CN109362506B - Sweet potato leaf planting method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a sweet potato leaf planting method, which comprises the following steps: 1) domesticating the mixed earthworms; 2) planting land arrangement: spreading the domesticated mixed earthworms on soil of a greenhouse; 3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 2-3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1-2 parts by mass of minced garlic, 2-3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 120 parts by mass of water for 8-10 minutes, taking out and airing; 4) planting sweet potato seedlings; 5) applying an organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of rotten fruits, 15-25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10-15 parts of corn stigma, 10-20 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of crushed egg shells, 5-10 parts of peat, 3-5 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of plant lactobacillus agents and 5-10 parts of bacillus liquid; 6) 2-3 internodes are left at the base part during picking, and the organic fertilizer is applied the next day after picking. The method can reduce the continuous cropping obstacles of sweet potato leaf planting, prolong the crop rotation time and improve the yield and quality of the sweet potato leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. More specifically, the invention relates to a sweet potato leaf planting method.
Background
In recent years, vegetables planted in a greenhouse can be sold on the market in different seasons and can be produced all the year round, the income of farmers is greatly increased, but the problem of continuous cropping obstacles is more prominent than that of vegetables planted in open fields, and sweet potato leaf planting is realized by picking vegetables sold on the market for multiple times through one-time field planting, and the traditional rotation method is adopted to overcome the continuous cropping obstacles and is not beneficial to sweet potato leaf planting production. The summary of continuous cropping obstacles has three main aspects: 1. the damage of the disease and the insect is aggravated; 2. salinization and acidification of soil; 3. the distribution of soil nutrients is not uniform. And continuous cropping obstacles improved by pesticides and chemical methods are easy to cause harm to soil, and are not beneficial to pollution-free, green and organic food production.
The sweet potato seedlings are plants which are easy to repeatedly infect diseases and insect pests and can quickly spread, although the diseases and the insect pests can be quickly eliminated by spraying pesticides, the growth period of the sweet potato seedlings is short, sweet potato leaves sprayed with the pesticides can be listed after a period of time, if the sweet potato leaves are picked after the pesticide effect period, some leaves are easy to age or leave insect mouths, the taste and the appearance are influenced, and if the sweet potato leaves are picked in advance, pesticide residues are easy to appear. How to prevent the disease and insect pest of the sweet potato leaves from happening and spreading repeatedly and provide nuisanceless healthy sweet potato leaves for the public is also a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the market at present.
Disclosure of Invention
As a result of a variety of extensive and intensive studies and experiments, the inventors of the present invention have found that placing mixed earthworms on a sweet potato leaf planting ground to culture and laying a rice straw layer can reduce continuous cropping obstacles of sweet potato leaf planting, prolong crop rotation time, and improve yield and quality of sweet potato leaves. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed.
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a sweet potato leaf planting method comprising the steps of:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: putting a plurality of kinds of earthworms into a domestication box, putting a mixture of 1500 weight parts of 1000-plus materials of greenhouse soil, 20-30 weight parts of cow dung, 15-20 weight parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 10-15 weight parts of crushed rice straws and 1-2 weight parts of urea into the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 8-15 days in an environment at the temperature of 20-25 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and the mixture onto soil of the greenhouse, then paving a rice straw layer, drenching the rice straw layer, then paving a 1-2cm soil layer, then scattering 1-2 kg of lime powder per mu, and standing for one day and one night; wherein, the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 5-10 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 2-3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1-2 parts by mass of minced garlic, 2-3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 120 parts by mass of water for 8-10 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) planting sweet potato seedlings at row spacing of 30-35cm and plant spacing of 20-25cm in 3-5 months, watering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ and the humidity at 60% -65%, and watering once every 2-3 days;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 150 plus 200 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of rotten fruits, 15-25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10-15 parts of corn stigma, 10-20 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of crushed egg shells, 5-10 parts of peat, 3-5 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of plant lactobacillus agents and 5-10 parts of bacillus liquid;
6) when the branch length reaches 25-30cm, potato leaves are picked for the first time and come into the market, 3-5 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 15-20 kilograms of urea are applied to the potato leaves per mu on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 2-3 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the second time, and the organic fertilizer is applied to the potato leaves per mu in an amount of 100-150 kilograms.
