CN112021117A - Deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method - Google Patents
Deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and discloses a deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: six links of regional selection, variety selection, formula fertilization, standard sowing, scientific management and timely harvest are adopted; the key point is that a ridge making mode (single-row mode, high ridge mode, deep groove mode and full coverage mode) is reformed through mulching film coverage. 1, the growth period of the south is short, the single row of small ridges (the ridge width is about 70 cm) is popularized, the spatial distribution uniformity of plants is improved, the row is sealed early, and the light energy utilization rate is improved. 2, making high ridges (the ridge height is 30-35cm), increasing the thickness of the plough layer, improving the permeability of soil, improving the growth environment of root systems, enabling the potato bearing layer to be positioned above the bottom of the ditch, and eliminating the phenomenon of soaking in rainy days. 3, the ditch is deep, narrow, straight and flat, the drainage is smooth, and the disease rate is reduced. 4, the mulching film is fully covered, so that the temperature can be increased, the soil moisture and the fertilizer can be preserved, and the weeding effect can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and mainly relates to a deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method.
Technical Field
At present, the potato is the fourth major grain crop in the world, the grain, vegetable, feed and industrial raw materials are used together, the nutrition is rich, the suitable planting area is wide, the yield increasing potential is large, the industrial chain is long, and the comparable benefit is high. The potato is also the fourth grain crop in China, the perennial planting area is more than 8000 ten thousand mu, the total yield is more than 8000 ten thousand tons, the average yield per mu of fresh potatoes is about 1000 kilograms, the potato is very important for guaranteeing the grain safety in China and increasing the income of farmers, and the development of the potato production has great strategic significance for promoting modern agriculture. The method is beneficial to reducing the idle field in winter and enlarging the area of summer grains. The method has the advantages that 3 hundred million mu of winter vacant fields exist in southern areas of China, and if 1/4 winter vacant fields are used for developing potato production, the grain planting area can be increased by 7000 ten thousand mu, and the yield of potatoes can be increased by 7000 one-year 14000 ten thousand tons. At present, the winter crop area in the south of China is determined as the key area for the development of potatoes by the national ministry of agriculture.
In the south, whether the drought exists or the rain exists or the drought and the rain alternately appear in winter and spring, and a high-yield limiting factor of the potatoes is formed. The potato belongs to the crops with the fibrous root systems, does not have main roots, most of the root systems are distributed within 30cm of a surface soil layer, the root systems are weak, the penetration force is poor, tubers of the potatoes are formed by stolons, the density of pores of the roots and the tubers is high, the air consumption is high, the potatoes are easy to suffocate and die in a flooding state, and generally, when the potatoes are flooded for 24 hours, the potatoes begin to rot, a large amount of potatoes rot in 30 hours, and all potatoes rot in 42 hours. However, potatoes are afraid of drought, and because the root systems are distributed shallowly and are slightly dry, stem leaves will wilt and tubers will expand greatly, so the potatoes are afraid of drought and flooding.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing potato cultivation method is not suitable for the climate of winter dryness and spring waterlogging in south; and the planting yield is low.
(2) The existing southern idle field is too much in winter, and the utilization rate of the field and the mudflat is not high; the winter crop has a single structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method.
The invention is realized in this way, a deep-trench high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a suitable application area through field soil and environment investigation; screening suitable good varieties with early maturity, high yield, high resistance, good commodity, short grape-lodging stems and concentrated potato bearing;
step two, through soil sampling test, knowing the current situation of fertilization, determining the nutrient condition of the farmland soil, formulating a fertilization scheme and additionally applying an organic fertilizer;
step three, making an optimal farming mode by mulching film mulching and reforming a ridge making mode;
and step four, through scientific management, timely film breaking and seedling emergence, comprehensive prevention and control of late blight and timely harvest and marketing.
And step five, based on the step one and the step four, carrying out deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation on the potatoes.
The invention can preserve water and save water for drought resistance; by applying the technical measures of deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation, the interval between two films is 1-3cm, so that water is easy to enter and difficult to exit, 73.4 tons of drought-resistant water can be saved per mu, and the production cost is reduced.
