CN104798561A - Wholly mechanized integrated cultivation method for Chinese little greens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wholly mechanized integrated cultivation method (shown in abstract figure) for Chinese little greens, and the wholly mechanized integrated cultivation method is organically combined with agricultural machinery measures and agronomic measures during production. The method mainly comprises the following steps: screening and classifying seeds, performing fine soil preparation and bedding, performing precision seeding and repressing, and mechanically harvesting; because the Chinese little greens are short in a growth period, soil physical and chemical properties are improved by deeply digging so that the proper growth environment can be created for the growth of the Chinese little greens; after the seeds of the Chinese little greens are screened by a gravity screening machine, the germination rate, germination potential and seedling rate of the seed can be obviously improved, thereby establishing the foundation for mechanization harvesting. The wholly mechanized integrated cultivation method is characterized in that corresponding agronomic measures are assorted when fine soil preparation and suitable sowing date are ensured, so that the soil environment can be effectively improved; the Chinese little greens are timely harvested in good time, and thus the labor cost is reduced and the labor efficiency is obviously increased.

Description

A kind of complete mechanized production supporting cultivation method of feather vegetable

technical field

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating chicken feather vegetables, more precisely, it is a whole-process mechanized supporting cultivation method that integrates fine plowing, precise seeding, and mechanized harvesting in the organic combination of agricultural machinery measures and agronomic measures in the production process of chicken feather vegetables .

Background technique

At present, the mechanization level of feather vegetable production in Shanghai is relatively low, and the production process is mainly manual, with high labor intensity and low production efficiency. Especially in recent years, labor costs have increased significantly, making The production cost of feather vegetables has risen sharply; at the same time, manual harvesting of feather vegetables is easy to make people tired, and the harvesting speed is slow, so a lot of labor is needed to harvest timely and timely to ensure the best harvest time. Due to the short growth period of chicken feathers, high multiple cropping index, and high labor intensity, on the one hand, it causes the phenomenon of repeated cropping of the soil, which easily leads to problems such as continuous cropping obstacles and nutrient deficiency. Low, so it is necessary to carry out the whole process of mechanized supporting cultivation technology to ensure the large-scale operation and large-scale planting of feather vegetables.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-process mechanized operation mode for efficient cultivation of feather vegetables, which saves time and labor; at the same time, deep plowing is carried out on the soil to improve the soil growth environment and ensure the normal growth of the root system; screening the seeds can Eliminate shrunken seeds and impurities, improve the germination rate of seeds, and ensure the seedling rate, so as to ensure the mechanized harvesting of chicken feathers and realize the whole process of mechanized production of chicken feathers.

The specific steps are as follows: ⑴Seed screening: Before planting, screen the prepared seeds on a gravity screening machine to remove shriveled seeds and impurities, so that the seed purity is ≥ 98%, the clarity is ≥ 98%, and the germination rate is ≥ 95%; ⑵Mechanical fertilization: Use a fertilizer applicator to spread potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and urea before making a bed. When fertilizing, the tractor starts to spread fertilizer from the left or right side of the shed to ensure uniform fertilization. Apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu 40-50kg; ⑶Fine soil preparation and furrowing: When the soil moisture is uniform and the soil moisture content is about 40%, the large tractor is equipped with a seven-disc plow to plow the soil deeply to a depth of 25-30 cm, and use The rotary plow is used for rotary tillage and land leveling, so that the soil of the plow layer of chicken hair and vegetables is finely broken, and the depth is about 18 cm. Then use a large tractor equipped with a vegetable bed machine to carry out rotary tillage, disc ditching, furrowing, shaping, pressing, etc., at 8-10 mu per hour. The height is 15.0 cm to meet the requirements of precision sowing; the compaction makes the surface of the border slightly firm and flat, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting of chicken feathers; Suppress and adjust the seeding rate at the same time to keep the degree of development at 40-50%, and sow 8-10 acres per hour; Sowing time: when the average daily temperature within 10 cm of the soil reaches above 18°C and the soil moisture content is about 40% , sow in good time, and start sowing in early April; Sowing density: sowing width is 1.4m, number of sowing strips is 23, row spacing is 5.5cm, sowing depth is about 0.5 cm, seed amount per mu is 2.0-3.0kg; ⑸ Machinery Harvesting: After 15-18 days of growth of feather vegetable, its cotyledons are more than 1cm away from the ground, harvested by self-propelled green leafy vegetable harvester, with a harvest width of 1.6m, and can harvest 2-3 mu per hour, which can realize one-time harvesting Receive and deliver.

