CN104429751B - Organic selenium-enrichment rice planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

An organic selenium-enrichment rice planting method comprises the following steps that (1) EM original solutions, brown sugar or molasses and water are mixed and cultured in a sealing mode to prepare mother liquor, and the mother liquor and organic fermentation materials are subjected to mixing sealing fermentation to prepare EM organic fermentation fertilizer; (2) silicon fertilizer and dry fine soil are stirred and mixed and then are mixed into the EM organic fermentation fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied to a field before field ploughing; (3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing are carried out; (4) an EM original solution diluent is used as weaning fertilizer and before-transplanting fertilizer; (5) strong seedlings are selected for transplanting, and during field ploughing, the EM original solution diluent is sprayed; (6) seedling roots are soaked in the EM original solution; (7) rice chaff grass control is carried out; and (8) after seedling transplanting growth resuming, the EM original solution diluent is used for topdressing, fertilizer is applied in a spraying mode for one time from an initial ear period to a full heading period, and selenium-enrichment agents are mixed into the EM original solution diluent. The planting method is easy to operate, high in yield and organically environmentally friendly, weeds, pests and diseases can be effectively controlled and prevented, and rice obtained through the method has the advantages of being high in selenium content, good in quality and high in food safety.

Description

The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice

Technical field

The present invention relates to Rice Cropping field, relate in particular to a kind of implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice.

Background technology

Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu has tract, and its ecological environment is superior, and empty gas and water, soil property amount detect through quality supervision department, meet Organic rice produces, therefore throughout the year famous to produce organic rice, asks consumer in an endless stream.Change for making organic rice produce upgrading further In generation, in recent years, we have studied organic Se-rich rice and produce.

Organic Se-rich rice is it is simply that make Oryza sativa L. contain selenium with technique of enriched selenium while producing organic rice process.Research is organic The reason selenium-rich seed rice is planted：One is selenium-rich；Two is high-quality；Three is health care diseases prevention；Four is safe and efficient.

So-called selenium-rich, is that the rice selenium content making production is significantly higher than general rice, and selenium content is up to more than 200 μ g/kg, It is 79 times of general rice.

So-called high-quality, is because that selenium can affect the level of some organic compound in plant body to a certain extent, thus It is effectively improved organic rice quality further, make the protein in rice and the increase of most of amino acid content, the brown rice of Oryza glutinosa Rate and head rice rate improve, and broken rice rate and chalky rice rate reduce, the grain of rice is translucent, glossy, boil after viscous moisten good to eat, food flavor Good.

So-called health care diseases prevention, be selenium since being realized, its health value is more and more paid close attention to by people.Rice is made For the staple food of world population, it is the main source of human body selenium, the raising of rice Se content can directly enhance the nutrition of human body selenium Situation, the problem that effectively solving low selenium area human body selenium intake is not enough, there is health protection and disease prevention function, can prevent and treat with Some related human diseasess of selenium deficiency.

So-called safe and efficient, it is because, with significantly changing of the aggravation of environmental pollution, people life style and meals mode Become, mineral element nutrient imbalance has become the key factor of impact human health.It is reported that, there are 48 countries to lack selenium in the world, There is different degrees of selenium deficiency in Chinese 2/3 area about 1,000,000,000 people.Human body selenium supplement has two approach：Medicine selenium supplement and food chain are mended Selenium.Medicine selenium supplement is expensive, performance difficulty；The one kind being well recognized as using the natural selenium-rich food that food chain produces is the safest Effectively selenium supplement approach, can reach the purpose safely and efficiently supplementing human body organic selenium by edible selenium-enriched rice.

Make Oryza sativa L. selenium-rich not so difficult, difficulty is to produce guarantee planting process organic environmental-protection while selenium-rich rice, and this is long Our problem has been annoying always since phase.

