CN108901732A - Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method - Google Patents
Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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Abstract
A kind of Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method, belong to crop planting technical field.Its step is：（1）Prepare before sowing；（2）Mulch sowing；（3）Plant protection；（4）The harvest of potato.The present invention makes the yield of potato, potato potato wedge commodity rate significantly improve, reduce labour and cost input on the basis of realizing potato planting entire mechanization.Potato culture method of the present invention is that one kind can not only disposably complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full-film covering, propose the native integration of operation of soil seat；And the advantages of full side film potato great Long bunch planting artificial planting technique can be inherited, play the role of heating moisture-keeping function early period, the cooling moisture-retaining of potato wedge expanding stage enhances the field growing way of potato, improves yield.The whole mechanically actuated plantation for realizing the production of semiarid zone potato, realizes the purpose for improving productivity commodity rate and effectively save cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop planting technical field, specially Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing,
Furrow cultural method.
Background technique
Potato, wheat, rice, corn are important four generalized grain crops.China's potato planting area is substantially at present
At 84,000,000 mu, however the situation that current a large amount of peasants pour into city, labour concerning farmers aging and wretched insufficiency how is coped with,
It guarantees both quality and quantity to provide sufficient raw material supply for process industry of agricultural products.And potato unit under identical planting conditions
The protein output of area is respectively corn, wheat, 2 times of rice, 1.3 times, 1.2 times, and contained protein molecule easily quilt
Absorption of human body.In addition, potato also contains the no carrotene and ascorbic acid of other cereal crops；Potato nutritional is abundant,
Constituent structure is reasonable, and contained VB and VC are 4 times and 10 times of apple respectively, various other content of mineral substances be 10 times of apple with
On.In daily life, especially welcome using potato as the various food of Raw material processing.Potato is always various processing industries
In indispensable important source material, especially purified starch.Therefore, potato has unique natural quality and superior economy
And social condition, it is wide and lasting to be related to industry development space.World potato research center research shows that：In nearly 5 years
Potato global demand increases 20%, increases by a year-on-year basis to the year two thousand twenty potato more than rice, wheat, corn, will account for global total
More than half of yield.Potato demand rises expedite the emergence of the continuous improvement of potato seed planting technology, Potato Mechanization year by year
Full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique are even more the deep trust by numerous farmers.
But traditional potato planting is largely still using artificial growth and harvest, there are the low labour of mechanization degree
The disadvantages of intensity is big, is not suitable with the smaller and scattered landform in plantation plot, and production efficiency is low, drought-relief effect is poor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in the prior art the shortcomings that and provide a kind of potato ditch ridge plant
Culture method, the invention reside in the yield, the potato potato wedge quotient that make potato on the basis of realization potato planting entire mechanization
Product rate significantly improves, reduces labour and cost input.
Technical problem to solve of the invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method, step are：
（1）Prepare before sowing：
1）Selection of land：
The plot for selecting prepartion of land, 10-15 days interior stubble-cleanings of deep ploughing before and after autumn has set in after crop harvest, ploughing depth 25-30
Centimetre, it is smooth that a kind of farm tools is harrowed in the soil after ploughing in 1-2 days；It ploughs shallowly before sowing, tilling depth is 15-20 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, nothing
Root stubble, without clod, no residual film；
2）Disinfection：
To avoid cutter virus spread and ring rot, the cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate；By well cutting
The notch of kind potato wedge is equably stained with plant ash and then sows；Or plant ash is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in plantation furrow before planting and is done
Base fertilizer directly sows the kind potato wedge of well cutting；
（2）Mulch sowing：
It is sowed in late April, site preparation and fertilization is primary before planting, and applies farmyard manure 2000kg per acre, and it is dedicated to apply potato per acre
Fertile 100kg applies urea 20kg per acre；
Using potato full film double-furrow seeder water furrow planting, it is 800-900cm, a height of 150- in ridge that when sowing, which forms row spacing,
The seed level of 200cm, line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 50-60cm, potato seed away from ridge face is 10-13cm, is after planting carried out to kind of ditch
Suppression of soil；Farmyard manure is applied on the inside of the two row potato seeds planted on film simultaneously；Qu Tu mechanism on planting machine takes among the row of ridge
Soil, while to having sowed having been covered into section using mulch；Soil fine crushing is covered on mulching film edge and kind by last planting machine
Soil is sat on film top on row, and half land wheel is pressed in the 10-15cm covered broadly in membrane edge when complete lower time operation of film furrow drill,
Cover two ridge row mulch gaplesss；
（3）Plant protection：It sprayed at after planting 15-20 days；Farmyard manure is increased when plantation, growth period 15 days were a period, and the period is divided to apply
Chemical fertilizer, each dose are 30-50kg, notice that master lives soil moisture content when soil moisture conservation, regular weeding, weeding；
（4）The harvest of potato；
1）Harvest time：
After autumn Mo frost, leaf color, which turns yellow, turns withered, and potato plant growth stops, and reaches physiological maturity；At this moment stem tuber is easy and crawls
The separation of crawl stem, perithelium are hardened, and dry matter is maximum, and stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color is normal, can be harvested；
2）Harvest：
It is excavated using potato harvest and residual film recovery combine machine row.
