CN103053256B - Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition - Google Patents
Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under a complete straw mulching condition. The seeding and fertilizing method comprises the following steps of: after wheat is harvested by a combined wheat harvester, covering straws on the surface of soil in a strip manner basically, and implementing subsoiling, shallow and deep fertilization and seeding of corns in one step in seeding lines by a no-tillage corn seeding and fertilizing machine; and after the corns are harvested by a combined corn harvester, cutting up corn straws by rotary blades of the combined corn harvester, uniformly covering the corn straws on the surface of the ground, and implementing subsoiling, rotary tillage of wheat seeding belts, seeding of wheat and shallow and deep fertilization in one step by a no-tillage wheat seeding and fertilizing machine. The few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method has the advantages of alleviating disturbance on soil, ensuring the variety and stable quantity of microorganisms in surface soil, being beneficial to benign growth of roots of crops and eliminating the influence of crop straw mulching on the quality of seeding and seedling emergence of wheat and corns.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seeding and fertilizing technology of crop-planting production process, be specifically related to the ripe crops straw of a kind of wheat and corn two entirely and also under the condition of field, lack the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of no-tillage soil.
Background technology
China's staple food crop improves gradually as wheat, Level Maize Production, but grain agricultural product price growth rate is excessively slow compared with economic crops, industry and service trade, peasant income is relatively little, the labour of a line of causing being engaged in agricultural production reduces gradually, this has just impelled the application of machinery in agricultural production more and more general, and this is also the inexorable trend that productivity improves.As mechanical harvest wheat and corn, machinery carry out that the fertilising of straw-returning, mechanical planting, machinery are sprayed insecticide and the mechanically actuated such as foliage fertilizer is compared and had at the end of last century significant progress.But cereal crops are as wheat at present, on the mechanization production of corn etc., also exist such or such drawback, as at the smooth wheat and corn crop rotation growing area of physical features, producing at present custom is combine results wheats, stalk is shed mulching soil surface, manual dibbling's corn or the final singling again of mechanical planting corn, before Artificial Rain, spread fertilizer over the fields or machinery trench digging imposes fertilizer, artificial harvesting corn or mechanical harvest corn, the artificial results of stalk remove ground or machinery is smashed rear covering ground, manually spread fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer, rotovator carries out 2 times rotary tillages mixes soil and fertilizer and maize straw, a series of machinery such as mechanical planting wheat participates in the mode of production operation.
See from above-mentioned operation; substantially each link has mechanical use, but in these production routines, has many irrational modes of operation, as: the corn seeding after (1) harvesting wheat and fertilising link depart from; many one-pass operations operation in production, labor cost increases; (2) when corn seeding due to the wheat stalk of shedding and the impact of Liu Gao stubble, cause that corn seeding quality is low, emerge regularity and emergence rate are subject to certain influence; (3) after harvest corn, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on earth's surface; limited by cost; peasant does not generally adopt deep ploughing mode; and the operation of long-term soil rotary tillage causes topsoil to shoal; Root Distribution is more shallow, is unfavorable for that lower bundle absorbs profound soil nutrient, and destroys topsoil soils microflora; cause microbe species and quantity significantly to reduce, be unfavorable for the optimum growth of wheat root; (4) be subject to stalk granularity and rotary tillage influence of specification, upper soll layer loosens, leaking out causes seeding quality not high, and seed suspending, emerges influenced, happens occasionally because stalk affects the sow disconnected ridge phenomenon that causes being short of seedling of machinery; (5) there is drawback with fertilising kind, position in the fertilization mode that spreads before Wheat Sowing, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and wheat seeding nutrition supply is affected; (6) wheat shooting stage of turning green need to once topdress again, the dynamic power machine using should not enter and operates as wheat field, the more manually trench digging fertilizing type that adopts, be subject to year rear migrant worker's increase, the labour that is engaged in agriculture reduces, employing is spread fertilizer over the fields that fertilizer is irrigated again or is not carried out the plot ratio that wheat topdresses and improve year by year, and wheat yield and income are had a strong impact on.
