CN112136587A - Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges - Google Patents
Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting potatoes in dry land on full-film-covered ridges in micro-furrows, relates to the technical field of dry land potato planting, and aims to solve the technical problems of low potato yield and poor quality caused by the phenomena of lack of preparation in the early stage of a planting field and limitation on potato growth in the current dry-land potato planting. In the potato planting process, the small furrows of 10-15 cm are arranged on the top surfaces of the raised large ridges, different from common full-film covered ridge furrows for planting, the small furrows of 10-15 cm can effectively prevent the rainwater at the top of the large ridges from losing and increase the rainwater infiltration rate, and meanwhile, the evaporation loss of the water in the large ridges is reduced in dry weather, so that the potato planting method is suitable for keeping the water, can reduce diseases and promote the potato production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dry land potato planting, in particular to a method for planting potatoes in dry land on micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges.
Background
Potatoes belong to solanaceae, annual herbaceous plants, tubers of which are edible, are the fourth most important grain crops in the world, and are second only to wheat, rice and corn; the potato tubers contain a large amount of starch, can provide abundant heat for human bodies, are rich in protein, amino acid, various vitamins and minerals, particularly have the most comprehensive vitamin content in all food crops, and are used as a second staple food in European and American countries, particularly in North America; potatoes are native to the andes mountain area in south america, and the history of artificial cultivation dates back to the south region of peru from 8000 to 5000 years before the first yen.
The potato is one of three grain crops in dry farming areas in northwest China, the cultivation history is long, and the sowing area is increased year by year in recent years. However, most of potatoes planted by farmers in northwest dry farming areas are still cultivated by using traditional flat-planting hilling, so that the yield of the potatoes is low, the commodity rate is low, and the production benefit is not ideal, so that the enthusiasm of the farmers for planting the potatoes is influenced, and the development of the potato industry is limited.
Chinese patent CN110663485A discloses a method for green cultivation of potatoes by dry land straw smashing and full-coverage ridge culture hole sowing, which adopts crop straws as raw materials, integrates the technologies and theories of green coverage, coverage and evaporation suppression, ridge and ditch cultivation, rainwater flow collection, ridge culture hole sowing and the like according to the principles of coverage and evaporation suppression and ridge and ditch rain collection cultivation, and changes the traditional plastic film coverage into straw coverage; the beneficial effects are that: the method takes a large amount of residual crop straws in rural areas as raw materials, overcomes increasingly serious white environmental pollution and residual soil agricultural film pollution caused by long-term mulching according to the principles of covering and steaming inhibition, furrow rain collection, ridge culture hole sowing and the like, fully covers the straws and furrows, maximally preserves soil moisture, has extremely remarkable drought-resisting and yield-increasing effects, and can effectively solve the problems of long-term water shortage and low and unstable yield of the potatoes in dry land.
However, long-term planting research shows that the early preparation of the planting field has great influence on the growth, yield and quality of the potatoes in the planting process of the potatoes in the dry farming area, so the invention provides the method for planting the potatoes in the dry farming area by covering the micro-furrows on the ridges with the whole film.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a method for planting potatoes in a dry land on a whole-film covered ridge in a micro-groove mode, aiming at solving the problems of low yield and poor quality of the potatoes caused by the phenomena that the potato planting field is lack of preparation in the early stage and the growth of the potatoes is limited in the existing potato planting in a dry land area.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a method for planting potatoes in dry land by covering micro-furrows on ridges with full films comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a planting field: selecting a land with loose soil quality, good permeability, flat terrain and 11.0-16.0% of organic matter content as a planting field, deep ploughing and stubble ploughing in time after harvesting stubble crops before the planting field, and shallow ploughing and raking a land one week before planting potatoes to obtain a pretreated planting field; generally selecting land with better water and fertilizer retention conditions, wherein the previous crops are beans, wheat or corn;