Described kind of row top thickness of earth covering is 3-5cm.
The mulch is with a thickness of 0.008-0.012mm, width 120cm.
The dose that farmyard manure is applied on the inside of the two row potato seeds planted on the film is 30-70 kgs/acre.
It is described（4）It carries out killing seedling when the harvest of potato, normal plot is shifted to an earlier date 1 day and cuts off stem seedling using seedling killing machine；Field
Between humidity is big or the wet viscous important place block of soil, cuts off within 2-5 days stem seedling before harvest, with sharp soil water evaporation, is easy to convenient for machine-walking
Harvest.
It is described（2）Qu Tu mechanism when mulch sowing on planting machine forms width 25-30cm, depth after taking soil among the row of ridge
The groove of 10-15cm.
Potato Mechanization full-film covering of the present invention, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method are that one kind can not only be disposable complete
At sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full-film covering, propose the native integration of operation of soil seat；And it is big to inherit full film potato
The advantages of ridge side bunch planting artificial planting technique, plays the role of heating moisture-keeping function early period, the cooling moisture-retaining of potato wedge expanding stage, enhancing
The field growing way of potato, improves yield.The whole mechanically actuated plantation for realizing the production of semiarid zone potato, makes
The breeding time of potato shifts to an earlier date, and promotes plant strain growth, early period to heat moisturizing, the cooling moisture-retaining effect of potato wedge expanding stage significantly, increases
The strong field growing way of potato, not only effect of increasing production is obvious, but also helps to improve the commodity value of potato, while mechanical
Operation can save a large amount of labor costs, improve peasant's actual gain, realize the whole machine of semiarid zone potato production
Tool operation plantation, mu averagely increases production 703.9kg compared with open country plantation, can be improved 1451.31 yuan of net earnings, realizes raising life
The purpose of yield commodity rate and effectively save cost.Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique are bases
Cover one layer of 3-5cm's on two row kind row film tops when a kind of cropping pattern of the native growth-promoting mechanism of film top seat, mechanized cultivation
Soil makes the automatic rupture of membranes of potato stem eye break ground emergence.Overcome traditional covering with ground sheeting potato that must put the programs such as seedling, envelope hole to take a lot of work
It is time-consuming, put seedling not in time caused by burn seedlings and artificial destructions mulch and influence the drawbacks of pressure grass soil moisture conservation of mulch acts on.Horse
Bell potato mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique realize planting process mechanization, and adaptation to the ground ability is strong, resists
Drought soil moisture conservation effect is obvious, effectively improves productivity.
Precipitation of the present invention is pooled in furrow by film surface, can sufficiently receive whole rainfalls during plant growth, is guaranteed
Potato normally emerges；Second is that can be reduced the invalid evaporation of soil moisture, guarantee the moisture supply in potato breeding time；Third is that
It can be improved ground temperature, extend potato breeding time, advantageous middle-late ripening variety plays productive potentialities, and effect of increasing production is obvious.Especially
Under arid situation, the effect for once saving seedling from damage to spring is very prominent, to create a phase for potato growth development
To stable farmland ecological environment, each Main Factors for influencing potato yield have been synthesized and coordinated, there is potato good
Growing environment improves yield.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method mulch width and seedling spacing line-spacing
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2：For Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method ridge type and scale diagrams.