Within 1 year two, do area at most of wheats, corn at present, the particularly smooth Huang-Huai-Hai plain that is beneficial to do mechanization operation of physical features, the also field rate of wheat and maize stalk improves year by year, wherein the also field rate of wheat stalk is more than 90%, because maize straw is comparatively sturdy, but also field rate is also more than 60% for it, and each area is slightly variant.Two season crops straw all also under the condition of field, analyze by producing at present upper mechanical rotary tillage operations specifications, cause topsoil to shoal, it is obvious phenomenon that plow layer microflora is damaged, and is unfavorable for very much producing.In order to protect plow layer, CN102550258A(201210015480.X) provide a grow wheat alternate type conservation tillage and wide cut Wide-row sowing fertilizing method, farming, sowing and fertilizing method to wheat limit, but the alternate type in the method operates in production and is subject to plot restriction and fine degree restriction to be difficult for operating, and the just chance of samsara rotary tillage once of every 3-4, the phenomenon that can exist topsoil to shoal equally; In the situation that maize straw large amount of organic material exists earth's surface, it is substantially unrealistic that rotary tillage reaches 20-25cm, and rotary blade cannot reach the degree of depth like this; Using of fertilizer is more present in rotary tillage layer in addition, cannot meet profound root system and nutrition and continue the requirement of supplying, and only in fertilizer amount, limits, and do not indicate fertilizer type; In addition the same destruction to soil fauna existing of topdressing in spring in next year, topdressing of later stage also carried out disturbance operation to soil.CN101702966A(CN200910210346.3) a kind of conservation tillage cultivation method is disclosed; the method has only been carried out the restriction of cultivation method to the spring corn of 1 year one work; and the soil region that the stalk amount of a year is placed on 1/3 area completely turns over and buries; in operation, have higher technical requirement, processing bad effect can non-constant.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the ripe crops straw of a kind of wheat and corn two entirely and also under the condition of field, lack the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of no-tillage soil.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of stalk is gone back the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of few no-tillage soil under the condition of field entirely, comprise wheat stalk no-till maize fertilising behind field, maize straw wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind field also entirely also entirely, a rotation cycle is only carried out twice farming to soil, and step is as follows:
(1) fertilising of the no-till maize after wheat mechanical harvest
After combined wheat harvester completes harvesting wheat, the basic slivering banding pattern of stalk covers soil surface, on sowing row, utilizes no-till maize fertilizer distributor Subsoiling, depth fertilising, seeding corn, once completes;
The degree of depth of described Subsoiling is 35-40cm; Utilize the subsoiling post of no-till maize fertilizer distributor to complete;
Described depth fertilising is by fertilising pipe, fertilizer to be transported to respectively to the soil horizon A of the 15-20cm degree of depth and the soil horizon B of the 30-35cm degree of depth in soil subsoiling; Wherein, more shallow soil horizon A uses nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of darker soil horizon B particulate application shape;
Described seeding corn is that maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 3-5cm soil layer place, every 667m
2seeding quantity is controlled at 2-3kg, adopts the big or small row no-tillage seeding specification of the row such as spacing 55-65cm or wide row space 80-90cm, little line-spacing 30-40cm.
