CN104798589A - Mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on dry land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on a dry land. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mechanized soil preparation; (2) fertilizer preparation; (3) ridging and planting; (4) film mulching and soil covering; (5) field management; (6) mechanized timely harvesting. The mechanized planting method for performing whole plastic-film mulching on potatoes on the dry land has the beneficial effects that technical conditions such as subsoiling and ridging-planting-covering time, furrow width, planting distance and the like are adjusted, and a film soil-covering technology is utilized effectively, so that mechanization of key production links such as ridging, film covering, planting and harvesting is realized for potato whole plastic-film mulching furrow planting, and integration of ridging, planting, film mulching and soil covering is realized. The method has the advantages of being capable of saving of labor force, time and cost, is standard in planting and the like, and high-yield and efficient potato production can be realized.

Description

The full film in a kind of nonirrigated farmland covers the mechanized cultivation method of potato

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to the mechanized cultivation method that the full film in a kind of nonirrigated farmland covers potato.

Background technology

Potato is the main cultivation crop of northwest loess plateau semiarid region, and sowing area increases year by year.Planting type due to potato still continues to use traditional flat do ridging cultivation mostly, causes the problems such as potato yield is not high, quality declines, commodity rate is low.In recent years, the full film of the Nonirrigated Potato of spread covers furrow planting technology, although can significantly improve potato yield, time-consumingly to take a lot of work, volume increase and can not significantly synergy.Therefore, must the farm machinery that match of research and development application, develop the suitable mechanized cultivation technology that full film covers furrow plantation potato.

Chinese periodical " potatoes " the 4th phase in 2004 207th ~ 210 pages discloses and is entitled as " cold and damp area plastic mulching in Gansu is on the impact of potato yield "; " dry farming " the 5th phase in 2003 30 pages discloses and is entitled as " Potato Mechanization plastic mulching cultivation technology "; " China's Vegetable " the 5th phase 72-73 page in 2014 discloses " on Potato Mechanization film earthing, Mulch Drip Irrigation "; " rural science and technology " the 6th phase 19-20 page in 2014 discloses and is entitled as " potato entire mechanization culture technique ", and these 4 sections of articles mainly describe Mechanization Mulch Film and cover, and mechanized farming, does not all form suitable Nonirrigated Potato Mechanization Technique.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides the mechanized cultivation method that the full film in a kind of nonirrigated farmland covers potato.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: the full film in a kind of nonirrigated farmland covers the mechanized cultivation method of potato, comprises the following steps:

1) machinery is wholely:

Before selecting, stubble is the plot of pulse family, wheat, corn, and whole with subsoiler, deep ploughing 30 ~ 40cm, suppress after subsoiling in time; 2) fertilizer prepares:

Sprinkle evenly during shallow plowing before fertilizer takes mechanization to broadcast and plough under, every mu of organic fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg makees base fertilizer, and seed manure is every mu and executes urea 12.5kg, superphosphate 25kg, potash fertilizer 2.5kg; Topdress is adopt the quantitative foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mechanization at potato block expanding stage;

3) bedder-planter:

Sowing time is, the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in April to May, and temperature is stabilized in more than 5 ~ 7 DEG C, 10cm ground temperature sows when reaching 7 ~ 8 DEG C; Row spacing 60cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ridge height 20cm; Sow little line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 60cm, seed level 12 ~ 15cm, spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm, keeping a full stand of seedings for every mu is 3500 ~ 4000 strains, sows triangular in shape staggering in the ranks;

4) overlay film earthing:

The mulch film of fabric width 120cm, thick 0.008 ~ 0.01mm selected by mulch film, and on film, earthing thin and thick is even; Broadcast rear mulch film thickness of earth covering and will keep 2 ~ 3cm, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 2 ~ 3m, simultaneously in mechanical planting process, every mu uses 3% phoxim granule 3 ~ 4kg, potato special chemical herbicide 70% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 100g, prevention disease pest and weed;

5) field management:

Topdressing method adopts foliage spray, at potato tubers expanding stage, the borax of every mu of use 0.1 ~ 0.3% or zinc sulphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add a small amount of aqueous solution of urea and carry out foliage-spray, every spray in 7 days once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether, every mu with solution 50 ~ 70kg;

6) mechanization is gathered in the crops in good time:

Adopt mechanized harvest, require exposed potato rate >=98%, percent of loss≤2%, hinder potato rate≤2%.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the full film in a kind of nonirrigated farmland provided by the invention covers the mechanized cultivation method of potato, by regulating the technical conditions such as subsoiling and bedder-planter overlay film time, furrow width, distance between rows and hills, and effectively use earthing technology on film, make the full film of potato cover furrow plantation to realize ridging overlay film, sow the mechanization of the crucial production links such as results, realize ridging-sowing-overlay film-earthing integrated, there is saving of labor, save time, the advantage such as abridged edition, standardized planting, the high-yield and high-efficiency that potato produces can be realized.