step two, fertilizing the planting field: uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the pretreated planting ground surface in the step one according to 1042 kg/mu-1548.3 kg/mu, and dividing the compound fertilizer into planting rows with the width of 100cm for later use;
step three, ridging: erecting large ridges of the planting rows in the second step according to the specification of 60cm wide and 20cm high, wherein the distance between every two large ridges is 40cm, and arranging small ditches 10 cm-15 cm wide and 10cm deep on the top surface of each large ridge to obtain a planting field with the finished ridges;
step four, film covering: mulching the planted land with the ridging completed in the third step, specifically, covering a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.008 mm-0.01 mm and the width of 120cm on the whole ground, placing the joints of the black mulching film in the space between every two large ridges, covering the joints with fine soil, tightly attaching the black mulching film to the ridge surfaces of the large ridges, transversely pressing a soil waistband along the large ridges at intervals of 2 m-3 m, covering the black mulching film for one week, tightly attaching the black mulching film to the ridge surfaces of the large ridges, and respectively drilling 1 seeding hole at intervals of 50cm in the small ditch at the top of each large ridge and the space between the large ridges for later use; the seeding holes can enable rainwater and the like to permeate into the large ridges in time;
step five, seed preparation: selecting Longshu No. 10, cutting the Longshu No. 10 into potato blocks of 30-50 g, reserving 1-2 eyes for each potato block, and spraying water on the surface of each prepared 100kg of potato blocks in a mass ratio of 0.05: 100 of 40 percent of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder and water, and then airing the water in the mixed solution to obtain pretreated potato blocks;
step six, sowing: sowing the pretreated potato blocks obtained in the fifth step under the conditions that the average temperature of air is 5-7 ℃ and the ground temperature at a position of 10cm of the ground surface is 7-8 ℃ for 15-5-10 days in 4 months, wherein the specific sowing is to firstly open a sowing hole obtained in the fourth step at the ridge top of each big ridge by using a dibbler, extract soil in the sowing hole, dibble the potato blocks into the sowing hole, open a second sowing hole, extract the soil in the second sowing hole into a first sowing hole, and so on, dibble 1 pretreated potato block obtained in the fifth step by each sowing hole, the dibbling depth is 3-5 cm, and each sowing hole is covered with soil and then is uniformly pressed; the pretreated potato blocks can be tightly contacted with soil by treading, so that the influence of a large amount of soil moisture scattering of the sowing holes and hardening in rain on seedling emergence is prevented;
step seven, harvesting: and (5) after the sowing is finished according to the sowing method in the sixth step, performing field management, disease, pest and weed control and harvesting to obtain finished potatoes, and removing waste films.
Furthermore, in the step one, the ploughing depth of deep ploughing stubble cleaning is 25.5 cm-29.5 cm.
Further, in the step one, the ploughing depth of the shallow ploughing is 5.5 cm-10.5 cm.
Further, in the second step, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium fertilizer in the combined fertilizer is 15-25: 0.18: 0.18: 0.02.
furthermore, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, adding the sheep manure and the cow manure into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 17-30: 100, adding turf, peanut shell powder and straw powder, mixing to prepare a base fertilizer with the water content of 60-62%, transferring the base fertilizer into a stirrer, and mixing the base fertilizer with the straw powder and the peanut shell powder in a mass ratio of 0.06: adding organic fertilizer zymogen liquid into the mixture 30-50, positively rotating and stirring the mixture for 10-15 min at the speed of 300-400 r/min, then reversely rotating and stirring the mixture for 10-15 min, then piling the stirred mixture into strips with the width of 1.8-2.4 m, the height of 1.3-1.8 m and the length of 3.2-3.6 m, standing and composting the strips for 15-18 days, wherein the strips are turned and thrown by a turner every 3 days during composting to obtain the organic fertilizer zymogen liquid.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the grass carbon to the peanut shell powder to the straw powder is 1: 0.3: 3.
furthermore, the organic fertilizer zymophyte liquid is prepared from an organic fertilizer zymophyte agent and water according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, preparing.
