CN103733857A - High-yield potato cultivating method - Google Patents
High-yield potato cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivating method of potatoes, and particularly to a high-yield potato cultivating method. The high-yield potato cultivating method comprises the steps of intensively farming and forming dead furrows, applying base fertilizer, accelerating germination, ridging and soaking seeds, sowing and carrying out field management. The high-yield potato cultivating method is used for cultivating the potatoes, the yield can be improved by 18.5%-32.7%, more than 250 kg potatoes can be increased in each mu, and the potatoes are good in surface gloss, outward appearance and mouth feeling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of potato, particularly a kind of High Yield Potato cultivation method.
Background technology
Under prior art, for making High Yield Potato, its cultivation method generally comprises following:
One, select breeding.
Two, the whole ground of selection of land.
Potato is the crop of not resistance to continuous cropping.The plot of potato and other solanaceous crops will be selected not plant in 3 years in the plot of plantation potato.Potato is very sensitive to continuous cropping reaction, produces and must avoid continuous cropping.If continuous plantation potato on plot not only causes that disease is serious, as bacterial wilt etc., and cause soil nutrient imbalance, particularly some trace element, makes potato growth bad, and plant is short and small, yields poorly, poor quality.The plant crop rotation effect of increasing production such as potato and corn, wheat are better.Potato tubers expands the fertile soil that need to loosen.Therefore, the plot of plantation potato preferably selects physical features smooth, has irrigation conditions, and the sandy loam that draining is good, topsoil is deep, loose.After previous crops results, the thin rake of deep ploughing, then bedding.The width of furrow and height will be depending on physical features, soil moistures.High-land is well-drained makes wide furrow, and physical features is low, impeded drainage to make narrow furrow or high furrow.
Three, use sufficient base manure.
Potato forms a large amount of cauline leafs and stem tuber in vegetative period, and therefore, the nutriment needing is more.In major fertilizer elements, maximum with the requirement of potassium, nitrogen takes second place, and phosphorus is minimum.Using sufficient base manure plays an important role to potato volume increase.The base manure of potato will account for 3/5 or 2/3 of total fertilizer application amount.Base manure has fertile machine as main take the heap barnyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and dung polluted water etc., coordinates phosphorus, potash fertilizer.General mu has been executed fertile machine 1000-1500 kilogram, superphosphate 15-25 kilogram, ash 100-150 kilogram.Base manure should or dig and spread manuer in holes in the soil layer below 10 centimetres in conjunction with bedding, is beneficial to plant absorption and loose knot potato layer.During sowing, people and animals' fecaluria 20-30 load that every mu of use is become thoroughly decomposed, or chemical nitrogen fertilizer 5-8 kilogram makes seed manure, makes to emerge rapidly and neat, the healthy and strong growth of short seedling.
Four, potato seed processing.
(1) selected potato seed.
On the basis of selecting breeding, select potato shape regular, there is this kind characteristic feature, potato skin is smooth, bright and lustrous, and weight is that the healthy potato seed that 1-2 two is of moderate size is planted.Select during potato seed, strictly remove epidermis be full of cracks, deformity, tip, eye necrosis, have the stem tuber of scab or the black corruption of umbilical region.
(2) stripping and slicing and little whole potato are planted.
Potato seed stripping and slicing plantation, can promote the inside and outside oxygen exchange of stem tuber, abolishes dormancy, germinates ahead of time and emerges.But during stripping and slicing, easily by cutting knife, pass disease, cause rotten kind, be short of seedling or increase Field diseases, accelerate deterioration of variety.Stripping and slicing is excessive, and sowing quantity is large, generally to be cut into 20-30 gram, is advisable.During stripping and slicing, want rip cutting, make the eye of each stripping and slicing with apical dominance.During stripping and slicing, will reject disease potato, the apparatus of stripping and slicing is wanted strict sterilization, in case pass sick.
Little whole potato is planted, and can avoid cutting knife to pass sick, and the vitality of little whole potato and drought resistance strong, after broadcasting, emerge early and neat, every cave bud number, stem number and stem tuber number increase.Thereby adopt 25 grams of healthy and strong little potatos in left and right to plant, there is significant preventing disease production-increasing effect.But little potato is short general vegetative period, and maturity is low, and resting stage is long, and often there is early ageing phenomenon in the later stage.In cultivation, need to be grasped suitable density, perform vernalization processing, Potassium, and coordinate corresponding nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, the little potato of competence exertion is made the productive potential of planting.