Preferably, the planting and transplanting in the step 4) is specifically as follows: arranging the roots of the sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of the greenhouse at a row spacing of 30-35cm and a plant spacing of 20-25cm, then planting the sweet potato seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, and obliquely pressing one end of each hard rod into soil for 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the mixed earthworms in the step 1) include a mixture of limnodrilus holothuringiensis, limnodrilus albugensis and limnodrilus weberiensis.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is fermented by the following method: mixing and crushing rotten fruits, waste vegetable leaves, corn stigma and water hyacinth, then uniformly mixing the smashed fruits, the smashed vegetable leaves, the peat, the rice bran, the plant lactobacillus agent and the bacillus liquid, sealing and composting for 2-3 days, and unfolding and placing in the open air.
Preferably, the method further comprises pest control after the planting, specifically: in the early stage of insect pest occurrence, the sweet potato leaves are completely removed, then mixed insecticidal liquid with the mass parts of 0.05-0.1 part of 1% methylamino abamectin benzoate, 0.05-0.1 part of 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion, 4-5 parts of brown sugar, 2-3 parts of eclipta alba juice, 1-2 parts of acetic acid and 150 parts of water 100 and one-tenth weight is sprayed, rice washing water is sprayed on the 3 rd-4 th day of the mixed insecticidal liquid, and then the organic fertilizer is applied.
Preferably, the method further comprises pest control after the planting, specifically: in the early stage of insect attack, the sweet potato leaves are all removed by scissors, 2-3 internodes are reserved at the base part, then mixed liquid with the mass parts of 10-15 parts of aloe juice, 5-10 parts of lemon juice and 150 parts of water 100 organic supplements is sprayed, after standing for 1-2 hours, mixed insecticidal liquid with the mass parts of 1% of emamectin benzoate 0.05-0.1 part of 50% of octathiophosphoryl emulsion 0.05-0.1 part of brown sugar 4-5 parts of eclipta alba juice 2-3 parts of acetic acid 1-2 parts of water 100 organic supplements is sprayed, rice washing water is sprayed on the 3-4 days of the mixed insecticidal liquid, and then the organic fertilizer is applied. Therefore, the absorption of the mixed insecticidal solution by sweet potato seedlings can be reduced, the mixed insecticidal solution is directly sprayed on adults or ova, and pests are induced to eat, so that the effect of comprehensively killing the pests with low toxicity is realized, the pesticide residue time can be reduced, and the probability of suffering from the pests again can be reduced.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the mixed earthworms are placed on the planting ground of the sweet potato leaves for cultivation, and a rice straw layer is laid, so that the continuous cropping obstacle of sweet potato leaf planting can be reduced, the crop rotation time is prolonged, the requirement that the sweet potato leaves are picked for multiple times for sale in one-time field planting is met, and the yield and the quality of the sweet potato leaves are improved. The sweet potato seedlings are placed in a mixed solution of 2-3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1-2 parts by mass of minced garlic, 2-3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 120 parts by mass of water for soaking for 8-10 minutes, so that insect pests such as leaf roller eggs and the like can be reduced from being brought into a planting field, and the damage of sweet potato leaves to leaf roller and the like is reduced. The organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting 10-15 parts of rotten fruits, 15-25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10-15 parts of corn stigma, 10-20 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of broken egg shells, 5-10 parts of peat, 3-5 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum and 5-10 parts of bacillus liquid, is not only food for earthworms, but also fertilizer for sweet potato seedlings, can promote the movement activity and growth of the earthworms, can obtain excrement of the earthworms to increase the fertility of soil, overcomes the defect that continuous cropping obstacles easily appear in the soil, further promotes the sweet potato seedlings to rapidly flourish and grow, and enhances the energy for resisting plant diseases and insect pests. Arranging the roots of the sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of the greenhouse at a row spacing of 30-35cm and a plant spacing of 20-25cm, then planting the sweet potato seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, and obliquely pressing one end of each hard rod into soil for 10-15 cm. Can ensure that the planting speed is high, the turning over to the soil surface is less, and the weed germination is reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