(2) the wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization after corn mechanical harvest
After corn combine harvesting corn, corn combine revolve cutter by shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, utilize wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine Subsoiling, rotary tillage wheat cultivation band, sowing wheat, depth fertilising, disposable completing:
First, the maize straw of overburden soil table is divided to both sides, expose the soil surface of 10-12cm width; The soil exposing is carried out to soil subsoiling 40-45cm, fertilizer is applied in the soil horizon of 30-35cm simultaneously, the fertilizer of using is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess;
The soil of wheat cultivation band is carried out to rotary tillage operation, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is at 12-15cm, and width 8-10cm, forms wheat cultivation band, and on wheat cultivation band, evenly apply nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, and fertilization depth is 10-13cm;
Adopt Wide-strip seeding method, Wheat Species is evenly scattered in wheat cultivation band, sowing depth is at 3-4cm, every 667m
2the amount of broadcasting is controlled at 10-15kg.Regulate the amount of broadcasting according to tiller into fringe type and the sowing time of wheat breed.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (1), more shallow soil horizon A uses the amount of application of nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer by every 667m
25-7kg nitrogen (in N), 5-7kg phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter), 9-12kg potassium is (with K
2o meter) drop into.Can regulate according to yield level and soil nutrient status.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (1), the amount of application of the darker slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of soil horizon B particulate application shape, by every 667m
28-12kg nitrogen (in N) drop into, select release period at the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 45-60 days, need not topdress whole breeding time again.Can regulate according to yield level and soil nutrient status.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (1), corn seeding line position is on depth fertilising row.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (1), the fertilizer mouth of pipe of high position is located at apart from 15-20cm place, subsoiling post upper end for shallow soil fertilization, and the fertilizer mouth of pipe of lower position is located at apart from 30-35cm place, subsoiling post upper end for dark soil fertilization; Subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer in the soil horizon of the 15-20cm degree of depth and the soil horizon of the 30-35cm degree of depth by fertilizer pipe by vibration in Subsoiling.
According to the present invention, in step (2), be to utilize the preposition driving separator of wheat zero tillage combined seed to paste earth's surface the maize straw of overburden soil table is divided to both sides.Utilize wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine subsoiling post to complete soil subsoiling, by fertilising pipe, fertilizer is applied in the soil horizon of 30-35cm simultaneously.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (2), apply the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess in the soil horizon of 30-35cm, by every 667m
26-10kg nitrogen (in N) drop into, the selective liberation phase was at the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 90-120 days.Can be adjusted according to yield level and soil nutrient status.The fertilising of this slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is to utilize subsoiling post fertilising pipe below to complete.
Preferred according to the present invention, described in step (2), by shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, also spray maize straw decomposition agent simultaneously; Market is on sale.Preferably, stalk decomposition agent is selected the Rui Laite microorganism decomposition agent that Chengdu Synthesis Biological Technology Co., Ltd. produces.
According to the present invention, in step (2), be to utilize the rotary blade of wheat zero tillage combined seed to carry out the soil rotary tillage operation of wheat cultivation band, the outlet of Wheat Species case and rotary blade are on same straight line.The rotary blade of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine is positioned at after subsoiling post with driving separator and subsoiling post on same longitudinal straight line in step (2).
Preferred according to the present invention, to apply in step (2) on wheat cultivation band nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, by every 667m
26-8kg nitrogen (in N), 7-9kg phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter), 4-6kg potassium is (with K
2o meter) drop into.Can be adjusted according to yield level and soil nutrient status.The fertilising of this quick-acting fertilizer is to utilize rotary blade defertilizing tube below to complete, fertilization depth 10-13cm, and the plough being configured by this defertilizing tube has coordinated.
Preferred according to the present invention, wheat cultivation adopts sowing band 8-10cm(width in step (2)) and No-tillage with Straw Cover band 32-40cm(width) no-tillage seeding specification.Ordinary circumstance, will increase by 10% left and right than the wheat cultivation amount of conventional tillage.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (2), after planting, the sowing band soil that the trailing bar of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine can be left plough covers flat wheat, and press wheel is suppressed sowing band.
Method of the present invention is applicable to the two season crops straws wheat and corn crop rotation growing area under the condition of field also entirely.Particularly applicable for the smooth sandy loam matter of physical features, loamy texture soil.