(3) vernalization.
Vernalization is the important measures of a diseases prevention high yield in potato culture.Broadcast front vernalization, can promote precocity, improve output.Meanwhile, in vernalization process, can eliminate the rotten potato of disease, reduce after planting field diseased plant rate or Uneven seedlings, be conducive to full stand strong sprout.Germination accelerating method: by alternate with husky layering potato seed placement, the about 3-4 layer of thickness, and remain under the optimum temperature and frequent moistening state of 20 ℃ of left and right, potato seed gets final product rudiment through about 10 days.During vernalization, potato seed is soaked seed 10-15 minute with 0.5-1ppm gibberellin liquid or 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate liquid or with 2% thiocarbamide seed soaking 20 minutes, all can be improved vernalization effect.
Five, begin sowing in good time.
The essential condition of determining potato sowing optimum period is the temperature of breeding time.To make in principle the potato knot potato Sheng phase be under daily mean temperature 15-25 ℃ condition.And this period that is suitable for the lasting growth of stem tuber is longer, gross weight is also higher.Majority is to have received late rice or semilate rice is planted later.Autumn potato is with late September to late October sowing for well, and winter potato is advisable to sow late December to mid-January.
Six, rational close planting.
The yield factors that forms potato is the product of number of plants per unit area and single plant yield.Single plant yield is heavily determined with single potato by individual plant knot potato numeral.And be contradiction between colony's volume increase and individual plant volume increase.When number of plants per unit area increases, the corresponding reduction of single plant yield, both exists certain dependence with planting density.In the scope of certain density, the output of colony increases with the increase of density; Single plant yield reduces with the increase of density.Therefore, determine that density must consider that population yield contradicts the factor coordinating and unifying with two of individual output.If density hour, although individual plant is grown, output is high, and because total strain number in unit are is little, knot potato is less, and output is not high.If density is excessive, although total strain number is many, single potato is heavy very low, and same output is not high.Therefore, rational close planting will make there is a rational group structure in unit are exactly, can make ontogeny good, can bring into play again the production-increasing function of colony, to make full use of luminous energy, soil fertility, thereby obtains high yield.From colony and individual coordinated development, consider, potato is under Common Cultivation level, and about every mu of kind 6000 strains, every strain 2-3 stem is comparatively suitable.
Seven, field management.
(1) looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings.
After potato all sprouts, look in time seedling, have filling the gaps with seedlings in time of being short of seedling, to guarantee full stand.The method of filling the gaps with seedlings is: the potato piece dense planting that during sowing, Dou is unnecessary, in field, is used for filling the gaps with seedlings.While filling the gaps with seedlings, lack in cave as ill rotten potato, be first by sick potato and its around soil dig up again and fill the gaps with seedlings.During soil drought, should dig to water in cave and plant seedling in conjunction with after using a small amount of fertilizer, to reduce transplanting seedling time, recover as early as possible growth.If there is no standby seedling, can, choose the cave of many seedlings from the ridge of field emergence in the ranks, from its female potato piece base portion, break lower unnecessary seedling, transplant and fill the gaps with seedlings.
(2) cultivation and banking.
Intertillage is loosened the soil, and makes to tie the ventilation of potato layer loosing soil, is beneficial to root growth, stolon elongation and stem tuber and expands.Before emerging, as native panel knot, should loosen the soil, in order to emerging.Qi Miaohou intertills in time for the first time, degree of depth 8-10 centimetre, and in conjunction with weeding, 10-15 days after intertillage, intertills for the second time for the first time, should be slightly shallow.While buddingging, intertill for the third time, more shallow than intertillage for the second time.And in conjunction with ridging, ridging thickness is no more than 10 centimetres, to thicken knot potato layer, avoid potato piece to expose, reduce quality.
(3) topdress.
Potato is longer from being seeded into seedling-growing time, after emerging, with clear liquid dung, add a small amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer early and impose bud seed manure, to promote seedling ramp.Impose and once tie potato fertilizer squaring period in conjunction with ridging, take potash fertilizer as main, coordinates nitrogenous fertilizer, and fertilizing amount is depending on plant growing way appearance.After blooming, generally do not refertilize, if the de-fertile early ageing phenomenon of later stage performance, available phosphorus potassium or carry out foliage-spray in conjunction with trace element.
