheat deep scarification (WS) can improve the thousand kernel weight, the ear number and the yield of the wheat, the wheat is turned over for the next time (WC), and the wheat no-tillage (WZ) is the lowest. The thousand-grain weight of the wheat treated by WS is 8.60 percent and 5.86 percent higher than that of WZ and WC, the grain number per ear is 12.54 percent and 8.76 percent higher, the grain number per hectare is 16.09 percent and 5.73 percent higher, and the yield is 25.46 percent and 11.96 percent higher. The thousand grain weight, the ear grain number and the hectare ear number of the wheat treated by MS are 1.24 percent, 3.04 percent, 5.02 percent and 12.21 percent higher than those treated by MZ on average. The cultivation mode of the corn season influences the grain number per ear and the yield of wheat, and MS is superior to MZ in expression. However, in this type of rotation tillage mode, repeated tillage is caused by a combination of multiple rotation tillage within the same year, which results in high tillage frequency, high cost, and high destruction to the soil in the tillage layer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a combined crop rotation method for improving wheat and jade double cropping high yield and organic carbon content, which is characterized in that under the condition of straw returning, a rotary tillage and deep scarification annual combined crop rotation mode is carried out for 4 years, the wheat yield is averagely increased by 26.3%, the corn yield is averagely increased by 15.5%, the annual total yield is increased by 19.7%, the yield increasing effect is obvious, the organic carbon content of soil can be obviously improved, the organic carbon content of plough layer soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm is averagely increased by 0.36g/kg compared with the contrast, and the soil carbon fixation amount can be increased by 1.92t per hectare every year.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a combined rotation tillage method for improving wheat-jade double cropping high yield and organic carbon content comprises the following steps:
(1) after harvesting summer corns and before sowing winter wheat, crushing corn straws and returning the crushed corn straws to the field, then carrying out deep scarification and ploughing, wherein the deep scarification amplitude is 55-75cm, the deep scarification depth is more than or equal to 30cm, then carrying out shallow rotary tillage, and the rotary tillage depth is 5-10 cm, so that the straws are fully mixed with soil, after harvesting winter wheat in the next year and before sowing summer corns, covering the wheat straws and returning the wheat straws to the field, sowing the corns in a no-tillage manner, and uniformly covering the wheat straws among rows;
(2) in the next crop rotation period, after summer corn is harvested and before winter wheat is sowed, corn straws are smashed and returned to the field, deep rotary tillage is directly carried out, the rotary tillage depth is 12-15 cm, the straws are fully mixed with soil, and before summer corn is sowed next year, deep scarification and plowing are carried out after wheat straws are covered and returned to the field, wherein the deep scarification depth is more than or equal to 40 cm;
(3) by analogy, the farming mode is as follows: the deep scarification and rotary tillage of wheat seasons are combined, and no tillage is performed in corn seasons; the rotary tillage of wheat in the next year, the deep scarification of corn in the next year and alternate cultivation modes.
According to the invention, the length of the crushed corn straw is preferably less than or equal to 5 cm.
According to the invention, in the step (1), comprehensive deep scarification cultivation is adopted, and the number of times of deep scarification cultivation is 2; the first deep loosening amplitude is 60-75cm, and the second 2 nd deep loosening is carried out at intervals within the width of 60-75 cm.
According to the invention, the deep loosening depth of the step (1) is preferably 30-40 cm.
According to the invention, the depth of shallow rotary tillage in the step (1) is 6-8 cm, and the number of shallow rotary tillage is 1-3.
According to the invention, the number of times of deep rotary tillage in the step (2) is preferably 1-3, and the rotary tillage depth is 14-15 cm.
According to the invention, the deep loosening depth of the step (2) is preferably 45-50 cm, and the deep loosening times are preferably 1-3.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the combined rotation tillage method can improve the yield of wheat and corn, can improve the content of organic carbon in soil, has high yield, high efficiency, time and labor conservation, low cost and less disturbance to soil of a plough layer, is used alternately in wheat and corn rotation, and can deeply loosen farmlands of wheat and corn every year. The subsoiling and rotary tillage of the wheat deepens the depth of a plough layer, when the straws and the soil are uniformly mixed, the volume weight of subsurface soil is obviously reduced, the root system of the wheat is promoted to be pricked, the soil moisture storage before winter is increased, the seedlings are neat and ridge is avoided, the straw decomposition is accelerated, the organic carbon content of the soil is improved, the no-tillage of the corn season and the coverage of the wheat straws can keep the soil structure complete, the fertilizer aftereffect of the wheat season is exerted, and the inter-plant evaporation and moisture loss of the summer corn field are reduced; in the next crop rotation period, the wheat can exert the effect of the last-year deep scarification only by rotary tillage, the corn field deep scarification and the wheat straw mulching and returning can improve the water storage and moisture preservation capability of the soil of the corn field, and meanwhile, the straw mulching can improve the organic carbon content of the surface layer of the soil.