Feature of the present invention and excellent results:
The present invention follows less the principle of no-tillage soil, reduce the disturbance to soil, the microbe species and the quantity that have guaranteed topsoil soils are stable, be conducive to the optimum growth of crop root, solve the impact of Returning Application of Crop Straw on wheat and maize insemination and emergence mass formation completely, compared to existing technology, mainly contain following excellent results:
1. compared with conventional tillage sowing, it is few that few no-tillage seeding of the present invention destroys number of times to the spreading of soil, and the amount of breaking ground is few, is conducive to keep topsoil soils microbiotic stable, guarantees crop root micro-region soil microbial activity and diversity.
2. the capable and wheat cultivation band of corn seeding can be allocated to both sides by stalk by no-tillage seeding fertilization machine, serious twine careless phenomenon and can not occur, having reduced operation resistance and having guaranteed to emerge not affected by the covering of stalk, seedling band suppression does not simultaneously have the participation of stalk, can suppress closely knit, can blank or seed suspending, guarantee to emerge quality and wheat seeding safe overwintering.
3. utilize the subsoiling post of no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine, fertilizer can have been applied in darker soil layer, guaranteed that with the fertilizer of the shallow-layer that is manured into soil wheat and corn reaches the needed fertilizer nutrient of the different soils degree of depth in early stage and later stage root growth simultaneously; The fertilising of different levels concentrate on seed or seedling band under, played concentrated fertilising, improved the effect of plant recovery of nutrient, and guaranteed stable yields and the volume increase of crop.
4. in fertilizing method of the present invention, considered the wheat and corn whole breeding time of the demand to npk nutrient, the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of different release periods is applied in relatively dark soil, the one, can guarantee the growth demand of the crop root of different growing stages, the 2nd, the nitrogenous fertilizer of long release period has effectively guaranteed the nitrogen nutrition supply in crop later stage.In the situation that current agricultural workforce is limited, by subsoiling, sowing, fertilising, suppression etc., mechanically actuated is disposable completes, and the later stage need not topdress again, reduces cargo handling operation, play and reduced the effect that labour drops into, reduces production costs, every 667m under 1 year two seasons crop rotation condition
2can increase income more than 150 yuan by abridged edition.
5. few no-tillage wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method is that crops straw is covered uniformly sowing row and seeding belt both sides by this method in the two season stalk also a kind of production operations under the condition of field entirely, the one, and the effectively growth of the weeds in field of minimizing; The 2nd, the rainwash that can reduce rainy season, has put aside moisture when reducing water and soil loss; The 3rd, the covering of stalk has effectively cushioned the variation of soil temperature, has reduced the evaporation of soil moisture, improves drought-relief ability; The crops straw in two seasons contains abundant npk nutrient, and when mulching and returning, under the impact of natural conditions, stalk nutrient has been given back soil in a large number, and particularly giving back of stalk potassium element can significantly substitute potassium fertilizer input.
6. suppression after the operation such as the soil subsoiling of the capable and wheat cultivation band of corn seeding, fertilising, sowing, horizontal level slightly declines, and rainfall and irrigation water are introduced, and utilizes when irrigation and has improved efficiency of water application.
7. wheat adopts the wide cut seeding method of band, is conducive to make full use of space, improves the utilization to photo-thermal resource, and seeding belt does not have stalk to sneak into effective underproduction impact that cause output on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling that reduced.
8. also added stalk decomposition agent when maize straw, can guarantee the rapid decomposition of maize straw, the straw-returning in two seasons is unlikely a large amount of fields that is piled up in year after year, affects production operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is no-till maize fertilizer distributor partial devices schematic diagram (prior art).In figure 1, subsoiling post, 2, high position defertilizing opening, 3, lower position defertilizing opening, 4, plough, 5, plant case outlet, 6, trailing bar.