In figure：1. potato seed；2. the rice shoot after being unearthed；3. two row seedling intermediate coats press soil on ridge；4. two row seedling on ridge
Soil is sat on top film top；5. bottom of trench firming.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method, step are：
（1）Broadcast preceding preparation
1）Selection of land
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, to be suitble to the plantation and harvest of potato.It deep ploughs in 10 days after volt autumn preceding crop harvest
Stubble-cleaning is ploughed using 1LF-327 hydraulic reversing plough, and tilling depth reaches 25 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools in 2 days after ploughing；It to plough shallowly before sowing,
Smooth earth's surface, using 1GQ-140 type rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, without root stubble, without clod, be
Good soil conditions are created in overlay film, sowing；
2）Disinfection
To avoid cutter virus spread and ring rot, the cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate；By well cutting
The notch of kind potato wedge is equably stained with plant ash and then sows；After the potato handled in this way seeds into the ground, one can be played
Sterilization avoids bacterial invasion wound, reduces by rotten kind of phenomenon, it is prosperous to reach seedling full stand；Second is that plant ash category potash fertilizer, is soil
Beans growth, essential element of agglomerating.If spreading fertilizer over the fields plant ash in the furrow of plant does seed manure, and effect of increasing production can be brighter
It is aobvious；
（2）Mulch sowing：
It sows in late April, is broadcast using the full film furrow drill of the 2CM-2 type developed by engineering college of Gansu Agriculture University
Kind, site preparation and fertilization is primary before planting, and applies farmyard manure 2000kg per acre, applies potato special fertilizer 100kg per acre, applies per acre
Urea 20kg；
Using potato full film double-furrow seeder water furrow planting, it is 900cm, a height of 200cm in ridge, line-spacing that when sowing, which forms row spacing,
Seed level for 40cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, potato seed away from ridge face is 13cm, after planting carries out suppression of soil to kind of ditch；Simultaneously on film
Farmyard manure is applied on the inside of two row potato seeds of plantation；Qu Tu mechanism on planting machine takes soil among the row of ridge, while using mulch to
Sowing ground is covered into section；Soil fine crushing is covered on mulching film edge with last planting machine and soil, full film ridge are sat in the upper film top of kind row
Half land wheel is pressed in the 10cm covered broadly in membrane edge when the lower time operation of ditch seeder, covers two ridge row mulch gaplesss
Lid；
（3）Plant protection：It sprayed at after planting 20 days；Mating 20 horsepowers of wheeled tractors, wheel are walked on micro-ridge, and spray head is by corresponding
Line-spacing installation, parameter is as follows.Farmyard manure is increased when plantation, growth period 15 days were a period, divided the period to fertilize, were applied fertilizer every time
Amount is 50kg, notices that master lives soil moisture content when soil moisture conservation, regular weeding, weeding；
The key technical indexes：
Spray frame broadening/m 6.6；
Spray height/mm 400.
（4）The harvest of potato
1）Harvest time
Frost occurs in Dingxi mountain area early, and frost-free period is short, can be after autumn Mo frost to prevent potato wedge from enduring cold, and overground part is largely withered and yellow, reaches
Physiological maturity.Leaf color, which turns yellow, turns withered；Stem tuber umbilical region is easily detached from stolon；Stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color is normal,
It can be harvested.
2）Kill seedling
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or the wet viscous important place block of soil, receipts cut off stem seedling in first 2 days, with sharp soil
Earth moisture evaporation, convenient for harvest.
Seedling killing machine requirement:Net rate >=95% is killed, mulch is not hurt.