2. The combination of the crop rotation modes in the invention is completed in two crop rotation periods (2 years), so that the problem of repeated cultivation is avoided, the cultivation frequency is reduced, the cost is saved, the disturbance times to a plough layer can be reduced, a good soil aggregate structure is kept, and the rotation cultivation mode is carried out for 4 years under the condition of returning straws to the field, so that the organic carbon content of the soil of the plough layer of 0-30 cm can be obviously improved by 0.36 g/kg.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a bar graph comparing wheat yield between 2013 and 2016 4 years using the combined crop rotation method of the present invention versus a control group;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph comparing the corn yield between 2013 and 2016 4 years using the combined crop rotation method of the present invention versus a control group;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph comparing annual total production of wheat and corn from 2013 to 2016 4 years compared to a control group using the combined rotation tillage method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a histogram comparing the organic carbon content of 0-30 cm soil between 2013 and 2016 and 4 years by using the combined rotation method of the present invention compared with the control group.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following specific examples.
Example 1
A wheat-jade double cropping high-yield and high-efficiency combined crop rotation method comprises the following steps:
(1) after summer corns are harvested and before winter wheat is sowed, the corn straws are crushed to the length of less than 5cm, the corn straws are returned to the field, then deep scarification tillage is carried out, the deep scarification amplitude is 60cm, the deep scarification depth is 35cm, the deep scarification tillage adopts full-scale deep scarification tillage, and the number of times of the deep scarification tillage is 2; the first deep scarification is 60cm, the second deep scarification is carried out for 2 times at intervals within the width of 60cm, then shallow rotary tillage is carried out, the rotary tillage depth is 6cm, the number of times of the shallow rotary tillage is 2, the straws are fully mixed with the soil, after winter wheat is harvested in the next year, wheat straws are covered and returned to the field before summer corn is sowed, the corn is sowed without tillage, and the wheat straws are uniformly covered among rows;
(2) in the next crop rotation period, after summer corn is harvested and before winter wheat is sowed, corn straws are crushed to be less than 5cm in length and are returned to the field, deep rotary tillage is directly carried out, the rotary tillage depth is 13cm, the rotary tillage frequency is 2 times, so that the straws and soil are fully mixed, and in the next summer corn sowing period, the wheat straws are covered and returned to the field and then are subjected to deep scarification and ploughing, wherein the deep scarification depth is 45 cm;
(3) by analogy, the farming mode is as follows: the deep scarification and rotary tillage of wheat seasons are combined, and no tillage is performed in corn seasons; the rotary tillage of wheat in the next year, the deep scarification of corn in the next year and alternate cultivation modes.
Example 2
(1) After summer corns are harvested and before winter wheat is sowed, the corn straws are crushed to be less than 5cm in length, the corn straws are returned to the field, then deep scarification tillage is carried out, the deep scarification amplitude is 65cm, the deep scarification depth is 40cm, the deep scarification tillage adopts full-scale deep scarification tillage, and the number of times of the deep scarification tillage is 2; the first deep scarification is 65cm, the second deep scarification is carried out for 2 times at intervals within the width of 65cm, then shallow rotary tillage is carried out, the rotary tillage depth is 8cm, the number of times of the shallow rotary tillage is 2, the straws are fully mixed with the soil, after winter wheat is harvested in the next year, before summer corn seeding, the wheat straws are covered and returned to the field, the corn is sown in a no-tillage mode, and the wheat straws are uniformly covered among rows;
(2) in the next crop rotation period, after summer corn is harvested and before winter wheat is sowed, corn straws are crushed to be less than 5cm in length and are returned to the field, deep rotary tillage is directly carried out, the rotary tillage depth is 15cm, the rotary tillage frequency is 3 times, so that the straws and soil are fully mixed, and in the next summer corn sowing period, the wheat straws are covered and returned to the field and then are subjected to deep scarification and ploughing, wherein the deep scarification depth is 50 cm;
(3) by analogy, the farming mode is as follows: the deep scarification and rotary tillage of wheat seasons are combined, and no tillage is performed in corn seasons; the rotary tillage of wheat in the next year, the deep scarification of corn in the next year and alternate cultivation modes.