A sweet potato leaf planting method comprises the following steps:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: putting a plurality of kinds of earthworms into a domestication box, putting a mixture of 1000 parts by mass of greenhouse soil, 20 parts by mass of cow dung, 15 parts by mass of eucalyptus sawdust, 10 parts by mass of crushed rice straws and 1 part by mass of urea into the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 8 days in an environment at the temperature of 20 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and 60 kg/mu of mixture on the soil of the greenhouse, then laying a rice straw layer, drenching the soil, then laying a 1cm soil layer, scattering 1 kg/mu of lime powder, and standing for one day and one night; wherein the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 5 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 2 parts by mass of crude salt, 1 part by mass of minced garlic, 2 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 100 parts by mass of water for 8 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) in 3 months, sweet potato seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 30cm and the plant spacing of 20cm, then are watered, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 60 percent, and the watering is carried out once every 2 days; planting the sweet potato seedlings by traditional ditching, and then obliquely burying one end of each sweet potato seedling in soil for 15 cm;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 150 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of rotten fruits, 15 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10 parts of corn stigma, 10 parts of water hyacinth, 5 parts of crushed egg shells, 5 parts of peat, 3 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of plant lactobacillus agents and 5 parts of bacillus bacteria liquid; wherein, when insect pests appear after the planting, 10 ml of the traditional 1% emamectin benzoate is sprayed on 15 kg of water;
6) when the branches reach 25cm, potato leaves are picked for the first time and come to the market, 3 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 15 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of the potato leaves on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 2 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second time, and 100 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the potato leaves on the second day after the potato leaves are picked.
Example 2
A sweet potato leaf planting method comprises the following steps:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: putting a plurality of kinds of earthworms into a domestication box, putting a mixture of 1500 parts by mass of greenhouse soil, 30 parts by mass of cow dung, 20 parts by mass of eucalyptus sawdust, 15 parts by mass of crushed rice straws and 2 parts by mass of urea into the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 15 days in an environment at 25 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and 100 kg/mu of mixture on the soil of the greenhouse, then laying a rice straw layer, drenching the soil, then laying a 2cm soil layer, scattering 2 kg/mu of lime powder, and standing for one day and one night; wherein the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 10 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 3 parts by mass of crude salt, 2 parts by mass of minced garlic, 3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 120 parts by mass of water for 10 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) in the month of 5, arranging the roots of sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of a greenhouse at a row spacing of 35cm and a plant spacing of 25cm, then planting the sweet potato seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, obliquely pressing one end of each sweet potato seedling into soil for 15cm by using one end of each hard rod, then watering, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity at 65 percent in the greenhouse, and watering once every 3 days;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 200 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of rotten fruits, 25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 15 parts of corn stigma, 20 parts of water hyacinth, 8 parts of crushed egg shells, 10 parts of peat, 5 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum agents and 10 parts of bacillus liquid; wherein, when insect pests appear after the planting, 10 kg of water is sprayed with 10 ml of the traditional 50% phoxim emulsion;
6) when the branches reach 30cm, potato leaves are picked for the first time and come to the market, 5 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 20 kilograms of urea is applied to the potato leaves per mu in the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 2-3 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second day after the potato leaves are picked, and 150 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to the potato leaves per mu.