The invention can reduce fertilizer volatilization and loss due to the full coverage of the mulching film, and can obviously improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer. According to the invention, through different cultivation modes, the same fertilization level and setting of 0 nitrogen element contrast, the utilization rate of the high-ridge full-film-mulching cultivation nitrogen fertilizer is lower, and the ridge half-film-mulching is improved by 9.53 percent. Meanwhile, the loss rate of the high-ridge full-film-covered nitrogen fertilizer is low, and under the same fertilization level along with counties, the deep groove high-ridge full-film-covered deep groove high-ridge full-film fertilizer has good fertilizer preservation performance, so that the next-season crops are generally not fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer, and the next-season crops with half-film-covered low ridges are required to be fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer.
The invention has less labor investment. After high-ridge full-film mulching sowing and seedling emergence, no topdressing, no ditch cleaning and ridging and no weeding are carried out, and 2.5 workers are saved per mu.
The invention has enhanced disease resistance. Compared with the small ridge film covering and the half film covering, the high ridge full film covering reduces the late blight incidence rate by 28.4 percent, the black stem disease by 20.4 percent and the rotten potato rate by 11.73 percent.
The invention is beneficial to improving the scientificity of plant space distribution, and the low ridge semi-mulching is implemented with wide and narrow rows, 20cm narrow rows and 80cm wide rows, and has uneven distribution, poor permeability, slow line sealing and poor light and benefit. The deep groove is full-covered in high ridges, single ridge and single row, the row width is 65-75cm, the distribution is uniform, the permeability is good, the row sealing is early (can be earlier by 5-7 days), and the photosynthetic benefit is high.
The present invention can increase the yield. Compared with the full-film mulching of the low ridge and the half-film mulching of the high ridge in the normal year, the yield of each mu is increased by 393.05 kilograms, the yield is increased by 16.27 percent, and the yield is increased by more than 100 percent in the year with more rainwater.
The invention can be put into the market early and increase the benefit. The invention can increase the ground temperature by 3-5 ℃ in the seedling stage because the contact area of the high ridge full-laminating film and the sunlight is large and the heat energy is absorbed more. In addition, the temperature of the ground rises earlier and quickly in early spring after the film is coated. The growth time per day is increased by 1-2 hours, which can promote the potatoes to appear on the market early. Compared with the low ridge half-mulching film, the high ridge full-mulching film absorbs more heat, seedlings emerge early, can appear on the market 5-7 days earlier, and the unit price is 0.3-0.4 yuan/kg higher.
The invention has thick high ridge culture layer and strong air permeability, can promote the root system of the potato to be developed and healthy and grow, and can inhibit the occurrence and the prevalence of diseases.
The benefits achieved by the invention are as follows:
(1) the economic benefit of the deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching comprehensive matched cultivation technology is 11.5 ten thousand mu of using area in the city of the Nizhou, and the cost per mu is saved by 200 yuan. Improving the yield per unit of 393.05 kilograms per mu and increasing the income 668.19 yuan (393.05 multiplied by 1.7). The product can be sold in the market for 5-7 days, the unit price is increased by 0.3-0.4 yuan/kg, and the income is increased by 561.64 yuan (2808.2 multiplied by 0.2). The income of each mu is increased by 1429.83 yuan, and the income of farmers can be increased by 16443.05 ten thousand yuan in the whole market. Due to the popularization of the technology, the planting benefit of the potatoes is improved, the potato industry is rapidly developed, the yield per unit of grain is improved, the industries such as cultivation, product packaging and transportation are driven, and the social and economic income is increased by more than 2 hundred million yuan.
The method is continuously popularized in the Heizhou city for seven years, the accumulated popularization area is more than 60 million yuan, the income of the Heizhou potato farmers is increased by about 10 million yuan, and the income of the Heizhou potato farmers is increased by 21.97 million yuan in 229.7 million mu of the accumulated popularization area of the whole province. Due to the popularization of the technology, the potato industry in the plains and the mountains of our province is rapidly developed, and meanwhile, the industries such as cultivation, processing, product packaging and transportation are also driven.
(2) Social benefits are as follows:
firstly, the detoxified potato seeds are widely popularized. By the method, potato farmers generally recognize the yield increase advantage of detoxified potato seeds, the application rate reaches more than 85 percent, the use area of northern commercial potatoes in anywhere is greatly reduced, and the migration of northern soil-borne diseases to our place can be effectively controlled.
