CN105660538B - A kind of method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility - Google Patents
A kind of method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660538B CN105660538B CN201610000846.4A CN201610000846A CN105660538B CN 105660538 B CN105660538 B CN 105660538B CN 201610000846 A CN201610000846 A CN 201610000846A CN 105660538 B CN105660538 B CN 105660538B
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- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000912926 Metaphire tschiliensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000237636 Pheretima Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010051210 beta-Fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000021267 infertility disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001573 invertase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000000000 soil microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility, it is related to a kind of vegetable crop method, before methods described is included in vegetable crop sowing or transplanting, by field crop maize straw and cow dung with 1:1‑5:1 ratio is decomposed, is then applied with 1,000 5000 kgs/acre of input amount in continuous cropping soil；Turn over, ridging, with 5,000 6000/mu input amounts by white stem Pheretimatschiliensis average input into continuous cropping soil；Temperature, humidity are adjusted, tempers survival ability of the earthworm in continuous cropping soil：After earthworm existence is taken exercise, degredation plastic film, sowing or transplanting crop are covered, carries out normal field management.This method in vegetable field ridging overlay film, moisturizing, also avoids aerial part from having harmful effect to the earthworm in soil when spraying medicine using degradable plastic film, is a kind of effective complex method for overcoming facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetable crop method, overcome vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility more particularly to one kind
Method.
Background technology
Due to the specialization of facilities vegetable, industrialization production, the vegetable crop continuous cropping phenomenon in facility is commonplace.Wherein
The vegetable continuous croppings such as eggplant, capsicum, tomato, cucumber more than 3 years, the incidence of disease is up to 50%-80%.Cause vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle
Reason is mainly nutrient imbalance in soil, causes crop physiological disease；In other facility under Continuous Mono-cropping, cause of disease in soil
Bacterium number amount is continuously increased, and causes soil-borne disease to increase.How to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable crop in facility, be facilities vegetable production
Industry urgent problem to be solved.
Vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle effective measures are overcome to have application wormcast.Wormcast is that organic fertilizer is natural in earthworm body
With reference to product, as a kind of new organic fertilizer, have the characteristics that free from extraneous odour, water-absorbing-retaining water penetration are strong, plant can be improved
The photosynthesis and soil fertility of thing, have the function that to keep a full stand of seedings, strong sprout, disease and insect resistance and suppress harmful bacteria and soil-borne disease.
After applying wormcast, the leaf area of crop, chlorophyll content in leaf blades, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content increase.Separately
Outside, after wormcast is manured into soil, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase be less than the quantity of the micelle body of 5 μm of grades in soil, make soil inflation and water holding
The ratio of hole is appropriate, and so as to coordinate the soil water, fertilizer, gas and the relation of heat, while also to dramatically increase soil effective for wormcast
The nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc., it can also strengthen the activity of Soil protease, invertase, urase and phosphatase etc..Wormcast with
Original soil nutrient is compared, and humus content improves 36%~160% compared with original soil in earthworm excrement, full nitrogen increase by 75%~105%, wherein rapid available phosphorus
Increase by 20%~68%, available potassium increase by 19%~36%.By taking tomato as an example, the processing of wormcast mixing organic fertilizer is applied, tomato soil passes
The disease incidence of disease reduces by more than 80%, and tomato yield improves 20% or so.Wormcast can control cucumber at seedling stage to a certain extent
The generation of soil-borne disease, and can be obviously promoted growth effects, the different degree to controlling disease of wormcast content are not yet
Together, wormcast matches with soil（Volume ratio is 1:5）When, can maximally effective control disease, preventive effect degree is up to 96.1%.Wormcast
The effect of vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle is overcome to be subjected to approving, but produce wormcast to need place, facility, human and material resources
Input, there is the problem of transporting after wormcast production, it is therefore, higher from economic benefit, cost.