Organic rice growing is to use fine quality rice kind, it then follows continuable development principle, according to Ecological Principle, in the ring of high-quality Under the quality requirements of border, using a series of a kind of implantation methods of rice cultivating techniques.Due in process of production, not using completely , thus there is disease pest and weed preventing and treating difficult problem in chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer and growth regulator etc..Lead to yield very low.To hybridize As a example rice, averagely receive 150kg/667m less²More than, the underproduction will exceed 30%.

It is the first hang-up present in organic rice growing that crop smothering is prevented and kill off.

Not only problem especially severe, and there is no suitable the method for control.Frequently with method：As soon as being artificial weeding, It is using manually pulling grass, workload is big, high cost；Two is the method using duck culturing weeding, controls field using rice-duck intergrowth Between weeds generation, select build moderate, the stronger duck kind of mobility, synchronously educate altogether with Oryza sativa L., put duck age in a suitable place to breed 12 days 10 15/667m of young duck², surrounding nylon wire makees the high fence of 1m, is provided with duck canopy, and optimum period throws in feedstuff in right amount, in Oryza sativa L. Duck is caught up with from field, this method is not simultaneously remarkable, easy to operate during heading.

It is the second hang-up present in organic rice growing that pest and disease damage is prevented and kill off.

The pest and disease damage that Oryza sativa L. occurs most frequently has planthopper, rice leaf roller, striped rice borer worm, rice blast, banded sclerotial blight etc..At present Also again without effectively prophylactico-therapeutic measuress accordingly, following prevention and controls are mainly taken to mitigate the generation of pest and disease damage：One is, utilizes Blackout light carries out luring moth, sends out the phototaxis using adult for the phase in the Sheng of adult, with black light lamp, moth is trapped and killed, a black light lamp Controllable 4hm²Rice area, clears up a lamp box daily, can control major part adult；Two are, spray biological pesticide BT preparation And jingganmycin preparation preventing disease pest control；Three are, by duck culturing, the generation of planthopper and causing harm are controlled, migrate in planthopper During landing, start to put duck group in a suitable place to breed, 10 15/667m is put in rice field in a suitable place to breed², continuously put in a suitable place to breed more than 7 days, while removing planthopper Also can weed eradication；Four are, the application of the integration of rice lamp duck and the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion pattern such as fly net Wheat straw mulching, give full play to duck and pasture and remove Worm, lamp insect-killing trapping provide bait, fly net all-around defense planthopper and rice leaf roller for duck, to give full play to various measures Respective speciality, so that the pest and disease damages such as planthopper, rice leaf roller, banded sclerotial blight is preferably controlled；Five are, using existing natural sky Enemy (Aranea, parasitic wasp, batrachia etc.) controls the population quantity of insect to carry out Biological control.All these methods, not only numerous and diverse, And pest and disease damage also must not arrive effective preventing and treating, therefore for organic rice growing, there are still certain cultivation risk.

Content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved be provide a kind of simple to operate, yield is high, organic environmental-protection, can effectively prevention and control The implantation methods of the organic Se-rich rice of disease pest and weed, have selenium content height, quality better, food by the rice that the method produces gained With safe advantage.

In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, including Following steps：

(1) the fertile preparation of the organic fermentation of EM

By EM original solution, brown sugar or molasses, water in mass ratio 1：1：100 200 ratio mixing, airtight culture 48 72 is little When mother solution is obtained, by mother solution and fermentation of organic material in mass ratio 1：4.9 4.95 ratio mixing, adjustment moisture is to handss After pinching the agglomerating degree contacted to earth and dissipate, sealed fermenting is obtained described EM organic fermentation fertilizer, described fermentation of organic material bag in 4 10 days Include rapeseed cake or the soybean cake of organic waste and 20 25% proportions, wherein rapeseed cake or soybean cake first passes through pulverization process in advance；