3）Harvest
Excavate row using the two-stage separate type potato lifter that Gansu Agriculture University develops, it is ensured that do not cut and tear up
Mulch is still attached to mulch on ground, packs up mulch simultaneously in the separation of native potato, will in first order separating mechanism end
Mulch is separated with potato soil, and residual film is not stayed in ground.The machine is full using elevator chain type potato soil separating mechanism and unilateral flexibility Ji Tiao mechanism
The sufficient full film furrow agronomy job requirements of potato once complete skinning, excavation, native potato separation and laying process.Digger blade and liter
Chain tilt adjustable is transported, oscillation intensity is adjustable, can hurt potato in the heavy soil within moisture content 25%, operation on middle clay and sandy loam
Rate≤4%, soil separation rate is between 73-81%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method, step are：
（1）Broadcast preceding preparation
1）Selection of land
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, to be suitble to the plantation and harvest of potato.It deep ploughs in 15 days after volt autumn preceding crop harvest
Stubble-cleaning is ploughed using 1LF-327 hydraulic reversing plough, and tilling depth reaches 30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools in 1 day after ploughing；It to plough shallowly before sowing,
Smooth earth's surface, using 1GQ-140 type rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 20 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, without root stubble, without clod, be
Good soil conditions are created in overlay film, sowing；
2）Disinfection
To avoid cutter virus spread and ring rot, the cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate；Exist before planting
Plant ash, which is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, in plantation furrow does the kind potato wedge that base fertilizer directly sows well cutting；The potato kind handled in this way
After in ground, one can play sterilization, avoid bacterial invasion wound, reduce by rotten kind of phenomenon, it is prosperous to reach seedling full stand；Second is that
Plant ash category potash fertilizer is potato growth, essential element of agglomerating.If spreading fertilizer over the fields plant ash in the furrow of plant to plant
Fertilizer, and effect of increasing production can become apparent from；
（2）Mulch sowing：
It sows in late April, is broadcast using the full film furrow drill of the 2CM-2 type developed by engineering college of Gansu Agriculture University
Kind, site preparation and fertilization is primary before planting, and applies farmyard manure 2000kg per acre, applies potato special fertilizer 100kg per acre, applies per acre
Urea 20kg；
Using potato full film double-furrow seeder water furrow planting, it is 800cm, a height of 150cm in ridge, line-spacing that when sowing, which forms row spacing,
Seed level for 50cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, potato seed away from ridge face is 10cm, after planting carries out suppression of soil to kind of ditch；Simultaneously on film
Farmyard manure is applied on the inside of two row potato seeds of plantation；Qu Tu mechanism on planting machine takes soil among the row of ridge, while using mulch to
Sowing ground is covered into section；Soil fine crushing is covered on mulching film edge with last planting machine and soil, full film ridge are sat in the upper film top of kind row
Half land wheel is pressed in the 15cm covered broadly in membrane edge when the lower time operation of ditch seeder, covers two ridge row mulch gaplesss
Lid；
（3）Plant protection：It sprayed at after planting 15 days；Mating 20 horsepowers of wheeled tractors, wheel are walked on micro-ridge, and spray head is by corresponding
Line-spacing installation, parameter is as follows.Farmyard manure is increased when plantation, growth period 15 days were a period, divided the period to fertilize, were applied fertilizer every time
Amount is 30kg, notices that master lives soil moisture content when soil moisture conservation, regular weeding, weeding；
The key technical indexes：
Spray frame broadening/m 6.6；
Spray height/mm 1000.
（4）The harvest of potato
1）Harvest time
Frost occurs in Dingxi mountain area early, and frost-free period is short, can be after autumn Mo frost to prevent potato wedge from enduring cold, and overground part is largely withered and yellow, reaches
Physiological maturity.Leaf color, which turns yellow, turns withered；Stem tuber umbilical region is easily detached from stolon；Stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color is normal,
It can be harvested.
2）Kill seedling
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or the wet viscous important place block of soil, receipts cut off stem seedling in first 5 days, with sharp soil
Earth moisture evaporation, convenient for harvest.
Seedling killing machine requirement:Net rate >=95% is killed, mulch is not hurt.
3）Harvest
Excavate row using the two-stage separate type potato lifter that Gansu Agriculture University develops, it is ensured that do not cut and tear up
Mulch is still attached to mulch on ground, packs up mulch simultaneously in the separation of native potato, will in first order separating mechanism end
Mulch is separated with potato soil, and residual film is not stayed in ground.The machine is full using elevator chain type potato soil separating mechanism and unilateral flexibility Ji Tiao mechanism
The sufficient full film furrow agronomy job requirements of potato once complete skinning, excavation, native potato separation and laying process.Digger blade and liter
Chain tilt adjustable is transported, oscillation intensity is adjustable, can hurt potato in the heavy soil within moisture content 25%, operation on middle clay and sandy loam
Rate≤4%, soil separation rate is between 73-81%.