Comparative example 1
A Master academic paper of Shandong agriculture university, a high-yield and high-efficiency crop rotation mode research on double-cropping farmland of wheat and corn, Nierongpeng, and a disclosed high-efficiency crop rotation mode.
Compared with the present invention, the cultivation mode is different, the different rotation combination is only carried out in the wheat and corn season in one rotation period (within one year), and the cultivation mode change in every other year is not involved. The wheat season no-tillage corn season no-tillage (WZ-MZ) mode is not suitable for being adopted in real agricultural production in the middle and small wheat seasons and the corn seasons in the same year in a simultaneous no-tillage mode, and similarly, the wheat season subsoiling corn season subsoiling (WS-MS) mode and the wheat season tillage corn season subsoiling (WC-MS) mode cause repeated tillage in a short time, so that the production cost is increased; and the rotation tillage mode is not beneficial to fully mixing the wheat and corn straws with soil after returning to the field, and is not easy to prepare land and sow.
Experimental example 1: effect of crop rotation pattern on wheat, corn yield:
the long-term location test of protective farming (Taian city) adopts a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -corn (Zea mays L.) -planting mode of two cropping in one year, a test group adopts the combined crop rotation method (set as an RT-ST group) for high yield and organic carbon content improvement, a control group is arranged, the control group adopts long-term rotary tillage treatment (set as an RT group), and all straws are returned to the field. The wheat is onSowing seeds 10-15 days in 10 months every year, and harvesting seeds 6-8-15 days in the next year; the corn is sown in 6 months and 18 to 25 days, and harvested in 10 months and 8 to 12 days in the year. The field management is unified in each treatment, and pure N160 kg ha is applied to the wheat in a season base-1，P2O5 150kg ha-1，K2O 105kg ha-1In the jointing stage, pure N80 kg ha is uniformly applied to each treatment-1Pouring water for 160 mm; corn season base application pure N120 kg ha-1，P2O5 120kg ha-1，K2O 100kg ha-1Chasing pure N120 kg ha in large flare period-1。
The experimental results are as follows:
implementation of crop rotation to significantly increase wheat yield
Compared with a control group, the wheat yield is increased by 16.2, 34.2, 27.6 and 26.9% respectively and is increased by 26.3% averagely in 2013 to 2016 4 years in the rotation tillage mode. The results are shown in FIG. 1.
Significant increase in corn yield by crop rotation
Compared with a control group, the crop rotation mode of the invention increases the corn yield by 12.5, 14.0, 19.1 and 16.4% respectively from 2013 to 2016 and increases the corn yield by 15.5% averagely. The results are shown in FIG. 2.
The annual total yield of wheat and corn is obviously increased by carrying out crop rotation
Compared with a control group, the annual total yield of the wheat and the corn in 2013 to 2016 and 4 years is increased by 13.9, 21.7, 22.5 and 20.7 percent respectively, and the annual total yield is increased by 19.7 percent averagely. The results are shown in FIG. 3.
Experimental example 2: effect of the rotation pattern on the organic carbon content of the soil:
the long-term location test of protective farming (Taian city) adopts a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -corn (Zea mays L.) -planting mode of two cropping in one year, a test group adopts the combined crop rotation method (set as an RT-ST group) for high yield and organic carbon content improvement, a control group is arranged, the control group adopts long-term rotary tillage treatment (set as an RT group), and all straws are returned to the field. Wheat is sown 10-15 days in 10 months per year and harvested 6-8-15 days in the next year; corn is made fromSowing seeds from 18 to 25 days in 6 months, and harvesting seeds from 8 to 12 days in 10 months in the year. The field management is unified in each treatment, and pure N160 kg ha is applied to the wheat in a season base-1，P2O5 150kg ha-1，K2O 105kg ha-1In the jointing stage, pure N80 kg ha is uniformly applied to each treatment-1Pouring water for 160 mm; corn season base application pure N120 kg ha-1，P2O5 120kg ha-1，K2O 100kg ha-1Chasing pure N120 kg ha in large flare period-1。
The experimental results are as follows:
(1) the organic carbon content of the soil is obviously increased by carrying out the rotation tillage
Compared with a control group, the rotation tillage mode of the invention has the advantages that the organic carbon content of 0-30 cm soil is respectively increased by 11.3, 10.2 and 10.9% in 2013-2016, and is averagely increased by 10.9%. The results are shown in FIG. 4.