(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing

By siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth in mass ratio 1：45 ratio uniform mixes and stirs, more uniform mix is in EM organic fermentation fertilizer Make base manure, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 100 500kg for 6 12kg, EM organic fermentation fertilizer usage amount, whole ploughing Base manure is imposed on land for growing field crops in 10 15 days before land for growing field crops, uniformly turn over plough 10 20cm；

Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are purged, to reduce weeds in field and disease pest radix, Ran Houshi Enter base manure；

(3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing

Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 12 days, stir daily 34 times, the seed having shone is former with 100 300 times of EM Dew diluent soaking disinfection, suctions after seed and carries out accelerating germination after moisture, and germination standard is that broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, will be equal for the good seed of accelerating germination Even broadcast sowing in rice seedling bed, application rate is 2.5 3kg/667m²；

Before sowing, first site preparation is carried out to rice seedling bed, during site preparation, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 90 becoming thoroughly decomposed through compost 110kg, and rotten with rice seedling bed soil rake mix thoroughly, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more uniformly sow；

(4) apply wean fertile and send and transfer fertilizer

With fertile and send and transfer fertilizer, the fertile spray of wean as wean of 500 800 times of EM original solution diluent during seedling growth Apply 1 time and splash in rice shoot to the 2 leaf 1 pin phase in the 1 leaf 1 pin phase, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and splash in rice shoot within first 1 day in rice transplanting, and Wean is fertile and send the consumption transferring fertilizer not limit, and sprays in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade medicinal liquid；

(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting are ploughed

Choose 15 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 34 leaf ages, stem foot are slightly flat, very color is green, root polychrome is white for leaf, short strong, the no disease pest of plant The strong seedling of evil is transplanted；

Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, Xiang great Splash 500 1000 times of EM original solution diluent in field, the EM original solution usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg；

(6) EM original solution soaks seedling root

Seedling root is soaked 35 minutes with 400 800 times of EM original solution diluent before transplanting；

(7) rice chaff control grass

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 60 120kg/667m²Addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2 4cm Shallow water makes rice chaff uniform fold rice field 68 days；

(8) foliage dressing

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, sprayed with 250 800 times of EM original solution diluent every 7 10 days and chased after in blade face Fertilizer, and convert in described 250 800 times of EM original solution diluent plus 200 500ml selenium-rich agents, the amount of spraying 50 70kg/ 667m², spray 35 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in beginning ear period.

Above-mentioned steps (3) (4) are rice seedling bed process part；(1) (2), (5) (8) are land for growing field crops process part.The present invention Do not carry out successively sorting with the sequence number of above-mentioned steps, operated with concrete Rice Cropping process.

Described organic waste treatment in accordance with local conditions ground selected from the more rich animal wastes of local resourceses, straw, plant stem-leaf, Bran coat, melon and fruit peel, dish leaf, dish skin, kitchen dish slag, leftover or their mixture.Described EM organic fermentation fertilizer sealing preserve Available 3 months about, the fertile making fermentation time of the organic fermentation of EM was adjusted according to ambient temperature, as fermentation 10 during winter My god, ferment 4 days during summer.

Described siliceous fertilizer is quick-acting siliceous fertilizers, is sodium silicate, also known as waterglass, is the mixture of multiple sodium silicate, white powder Shape crystallizes, containing water-soluble SiO₂40% 60%, pH>10.

EM is the abbreviation language of English (Effective Microorganisms), and Chinese is translated into " effective microorganisms ", EM Former dew is a kind of multiple effective microbes based on photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, acetobacter etc. through multiple Close the multifunction active microbial inoculum of culture.EM original solution used by the present invention is plantation tailored version EM original solution, EM original solution diluent institute Retarder thinner is water.

Described selenium-rich agent is Application No. 201410419091.2, invention entitled " selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer and preparation method thereof And purposes " Chinese invention patent described in selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, by Bangbu Kang Xi agricultural science and technology company limited produce in batches.

Described rice chaff is also known as Testa oryzae, thin bran, the side-product of machine-processed rice process or leftover bits and pieces.