Embodiment 3
Below by specific test to Potato Mechanization full-film covering of the present invention, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method Ma Ling
The shadow that potato grows it in different land use patterns Potato growthdevelopmental stage plant height, the long-term soil moisture content temperature of potato raw
Sound, potato yield, potato administration block commodity rate, labour and cost input are analyzed.
Experimental design
Using the random district's groups arrangement design in same field, test sets 5 potato planting mode treatments altogether：The full film of A Potato Mechanization
Covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique（It is covered using 2CM-2 type potato full film double-furrow seeder water furrow planting, ridging
Film, growth belt earthing）, the big artificial bunch planting of ridge mechanical film of B（It is covered using 1MGPE-1 type potato ridging laminating machine machinery ridging
Film, artificial bunch planting）, C improving straw mulching plantation（Push up icepro phase site preparation covering corn stover, artificial dibbling plantation）, the full film Ma Ling of D black
Potato great Long side bunch planting artificial planting technique, E overlay film are planted without earthing, F open country is planted（Control）.3 repetitions of each processing, cell
Area 100m2.Total 1500m2 around sets 2 meters of protection rows.In addition to mechanically actuated, remaining each processing is all made of dibbler for this test
Plantation.C processing was robbed April 25 in covering on March 26 corn stover, A, B, D, E, F five processing in unified site preparation on April 20
Moisture in the soil overlay film, all processing sowing dates are April 27, and June 25 was the cell cultivation and banking of open country plantation, July 20 to E processing
Day, field weeding was primary, and October 6, unification harvested.
2 results and analysis
2.1 different land use patterns Potato growthdevelopmental stages and plant height comparative analysis
Table 1 tests Field observation statistical form
It is as shown in Table 1 control, Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique, great Long with open country plantation
The artificial bunch planting of mechanical film, the full side the film potato great Long bunch planting three of black breeding time have phenomenon in advance（Table 1）, explanatorily
Film covering meets requirement of the semiarid zone planting site to crop Soil moisture and temperature to a certain extent.And from the face great Long
The degree of advance that hill-drop drill covers sees that Potato Mechanization full-film covering plants row earthing, furrow cultivation technique and the full film Ma Ling of black
Two processing of potato great Long side bunch planting plantation is preferable to the utilization rate of natural rainfall, and soil water content increases.And improving straw mulching is planted
Smaller on Soil moisture and temperature influence, especially protecting to store to natural rainfall in dry year has limitation.
There is apparent difference in different growth stage plant height growing way between each processing.Thus illustrate covering with ground sheeting
Plantation is planted compared to open country（Control）The useful environment condition for creating potato growth needs, promotes crop growth.
2.2 different land use patterns Potatos affix one's name to block commodity rate and volume analysis
2 plot experiment yield of table harvests statistical form
As shown in Table 2, Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique are 1253.4kg, the full film horse of black
Bell potato great Long side bunch planting yield is 960kg, the artificial bunch planting plantation yield of big ridge mechanical film is 933.4kg, is with open country plantation
866.7kg, improving straw mulching plantation yield are 653.4kg（Table 2）.Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation
Difference reaches the level of signifiance between technology and open country plantation, improving straw mulching plantation, but with the full side the film potato great Long bunch planting of black, big
Ridge face hill-drop drill is not up to the level of signifiance between covering plantation；Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique with
Reach extremely significant level between improving straw mulching plantation.
2.3 different land use patterns Potatos affix one's name to the analysis of block commodity rate
Improving straw mulching commodity rate is 53.78%, is relatively compareed high by 11.05%；Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow
Cultivation technique commodity rate is 51.73%, higher by 9% than compareing；The full side the film potato great Long bunch planting commodity rate of black is 51.72%, is compared
According to high by 8.99%；Mechanical film artificial bunch planting plantation commodity rate in big ridge is 52.37%, higher by 9.64% than compareing（Table 2）.From each processing
Commodity rate data difference illustrates to test several drought-resistant cultivating modes of selection, and not only effect of increasing production is obvious, but also each contributes to improve
The commodity value of potato.