(4) prevention and elimination of disease and pests
The disease of potato is more, and common disease has virus disease, late blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot, shot hole, canker etc.Late blight is many to be occurred before and after more time of rainwater and plant florescence.Therefore, note with bordeaux mixture or metalaxyl, preventing and treating early.The current chemical control of bacterial wilt is more difficult, prevent and treat method mainly by efficent rotation, select disease-resistant variety and with little whole potato, do the measures such as kind and prevent and treat.
The insect of potato mainly contains ladybug, grub, aphid, grub, mole cricket etc., can with medicament or the measure control such as manual catching and killing.
By above method, can guarantee normal growth and the results of potato, but its output is still lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem of prior art, the invention provides a kind of High Yield Potato cultivation method, it not only guarantees the quality of potato, and can increase substantially its output.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of High Yield Potato cultivation method, comprises intensive cultivation moisture creating, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the method for vernalization, ridging seed soaking, sowing and field management, it is characterized in that,
The method of described intensive cultivation moisture creating is specifically: chesson, and intensive cultivation, guarantees that 10 centimetres are lived natively, carries out tractor-ploughing or deeply digs 20-25 centimetre, breaks tillage pan; Moisture creating in advance: clayed ground adopts to freeze to water and freezes water, or little water logging ditch before sowing in spring; Sandy soil ground adopts sows broad irrigation about the last week;
The described method applying fertilizer to the subsoil is specifically: before arable land mu execute 80 kilograms of ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizers, organic >=45% containing 40 kilograms of 40 kilograms of nucleotide fertilizers and composite microbic bacterial fertilizers;
The method of described vernalization is specifically: bud is sandy loam, rice chaff or cavings for bed, and humidity remains on 60-70%, and temperature remains on 15 degree, puts 3 layers, 0.5 centimeter of vernalization length;
The method of described seed soaking is specifically: 90 milliliters of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agents, 30 milliliters of the 50% thiophanate-methyl suspending agents of 200,000,000/strain for every mu of potato seed, convert 5-6 jin water even spraying, continuous upset potato seed piece during spraying, guarantees that all potato seed pieces surface is stained with liquid;
The method of described bedder-planter is specifically: carry out a ridge duplicate rows plantation, row spacing 85-90 centimetre, 20 centimetres of little line-spacings, spacing in the rows 25-28 centimetre, mu field planting 5500-6000 strain, when underground 10cm soil ground temperature reaches 6-7 degree Celsius, can sow, also can select the local late frost phase to finish front 25-30 days as Suitable Sowing Period; Sowing requires kind of a piece to ridge, to push up 12 centimetres, broadcasts 500 milliliters of rear every mu of use 30% chlopyrifos microcapsule suspending agents and is watered 20-30 jin spray cave; Every mu of use 33% pendimethalin missible oil 200ml converts 20 jin of water and carries out control of weeds, then covering with plastic film;
The method of described field management is specifically:
After group, in conjunction with watering, the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 500ml that 200,000,000/strain is executed in every mu of punching, uses rear interval one week, and water-soluble fertile 5 kilograms of the full nutrition that formula is 17-9-34+TE is executed in every mu of punching;
The first order is before the flowers are in blossom, and every mu is the water-soluble boron fertilizer 30g of full nutrition fertilizer 70g+ of 17-17-16+TE with gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+ lentinan aqua 40ml+ formula;
The first order is after the flowers are in blossom, 35 grams of every mu of full nutrition fertilizers that is 17-17-16+TE with the water-soluble calcareous fertilisers 40g+ formula of dimethomorph 40g+ lentinan 40ml+25 grams per liter gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+ Imidacloprid 16g+.
The NPK formula of ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer is 15-8-17.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided by the invention is brought is:
By a kind of High Yield Potato cultivation method plantation potato of the present invention, can improve output 18.5%～32.7%, every mu of volume increase potato is more than 500 jin, and meanwhile, potato mass color is good, sell lover, mouthfeel is good.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
Embodiment mono-
A kind of High Yield Potato cultivation method of the present embodiment comprises following:
1, kind is selected: select toxicity-removing white potato.
2, soil management: chesson, intensive cultivation, guarantees 10 centimetres of active soil stratum.Can carry out tractor-ploughing or deeply dig 20-25 centimetre, breaking tillage pan, raking in time, reaching Land leveling, upper Panasonic is real, without light and shade clod, strengthens the fertilizer conservation retaining fertility of soil.