Example 3
A sweet potato leaf planting method comprises the following steps:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: mixing and placing the limnodrilus ginseng, the limnodrilus albugineus and the limnodrilus williamsii in a domestication box, placing a mixture of 1200 parts by mass of greenhouse soil, 25 parts by mass of cow dung, 17 parts by mass of eucalyptus sawdust, 12 parts by mass of crushed rice straw and 2 parts by mass of urea in the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 8-15 days in an environment at the temperature of 20-25 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and 50 kg/mu of mixture on the soil of the greenhouse, then laying a rice straw layer, drenching the soil, then laying a 2cm soil layer, scattering 2 kg/mu of lime powder, and standing for one day and one night; wherein the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 8 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1 part by mass of minced garlic, 3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 110 parts by mass of water for 9 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) in 4 months, arranging the roots of sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of a greenhouse at a row spacing of 35cm and a plant spacing of 22cm, then planting the sweet potato seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, obliquely pressing one end of each sweet potato seedling into soil for 12cm by using one end of each hard rod, then watering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 23 ℃ and the humidity at 60%, and watering once every 3 days;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 160 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of rotten fruits, 20 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10 parts of corn stigma, 15 parts of water hyacinth, 7 parts of crushed egg shells, 8 parts of peat, 4 parts of rice bran, 7 parts of lactobacillus plantarum agents and 6 parts of bacillus liquid; wherein, the organic fertilizer is fermented by the following method: mixing and crushing rotten fruits, waste vegetable leaves, corn stigma and water hyacinth, then uniformly mixing the smashed fruits, the smashed vegetable leaves, the peat, the rice bran, the plant lactobacillus agent and the bacillus liquid, sealing and composting for 3 days, and unfolding the mixture to be placed in the open air; wherein, when insect pests appear after the planting, 10 ml of each of 1% methylamino abamectin benzoate and 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion is sprayed on 15 kg of water;
6) when the branches reach 25cm, potato leaves are picked for the first time and come to the market, 4 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 15 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of the potato leaves on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 3 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second time, and 120 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the potato leaves on the second day after the potato leaves are picked.
Example 4
A sweet potato leaf planting method comprises the following steps:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: mixing and placing the limnodrilus ginseng, the limnodrilus albugineus and the limnodrilus williamsii in a domestication box, placing a mixture of 1500 parts by mass of greenhouse soil, 20 parts by mass of cow dung, 20 parts by mass of eucalyptus sawdust, 10 parts by mass of crushed rice straw and 2 parts by mass of urea in the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 15 days in an environment at the temperature of 20 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and 70 kg/mu of mixture on the soil of the greenhouse, then laying a rice straw layer, drenching the soil, then laying a 1cm soil layer, scattering 2 kg/mu of lime powder, and standing for one day and one night; wherein the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 5 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1 part by mass of minced garlic, 3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 100 parts by mass of water for 8 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) in the month of 5, arranging the roots of sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of a greenhouse at a row spacing of 30cm and a plant spacing of 25cm, then planting the sweet potato seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, obliquely pressing one end of each sweet potato seedling into soil for 10cm by using one end of each hard rod, then watering, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the humidity at 65 percent in the greenhouse, and watering once every 2 days;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 200 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of rotten fruits, 25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10 parts of corn stigma, 20 parts of water hyacinth, 5 parts of crushed egg shells, 10 parts of peat, 3 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of plant lactobacillus agents and 5 parts of bacillus bacteria liquid; the organic fertilizer is fermented by the following method: mixing and crushing rotten fruits, waste vegetable leaves, corn stigma and water hyacinth, then uniformly mixing the smashed fruits, the smashed vegetable leaves, the peat, the rice bran, the plant lactobacillus agent and the bacillus liquid, sealing and composting for 3 days, and unfolding the mixture to be placed in the open air; wherein, the prevention and control of the insect pest after the planting specifically is: in the early stage of insect pest occurrence, completely removing sweet potato leaves, spraying a mixed insecticidal solution with the mass parts of 1% of emamectin benzoate 0.05 part, 50% of octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion 0.1 part, 4 parts of brown sugar, 3 parts of eclipta alba juice, 1 part of acetic acid and 150 parts of water, spraying rice washing water on the 4 th day of the mixed insecticidal solution, and applying the organic fertilizer;
6) when the branches reach 25cm, the potato leaves are picked for the first time and come to the market, 5 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 15-20 kg of urea is applied to the potato leaves per mu on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 2 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second day after the potato leaves are picked, and 150 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the potato leaves per mu.