Fig. 2 is wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine partial devices schematic diagram (prior art).In figure 11, driving separator, 12, subsoiling post, 13, fertilising pipe, 14, rotary blade, 15, plough I, 16, defertilizing opening, 17, plough II, 18, plant case outlet, 19, trailing bar, 20, press wheel.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is further described, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1: a kind of stalk is gone back few no-tillage wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method under the condition of field entirely, comprises the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization after no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising, maize straw, and step is as follows:
1. no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising
(1) harvesting wheat stalk is shed into strip-type and is covered after soil surface, carrying out field sowing fertilising with no-till maize fertilizer distributor (as shown in Figure 1) operates, preposition subsoiling post 1 carries out soil subsoiling 38cm by vibrations, and nature divides stalk to the both sides of subsoiling ditch simultaneously;
(2) subsoiling post 1 rear side has two defertilizing tubes of height diverse location, the fertilizer mouth of pipe 2 in high position is apart from 15cm place, subsoiling post upper end, the fertilizer mouth of pipe 3 in lower position is apart from 32cm place, subsoiling post upper end, and subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer the soil depth of 15cm and 32cm in Subsoiling by fertilizer pipe by vibration; The high position fertilizer mouth of pipe is discharged the graininess quick-acting fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, every 667m
2apply 6kg purity nitrogen (in N, fertilizer variety is urea and diammonium phosphate), 5kg phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter, fertilizer variety is diammonium phosphate), 10kg potassium is (with K
2o meter, fertilizer variety is potassium chloride); Lower position fertilizer mouth of pipe graininess is delayed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, every 667m
2drop into 9kg nitrogen (in N, release period is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 50 days) and drop into, need not topdress whole breeding time again;
(3) the kind case of no-tillage seeding fertilization machine postposition outlet 4(is in plough inner side) maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 4cm soil layer place, every 667m along the direction of advance of subsoiling post 1 by plough 5
2the amount of broadcasting is controlled at 2.5kg;
(4) capable, two fertilizer outlets 2,3 of two of diverse location fertilising pipes of height of corn seeding on same straight line, are planted case outlet (plough) with subsoiling post 1 after subsoiling post, and the seed furrow that kind case trailing bar 6 is below left plough 5 covers flat; Adopt the line-spacing that waits of 60cm to sow specification.
2. the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization
Combine harvesting corn fruit ear simultaneously, combine revolve cutter by shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, select that wheat zero tillage combined seed (as shown in Figure 2) carries out that stalk is allocated, subsoiling, the rotary tillage of seedling band, sowing, fertilising, the disposable operation in suppression of soil complete.
(1) paste earth's surface with the preposition driving separator 11 of no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine the maize straw of overburden soil table after pulverizing is divided to both sides, expose the soil surface of 12cm width; Utilize subsoiling post 12 to carry out soil subsoiling 40cm;
(2) the fertilising pipe 13 of subsoiling post 12 rear sides applies slow graininess Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer in soil, and the fertilising mouth of pipe is apart from 35cm place, subsoiling post upper end, and subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer the soil layer of 35cm in Subsoiling by fertilizer pipe by vibration; The slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of described graininess is with every 667m
2drop into 7kg nitrogen (in N, release period is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 100 days) and drop into, need not topdress whole breeding time again;
(3) rotary blade 14 at subsoiling post 12 below with driving separator 11 and subsoiling post 12 on same straight line, carry out the soil rotary tillage operation of wheat cultivation band with rotary blade, the sowing band that reserves the position rotary tillage 10cm of soil surface in (1), the band rotary tillage degree of depth is at 15cm;
(4) in the wide sowing band of 10cm, the defertilizing opening 16 of being furnished with plough 15 is evenly scattered in the granular composite fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium in the ditch that plough 15 outputs, and the degree of depth is 12cm; The granular composite fertilizer of described nitrogen phosphorus potassium, with every 667m
2drop into 7kg nitrogen (in N), 7kg phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter), 4.5kg potassium is (with K
2o meter).
(5) Wheat Species case exports 18 in plough 17 inner sides, Wide-strip seeding method, and on same straight line, the ditch of leaving by plough 17 is evenly scattered in Wheat Species in the band of 10cm width with rotary blade, and sowing depth is 3.5cm, every 667m
2the amount of broadcasting is controlled at 11kg;
(6) seeding belt that kind case trailing bar 19 below can be left soil plough covers flat, and press wheel 20 is afterwards suppressed sowing band; Adopt the sowing band 10cm(wide) and No-tillage with Straw Cover band 36cm(wide) sowing specification.