3, shift to an earlier date moisture creating: for guaranteeing that potato early emerges, early neat seedling, palpus guarantees fertilizer spraying.Clayed ground can adopt to freeze to water and freeze water, or little water logging ditch before sowing in spring.Sandy soil ground adopts more sows broad irrigation about the last week, to protect full stand and healthy seedling.
4, use sufficient base fertilizer:
According to potato regulation of fertilizer requirement, carry out rational application of fertilizers, reasonable supplement crop nutrition content demand.Before arable land mu execute 80 kilograms of ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizers (NPK fill a prescription 15-8-17), containing 40 kilograms of nucleotide fertilizers (organic >=45%) and 40 kilograms of composite microbic bacterial fertilizers.
Applying organic manure, can improve soil organic matter content, increases soil permeability, increases potato water suction fertilizer-sucting performance; The fertilizer that employing corn is raw material, contain nucleotide composition, can improve potato resistance against diseases and promote potato growing way.
Enrich composite microbic bacterial fertilizer, bacterial manure energy activating soil, activates soil beneficial microorganism activity, decomposes continuous cropping toxin, solves continuous cropping obstacle, produces organic acid, solves saline and alkaline harm, increases useful bacterial strain, suppresses soil-borne disease.
5, vernalization: vernalization can utilize sunshine temperature, also can utilize indoor temperature; Bud sandy loam, rice chaff for bed, cavings can; Humidity remains on 60-70%, (namely soil is got hold of and can be held agglomeratingly, loose one's grip and can scatter); Temperature remains on 15 about degree, puts 3 layers, stirs (in the firm roof fall of bud period), 0.5 centimeter of left and right of vernalization length after several days.
6, stripping and slicing: generally adopt spiral to cut and rip cutting method, every can not exceed two eyes, and every 25 grams-30 grams, terminal bud needs lateral dissection, and eye at most stem is many, and potato piece is little, yields poorly, and also wants thinning.Potato piece will dry otch after cutting.
7, seed soaking: every mu of potato seed is converted 5-6 jin water even spraying with 30 milliliters of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 90 milliliters+50% thiophanate-methyl suspending agents of 200,000,000/strain, potato seed piece constantly overturns during spraying, guarantee that all potato seed pieces surface is stained with liquid, by seed soaking, prevent fungus and bacterium disease, promote Potato Quality, for capturing high yield, lay the foundation.
8, ridging, begin sowing in good time
Carry out a ridge duplicate rows plantation, row spacing 85-90 centimetre, 20 centimetres of left and right of little line-spacing, spacing in the rows 25-28 centimetre of left and right.Mu field planting 55006000 strains.
When underground 10cm soil ground temperature reaches 6-7 degree Celsius, can sow, also can select the local late frost phase to finish front 25-30 days as Suitable Sowing Period, urge the suitably late sowing of potato seed of large bud.
Sowing requires kind of a piece to ridge, to push up 12 centimetres.Broadcast 500 milliliters of rear every mu of use 30% chlopyrifos microcapsule suspending agents and be watered 20-30 jin spray cave, the soil insects such as control of grubs, wireworm.Concrete operations are: the shower nozzle of sprayer is twisted off, along ridge, by cave, spray.
Every mu of use 33% pendimethalin missible oil 200ml converts 20 jin of water and carries out control of weeds, then covering with plastic film.
9, field management
After plantation, will water in time, water once while emerging, stem tuber expanding stage more can not lack of water, little water duty to water, can not broad irrigation.Accomplish to see and dryly see wetly, water does not flood the back of the body.
After group, in conjunction with watering, the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 500ml of 200,000,000/strain is executed in every mu of punching, hestening rooting strong sprout, can prevent shot hole simultaneously.Use rear interval one week, the water-soluble fertile 17-9-34+TE5 kilogram of full nutrition is executed in every mu of punching, increases nutrient supply, promotes potato piece to expand.
The first order is before the flowers are in blossom, every mu with the water-soluble boron fertilizer 30g of the full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE of every mu of use of gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+ lentinan aqua 40ml+ formula 70g+, the damage by disease and insect such as prevention field aphid, virus disease, regulate nutrient balance, increase potato self resistance, reduce disease and occur, increase photosynthesis and Nutrient Absorption, improve the yield and quality.