Secondly, the fertilization habits of farmers are changed happily. Farmers consciously pay attention to the application of formulated fertilizers and compound fertilizers, pay attention to the reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the organic and inorganic compound application, so that the proportion of the applied simple substance fertilizers is obviously reduced, and the use proportion of the chemical nitrogen fertilizers is relatively reduced. According to survey statistics, the total fertilizing amount is reduced by 6% on average in three years before the project is implemented, the application proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 7% before the project is implemented, and the application proportion of the formulated fertilizer and the compound fertilizer is increased by 5%. The fertilization level of farmers is also greatly improved, and the input and output benefits of the fertilizer are also obviously improved.
Thirdly, the yield of the grains is improved. The traditional planting crop of the Nizhou nations in winter is wheat, the yield of the common wheat is 300 kilograms per unit, if potatoes are planted according to 3000 kilograms per unit, 600 kilograms of clean grains can be calculated, 300 kilograms of grains can be increased, 11.5 ten thousand mu of potatoes are developed in Nizhou nations, and 3450 thousand kilograms of grains can be increased in each year, so that the method is an effective way for solving the problems of grain safety and maintaining social stability.
The invention promotes the rapid development of winter potatoes in plain hilly areas: the deep groove high ridge full film covering technology fundamentally solves the problems of drought in the seedling stage and field waterlogging in the later period of winter potatoes in plain hilly areas, improves the planting benefit of the potatoes, promotes the potatoes in Hubei province to move from mountains to mountains, not only obviously improves the yield of grains, makes a contribution to national grain safety, but also effectively relieves the supply and demand contradiction of the spring vegetable market in China.
The method can obviously improve the yield per unit of the potatoes and solve the key problem of low planting success rate of the potatoes in southern low-mountain plain areas. The method is beneficial to reducing the fallow field in winter in south and expanding the planting area of summer grains; the winter crop structure is optimized, the winter crop is changed into a multi-element structure from a binary structure, and the winter crop production is enriched and optimized; is beneficial to prolonging the sowing time in autumn and winter, relieves the contradiction of the current rural labor shortage and increases the income of farmers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method, which is described in detail in the following by combining a chart.
As shown in fig. 1, the deep-trench high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: determining a suitable application area through field soil and environment investigation; screening suitable excellent varieties with early maturity, high yield, high resistance, good commodity, short grape-lodging stems and centralized tuber bearing.
S102: through soil sampling test, the current situation of fertilization is known, the nutrient condition of farmland soil is determined, a fertilization scheme is formulated, and organic fertilizer is applied additionally.
S103: the production method is characterized in that a deep groove, high ridge and full mulching mode is specially made by mulching film covering and scientifically reforming a ridge making mode to meet the early climatic characteristics of late winter dryness and spring, early rain in summer and high temperature in summer in the south.
S104: through scientific management, the film is broken in time to emerge, the late blight is comprehensively prevented and treated, and the harvest is carried out in good time.
S105; and (5) carrying out deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation on the potatoes based on the step S101 to the step S104.
In step S103, the optimal farming mode provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the method comprises the steps of sowing in a single row with ridge width of 65-70cm and ridge height of 30cm, covering with a mulching film with width of 100cm, fully covering with a mulching film and enabling gaps between films to be 1-3 cm.
In the process of researching the deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation technology, experimental research is firstly carried out on a cultivation mode and scientific ridge making, the ridge width is gradually reduced to 65-70cm from 100cm, the ridge height is gradually increased to 35cm from 20cm, and the film width is gradually increased to 100cm from 60cm, so that a special deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation technology prototype is formed.
Firstly, large-area comparison demonstration of two cultivation modes
According to the method, comparison demonstration is carried out on a deep-furrow high-ridge full-film-mulching cultivation mode and a low-ridge half-film-mulching cultivation mode of potatoes in towns such as Tang county, Taishan mountain and Huantang in 2010-2012 respectively. Wherein, the deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation adopts the steps of 65-70cm of ridge width, 30cm of ridge height, single-row sowing, 4500 plants/mu of sowing density of 4200 and 4500 plants/mu and covering with 100cm of mulching film; the low-ridge half-mulching cultivation is carried out, the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the double-row sowing is carried out, the film width is 60cm, and the density is 4200-year-. The results show (see table 1 and table 2), compared with the low-ridge half-mulching cultivation, the deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation mode has the characteristics of five types: firstly, seedling emergence is carried out for 2 days, the whole growth period is shortened by 3 days, and the marketing period is advanced by 5 days; secondly, the disease is light, the rotten potato is few, the incidence rate of the late blight is reduced by 28.4 percent, the disease index is reduced by 14.6 percent, the incidence rate of the black stem disease is reduced by 20.4 percent, and the rotten potato rate is reduced by 11.73 percent; thirdly, water is poured for 1 to 2 times less, and the drought-resistant water is saved by 73.4 cubic meters per mu; fourthly, less labor is used for clearing ditches and hilling, weeding and topdressing, and 2.5 labor is saved for each mu; fifthly, the yield of each mu is increased by 355.9 kilograms, and the rate of the commercial potatoes is increased by 2.8 percent.