(2) The annual accumulation rate and the carbon fixation amount of the organic carbon in the soil are obviously increased by carrying out the rotation tillage
By adopting the rotation tillage mode, the soil organic carbon accumulation rate in 2016 is increased from-0.64 t/ha to 1.92t/ha per year in comparison with the initial organic carbon content at the beginning of the test, 1.92t of soil organic carbon can be newly added per hectare per year, 20.5t/ha of soil carbon is added in comparison with the comparison, the soil carbon library level is obviously improved, and the change effect of the soil organic carbon library is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 Change in organic carbon reserves in soil after crop rotation
Claims (4)
1. A combined rotation tillage method for improving wheat-jade double cropping high yield and organic carbon content comprises the following steps:
(1) after harvesting summer corns and before sowing winter wheat, crushing the corn straws and returning the crushed corn straws to the field, wherein the length of the crushed corn straws is less than or equal to 5cm, then carrying out deep scarification and plowing, wherein the deep scarification range is 55-75cm, and the deep scarification depth is greater than or equal to 30cm, then carrying out shallow rotary tillage, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 5 ~ 10cm, so that the straws are fully mixed with soil, after harvesting winter wheat in the next year, before sowing summer corns, covering the wheat straws to the field, and sowing the corns in a no-tillage way, wherein the wheat straws are uniformly covered among rows, the deep scarification and plowing adopt comprehensive deep scarification and the number of deep scarification times is 2, the first deep scarification range is 60-75cm, the second time of deep scarification is carried out at intervals within the range of 60-75cm, the shallow rotary tillage depth is 6 ~ 8cm, and the number;
(2) in the next crop rotation period, after summer corn is harvested and before winter wheat is sowed, corn straws are smashed and returned to the field, deep rotary tillage is directly carried out, the rotary tillage depth is 12 ~ 15cm, the straws are fully mixed with soil, and before summer corn is sowed next year, deep scarification and plowing are carried out after the wheat straws are covered and returned to the field, wherein the deep scarification depth is more than or equal to 40 cm;
(3) by analogy, the farming mode is as follows: the deep scarification and rotary tillage of wheat seasons are combined, and no tillage is performed in corn seasons; the rotary tillage of wheat in the next year, the deep scarification of corn in the next year and alternate cultivation modes.
2. The combined crop rotation method for high yield of wheat and jade and increasing organic carbon content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subsoiling depth of step (1) is 30 ~ 40 cm.
3. The combined rotary tillage method for improving wheat and jade ripeness and increasing organic carbon content of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the number of times of deep rotary tillage is 1-3, and the rotary tillage depth is 14 ~ 15 cm.
4. The combined crop rotation method for improving wheat and jade yield and organic carbon content as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subsoiling depth of step (2) is 45 ~ 50cm, and the subsoiling frequency is 1-3 times.
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| CN108064642A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-25 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of method that soil quality and crop yield are improved in wheat jade crop rotation |
| CN109042158A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-21 | 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of regional three kind of three receipts Silage high-yield planting method in Henan south |
| CN109348767A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-19 | 河南农业大学 | Soil improvement method under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of North China Meadow Soil |
| CN112075305A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-15 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving soil productivity of yellow river old course wheat-corn rotation area |
| CN112088735A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-18 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for improving degraded plough layer of wheat-jade double-cropping area |
| CN112616588A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-09 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in hilly dry land |
| CN113396663A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Crop high-yield regulation and control method in microbial fertilizer and straw returning deep ploughing mode |
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| CN114868608A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽省六君农业科技发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for double-cropping mechanized high yield of Huaibei original wheat and jade |
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| CN103518527B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2016-01-20 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of winter wheat Summer Maize Rotation water saving economizes fertile method |
| CN104429518A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-25 | 王伟 | Seeding method for pollution-free wheat culture |
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