The first order is after the flowers are in blossom, with the full nutrition fertilizer 17-17-16+TE of every mu of use of dimethomorph 40g (or Shen piperazine mycin 30g)+lentinan 40ml+25 grams per liter gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+ water-soluble calcareous fertilisers 40g+ of Imidacloprid 16g+, fill a prescription 35 grams for every mu, prevention field aphid, the damage by disease and insect such as late blight early, blade face supplements nutrient, regulate nutrient balance, promote Nutrient Absorption.
According to this method management potato, can improve output 18.5%～32.7%, every mu of volume increase potato is more than 500 jin, and meanwhile, potato mass color is good, sell lover, mouthfeel is good.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a High Yield Potato cultivation method, comprises intensive cultivation moisture creating, applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the method for vernalization, ridging seed soaking, sowing and field management, it is characterized in that,
The method of described intensive cultivation moisture creating is specifically: chesson, and intensive cultivation, guarantees that 10 centimetres are lived natively, carries out tractor-ploughing or deeply digs 20-25 centimetre, breaks tillage pan; Moisture creating in advance: clayed ground adopts to freeze to water and freezes water, or little water logging ditch before sowing in spring; Sandy soil ground adopts sows broad irrigation about the last week;
The described method applying fertilizer to the subsoil is specifically: before arable land mu execute 80 kilograms of ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizers, organic >=45% containing 40 kilograms of 40 kilograms of nucleotide fertilizers and composite microbic bacterial fertilizers;
The method of described vernalization is specifically: bud is sandy loam, rice chaff or cavings for bed, and humidity remains on 60-70%, and temperature remains on 15 degree, puts 3 layers, 0.5 centimeter of vernalization length;
The method of described seed soaking is specifically: 90 milliliters of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agents, 30 milliliters of the 50% thiophanate-methyl suspending agents of 200,000,000/strain for every mu of potato seed, convert 5-6 jin water even spraying, continuous upset potato seed piece during spraying, guarantees that all potato seed pieces surface is stained with liquid;
The method of described bedder-planter is specifically: carry out a ridge duplicate rows plantation, row spacing 85-90 centimetre, 20 centimetres of little line-spacings, spacing in the rows 25-28 centimetre, mu field planting 5500-6000 strain, when underground 10cm soil ground temperature reaches 6-7 degree Celsius, can sow, also can select the local late frost phase to finish front 25-30 days as Suitable Sowing Period; Sowing requires kind of a piece to ridge, to push up 12 centimetres, broadcasts 500 milliliters of rear every mu of use 30% chlopyrifos microcapsule suspending agents and is watered 20-30 jin spray cave; Every mu of use 33% pendimethalin missible oil 200ml converts 20 jin of water and carries out control of weeds, then covering with plastic film;
The method of described field management is specifically:
After group, in conjunction with watering, the bacillusmusilaginosiengineering liquid bacterial agent 500ml that 200,000,000/strain is executed in every mu of punching, uses rear interval one week, and water-soluble fertile 5 kilograms of the full nutrition that formula is 17-9-34+TE is executed in every mu of punching;
The first order is before the flowers are in blossom, and every mu is the water-soluble boron fertilizer 30g of full nutrition fertilizer 70g+ of 17-17-16+TE with gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+ lentinan aqua 40ml+ formula;
The first order is after the flowers are in blossom, 35 grams of every mu of full nutrition fertilizers that is 17-17-16+TE with the water-soluble calcareous fertilisers 40g+ formula of dimethomorph 40g+ lentinan 40ml+25 grams per liter gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 60ml+ Imidacloprid 16g+.
2. a kind of High Yield Potato cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the NPK formula of described ureaformaldehyde slow-release fertilizer is 15-8-17.
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| CN106961975A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-21 | 海门市杰渊农产品有限公司 | The planting technique of high yield potato |
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| CN110199811A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-06 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods promoting late autumn in winter High Yield Potato |
| CN112154882A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-01 | 东北农业大学 | Green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of northern rice seedling raising shed |
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| CN105144903A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-16 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Potato land preparation method and application thereof to potato cultivation |
| CN106358853A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-02-01 | 山西省农业科学院植物保护研究院 | Method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of capsicum plant through root dipping in mixed chemical agent in field |
| CN107027567A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-08-11 | 韦界飞 | The cultural method of Chinese anise |
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| CN110199811A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-06 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods promoting late autumn in winter High Yield Potato |
| CN112154882A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-01 | 东北农业大学 | Green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of northern rice seedling raising shed |
| CN112970545A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-18 | 广东丽豪生物农业有限公司 | Microbial agent and application thereof in potato planting and cultivation |
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