For the sake of succinct description, the implantation methods of the organic Se-rich rice described in present invention below are referred to as this method.

The Main Function applying EM original solution in this method has：

(1) EM original solution diluent is used for soaking seed and soak the effect of seedling root：

Because its flora and secretions can synthesize various aminoacid, vitamin, antibiotics, polyphenoils and physiologically active thing The somatomedin such as matter, thus effect neat and that plumule radicle is healthy and strong of germinateing can be played, and mycostatic infringement can be pressed down.

(2) EM original solution diluent is sprayed onto the effect of rice leaf as foliage fertilizer：

Repiration and the metabolic function of rice leaf mesophyll cell can not only be promoted, improve chlorophyll content of rice, promote Enter vegetative growth of rice plants, thus improving yield；And can also fortified water rice blade face cells of superficial layer protecting film, prevent pathogen from invading Enter.

(3) apply the fertile effect of the organic fermentation of EM：

Not only due to larger molecular organicses can be decomposed into the small-molecule substance being more prone to passive plant absorption by EM flora, Improve the ratio that root system of plant surrounding soil can utilize nutritional labeling, thus increased agricultural land soil microbial biomass, increasing agriculture Field soil microbial biomass, and therefore make those with microorganism and its catabolite for food soil microfauna (as beneficial mite class, Lumbricuss class and beetle) quantity become several times or ten several times to increase；More prominent effect is then because EM original solution makes whole water The composition of rice root layer microecosystem enriches, complex structure, function-stable, improve that beneficial microorganism in soil is biological to live Property, the Ecological niche stably occupying in soil, thus just restrained effectively the invasion and attack of pathogenic microorganism and development in soil, subtract The generation of few soil-borne disease, also produces substantial amounts of disease-resistant factor, this can produce to pest and disease damage during decomposing organic matter in addition Weeds thus being suppressed to disease pest or being produced lethal effect, and are had obvious inhibitory action by the stronger antagonistic action of life, Using after 23 days it can be seen that weeds in field significantly reduces.

In this method, the Main Function of Applying silicon fertilizer has：

Silicon is the important nutrient of plant composition, is classified as the fourth-largest battalion after nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by international soil circle Foster element, the administration of siliceous fertilizer has 9 to act on greatly Oryza sativa L.：1. siliceous fertilizer is conducive to improving photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content of crop, Make stem and leaf straight and upright, promote organic accumulation；2. siliceous fertilizer can increase the mechanical strength of crop material, improves lodging tolerance, and Make stalk straight and upright, thus being conducive to dense planting；3. siliceous fertilizer can improve the resistivity to pest and disease damage for the crop, reduces various pest and disease damages Occur, because forming silicified cell in crop body after Crop silicon, so that stem and leaf cells of superficial layer wall is thickeied, horny layer increases, shape Become a firm protective layer, make insecticide be difficult to sting, pathogenic bacteria is difficult to invade, particularly to rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, bacterial leaf spot The resistance of the pest and disease damages such as disease, stem rot, smut, snout moths larva, planthopper, aphid strengthens；4. siliceous fertilizer makes the ventilation in crop body Property strengthen, can prevent root system rot and senilism, thus to preventing and treating Oryza sativa L. root rot play an important role；5. siliceous fertilizer can effectively be adjusted Stoma of Leaves is closed, and suppresses moisture transpiration, strengthens the anti-adversity abilities such as crop drought resistance, hot-dry wind tolerance, cold-resistant, low-temperature resistance：6. siliceous fertilizer Can not only reduce that phosphate fertilizer is fixing in soil, the phosphorus of activating soil the utilization that promotes the absorption of root system pair to improve fertilizer Rate, moreover it is possible to absorbing of reinforced Ca-Mg, can adjust the Balance Absorption to nutrients such as N P and K for the crop well, therefore be also referred to as " plant modulability fertilizer "；7. siliceous fertilizer is also known as " health care fertilizer ", because activating beneficial microbe, improved soil, correct soil acid Basicity, raising soil alkali, promotion organic matter decomposition, suppression soil pathogenic bacteria, anti-continuous cropping, mitigation heavy metal pollution；8. siliceous fertilizer is again Claim " quality fertilizer ", rice quality can be improved, make that bar green grass or young crops seed is yellow, taste is good, commodity is good；9. siliceous fertilizer can strengthen paddy pollen and live Power, can significantly improve setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel.