Embodiment 2: a kind of stalk is gone back few no-tillage wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method under the condition of field entirely, comprises the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization after no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising, maize straw, and step is as follows:
1. no-tillage seeding corn and the disposable operation of fertilising, as described in Example 1, difference is:
(1) soil subsoiling 35cm;
(2) the fertilizer mouth of pipe in high position is apart from 18cm place, subsoiling post upper end, the fertilizer mouth of pipe in lower position is apart from 35cm place, subsoiling post upper end, and subsoiling post is transported to fertilizer the soil depth of 18cm and 35cm in Subsoiling by fertilizer pipe by vibration; High position defertilizing opening is discharged the quick-acting composite fertilizers of graininess of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, every 667m
2apply 7kg purity nitrogen (in N), 6kg phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter), 9kg potassium is (with K
2o meter), lower position defertilizing opening graininess is delayed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, every 667m
2drop into 10kg nitrogen (in N, release period is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 55 days) and drop into, need not topdress whole breeding time again;
(3) maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 3.5cm soil layer place, every 667m
2the amount of broadcasting is controlled at 2.8kg;
(4) adopt the line-spacing that waits of 58cm to sow specification.
2. the disposable operation of wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization, as described in Example 1, difference is:
(1) maize straw of overburden soil table after pulverizing is divided to both sides, expose the soil surface of 10cm width, soil subsoiling 42cm;
(2) the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer fertilising of the graininess mouth of pipe, apart from 32cm place, subsoiling post upper end, is transported to slow graininess Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer the soil layer of 32cm, with every 667m by fertilizer pipe
2dropping into 7.5kg nitrogen (in N, release period is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 90 days) drops into;
(3) in (1), reserve the sowing band of soil surface rotary tillage 9cm, the band rotary tillage degree of depth is at 15cm;
(4) fertilising in sowing band is the granular composite fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus potassium, with every 667m
2drop into 8kg nitrogen (in N), 8kg phosphorus (with P
2o
5meter), 5kg potassium is (with K
2o meter), fertilization depth is 10cm;
(5) Wheat Species is evenly scattered in the band of 9cm width, sowing depth is 3cm, every 667m
2the amount of broadcasting is controlled at 12kg;
(6) adopt the sowing specification of sowing band 9cm and No-tillage with Straw Cover band 35cm.
Comparative example 1: traditional seeding and fertilizing method
After harvesting wheat, shedding the no-tillage water furrow planting corn of stalk, seedling stage stubble-cleaning ditching-fertilizing, later stage topdresses again; After harvest corn, stalk is shed earth's surface, is spread fertilizer over the fields rotovator rotary tillage 2 times after fertilizer, drilling wheat, later stage topdress again.Fertilizing nutrient amount, seeding quantity identical with embodiment 1.
In embodiment 1, few wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of no-tillage soil and traditional seeding and fertilizing method of comparative example 1 are compared, result is as table 1 and table 2, traditional seeding and fertilizing is compared in embodiment 1 no-tillage fertilizing type of seeding, sowing row or the seedling band bulk density of soil significantly reduce, and maize root system volume is large, and nutrient absorption capability strengthens, nitrogen plant recovery of nutrient is high, can reduce the runoff loss of corn quaternary nitrogen nutrient, improve Wheat Seedling soil microbe quantity, period of seedling establishment has obvious drought-relief effect.
Table 1 corn season
Table 2 wheat season
Comparative example 2: shed the no-tillage water furrow planting corn of stalk, seedling stage stubble-cleaning ditching-fertilizing, later stage after harvesting wheat and topdress again; After harvest corn, stalk is shed earth's surface, is spread fertilizer over the fields rotovator rotary tillage 2 times after fertilizer, drilling wheat, later stage topdress again.Fertilizing nutrient amount, seeding quantity identical with embodiment 2.