TABLE 1 comparison of two patterns of related traits
TABLE 2 comparison of two models of watering and employment for potato growth period
② four cultivation mode comparative research
According to the investigation result, the invention sets 4 seeding modes for testing in 2012, adopts a large area comparison method and treats 300m each2. And (3) treatment A: and (3) flat furrow full-mulching cultivation, wherein the furrow width is 200cm, mulching films are fully covered, and three rows of sowing are carried out. And (B) treatment: and (5) deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation Contrast (CK), wherein the ridge width is 70cm, the ridge height is 35cm, mulching films are fully covered (the gap between the mulching films is 1-3 cm), and single row sowing is carried out. And C, treatment: and (3) low-ridge half-mulching cultivation, wherein the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge height is 20cm, double rows are sowed, and half mulching (the film width is 60cm) is performed. And D, processing: and (3) cultivating the small ridges without mulching films, wherein the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge height is 20cm, no mulching film is applied, and single row sowing is carried out. The test variety is early-maturing first-grade original hybrid potato Favorita. Each treatment is uniform in fertilizer and uniform in density (4200 holes/667 m)2) And uniformly managing, sowing in 20 days after 12 months, and preventing and treating diseases.
The results (table 3-table 6) show that the average heat absorption and the highest temperature of the potato are the most after the potato is sowed to the seedling emergence period and is cultivated by full mulching on high ridges after 12 noon, the cultivation is carried out on flat beds for full mulching for the second time, and the cultivation temperature for no mulching on small ridges is the lowest; in early spring seasons from germination to seedling emergence, the temperature of soil at each time point of 10cm from 9 to 18 points is investigated continuously for three days, the absorbed solar radiation energy is maximum by deep-groove high-ridge full-film-mulching cultivation treatment, the temperature is raised early and quickly, the effective growth time of potato buds is longest, the flat-bed full-film-mulching cultivation is inferior, and the small-ridge non-film-mulching cultivation is minimum; the seedling emergence is treated by deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching and flat-bed full-mulching cultivation at the earliest stage, the maturation stage is also the earliest stage, the growth stage is short, and the small-ridge non-mulching seedling emergence and the maturation stage are also the latest stage; the deep-trench high-ridge full-mulching cultivation treatment does not generate late blight and early blight; the yield is highest by full film coating treatment of deep ditches and high ridges, and the single-plant potato has less blocks, large potato blocks, less green peels, low secondary growth rate and high commodity rate.
TABLE 3 comparison of the temperature at 10cm underground treatment (27 days in 12 months-28 days in 3 months in the following year)
| Time (dot) | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 |
| Treatment A | 8.62℃ | 10.01℃ | 12.11℃ | 13.03℃ |
| Treatment B | 7.78℃ | 9.98℃ | 12.99℃ | 13.85℃ |
| Treatment C | 7.73℃ | 9.1℃ | 11.13℃ | 11.13℃ |
| Process D | 5.87℃ | 7.13℃ | 9.13℃ | 9.37℃ |
TABLE 4 comparison of time-division temperatures at 10cm underground for each treatment (2 months, 15 days to 17 days)
TABLE 5 Potato growth period survey (month/day)
TABLE 6 influence of different planting patterns on the main agronomic traits and yield of potatoes
Research on root growth comparison of two cultivation modes
According to the method, root growth of a deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation mode and a low-ridge half-mulching cultivation mode of potatoes is investigated and analyzed in a new bridge village in Tang county, county and town in 2009. The variety adopted is medium potato number one, 20 plants are investigated in the growing stage in each mode treatment, and the results show that (table 7), the root length of deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation is increased by 24.16-54.1% compared with low-ridge half-mulching cultivation, the fresh weight of the root is increased by 31.46-47.59%, and the mode can promote the depth and the permeability of a plough layer to be enhanced, is favorable for the growth and the development of the root, and is favorable for the formation and the expansion of tubers.