Further, in the third step, in the process of forming the large ridges according to the specification of the width of the large ridges of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the combined fertilizer is applied again according to the range of 500 kg/mu to 1000 kg/mu at the positions of 12.5cm to 15.0cm of the ridges.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for planting the micro-furrows on the dry land potato full-film covered ridges, in the potato planting process, the 10 cm-15 cm small furrows are formed on the top surfaces of the raised large ridges, which is different from common full-film covered ridge furrow planting, the 10 cm-15 cm small furrows can effectively prevent rainwater loss at the top of the large ridges and increase rainwater infiltration rate, meanwhile, evaporation loss of water of the large ridges is reduced in dry weather, the method is suitable for keeping water, diseases can be reduced, and potato production is promoted;
2. according to the method for planting potatoes in the dry land by covering the whole film on the ridges with the micro-grooves, the potatoes are planted on the large ridges, the combined fertilizer with a certain proportion is uniformly scattered on the surface of the planted ground before the large ridges are formed, and the combined fertilizer with a certain proportion is applied again at the positions of certain ridge heights in the process of forming the large ridges, so that different requirements of the potatoes on the fertilizer in different growth periods are met, the quality of the potatoes is improved, and the quality and the yield of the potatoes are improved;
3. in the dry land potato full-film-covered ridge micro-furrow planting method, the combined fertilizer applied in a grading manner on the planting ground surface and in the large ridge raising process is prepared according to the growth requirements of the potatoes in the dry farming area, and the organic fertilizer is obtained by adding grass carbon, peanut shell powder and straw powder into cow dung and sheep dung for composting, so that the dry land potato full-film-covered ridge micro-furrow planting method is rich in nutrient components and very beneficial to the growth of the potatoes in the dry farming area.
Detailed Description
The following examples further describe the invention in detail in order that those skilled in the art may better understand the invention.
Example 1
Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a planting field: selecting a land with loose soil quality, good permeability, flat terrain and 11.0 percent of organic matter content as a planting field, deep ploughing 25.5cm of stubble in time after harvesting the previous stubble crops of the planting field, and shallow ploughing 5.5cm of stubble one week before planting potatoes to rake and land to obtain a pretreated planting field; generally selecting a land with better water and fertilizer retention conditions, wherein the previous crop is soybean;
step two, fertilizing the planting field: uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the pretreated planting ground surface in the step one according to 1042 kg/mu, and dividing the compound fertilizer into planting rows with the width of 100cm for later use;
in the above, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium fertilizer in the combined fertilizer is 15: 0.18: 0.18: 0.02; the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of 1: 0.3 of sheep manure and cow manure according to the mass ratio of 17: 100, adding turf, peanut shell powder and straw powder, mixing to prepare a base fertilizer with the water content of 60%, transferring the base fertilizer into a stirrer, and mixing the base fertilizer with the straw powder according to the mass ratio of 0.06: 30, adding organic fertilizer zymogen liquid, positively rotating and stirring for 10min at the speed of 300 r/min, then reversely rotating and stirring for 10min, then piling the stirred mixture into strips with the width of 1.8m, the height of 1.3m and the length of 3.2m, standing and composting for 15 days, wherein the compost is obtained by turning and throwing the mixture once by a turner every 3 days; wherein the mass ratio of the grass carbon to the peanut shell powder to the straw powder is 1: 0.3: 3; the organic fertilizer zymophyte liquid is prepared from an organic fertilizer zymophyte agent and water according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, preparing.