Because the production of facilities vegetable is, it is necessary to which the soil moisture, humidity match with the growth conditions of earthworm.Therefore, this hair
It is bright directly to add earthworm in covered soil.Earthworm has higher stability and excellent fertilizer-preserving ability, is referred to as " miniature
Workshop of improving the soil ".Earthworm can not only change the physical of soil by the vital movements such as defecation of constantly getting into the cave and handle up in length and breadth
Matter, hardened lean soil is become loose porous, venting and water permeable, fertile soil, and crop root growth can be promoted.Earthworm
There is highly important influence to the physical condition needed for soil texture, formation of the agglomerates and plant growth and Nutrient Absorption.Have
Research has shown that have in the surrounding soil that earthworm inhabites, and element such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium etc. of many inorganic salts can increase several times.This
Invention is in the selection of earthworm kind, selection Pheretima californica, long 80 ~ 150 mm, wide 2.5 ~ 5.0 mm, grey or chestnut in the back side
Color, rear portion light green, there is the characteristics of distributed more widely, colonization property is preferable, preferably cultivated in the crop fields such as vegetable plot, sweet potato, loosen the soil,
It is preferable to produce excrement, infertile field effect.
The field crops such as corn and vegetable crop Interspecific relationship are distant, therefore biochemical substances are different between the two, this
Applicant has found that maize straw organic fertilizer can effectively alleviate capsicum continuous cropping obstacle in early-stage Study.Another forefathers' research shows have
Machine fertilizer has mitigation to the continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable crop.Also, maize straw and the decomposed rear nursing earthworm of cow dung, earthworm
Daily gain positive effect, show that maize straw and cow dung can be as the feeds of earthworm after decomposed.Therefore the present invention utilizes corn stalk
Stalk and cow dung are with 1:1-5:1 ratio is decomposed, then applies facilities vegetable continuous cropping soil with 1000-5000 kgs/acre of input amount
In earth.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility, this method uses can
Degradation plastic film moisturizing, also avoids aerial part from having not to the earthworm in soil when spraying medicine in vegetable field ridging overlay film
Good influence；Using be advantageous in facility earthworm growth the soil moisture, damp condition, increase maize straw mixed with cow dung it is organic
Fertilizer, directly adds Pheretima californica, covers degradable plastic film, is a kind of effectively to overcome answering for facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle
Conjunction method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility, methods described include procedure below：
1）Before vegetable crop is sowed or transplants, by field crop maize straw and cow dung with 1:1-5:1 ratio is decomposed,
Then applied with 1000-5000 kgs/acre of input amount in continuous cropping soil；
2）Turn over, ridging, with 5000-6000 bars/mu input amount by white stem Pheretimatschiliensis average input into continuous cropping soil；
3）Temperature, humidity are adjusted, tempers survival ability of the earthworm in continuous cropping soil：By adjusting leaking informaton the time for greenhouse
With the size for the mouth that leaks informaton, temperature in facility is adjusted, ensures the soil moisture at 15-20 DEG C, by irrigating, ensures that soil moisture exists
Between 60%-70%, this condition is kept for 5 days, and optimal living environment is created to earthworm；The time and put by adjusting leaking informaton for greenhouse
The size in air port, temperature in facility is adjusted, ensure the soil moisture at 18-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture in 50%-
Between 60%, this condition is kept for 5 days；Repeat to take exercise for the first time, i.e.,：By adjusting leak informaton time and the size for the mouth that leaks informaton in greenhouse,
Temperature in facility is adjusted, ensures the soil moisture at 15-20 DEG C, by irrigating, ensures soil moisture between 60%-70%, this
Part is kept for 5 days, and optimal living environment is created to earthworm；Pass through the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, regulation
Temperature in facility, ensure the soil moisture at 20-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 65%-75%, this condition is protected
Hold 5 days；
4）After earthworm existence is taken exercise, degredation plastic film, sowing or transplanting crop are covered, carries out normal field management
.