Embodiment

embodiment 1:

The full film in nonirrigated farmland covers a mechanized cultivation method for potato, comprises the following steps:

machinery wholely :

Before selecting, stubble is the plot of pulse family, wheat, corn, and whole with subsoiler, deep ploughing 30 ~ 40cm, will suppress after subsoiling, in time to keep soil moisture;

potato seed is selected :

Potato is as high yield fine quality such as Xin great Ping, No. 3, Gansu Province potato, No. 5, Gansu Province potato, Longshu No.6, No. 7, Gansu Province potato, No. 8, Gansu Province potato, Zhuangshu 3s;

fertilizer prepares :

Be combined with inorganic fertilizer according to fertilizer, base fertilizer, seed manure, the principle combined of topdressing, carry out balance fertilizing, sprinkle evenly during shallow plowing before fertilizer takes mechanization to broadcast and plough under, general mu has been executed fertile machine 2000 ~ 3000kg and has been made base fertilizer, the general mu of seed manure executes urea 12.5kg, superphosphate 25kg, potash fertilizer 2.5kg, topdresses and generally adopts the quantitative foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mechanization at potato block expanding stage;

machinery prepares :

Sowing machine for potatoes should select to have the compound working tool that once can complete the functions such as trench digging, fertilising, spray medicine, ridging, sowing, shaping, plastic film mulch and earthing, at present, existing potato fertilization pesticide spraying ridging plastic film mulch planter or Multifunctional potato ridging mulch film spreading and seeding machine on the market, the power wheel tractor of supporting corresponding power, seeding row spacing, sowing depth should be adjusted before sowing, install mulch film;

mechanical planting :

Determine the suitable sowing time in conjunction with local climate feature, generally in the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in April to May, temperature is stabilized in more than 5 ~ 7 DEG C, 10cm ground temperature sows when reaching 7 ~ 8 DEG C;

ridging-sowing-overlay film-earthing integrated culture technique :

The cultivation of potato full film earthing furrow planting mechanization should be carried out in strict accordance with the operation and every technical regulation broadcasting front preparation, the full film of potato covers furrow planting technology and requires row spacing 60cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ridge height about 20cm, sow little line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 60cm, seed level 12 ~ 15cm, spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm, mu is kept a full stand of seedings general about 3500 ~ 4000 strains, sow triangular in shape staggering in the ranks, fabric width 120cm selected by mulch film, the mulch film of thick 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, require observe with machinery and operate, timely replacing mulch film, pendulum is planted and is added seed, chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, in mechanically actuated process, to at the uniform velocity advance, to make on film earthing thin and thick on film even.

Full film covers furrow plantation Potato Mechanization culture technique and requires that trench digging wants straight, and the depth is consistent, and fertilising is appropriate, and seeding is even, ridging Gao Zhi, and plastic film mulch is open and flat, and press mold is solid, and earthing is even, and line-spacing is consistent.Technical requirement broadcasts rear mulch film thickness of earth covering will keep 2 ~ 3cm, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 2 ~ 3m.And in mechanical planting process, every mu uses 3% phoxim granule 3 ~ 4kg, potato special chemical herbicide 70% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 100g, disease pest and weed such as prevention grub, weeds etc.

field management :

Topdressing method mainly adopts foliage spray.Foliage spray mainly at potato tubers expanding stage, the borax of every mu of use 0.1 ~ 0.3% or zinc sulphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add a small amount of aqueous solution of urea and carry out foliage-spray, generally every spray in 7 days once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether, mu solution 50 ~ 70kg.

in good time results :

Mechanized harvest, selects fair weather, gathers in the crops in time.Utilize Potato Mechanization gather in the crops (excavations) machinery by potato from underground is dug, through the soil that sieves, elevator, finally potato slices are layered on earth's surface, then select pack (entrucking).Require exposed potato rate >=98% during mechanical harvest, percent of loss≤2%, hinders potato rate≤2%.In the larger combined task of potato planting, potato combine should be introduced and reduce results cost, enhance productivity.

Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the full film in nonirrigated farmland covers a mechanized cultivation method for potato, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

1) machinery is wholely:

Before selecting, stubble is the plot of pulse family, wheat, corn, and whole with subsoiler, deep ploughing 30 ~ 40cm, suppress after subsoiling in time; 2) fertilizer prepares:

Sprinkle evenly during shallow plowing before fertilizer takes mechanization to broadcast and plough under, every mu of organic fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg makees base fertilizer, and seed manure is every mu and executes urea 12.5kg, superphosphate 25kg, potash fertilizer 2.5kg; Topdress is adopt the quantitative foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mechanization at potato block expanding stage;

3) bedder-planter:

Sowing time is, the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in April to May, and temperature is stabilized in more than 5 ~ 7 DEG C, 10cm ground temperature sows when reaching 7 ~ 8 DEG C; Row spacing 60cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ridge height 20cm; Sow little line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 60cm, seed level 12 ~ 15cm, spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm, keeping a full stand of seedings for every mu is 3500 ~ 4000 strains, sows triangular in shape staggering in the ranks;

4) overlay film earthing:

The mulch film of fabric width 120cm, thick 0.008 ~ 0.01mm selected by mulch film, and on film, earthing thin and thick is even; Broadcast rear mulch film thickness of earth covering and will keep 2 ~ 3cm, and every the horizontal firming waistband of 2 ~ 3m, simultaneously in mechanical planting process, every mu uses 3% phoxim granule 3 ~ 4kg, potato special chemical herbicide 70% isopropyl methoxalamine missible oil 100g, prevention disease pest and weed;

5) field management:

Topdressing method adopts foliage spray, at potato tubers expanding stage, the borax of every mu of use 0.1 ~ 0.3% or zinc sulphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate add a small amount of aqueous solution of urea and carry out foliage-spray, every spray in 7 days once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether, every mu with solution 50 ~ 70kg;

6) mechanization is gathered in the crops in good time:

Adopt mechanized harvest, require exposed potato rate >=98%, percent of loss≤2%, hinder potato rate≤2%.