Labour and cost input analysis under 2.4 different land use patterns
3 Different Ways of Planting yield of table and labour's cost accounting statistical form
As shown in Table 3, Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique per mu yield 1350.6kg, mu labour
46.70 yuan of power expense, 303.3 yuan of expense are saved than open country plantation mu, mu improves 1451.31 yuan of net earnings；Big ridge mechanical film
Per mu yield 976.5kg is planted in artificial bunch planting, and 235 yuan of mu labour expense saves 115 yuan of expense than open country plantation mu, and mu improves
625.76 yuan of net earnings；The full side the film potato great Long bunch planting artificial growth per mu yield 977.8kg of black, mu labour expense 400
Member increases by 50 yuan of expense than open country plantation mu, and mu improves 297.35 yuan of net earnings.Thus it is a large amount of to illustrate that mechanically actuated can save
Labor cost improves peasant's actual gain, and Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique increase
It is obvious to produce synergy.
Earthing and not variation of the earthing different periods to potato growth environment temperature on 2.5 films
Earthing and not earthing temperature change on table 1-20 in 4 July morning film（Unit：℃）
Earthing and not earthing temperature change on table 1-20 in 5 July noon film（Unit：℃）
Earthing and not earthing temperature change on table 1-20 in 6 July night film（Unit：℃）
By table 4, table 5, table 6 it is found that ground temperature still is below 25 DEG C.Since this phase is exactly potato ball Stem nematode and expanding stage, institute
The ground temperature needed is more than 25 DEG C of growths for being unfavorable for potato tubers later, so, earthing is conducive to the life of potato tubers on film
It is long, expand accumulation with starch, earthing ground temperature is not higher than 25 DEG C on film, is unfavorable for the growth of potato tubers, expands and starch
Accumulation, affect the raising of the yield and commodity rate of potato.
The variation of earthing potato breeding time 0-60cm soil moisture content on 7 film of table
As shown in Table 7, Nonirrigated Potato growth period 0-60cm soil layer soil moisture content has the variation of decline with the propulsion of fertility
Trend, the variation of soil average moisture content is in 12.30%-17.80% during this 2 kinds of planting patterns fertilities.6,7,8, September 0-60mm soil
Earth average moisture content earthing is higher than not earthing, and soils remediation technolgy is also that earthing is higher than not earthing.Sunlight is reduced after earthing over the ground
The direct projection of film reduces the evaporation capacity of soil, so, Sealing soil reservoir storage and soil moisture content are above not earthing, favorably
It is developed in potato growth.
In conclusion the present invention has the following advantages that compared with the existing technology：
The technology is able to achieve mechanization and proposes soil, point soil, earthing and optimization ridge type, science control depth of planting, line-spacing, spacing in the rows,
Native growth-promoting technology rationally is sat using film top, i.e., film top covers 3-5cm soil above potato seed, and earthing is conducive to potato and goes out on film
Seedling and prevent mulch to potato emergence before roasting seedling, emergence neat and consistent, delayed due to overlay film caused by plant early ageing,
Potato commodity rate, single plant knot potato weight, single plant potato is set all to be higher than not overlay film again etc., to improve the commodity output of potato；
Earthing 3-5cm ground temperature is conducive to the growth Sealing soil reservoir storage and soil water-containing of potato tubers at 8 DEG C -18 DEG C on film
Amount is above not earthing, is conducive to the growth of potato different times, reduces green potato rate, is conducive to the quotient for improving potato tubers
Product rate.
The seeding method of optimization ridge type science shifts to an earlier date the breeding time of potato, promotion plant strain growth, early period heat moisturizing,
The cooling moisture-retaining effect of potato wedge expanding stage is significant, and the field growing way for enhancing potato increases production and improves productivity obviously.