Step three, ridging: erecting large ridges of the planting rows in the second step according to the specification of 60cm wide and 20cm high, wherein the distance between every two large ridges is 40cm, and forming small ditches 10cm wide and 10cm deep on the top surface of each large ridge to obtain a planting field with the ridging completed; wherein, in the process of forming the large ridges according to the specification of the large ridges with the width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the compound fertilizer is applied again according to 500 kg/mu at the position with the height of 12.5 cm;
step four, film covering: mulching is carried out on the planting land with the ridging completed in the third step, specifically, a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.008mm and the width of 120cm is covered on the whole ground, the seam of the black mulching film is arranged in the interval of each large ridge, fine soil is covered at the seam, the black mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge surface of each large ridge, a soil belt is transversely pressed along each large ridge every 2m, after the black mulching film is covered for a circle, the black mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge surface of each large ridge, and then 1 sowing hole is drilled in each small ditch at the top of each large ridge and each large ridge interval every 50cm for later use; the seeding holes can enable rainwater and the like to permeate into the large ridges in time;
step five, seed preparation: selecting Longshu No. 10, cutting the Longshu No. 10 into potato blocks of 30g, selecting 1 eye for each potato block, and spraying water on the surface of each prepared 100kg of potato blocks in a mass ratio of 0.05: 100 of 40 percent of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder and water, and then airing the water in the mixed solution to obtain pretreated potato blocks;
step six, sowing: sowing the pretreated potato blocks obtained in the fifth step under the conditions that the average temperature of air is 5 ℃ and the ground temperature at a position of 10cm of the ground surface is 7 ℃ for 15-5-10 days in 4 months, wherein the specific sowing is to firstly open the sowing holes obtained in the first step four by using a dibbler at the ridge top of each large ridge, extract soil in the sowing holes, dibble the potato blocks into the sowing holes, open the second sowing holes, extract the soil in the second sowing holes into the first sowing hole, and so on, dibbling 1 pretreated potato block obtained in the fifth step in each sowing hole, the dibbling depth is 3cm, and each sowing hole is covered with soil and then uniformly pressed; the pretreated potato blocks can be tightly contacted with soil by treading, so that the influence of a large amount of soil moisture scattering of the sowing holes and hardening in rain on seedling emergence is prevented;
step seven, harvesting: and (5) after the sowing is finished according to the sowing method in the sixth step, performing field management, disease, pest and weed control and harvesting to obtain finished potatoes, and removing waste films.
Example 2
Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a planting field: selecting a land with loose soil quality, good permeability, flat terrain and 16.0 percent of organic matter content as a planting field, deep ploughing 29.5cm of stubble in time after harvesting the stubble crops before the planting field, and shallow ploughing 10.5cm of stubble and raking a land one week before planting potatoes to obtain a pretreated planting field; generally selecting land blocks with better water and fertilizer retention conditions, wherein the previous crops are wheat;
step two, fertilizing the planting field: uniformly spreading a compound fertilizer on the pretreated planting ground surface in the step one according to 1548.3 kg/mu, and dividing the compound fertilizer into planting rows with the width of 100cm for later use;
in the above, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium fertilizer in the combined fertilizer is 25: 0.18: 0.18: 0.02; the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, mixing the sheep manure and the cow manure according to a mass ratio of 30: 100, adding turf, peanut shell powder and straw powder, mixing to prepare a base fertilizer with the water content of 62%, transferring the base fertilizer into a stirrer, and mixing the base fertilizer with the straw powder according to the mass ratio of 0.06: adding organic fertilizer zymogen liquid into 50 parts of the mixture, positively rotating and stirring the mixture for 15min at the speed of 400 r/min, then reversely rotating and stirring the mixture for 15min, then piling the stirred mixture into strips with the width of 2.4m, the height of 1.8m and the length of 3.6m, standing the strips for composting for 18 days, wherein the strips are turned and thrown by a turner once every 3 days during composting to obtain the organic fertilizer zymogen liquid; wherein the mass ratio of the grass carbon to the peanut shell powder to the straw powder is 1: 0.3: 3; the organic fertilizer zymophyte liquid is prepared from an organic fertilizer zymophyte agent and water according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, preparing.