The Main Function applying selenium-rich agent in this method has：

Apply the needs that selenium-rich agent is not only Oryza sativa L. selenium-rich, and yield can also be improved to a certain extent, improve rice Quality, mitigates the toxic action to Oryza sativa L. such as heavy metal chromium, cadmium, lead.Because selenium has non-oxidizability, can remove excessive free Base, prevents peroxidating, in the range of certain selenium concentration, mda content in Oryza sativa L. body, the generation speed of oxygen-derived free radicals and its The growing amount of its free radical all increases with selenium concentration and reduces, so making Oryza sativa L. have disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold-resistant, solution frost, antidote The functions such as evil.

The Main Function applying rice chaff in this method has：

One is, because rice chaff is easily subject to microbial decomposition, and produced substantial amounts of carbon dioxide at 7 days about substantial amounts of with consumption Oxygen, makes soil be in reducing condition, thus hindering the sprouting of weeds, taking root and grow；Two are, meanwhile rice chaff also produce low Level organic acid inhibits the root of hair of weeds, germination, and burns the tip of a root and lobus cardiacus；Three are, rice chaff decomposes the ethylene (C producing₂H₄) gas Body can also suppress the growth of root, stem and the lateral bud of weeds；Four are, shallow plowing adds rice chaff, also makes earth's surface form viscous soft sposh layer, this Layer glues soft sposh layer and has special weed-suppresive activity.

In addition, rice chaff also has certain fertilizer efficiency.According to detection, this rice chaff N, P, K percentage composition be followed successively by 1.82, 4.56th, 1.3, such as use 70kg/667m²Rice chaff, therefore 70kg rice chaff are containing about N 1.27, P 3.19, K 0.95, therefore its fertilizer efficiency is such as pressed Carbamide, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate calculate, and are equivalent to carbamide 2.76kg, calcium superphosphate 66.1kg, potassium sulfate 2.29kg.

To sum up, this method is to be successfully applied to " rice chaff control grass technology ", and combines administration " siliceous fertilizer, EM original solution, selenium-rich agent Healthy culture disease-control worm technology " is such that it is able in the case of avoiding the non-environmental protection raw material such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer and hormone to use, make Rice disease and pest crop smothering be effectively controlled, lodging resistance in rice ability improve, rice plant obtain preferably nourish and grow, give birth to Degree of progress speed, be improved greatly rice yield and brown rice selenium content, and improves milling quality, exterior quality, rice Steaming and decocting and Cooking Quality, the edible safety of rice is also greatly improved.In addition this method is simple to operate, it is real to be easy to Apply, effectiveness high.

Specific embodiment

With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described：

The enforcement ground of following examples：The organic rice demonstration of Xing Guangyuan trace element Institute for Applied Technology, Transition In Jurong, Jiangsu Nanjing Base；The enforcement time：10 months April in 2013；For trying rice varieties：Glutinous No. 1 (kind of an industry is cultivated in Anhui) is cultivated in Anhui；Siliceous fertilizer is purchased from Wuxi exhibition Hope chemical reagent company limited；Rice chaff is purchased from the Nanjing market of farm produce；Selenium-rich agent is Application No. 201410419091.2, sends out Selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in the Chinese invention patent of bright entitled " selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer and its production and use ", by freshwater mussel Bu Kangxi agricultural science and technology company limited produces in batches；EM original solution is purchased from providence biological engineering company limited of Jiangxi Province.