This cultivation method has the following advantages:

① Deep plowing provides an ideal plow layer for the growth of feather vegetables, improves soil physical and chemical properties, and alleviates the impact of continuous cropping obstacles to a certain extent;

② After the seeds are screened, the germination rate of the seeds is greatly improved, the seedling rate is increased, and the foundation is laid for mechanized sowing and harvesting;

③ Due to the fast growth and high seeding density of chicken feathers, weeds are controlled to a certain extent, the use of herbicides is reduced, the quality and safety of chicken feathers are guaranteed, and labor is saved;

④ Harvesting at the right time, together with the supporting agronomic measures, realizes the mechanized harvesting of feather vegetables, reduces labor costs, and improves production efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of "fine soil preparation and furrowing" adopted by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention adopting the "drill" method of sowing.

Fig. 3 is that the present invention adopts " self-propelled green leafy vegetable harvester " harvesting and schematic diagram of effect.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation steps of the complete mechanized production supporting cultivation method of feather vegetable are as follows: ⑴ Seed screening: Before sowing, the prepared seeds are screened on a gravity screening machine to remove shriveled seeds and impurities, so that the purity of the seeds is ≥ 98%, and the clarity is ≥ 98%. Germination rate ≥ 95%; ⑵Mechanical fertilization: use a 205-type tractor equipped with a fertilizer applicator to spread potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and urea before making the border, and the tractor starts from the left or right side of the shed when fertilizing Sprinkle fertilization to ensure uniform fertilization, apply 40kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, spray urea with a backpack duster before and after the chicken feathers are sealed, about 15.0 kg per mu; , when the soil moisture content is about 40%, use Kubota M954 equipped with a rotary plow to plow the soil to a depth of 28 cm; About 18 cm. Then use the Kubota M954 large tractor equipped with the vegetable border machine (1ZQ-160) developed by the Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Research Institute to perform rotary tillage, ditching, furrowing, leveling, suppression, etc., 8-10 acres per hour, after furrowing The bottom width of the furrow is 1.6 m, the width of the furrow surface is 1.4 m, and the height of the furrow is 15.0 cm, so as to meet the requirements of precision sowing; the pressure makes the furrow surface slightly firm and flat, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting of feather vegetables; ⑷ precision sowing: sowing Method: Use a Kubota M954 large tractor equipped with a vegetable seeder (2BZ-140) developed by Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Research Institute to drill and suppress, and at the same time adjust the seeding rate to keep the expansion at 40-50%, sowing 8.0 mu per hour; Sowing time: when the daily average temperature within 10 cm of the soil reaches above 18°C and the soil moisture content is about 40%, sowing shall be carried out in good time, and the starting date of sowing shall be early April; 23 plants, the row spacing is 5.5cm, the sowing depth is about 0.5 cm, and the amount of seeds per mu is 2.0-3.0kg; The self-propelled green leafy vegetable harvester produced by the company has a harvesting width of 1.6m and can harvest 2.0 mu per hour, which can realize one-time harvesting and transportation.

The best implementation steps are as follows:

⑴Seed screening: Before sowing, the prepared seeds are screened on a gravity screening machine to remove shriveled seeds and impurities, so that the seed purity is ≥ 98%, the clarity is ≥ 98%, and the germination rate is ≥ 95%. ⑵Mechanical fertilization: use a 205-type tractor equipped with a fertilizer applicator to spread potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and urea before planting. When fertilizing, the tractor starts to spread from the left or right side of the shed to ensure fertilization Evenly apply 40kg of potassium sulfate-type compound fertilizer per mu, spray urea with a knapsack duster before and after the chicken feathers are sealed, about 15.0 kg per mu; The Kubota M954 large tractor equipped with a rotary plow was used to plow the soil deeply to a depth of 28 cm; the 354 tractor equipped with a rotary plow was used to perform rotary plowing and leveling of the land to make the plow layer soil finely divided to a depth of 18 cm. Then use the Kubota M954 large tractor equipped with the vegetable border machine (1ZQ-160) developed by the Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Research Institute to perform rotary tillage, ditching, furrowing, leveling, suppression, etc., 8.0 mu per hour, and the bottom of the border after furrowing The width is 1.6 m, the width of the border is 1.4 m, and the height of the border is 15.0 cm, so as to meet the requirements of precision sowing; the suppression makes the border surface micro-solid and flat, which is suitable for mechanized harvesting of feather vegetables; ⑷ precision sowing: Sowing method: Use the Kubota M954 large tractor equipped with the vegetable seeder (2BZ-140) developed by the Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Research Institute to drill and suppress, and at the same time adjust the seeding rate to keep the expansion at 40%-50%, sowing 8.0 acres per hour; Sowing Period: When the daily average temperature within 10 cm of the soil reaches above 18°C and the soil moisture content is about 40%, sow in good time, and the sowing date is early April; Sowing density: The sowing width is 1.4m, and the sowing number is 23 Strips, row spacing 0.55cm, sowing depth about 0.5cm, seed amount per mu 2.5kg; ⑸Mechanical harvesting: when the feather vegetable grows for 15 days and the base of the stem is about 1.5cm above the ground, use the one produced by the Italian HORTECH company. The self-propelled green leafy harvester harvests with a harvesting width of 1.6m and can harvest 2.0 mu per hour. It can realize one-time harvesting, transportation, and proper sorting and neatly put into the prepared turnover box.