Step three, ridging: erecting large ridges of the planting rows in the second step according to the specification of 60cm wide and 20cm high, wherein the distance between every two large ridges is 40cm, and forming small ditches 15cm wide and 10cm deep on the top surface of each large ridge to obtain a planting field with the ridging completed; wherein, in the process of forming the large ridges according to the specification of the large ridges with the width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the compound fertilizer is applied again according to 1000 kg/mu at the position with the height of 15.0 cm;
step four, film covering: mulching is carried out on the planting land with the ridging completed in the third step, specifically, a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.01mm and the width of 120cm is covered on the whole ground, the seam of the black mulching film is arranged in the interval of each large ridge, fine soil is covered at the seam, the black mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge surface of each large ridge, a soil belt is transversely pressed along each large ridge every 3m, after the black mulching film is covered for a circle, the black mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge surface of each large ridge, and then 1 sowing hole is drilled in the interval of 50cm in each small ditch at the top of each large ridge and the interval of each large ridge respectively for later use; the seeding holes can enable rainwater and the like to permeate into the large ridges in time;
step five, seed preparation: selecting Longshu No. 10, cutting the Longshu No. 10 into potato blocks of 50g, selecting 2 eyes for each potato block, and spraying water on the surface of each prepared 100kg of potato blocks in a mass ratio of 0.05: 100 of 40 percent of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder and water, and then airing the water in the mixed solution to obtain pretreated potato blocks;
step six, sowing: sowing the pretreated potato blocks obtained in the fifth step under the conditions that the average temperature of air is 7 ℃ and the ground temperature at a position of 10cm of the ground surface is 8 ℃ for 15-5-10 days in 4 months, specifically, the sowing is to open the sowing holes obtained in the first step four by using a dibbler at the ridge top of each large ridge, extract soil in the sowing holes, dibble the potato blocks into the sowing holes, open the second sowing hole, extract soil in the second sowing hole into the first sowing hole, and so on, dibbling 1 pretreated potato block obtained in the fifth step in each sowing hole, the dibbling depth is 5cm, and each sowing hole is covered with soil and then uniformly pressed; the pretreated potato blocks can be tightly contacted with soil by treading, so that the influence of a large amount of soil moisture scattering of the sowing holes and hardening in rain on seedling emergence is prevented;
step seven, harvesting: and (5) after the sowing is finished according to the sowing method in the sixth step, performing field management, disease, pest and weed control and harvesting to obtain finished potatoes, and removing waste films.
Example 3
Method for planting potatoes in dry land in micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a planting field: selecting a land with loose soil quality, good permeability, flat terrain and 13.0 percent of organic matter content as a planting field, deeply ploughing 27.5cm of stubble after harvesting crops in the previous planting field, and shallowly ploughing 8.5cm of stubble and raking a land one week before planting potatoes to obtain a pretreated planting field; generally selecting land blocks with better water and fertilizer retention conditions, wherein the previous crops are corns;
step two, fertilizing the planting field: uniformly spreading a compound fertilizer on the pretreated planting ground surface in the step one according to 1320.3 kg/mu, and dividing the compound fertilizer into planting rows with the width of 100cm for later use;
in the above, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium fertilizer in the combined fertilizer is 20: 0.18: 0.18: 0.02; the preparation process of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, adding 25 mass percent of sheep manure and cow manure: 100, adding turf, peanut shell powder and straw powder, mixing to prepare a base fertilizer with the water content of 61%, transferring the base fertilizer into a stirrer, and mixing the base fertilizer with the straw powder and the turf in a mass ratio of 0.06: 40, adding organic fertilizer zymogen liquid, positively rotating and stirring at the speed of 350 r/min for 13min, then reversely rotating and stirring for 13min, then piling the stirred mixture into strips with the width of 2.1m, the height of 1.4m and the length of 3.4m, standing and composting for 15 days, wherein the compost is obtained by turning and throwing the mixture once by a turner every 3 days; wherein the mass ratio of the grass carbon to the peanut shell powder to the straw powder is 1: 0.3: 3; the organic fertilizer zymophyte liquid is prepared from an organic fertilizer zymophyte agent and water according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, preparing.