Advantages of the present invention is with effect：
The present invention is added maize straw mixing organic fertilizer, can effectively be overcome facility vegetable using the principle that counteracted each other between crop
Dish continuous cropping obstacle；Maize straw and cow dung organic fertilizer simultaneously, also provide sufficient feed for earthworm, are advantageous to the growth of earthworm；
Soil in protected field temperature, humidity needed for plant growth, also provided a favorable guarantee for earthworm growth；Degradable mulch is covered, is ensured
The soil moisture, humidity, it also avoid pollution of the agricultural chemicals to soil.Therefore, the present invention utilizes maize straw, cow dung mixed fertilizer and earthworm
Earthworm, the continuous cropping obstacle of facilities vegetable is effectively overcome, cost is low, high efficiency, improves vegetable crop quality.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of complex method for overcoming facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.1st, before vegetable crop is sowed or transplants, crop field is made
Thing maize straw is with cow dung with 1:1 ratio is decomposed, is then applied with 1000 kgs/acre of input amount in continuous cropping soil.2nd, turn over
Plough, ridging, with 5000/mu input amounts by white stem Pheretimatschiliensis average input into continuous cropping soil.3rd, temperature, humidity, forging are adjusted
Refine survival ability of the earthworm in continuous cropping soil：By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, adjust in facility
Temperature, ensureing the soil moisture at 15-20 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 60%-70%, this condition is kept for 5 days,
Optimal living environment is created to earthworm；By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, temperature in facility is adjusted,
Ensure the soil moisture at 18-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 50%-60%, this condition is kept for 5 days；Repeat the
Once take exercise；By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, temperature in facility is adjusted, ensures that the soil moisture exists
20-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 65%-75%, this condition is kept for 5 days.4th, after earthworm existence is taken exercise, cover
Lid degredation plastic film, sowing or transplanting crop, normal field management.
Embodiment 2
A kind of complex method for overcoming facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.1st, before vegetable crop is sowed or transplants, crop field is made
Thing maize straw is with cow dung with 5:1 ratio is decomposed, is then applied with 2000 kgs/acre of input amount in continuous cropping soil.2nd, turn over
Plough, ridging, with 6000/mu input amounts by white stem Pheretimatschiliensis average input into continuous cropping soil.3rd, temperature, humidity, forging are adjusted
Refine survival ability of the earthworm in continuous cropping soil：By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, adjust in facility
Temperature, ensureing the soil moisture at 15-20 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 60%-70%, this condition is kept for 5 days,
Optimal living environment is created to earthworm；By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, temperature in facility is adjusted,
Ensure the soil moisture at 18-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 50%-60%, this condition is kept for 5 days；Repeat the
Once take exercise；By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, temperature in facility is adjusted, ensures that the soil moisture exists
20-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 65%-75%, this condition is kept for 5 days.4th, after earthworm existence is taken exercise, cover
Lid degredation plastic film, sowing or transplanting crop, normal field management.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility, it is characterised in that methods described includes procedure below：1）Before vegetable crop is sowed or transplants, by field crop maize straw and cow dung with 1:1-5:1 ratio is decomposed, then Applied with 1000-5000 kgs/acre of input amount in continuous cropping soil；2）Turn over, ridging, with 5000-6000 bars/mu input amount by white stem Pheretimatschiliensis average input into continuous cropping soil；3）Temperature, humidity are adjusted, tempers survival ability of the earthworm in continuous cropping soil：The time and put by adjusting leaking informaton for greenhouse The size in air port, temperature in facility is adjusted, ensure the soil moisture at 15-20 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture in 60%- Between 70%, this condition is kept for 5 days, and optimal living environment is created to earthworm；By leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse Size, adjust facility in temperature, ensure the soil moisture at 18-25 DEG C, by irrigate, ensure soil moisture 50%-60% it Between, this condition is kept for 5 days；Repeat to take exercise for the first time, i.e.,：Pass through the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, regulation Temperature in facility, ensure the soil moisture at 15-20 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 60%-70%, this condition is protected Hold 5 days, optimal living environment is created to earthworm；By the size of leak informaton time and the mouth that leaks informaton that adjust greenhouse, facility is adjusted Interior temperature, ensure the soil moisture at 20-25 DEG C, by irrigating, ensure soil moisture between 65%-75%, this condition keeps 5 My god；4）After earthworm existence is taken exercise, degredation plastic film, sowing or transplanting crop are covered, carries out normal field management i.e. Can.
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| CN109479830A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-19 | 中国热带农业科学院广州实验站 | A kind of earthworm culture method with vegetables symbiosis |
| CN109362506B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-01-21 | 张向英 | Sweet potato leaf planting method |
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| CN111837493A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 宁夏大学 | Method for improving continuous cropping obstacle and salinization of facility soil |
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