TABLE 7 comparison of root growth in the rooting stage for different modes of cultivation
Comparison research on utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in two cultivation modes
The test is carried out in responsibility of two groups of Wuzujun of Liutaicun in Tang county, the two modes of deep-groove high-ridge full-film-mulching cultivation and low-ridge half-film-mulching cultivation and the application amount of two nitrogen fertilizers are set, and large-area comparison tests are adopted, namely treatment A: deep-trench high-ridge full-mulching cultivation, wherein 18 kg of nitrogen, 8 kg of phosphorus and 20 kg of potassium are applied per mu; and (B) treatment: deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation is carried out, and 0 kg of nitrogen, 8 kg of phosphorus and 20 kg of potassium are applied per mu; and C, treatment: low-ridge half-mulching cultivation, applying 18 kg of nitrogen, 8 kg of phosphorus and 20 kg of potassium per mu; and D, processing: and (3) low-ridge half-mulching cultivation, wherein 0 kg of nitrogen, 8 kg of phosphorus and 20 kg of potassium are applied per mu. The test variety is medium potato No. one, the test field is sand soil (alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen 61.5, quick-acting phosphorus 72.8, quick-acting potassium 152.5, pH5.1), and each treatment is 400m2. The results show that the deep-furrow high-ridge full-mulching cultivation technology has good fertilizer-retaining performance and high fertilizer utilization rate, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate can reach 33.02 percent, and the lower ridge half-mulching cultivation is improved by 9.53 percent.
TABLE 8 comparison of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates for two modes of cultivation
Note 1: the absorption amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 5 kilograms of pure nitrogen consumed for producing 1000 kilograms of fresh potatoes, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is (nutrient absorption amount of crops in a fertilization area-nutrient absorption amount of crops in a nutrient deficiency area) divided by the total amount of nutrients in the applied fertilizer.
Investigation of two cultivation modes in closed row period
According to the invention, the comparison observation of a high-ridge full-mulching cultivation mode and a low-ridge half-mulching cultivation mode of potatoes in a severe town of county in 20010 to 2012 shows that the test land is sowed synchronously, the variety is medium potato number one, and the sowing density is 4200 plants/mu. And (3) low-ridge half-film covering is performed on wide and narrow rows, wherein the narrow rows are 20cm, and the wide rows are 80 cm. The high ridges of the deep furrows are fully covered with films, the single ridges are single-row, and the row width is 65-70 cm. The closing stage, maturation stage and yield were investigated (Table 9).
TABLE 9 investigation of the two modes cultivation in the closing season and yield
The result shows that the high-ridge full-film mulching of the deep groove improves the scientificity of the plant space distribution, the distribution is uniform, the permeability is good, the closing is early (5-7 days ahead of time), and the photosynthetic benefit is high.
Through the preliminary experimental research, the deep groove high ridge full-mulching cultivation yield increase advantage is obvious, the disease resistance is strong, the commodity rate is high, the method is suitable for being popularized as a spring potato planting mode in the city of Youzhou, and the yield increase principle is mainly as follows: firstly, the effective accumulated temperature is increased, and early seedling emergence and early potato bearing are promoted. The high-ridge full-film mulching cultivation increases the contact surface with the sun illumination, has good heat preservation, and in early spring, the temperature rises early and rises quickly, the ground temperature can be raised by 2-4 ℃ in the seedling stage, the effective growth time is prolonged for 1-2 hours on average every day, the effective accumulated temperature is increased, the early seedling emergence of the spring potatoes is promoted, and the spring potatoes are ripe for 5-7 days in advance. And secondly, improving the growth environment of the root system. The deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation promotes the depth of a plough layer, can prevent rainwater or waterlogging from causing soil precipitation, can keep the soil surface from hardening all the time, increases the porosity of the soil under the film, reduces the volume weight of the soil, keeps a loose state, enhances the permeability, is beneficial to the growth and development of root systems and the formation and expansion of tubers. Especially in rainy days, the potato layer (5-25 cm under the surface soil) is positioned above the bottom of the ditch by the high ridges (about 30 cm), and the soaking phenomenon does not exist. And the low ridge semi-mulching cultivation is carried out, the potato bearing part is under the bottom of the ditch, and the potato bearing part is easy to be soaked by rainwater in rainy days. And thirdly, water retention and fertilizer conservation. The deep groove high ridge full film covering can reduce the water evaporation of soil, save drought resisting cost, reduce fertilizer loss, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, especially improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 9.53 percent, and improve the yield. Fourthly, the scientificity of the plant space distribution is improved. The high ridges of the deep groove are fully covered with the film, the single ridge is in a single row, the distribution is uniform, the permeability is good, the row sealing is early (can be earlier by 5-7 days), and the photosynthetic efficiency is high.