Claims (2)

1. Chinese little greens entire mechanization produces a cultivation method for matching, it is characterized in that: the method comprises following implementation step:

(1) seed screening: before sowing, the seed got ready is screened on gravity sifting machine, reject flat grain and impurity, make seed purity >=98%, cleanliness >=98%, germination rate >=95%; (2) mechanical fertilization: use fertilizer distributor to spread fertilizer over the fields potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15 ︰ 15 ︰ 15) before bedding, during fertilising, tractor spreads fertilizer over the fields from the left side or right side of canopy, to ensure that fertilising evenly; Meticulous wholely, bedding: at soil moisture uniformity, when soil moisture content about 40%, use large sized tractor to wear rotary plow and plough deeply soil, degree of depth 25-30 cm, and use rotary plow to carry out rotary tillage, level land, make topsoil soils in small, broken bits, the degree of depth is at about 18 cm; Then use large sized tractor to wear vegetables shaper (1ZQ-160) and carry out rotary tillage, trench digging, bedding, smooth, suppression etc., 8-10 mu per hour, furrow bottom width 1.6 m after bedding, furrow face width 1.4 m, high 15.0 cm of furrow, to meet the requirement of precision drilling; Suppression makes furrow face micro-real, smooth, gathers with the mechanization being suitable for Chinese little greens;

(4) precision drilling: type of seeding: use large sized tractor wear vegetable-seed planter (2BZ-140) drilling and suppress, regulate seeding quantity simultaneously, make degree of development remain on 40-50%, per hourly broadcast 8-10 mu; Sowing time: average daily temperature reaches more than 18 DEG C within soil 10 cm topsoil, when soil moisture content about 40%, sows in good time, and sowing date is early April; Thickness of sowing: sowing fabric width 1.4m, sowing number is 23, line-spacing 5.5cm, sowing depth about 0.5 cm, mu sowing quantity 2.0-3.0kg; (5) mechanical harvesting: at Chinese little greens growth 15-18 d, its cotyledon is liftoff is greater than 1cm, uses self-propelled vegetables with green leaves grain header to gather, results fabric width 1.6m, per hourly gathers in the crops 2-3 mu, can realize disposablely gathering, carrying.

2. according to claim 1, its best implementation step is as follows:

(1) seed screening: before sowing, the seed got ready is screened on gravity sifting machine, reject flat grain and impurity, make seed purity >=98%, cleanliness >=98%, germination rate >=95%; (2) mechanical fertilization: use 205 type tractors to wear fertilizer distributor before bedding and spread fertilizer over the fields potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15 ︰ 15 ︰ 15) and urea, during fertilising, tractor spreads fertilizer over the fields from the left side or right side of canopy, to ensure that fertilising evenly, mu executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 40.0 kg; Chinese little greens envelope row front and back knapsack duster sprays urea, every mu of about 15.0 kg; Meticulous wholely, bedding: at soil moisture uniformity, and use Kubo field M954 to wear rotary plow and plough deeply soil during moderate amount of moisture, the degree of depth reaches 28 cm; Use 354 tractors to wear rotary plow to carry out rotary tillage, level land, make topsoil soils in small, broken bits, the degree of depth is at 18 cm; Then the vegetables shaper (1ZQ-160) using Kubo field M954 large sized tractor to wear Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Inst.,'s development carries out rotary tillage, trench digging, bedding, smooth, suppression etc., 8.0 mu per hour, furrow bottom width 1.6 m after bedding, furrow face width 1.4 m, high 15.0 cm of furrow, to meet the requirement of precision drilling; Suppression makes furrow face micro-real, smooth, gathers with the mechanization being suitable for Chinese little greens; (4) precision drilling: type of seeding: use Kubo field M954 large sized tractor wear vegetable-seed planter (2BZ-140) drilling of Shanghai Agricultural Machinery Inst.,'s development and suppress, regulate seeding quantity simultaneously, make degree of development remain on 40%-50%, per hourly broadcast 8.0 mu; Sowing time: average daily temperature reaches more than 18 DEG C within soil 10 cm topsoil, when soil moisture content about 40%, sows in good time, and sowing date is early April; Thickness of sowing: sowing fabric width 1.4m, sowing number is 23, line-spacing 0.55cm, sowing depth about 0.5 cm, mu sowing quantity 2.5kg; (5) mechanical harvesting: at Chinese little greens growth 15d, during its basal part of stem is liftoff about 1.5cm, the self-propelled vegetables with green leaves grain header using Italian great Tyke (HORTECH) company to produce is gathered, results fabric width 1.6m, per hourly gather in the crops 2.0 mu, can realize disposablely gathering, carrying, and fitly load in the Turnover Box got ready after suitably arranging.