Embodiment 1

The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprise the following steps：

(1) the fertile preparation of the organic fermentation of EM

By EM original solution, brown sugar, water in mass ratio 1：1：100 ratio mixing, airtight culture is obtained mother solution in 60 hours, will Mother solution and fermentation of organic material in mass ratio 1：4.9 ratio mixing, adjustment moisture to handss pinch the agglomerating degree contacted to earth and dissipate Sealed fermenting is obtained described EM organic fermentation fertilizer in 7 days afterwards, and described fermentation of organic material includes organic waste and the dish of 20% proportion Seedcake, wherein rapeseed cake first pass through pulverization process in advance, and described organic waste is the mixture of animal wastes and straw；

(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing

By siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth in mass ratio 1：4 ratio uniform mixes and stirs, more uniform mix is made in EM organic fermentation fertilizer Become base manure, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 300kg for 9kg, EM organic fermentation fertilizer usage amount, first 10 days will in cultivated whole land for growing field crops Base manure imposes on land for growing field crops, uniformly turns over plough 15cm；

Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are purged, to reduce weeds in field and disease pest radix, Ran Houshi Enter base manure；

(3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing

Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 1 day, stir daily 4 times, the seed having shone is soaked with 300 times of EM original solution diluent Sterilization, suctions after seed and carries out accelerating germination after moisture, and germination standard is that broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, by seed uniform broadcasting good for accelerating germination in seedling Field, application rate is 2.5kg/667m²；

Before sowing, first site preparation is carried out to rice seedling bed, during site preparation, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 100kg becoming thoroughly decomposed through compost, and Rotten with rice seedling bed soil rake mix thoroughly, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more uniformly sow；

(4) apply wean fertile and send and transfer fertilizer

Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with 500 times of EM original solution diluent during seedling growth, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time And splash in rice shoot to the 2 leaf 1 pin phase in the 1 leaf 1 pin phase, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and splash in rice shoot within first 1 day in rice transplanting, and wean Fertile and send the consumption transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade medicinal liquid；

(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting are ploughed

Choose 17 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 3 leaf ages, stem foot is slightly flat, very color is green, root polychrome is white for leaf, short strong, the strong seedling of no disease and pests harm of plant Transplant；

Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, Xiang great Splash 750 times of EM original solution diluent in field, the EM original solution usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg；

(6) EM original solution soaks seedling root

Seedling root is soaked 5 minutes with 400 times of EM original solution diluent before transplanting；

(7) rice chaff control grass

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 90kg/667m²Addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 4cm shallow water and make rice Bran uniform fold rice field 7 days；

(8) foliage dressing

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, sprayed with 500 times of EM original solution diluent every 8 days and topdressed in blade face, and in institute Convert in the EM original solution diluent of 500 times stating plus 350ml selenium-rich agent, the amount of spraying 60kg/667m², spray 5 times altogether, wherein once exist Beginning ear period sprays to full heading time.

Embodiment 2

The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprise the following steps：

(1) the fertile preparation of the organic fermentation of EM

By EM original solution, molasses, water in mass ratio 1：1：150 ratio mixing, airtight culture is obtained mother solution in 72 hours, will Mother solution and fermentation of organic material in mass ratio 1：4.95 ratio mixing, adjustment moisture to handss pinch the agglomerating degree contacted to earth and dissipate Sealed fermenting is obtained described EM organic fermentation fertilizer in 4 days afterwards, and described fermentation of organic material includes organic waste and the bean of 23% proportion Cake, wherein soybean cake first pass through pulverization process in advance, and described organic waste is the mixed of bran coat, melon and fruit peel, dish leaf, dish skin and kitchen dish slag Compound；

(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing

By siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth in mass ratio 1：5 ratio uniform mixes and stirs, more uniform mix is made in EM organic fermentation fertilizer Become base manure, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 500kg for 6kg, EM organic fermentation fertilizer usage amount, first 15 days will in cultivated whole land for growing field crops Base manure imposes on land for growing field crops, uniformly turns over plough 10cm；

Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are purged, to reduce weeds in field and disease pest radix, Ran Houshi Enter base manure；

(3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing

Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 2 days, stir daily 3 times, the seed having shone is soaked with 200 times of EM original solution diluent Sterilization, suctions after seed and carries out accelerating germination after moisture, and germination standard is that broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, by seed uniform broadcasting good for accelerating germination in seedling Field, application rate is 3kg/667m²；

Before sowing, first site preparation is carried out to rice seedling bed, during site preparation, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 90kg becoming thoroughly decomposed through compost, and with Soil rake in rice seedling bed is rotten to be mixed thoroughly, then drags for mud and piles seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more uniformly sow；

(4) apply wean fertile and send and transfer fertilizer

Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with 650 times of EM original solution diluent during seedling growth, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time And splash in rice shoot to the 2 leaf 1 pin phase in the 1 leaf 1 pin phase, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and splash in rice shoot within first 1 day in rice transplanting, and wean Fertile and send the consumption transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade medicinal liquid；

(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting are ploughed

Choose 15 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 4 leaf ages, stem foot is slightly flat, very color is green, root polychrome is white for leaf, short strong, the strong seedling of no disease and pests harm of plant Transplant；

Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, Xiang great Splash 500 times of EM original solution diluent in field, the EM original solution usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg；

(6) EM original solution soaks seedling root

Seedling root is soaked 3 minutes with 600 times of EM original solution diluent before transplanting；

(7) rice chaff control grass

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 120kg/667m²Addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 3cm shallow water order Rice chaff uniform fold rice field 6 days；

(8) foliage dressing

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, sprayed with 800 times of EM original solution diluent every 7 days and topdressed in blade face, and in institute Convert in the EM original solution diluent of 800 times stating plus 200ml selenium-rich agent, the amount of spraying 50kg/667m², spray 4 times altogether, wherein once exist Beginning ear period sprays to full heading time.

Embodiment 3

The implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprise the following steps：

(1) the fertile preparation of the organic fermentation of EM

By EM original solution, brown sugar, water in mass ratio 1：1：200 ratio mixing, airtight culture is obtained mother solution in 48 hours, will Mother solution and fermentation of organic material in mass ratio 1：4.95 ratio mixing, adjustment moisture to handss pinch the agglomerating degree contacted to earth and dissipate Sealed fermenting is obtained described EM organic fermentation fertilizer in 10 days afterwards, and described fermentation of organic material includes organic waste and the dish of 25% proportion Seedcake, wherein rapeseed cake first pass through pulverization process in advance, and described organic waste is the mixture of plant stem-leaf, dish leaf and dish skin；

(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing

By siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth in mass ratio 1：4 ratio uniform mixes and stirs, more uniform mix is made in EM organic fermentation fertilizer Become base manure, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 12kg, EM organic fermentation fertilizer usage amount is 100kg, in first 13 days of cultivated whole land for growing field crops Base manure is imposed on land for growing field crops, uniformly turns over plough 20cm；

Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are purged, to reduce weeds in field and disease pest radix, Ran Houshi Enter base manure；

(3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing

Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 2 days, stir daily 3 times, the seed having shone is soaked with 100 times of EM original solution diluent Sterilization, suctions after seed and carries out accelerating germination after moisture, and germination standard is that broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, by seed uniform broadcasting good for accelerating germination in seedling Field, application rate is 2.7kg/667m²；

Before sowing, first site preparation is carried out to rice seedling bed, during site preparation, every mu of rice seedling bed applies the chicken manure 110kg becoming thoroughly decomposed through compost, and Rotten with rice seedling bed soil rake mix thoroughly, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more uniformly sow；