Step three, ridging: erecting large ridges of the planting rows in the second step according to the specification of 60cm wide and 20cm high, wherein the distance between every two large ridges is 40cm, and forming small ditches 13cm wide and 10cm deep on the top surface of each large ridge to obtain a planting field with the ridging completed; wherein, in the process of forming the large ridges according to the specification of the large ridges with the width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the compound fertilizer is applied to the positions with the height of 14.0cm of the ridges according to 800 kg/mu again;
step four, film covering: mulching is carried out on the planting land with the ridging completed in the third step, specifically, a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.009mm and the width of 120cm is covered on the whole ground, the seam of the black mulching film is arranged in the interval of each large ridge, fine soil is covered at the seam, the black mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge surface of the large ridge, a soil belt is transversely pressed along the large ridge at the interval of 2.5m, after the black mulching film is covered for a circle, the black mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge surface of the large ridge, and 1 sowing hole is respectively drilled in the interval of 50cm in each small ditch at the top of each large ridge and the interval of the large ridge for later use; the seeding holes can enable rainwater and the like to permeate into the large ridges in time;
step five, seed preparation: selecting Longshu No. 10, cutting the Longshu No. 10 into potato blocks of 50g, selecting 2 eyes for each potato block, and spraying water on the surface of each prepared 100kg of potato blocks in a mass ratio of 0.05: 100 of 40 percent of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder and water, and then airing the water in the mixed solution to obtain pretreated potato blocks;
step six, sowing: sowing the pretreated potato blocks obtained in the fifth step under the conditions that the average temperature of air is 6 ℃ and the ground temperature at a position of 10cm of the ground surface is 7.5 ℃ for 15-5-10 days in 4 months, wherein the specific sowing is to firstly open the sowing holes obtained in the fourth step at the ridge top of each big ridge by using a dibbler, extract soil in the sowing holes, dibble the potato blocks into the sowing holes, open the second sowing holes, extract the soil in the second sowing holes into the first sowing hole, and so on, dibbling 1 pretreated potato block obtained in the fifth step in each sowing hole, the dibbling depth is 4cm, and each sowing hole is covered with soil and then is uniformly pressed; the pretreated potato blocks can be tightly contacted with soil by treading, so that the influence of a large amount of soil moisture scattering of the sowing holes and hardening in rain on seedling emergence is prevented;
step seven, harvesting: and (5) after the sowing is finished according to the sowing method in the sixth step, performing field management, disease, pest and weed control and harvesting to obtain finished potatoes, and removing waste films.
Examples of the experiments
To further illustrate the advancement of the method for planting potatoes in dry land by covering the whole film with furrows on ridges, the method of example 3 of the present invention was tested for yield as follows:
and (3) measuring a production place: bingxi city Ming Jia Zhou Zhen Bei Cun
Test area: 240 mu
The production measuring method comprises the following steps: randomly choose 60m2
Setting a full-film furrow potato planting method control group under the same conditions; in the full-film furrow potato planting method, the control group does not form small furrows on the top surfaces of the large ridges, and conventional fertilization and planting are adopted.
The results of the measurements are summarized in Table 1 below;
TABLE 1 test results of the method for planting potato in dry land by covering micro-furrows on ridges with full film
The data in the table 1 can be obtained, the average yield per mu of the control group of the whole-film furrow potato planting method is 2226.59kg, and the commodity rate is 74.09%, the average yield per mu of the micro-furrow planting method for covering the ridges with the whole film of the dry land potatoes in the embodiment 3 of the invention is 3478.66kg, the yield is increased by 56.23% compared with the control group of the whole-film furrow potato planting method, the commodity rate is 92.83%, and the yield is increased by 25.29% compared with the control group of the whole-film furrow potato planting method.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting potatoes in dry land by covering micro-furrows on ridges with full films is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing a planting field: selecting a land with loose soil quality, good permeability, flat terrain and 11.0-16.0% of organic matter content as a planting field, deep ploughing and stubble ploughing in time after harvesting stubble crops before the planting field, and shallow ploughing and raking a land one week before planting potatoes to obtain a pretreated planting field;
step two, fertilizing the planting field: uniformly spreading the compound fertilizer on the pretreated planting ground surface in the step one according to 1042 kg/mu-1548.3 kg/mu, and dividing the compound fertilizer into planting rows with the width of 100cm for later use;