Example 5
A sweet potato leaf planting method comprises the following steps:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: mixing and placing the limnodrilus ginseng, the limnodrilus albugineus and the limnodrilus williamsii in a domestication box, placing a mixture of 1000 parts by mass of greenhouse soil, 30 parts by mass of cow dung, 15 parts by mass of eucalyptus sawdust, 15 parts by mass of crushed rice straw and 1 part by mass of urea in the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 8 days in an environment at 25 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and 80 kg/mu of mixture on the soil of the greenhouse, then laying a rice straw layer, drenching the soil, then laying a 2cm soil layer, scattering 2 kg/mu of lime powder, and standing for one day and one night; wherein the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 5 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1 part by mass of minced garlic, 3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 100 parts by mass of water for 10 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) in 3 months, arranging the roots of sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of a greenhouse at a row spacing of 35cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, then planting the sweet potato seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, obliquely pressing one end of each sweet potato seedling into soil for 15cm by using one end of each hard rod, then watering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20 ℃ and the humidity at 60%, and watering once every 2 days;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 200 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of rotten fruits, 25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10 parts of corn stigma, 20 parts of water hyacinth, 8 parts of crushed egg shells, 10 parts of peat, 5 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum agents and 10 parts of bacillus liquid; the organic fertilizer is fermented by the following method: mixing and crushing rotten fruits, waste vegetable leaves, corn stigma and water hyacinth, then uniformly mixing the smashed fruits, the smashed vegetable leaves, the peat, the rice bran, the plant lactobacillus agent and the bacillus liquid, sealing and composting for 2-3 days, and unfolding the mixture to be placed in the open air; wherein, the prevention and control of the insect pest after the planting specifically is: in the early stage of insect attack, removing all sweet potato leaves by using scissors, reserving 2 internodes at the base part, then spraying a mixed solution of 15 parts by mass of aloe juice, 5 parts by mass of lemon juice and 100 parts by mass of water, standing for 1 hour, spraying a mixed insecticidal solution of 0.1 part by mass of 1% emamectin benzoate, 0.05 part by mass of 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion, 5 parts by mass of brown sugar, 2 parts by mass of eclipta alba juice, 1 part by mass of acetic acid and 100 parts by mass of water, spraying rice washing water on the 3 rd day of the mixed insecticidal solution, and then applying the organic fertilizer;
6) when the branches reach 25cm, the potato leaves are picked for the first time and come to the market, 5 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 20 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of the potato leaves on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 2 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second day after the potato leaves are picked, and 150 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the potato leaves.
To illustrate the effects of the present invention, the inventors provide comparative experiments as follows:
< comparative example >
Eight adjacent lands are selected in the greenhouse, the lands are separated by plastic films, the soil of each land is also separated by the plastic films to have the depth of 35 centimeters, and the average depth of each land is 100 square meters, wherein the method of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3, the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5 is respectively adopted for planting the sweet potato leaves in five lands.
Comparative example 1: selecting a sixth land, and selecting the sixth land in the steps 1) and 2) without domesticating and planting earthworms and scattering the earthworms on the fifth land of the greenhouse, wherein other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2: selecting the seventh plot, soaking the sweet potato seedlings by using the traditional 70% thiophanate methyl for 10 minutes in the step 3), and other steps are the same as the step 1.
Comparative example 3: eighth, the organic fertilizer used in the steps 5) and 6) was selected differently from that of the example 1, but all the organic fertilizers applied were composted with chicken and duck droppings, and other steps were the same as those of the example 1.
For example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, the rotation year of planting, the total yield and soil PH value in the 3 rd year of planting, the total yield and soil PH value in the 4 th year of planting, the number of times leaf rollers are suffered in the first half year of planting, the planting time of each block, weeds begin to sprout in the first day after planting, the average number of days after insect killing and the number of days of pesticide residue were counted respectively, see table 1. In examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 and 3, the other crops were planted in the 4.5 th ring, and the weight of earthworms captured by the crops was: 132kg, 146kg, 129kg, 111kg, 133kg, 3kg, 119kg, 31 kg.