Using equipment can disposably complete trench digging, ridging, suppression, sowing, overlay film, mention soil, earthing realize overall process mechanization,
Save a large amount of labor costs；
Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique are a new agricultural planting techniques, have collection
Rain, soil moisture conservation, temperature raising, volume increase, the advantages that, volume increase, improve potato commodity rate and reduce labour cost effect it is very significant.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique, it is characterised in that step is：
（1）Prepare before sowing：
1）Selection of land：
The plot for selecting prepartion of land, 10-15 days interior stubble-cleanings of deep ploughing before and after autumn has set in after crop harvest, ploughing depth 25-30
Centimetre, it is smooth that a kind of farm tools is harrowed in the soil after ploughing in 1-2 days；It ploughs shallowly before sowing, tilling depth is 15-20 centimetres, accomplishes Land leveling, nothing
Root stubble, without clod, no residual film；
2）Disinfection：
To avoid cutter virus spread and ring rot, the cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with 0.5% potassium permanganate；By well cutting
The notch of kind potato wedge is equably stained with plant ash and then sows；Or plant ash is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in plantation furrow before planting and is done
Base fertilizer directly sows the kind potato wedge of well cutting；
（2）Mulch sowing：
It is sowed in late April, site preparation and fertilization is primary before planting, and applies farmyard manure 2000kg per acre, and it is dedicated to apply potato per acre
Fertile 100kg applies urea 20kg per acre；
Using potato full film double-furrow seeder water furrow planting, it is 800-900cm, a height of 150- in ridge that when sowing, which forms row spacing,
The seed level of 200cm, line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 50-60cm, potato seed away from ridge face is 10-13cm, is after planting carried out to kind of ditch
Suppression of soil；Farmyard manure is applied on the inside of the two row potato seeds planted on film simultaneously；Qu Tu mechanism on planting machine takes among the row of ridge
Soil, while to having sowed having been covered into section using mulch；Soil fine crushing is covered on mulching film edge and kind by last planting machine
Soil is sat on film top on row, and half land wheel is pressed in the 10-15cm covered broadly in membrane edge when complete lower time operation of film furrow drill,
Cover two ridge row mulch gaplesss；
（3）Plant protection：It sprayed at after planting 15-20 days；Farmyard manure is increased when plantation, growth period 15 days were a period, and the period is divided to apply
Chemical fertilizer, each dose are 30-50kg, notice that master lives soil moisture content when soil moisture conservation, regular weeding, weeding；
（4）The harvest of potato；
1）Harvest time：
After autumn Mo frost, leaf color, which turns yellow, turns withered, and potato plant growth stops, and reaches physiological maturity；At this moment stem tuber is easy and crawls
The separation of crawl stem, perithelium are hardened, and dry matter is maximum, and stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color is normal, can be harvested；
2）Harvest：
It is excavated using potato harvest and residual film recovery combine machine row.
2. Potato Mechanization full-film covering according to claim 1, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique, feature exist
In：Described kind of row top thickness of earth covering is 3-5cm.
3. Potato Mechanization full-film covering according to claim 1 or 2, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique, feature
It is：The mulch is with a thickness of 0.008-0.012mm, width 120cm.
4. Potato Mechanization full-film covering according to claim 1 or 2, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique, feature
It is：The dose that farmyard manure is applied on the inside of the two row potato seeds planted on the film is 30-70 kgs/acre.
5. Potato Mechanization full-film covering according to claim 4, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique, feature exist
In：It is described（4）It carries out killing seedling when the harvest of potato, normal plot is shifted to an earlier date 1 day and cuts off stem seedling using seedling killing machine；Field humidity
The big or wet viscous important place block of soil, harvest is preceding to cut off stem seedling for 2-5 days, with sharp soil water evaporation, is easy to harvest convenient for machine-walking.
6. Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultivation technique according to claim 1 or 5, feature
It is：It is described（2）Qu Tu mechanism when mulch sowing on planting machine forms width 25-30cm, depth 10- after taking soil among the row of ridge
The groove of 15cm.
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| CN109601308A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-04-12 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultivation technology method of the double ridge all standing precocity water-saving efficients of potato mulch |
| CN110663483A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-10 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Simple and efficient planting method for pachyrhizua angulatus |
| CN112021117A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-04 | 随县马铃薯专业技术协会 | Deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method |
| CN112136587A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2020-12-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges |
| CN113906973A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Method for whole-process mechanized cost-saving and efficiency-increasing planting of peanuts |
| CN115868382A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-03-31 | 山西农业大学棉花研究所 | Sweet potato full-film covering early-maturing cultivation method suitable for northern sweet potato areas |
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| CN112136587A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2020-12-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges |
| CN113906973A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Method for whole-process mechanized cost-saving and efficiency-increasing planting of peanuts |
| CN115868382A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-03-31 | 山西农业大学棉花研究所 | Sweet potato full-film covering early-maturing cultivation method suitable for northern sweet potato areas |
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Application publication date: 20181130 |