step three, ridging: erecting large ridges of the planting rows in the second step according to the specification of 60cm wide and 20cm high, wherein the distance between every two large ridges is 40cm, and arranging small ditches 10 cm-15 cm wide and 10cm deep on the top surface of each large ridge to obtain a planting field with the finished ridges;
step four, film covering: mulching the planted land with the ridging completed in the third step, specifically, covering a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.008 mm-0.01 mm and the width of 120cm on the whole ground, placing the joints of the black mulching film in the space between every two large ridges, covering the joints with fine soil, tightly attaching the black mulching film to the ridge surfaces of the large ridges, transversely pressing a soil waistband along the large ridges at intervals of 2 m-3 m, covering the black mulching film for one week, tightly attaching the black mulching film to the ridge surfaces of the large ridges, and respectively drilling 1 seeding hole at intervals of 50cm in the small ditch at the top of each large ridge and the space between the large ridges for later use;
step five, seed preparation: selecting Longshu No. 10, cutting the Longshu No. 10 into potato blocks of 30-50 g, reserving 1-2 eyes for each potato block, and spraying water on the surface of each prepared 100kg of potato blocks in a mass ratio of 0.05: 100 of 40 percent of agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder and water, and then airing the water in the mixed solution to obtain pretreated potato blocks;
step six, sowing: sowing the pretreated potato blocks obtained in the fifth step under the conditions that the average temperature of air is 5-7 ℃ and the ground temperature at a position of 10cm of the ground surface is 7-8 ℃ for 15-5-10 days in 4 months, wherein the specific sowing is to firstly open a sowing hole obtained in the fourth step at the ridge top of each big ridge by using a dibbler, extract soil in the sowing hole, dibble the potato blocks into the sowing hole, open a second sowing hole, extract the soil in the second sowing hole into a first sowing hole, and so on, dibble 1 pretreated potato block obtained in the fifth step by each sowing hole, the dibbling depth is 3-5 cm, and each sowing hole is covered with soil and then is uniformly pressed;
step seven, harvesting: and (5) after the sowing is finished according to the sowing method in the sixth step, performing field management, disease, pest and weed control and harvesting to obtain finished potatoes, and removing waste films.
2. The method for planting potatoes in dry land on full-film covered ridges and furrows according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the deep ploughing and stubble ploughing depth is 25.5 cm-29.5 cm.
3. The method for planting potatoes in dry land on full-film covered ridges and furrows according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the shallow ploughing is 5.5cm to 10.5cm in depth.
4. The method for planting potatoes in dry land on micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium fertilizer in the combined fertilizer is 15-25: 0.18: 0.18: 0.02.
5. the method for planting potatoes in dry land on full-film covered ridges and micro furrows according to claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, adding the sheep manure and the cow manure into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 17-30: 100, adding turf, peanut shell powder and straw powder, mixing to prepare a base fertilizer with the water content of 60-62%, transferring the base fertilizer into a stirrer, and mixing the base fertilizer with the straw powder and the peanut shell powder in a mass ratio of 0.06: adding organic fertilizer zymogen liquid into the mixture 30-50, positively rotating and stirring the mixture for 10-15 min at the speed of 300-400 r/min, then reversely rotating and stirring the mixture for 10-15 min, then piling the stirred mixture into strips with the width of 1.8-2.4 m, the height of 1.3-1.8 m and the length of 3.2-3.6 m, standing and composting the strips for 15-18 days, wherein the strips are turned and thrown by a turner every 3 days during composting to obtain the organic fertilizer zymogen liquid.
6. The method for planting potatoes in dry land on full-film covered ridges and furrows according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the turf, the peanut shell powder and the straw powder is 1: 0.3: 3.
7. the method for planting potatoes in micro-furrows on dry land covered ridges through full films according to claim 5, wherein the organic fertilizer zymocyte liquid is prepared from an organic fertilizer zymocyte agent and water in a mass ratio of 1: and 5, preparing.
8. The method for planting potatoes in dry land on micro-furrows on full-film covered ridges as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, in the process of forming the large ridges according to the specifications of the large ridges with the width of 60cm and the height of 20cm, the combined fertilizer is applied again according to the height of 500 kg/mu to 1000 kg/mu at the positions of 12.5cm to 15.0cm of the ridges.
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| CN113040014A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 | Membrane rain accumulation method based on potato ridge planting |
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