Table 1:
the data in table 1 show that the sweet potato leaf planting method can prolong the crop rotation period of soil, improve the yield of sweet potato leaves, obtain earthworms with excellent quality, and capture a large number of high-quality large earthworms when crop rotation is needed, thereby being a good income. And the insect damage is less, the use frequency of pesticide and pesticide residue are reduced, and the edible safety of the sweet potato leaves is improved.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The sweet potato leaf planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) domesticating mixed earthworms: putting a plurality of kinds of earthworms into a domestication box, putting a mixture of 1500 weight parts of 1000-plus materials of greenhouse soil, 20-30 weight parts of cow dung, 15-20 weight parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 10-15 weight parts of crushed rice straws and 1-2 weight parts of urea into the domestication box, spraying rice washing water once every two days, and domesticating for 8-15 days in an environment at the temperature of 20-25 ℃;
2) planting land arrangement: ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil of the greenhouse, then scattering domesticated mixed earthworms and the mixture onto soil of the greenhouse, then paving a rice straw layer, drenching the rice straw layer, then paving a 1-2cm soil layer, then scattering 1-2 kg of lime powder per mu, and standing for one day and one night; wherein, the amount of the domesticated mixed earthworms scattered per mu is 5-10 kg;
3) soaking sweet potato seedlings in a mixed solution of 2-3 parts by mass of crude salt, 1-2 parts by mass of minced garlic, 2-3 parts by mass of chinaberry leaf juice and 120 parts by mass of water for 8-10 minutes, taking out and airing;
4) arranging the roots of the sweet potato seedlings on the planting ground of the greenhouse at a row spacing of 30-35cm and a plant spacing of 20-25cm in 3-5 months, then planting the seedlings by using hard rods thicker than the sweet potato seedlings, obliquely pressing one end of each sweet potato seedling into soil for 10-15cm at one end of each hard rod, then watering, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60% -65%, and watering once every 2-3 days;
5) applying organic fertilizer once in 15 days after planting, wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 150 plus 200 kg per mu; the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of rotten fruits, 15-25 parts of waste vegetable leaves, 10-15 parts of corn stigma, 10-20 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of crushed egg shells, 5-10 parts of peat, 3-5 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of a lactobacillus plantarum agent and 5-10 parts of a bacillus liquid; still include the prevention and cure of pest after planting, specifically do: in the early stage of insect pest occurrence, removing all sweet potato leaves by using scissors, reserving 2-3 internodes at the base part, then spraying a mixed solution of 10-15 parts by mass of aloe juice, 5-10 parts by mass of lemon juice and 100 parts by mass of water, standing for 1-2 hours, spraying a mixed insecticidal solution of 0.05-0.1 part by mass of 1% emamectin benzoate, 0.05-0.1 part by mass of 50% octyl sulfur phosphorus emulsion, 4-5 parts by mass of brown sugar, 2-3 parts by mass of eclipta alba juice, 1-2 parts by mass of acetic acid and 100 parts by mass of water, spraying rice washing water on 3-4 days after the mixed insecticidal solution is sprayed, and then applying the organic fertilizer;
6) when the branch length reaches 25-30cm, potato leaves are picked for the first time and come into the market, 3-5 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the first time, 15-20 kilograms of urea are applied to the potato leaves per mu on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for the first time, the potato leaves are picked for 1 time every other week later, 2-3 internodes are reserved at the base part when the potato leaves are picked for the second time, and the organic fertilizer is spread on the second day after the potato leaves are picked for 100-150 kilograms.
2. The method for planting sweet potato leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed earthworms in step 1) comprise a mixture of lumbricus aspergillum, lumbricus albuginea and lumbricus williamsii.
3. The sweet potato leaf planting method according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the organic fertilizer is fermented by the following method: mixing and crushing rotten fruits, waste vegetable leaves, corn stigma and water hyacinth, then uniformly mixing the smashed fruits, the smashed vegetable leaves, the peat, the rice bran, the plant lactobacillus agent and the bacillus liquid, sealing and composting for 2-3 days, and unfolding and placing in the open air.
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