In embodiment 2, compared with few wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method of no-tillage soil and traditional seeding and fertilizing method of comparative example 2, no-tillage seeding fertilization method obviously improves emergence rate and unit are mature spike number, reduces labour's input cost, increasing both production and income.Result is as table 3 and table 4.
Table 3 corn season
Table 4 wheat season
Claims (5)
1. the wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method that stalk is gone back few no-tillage soil under the condition of field entirely, comprise wheat stalk no-till maize fertilising behind field, maize straw wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization behind field also entirely also entirely, a rotation cycle is only carried out twice farming to soil, and step is as follows:
(1) fertilising of the no-till maize after wheat mechanical harvest
After combined wheat harvester completes harvesting wheat, the basic slivering banding pattern of stalk covers soil surface, on sowing row, utilizes no-till maize fertilizer distributor Subsoiling, depth fertilising, seeding corn, once completes;
The degree of depth of described Subsoiling is 35-40cm; Utilize the subsoiling post of no-till maize fertilizer distributor to complete;
Described depth fertilising is by fertilising pipe, fertilizer to be transported to respectively to the soil horizon A of the 15-20cm degree of depth and the soil horizon B of the 30-35cm degree of depth in soil subsoiling; Wherein, more shallow soil horizon A uses nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of darker soil horizon B particulate application shape; More shallow soil horizon A uses the amount of application of nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer by every 667m
2: in N 5-7kg nitrogen, with P
2o
5meter 5-7kg phosphorus, with K
2o meter 9-12kg potassium; The amount of application of the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of darker soil horizon B particulate application shape, in N by every 667m
28-12kg nitrogen drop into, select release period at the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 45-60 days;
Described seeding corn is that maize seed is evenly broadcast at soil 3-5cm soil layer place, every 667m
2seeding quantity is controlled at 2-3kg, adopts the big or small row no-tillage seeding specification of the row such as spacing 55-65cm or wide row space 80-90cm, little line-spacing 30-40cm;
(2) the wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization after corn mechanical harvest
After corn combine harvesting corn, corn combine revolve cutter by shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, utilize wheat no-tillage seeding fertilization machine Subsoiling, rotary tillage wheat cultivation band, sowing wheat, depth fertilising, disposable completing:
First, the maize straw of overburden soil table is divided to both sides, expose the soil surface of 10-12cm width; The soil exposing is carried out to soil subsoiling 40-45cm, fertilizer is applied in the soil horizon of 30-35cm simultaneously, the fertilizer of using is the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess;
The soil of wheat cultivation band is carried out to rotary tillage operation, and the rotary tillage degree of depth is at 12-15cm, and width 8-10cm, forms wheat cultivation band, and on wheat cultivation band, evenly apply nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer, and fertilization depth is 10-13cm; Select Wide-strip seeding method, Wheat Species is evenly scattered in wheat cultivation band, sowing depth is at 3-4cm, every 667m
2the amount of broadcasting is controlled at 10-15kg.
2. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described in step (2), by shredding corn stalk uniform fold earth's surface, also spraying maize straw decomposition agent simultaneously.
3. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that applying in step (2) the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of graininess in the soil horizon of 30-35cm, by every 667m
2in N 6-10kg nitrogen, the selective liberation phase was at the slow Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 90-120 days.
4. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the nitrogen phosphorus k particle shape quick-acting fertilizer that applies on wheat cultivation band in step (2), by every 667m
2in N 6-8kg nitrogen, with P
2o
5meter 7-9kg phosphorus, with K
2o meter 4-6kg potassium drops into.
5. wheat and corn seeding and fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (2), wheat cultivation adopts the no-tillage seeding specification of sowing bar bandwidth 8-10cm and No-tillage with Straw Cover bandwidth 32-40cm.
Priority Applications (1)
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