Claims (10)
1. A deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining a suitable application area through field soil and environment investigation; screening suitable good varieties with early maturity, high yield, high resistance and good commodity;
step two, through soil sampling test, knowing the current situation of fertilization, determining the nutrient condition of the farmland soil, formulating a fertilization scheme and additionally applying an organic fertilizer;
thirdly, a deep-groove, high-ridge and full-film-covering production mode is made by mulching film covering and scientifically reforming a ridge-making mode to deal with the early climatic characteristics of late winter dryness, late spring, rainy summer and high temperature in summer in the south;
step four, through scientific management, the film is broken in time to emerge, the late blight is comprehensively prevented and treated, and the seeds are harvested and listed at proper time;
and step five, based on the step one and the step four, carrying out deep-groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation on the potatoes.
2. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the determining of the suitable planting area through field soil and environment investigation comprises:
selecting land blocks with smooth land, sufficient water source and convenient irrigation and drainage; and the planting area is subacid soil with deep surface soil, loose structure, good drainage and ventilation and rich organic matters, and the soil which is too sticky and heavily hardened and has poor low-lying drainage is eliminated.
3. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method of claim 2, wherein the planting area is soil with deep surface soil, loose structure, good drainage and ventilation and micro acidity (pH value) of 5.5-6.5 rich in organic matters.
4. The deep groove high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the variety with early maturity, high yield, good quality, strong disease resistance, short grape-vine stem and concentrated potato bearing is selected.
5. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the fertilizing scheme and the additional application of organic fertilizer comprise the following steps:
the fertilization scheme comprises a potassium sulfate type inorganic fertilizer and a potassium sulfate type biological organic inorganic fertilizer;
the potassium sulfate type inorganic fertilizer is formulated according to the actual conditions of soil in various regions, so that the yield requirement of N, P, K for potatoes is met.
6. The deep trench high-ridge full-mulching cultivation method of claim 5, wherein the potassium sulfate type bio-organic-inorganic fertilizer is composed of 2000 ten thousand cfu/g of beneficial organisms, more than 20% of organic matter, and corresponding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements.
7. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the optimal cultivation mode comprises:
adopting a mulching film with the ridge width of 65-75cm, the ridge height of 30-35cm, single-row sowing and the width of 100cm, fully covering the mulching film and enabling the gaps between the mulching films to be 1-3 cm; the ditch is deep, narrow, straight and flat;
the low mountain plain area of the middle trip of the Yangtze river is sown from the middle ten days of 12 months to the 1 month and the next year, and the planting density is 4200 and 4500 plants/mu.
8. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the scientific management comprises:
firstly, 250 g of 50 percent zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil is used per mu before soil preparation, a small amount of water is added to dilute the mixture, then the mixture is mixed with 30 kg of toxic soil, and the mixture is uniformly spread on the ground;
secondly, when potato seeds are treated, the cut potato seeds are treated by using gypsum powder, agricultural streptomycin and thiophanate methyl according to the weight ratio of 100: 0.5: 3, uniformly mixing seeds; and spreading and airing; the proportion of the seed dressing medicine potato is 3: 100;
then, when the potato seedlings come out and reach 6-8 leaves, no frost and stable temperature, breaking the film and seedling in time;
and finally, harvesting and selling in time according to market conditions after the tubers are expanded.
9. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method of claim 8, wherein 70% mancozeb is sprayed for prevention when the daily average temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the rainfall or the air humidity exceeds 90% for more than 8 hours and 3 days during the potato growth period.
10. The deep groove high ridge full mulching cultivation method of claim 8, wherein when a central disease plant is found in the field, the pesticide is sprayed with oxadixyl-manganese zinc or metalaxyl-manganese zinc, the pesticide is controlled once every 7 days, and the control is continuously carried out for 3 times; or preventing and treating with 68.75% silver Familion at the early stage of disease onset.
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| CN108901732A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method |
| CN109601308A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-04-12 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultivation technology method of the double ridge all standing precocity water-saving efficients of potato mulch |
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| CN108901732A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method |
| CN109601308A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-04-12 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultivation technology method of the double ridge all standing precocity water-saving efficients of potato mulch |
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