(4) apply wean fertile and send and transfer fertilizer

Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with 800 times of EM original solution diluent during seedling growth, wean fertilizer sprays 1 time And splash in rice shoot to the 2 leaf 1 pin phase in the 1 leaf 1 pin phase, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and splash in rice shoot within first 1 day in rice transplanting, and wean Fertile and send the consumption transferring fertilizer not limit, spray in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade medicinal liquid；

(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting are ploughed

Choose 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 4 leaf ages, stem foot is slightly flat, very color is green, root polychrome is white for leaf, short strong, the strong seedling of no disease and pests harm of plant Transplant；

Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, Xiang great Splash 1000 times of EM original solution diluent in field, the EM original solution usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg；

(6) EM original solution soaks seedling root

Seedling root is soaked 4 minutes with 800 times of EM original solution diluent before transplanting；

(7) rice chaff control grass

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 60kg/667m²Addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2cm shallow water and make rice Bran uniform fold rice field 8 days；

(8) foliage dressing

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, sprayed with 250 times of EM original solution diluent every 10 days and topdressed in blade face, and in institute Convert in the EM original solution diluent of 250 times stating plus 500ml selenium-rich agent, the amount of spraying 70kg/667m², spray 3 times altogether, wherein once exist Beginning ear period sprays to full heading time.

Several points for attention are had in the implementation process of above-described embodiment：

First, the Organic certification of the place of production to be implemented and product

Place of production addressing and environmental quality meet 2012 editions《Organic productss》National standard requires, and the input of use should meet 2012 editions《Organic productss》Possess in the condition and range of national standard appendix A carry out documentation organic management system include organic Production, processing, the location drawing managed, administrative manual, rule of operation, system record etc..

2nd, disease-resistant pest-resistant with profit from good quality and high output Resistant rice varieties

Selection high-quality, strong adaptability, disease-resistant insect resistace are strong, good stress resistance, tillering ability are strong, fringe bigger than normal, eutrophy, commodity Good improved seeds.As：In Su-Wan area, " Anhui cultivates glutinous No. 1 " kind is just all well and good.

New high quality and high yield rice to progressively be introduced simultaneously, put into organic rice and produce, " upland rice 906 ", " Anhui cultivates glutinous 2 Number " etc..They are cultivated kind of an industry new rice variety and view and emulate in Anhui in 2014 and just enjoy flattery in promotion conference, and upland rice therein 906 is in the present Cloudy day in year year with great calamity rainy, that rice pest is occurred frequently does not but almost have false smut and rice blast generation and per unit area yield is at least 600kg/667m²., Anhui is cultivated glutinous No. 2 and is come along fine, this year low temperature, few according under the conditions of not only there is not pest and disease damage, Er Qiekang Fall, tillering ability is strong, the big grain of fringe is satisfied, yield is high, per unit area yield reaches 650kg/667m².In addition with " prosperous two excellent 318 ", " force educates stalk 18 ", Multiple kinds such as " middle military fortune stalk 27 ", " south stalk 5055 " are available.

3rd, to uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields rice chaff after rice shoot survives and weeds are controlled with profit

One of condition is that rice shoot survives, and the two of condition is that rice chaff is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly, and the three of condition is requirement field when rice chaff is spread fertilizer over the fields Between keep 2 4cm shoaling layer 68 days.

4th, want clean water to irrigate and scientific consumption of water controls disease pest and weed with profit and captures high yield

First, irrigation water quality standard will meet organic rice production requirement it is impossible to fill field with sanitary sewage, water for industrial use, And single single filling should be accomplished.

Secondly, because the pest and disease damages such as banded sclerotial blight, rice blast are easier to occur in the case of hot and humid, therefore field should be avoided to amass Water.Should be based on shallow irrigation, that is, on water layer management：Transplanting time fills flower water, arrives productive tiller stage with shallow irrigation after turning green Based on to improve ground temperature, promote rice tillering Cheng Sui, reach and seal row early, promote Seedling with water control grass, with water, with Seedling pressure grass, with water Adjust fertile purpose, the later stage does dry and wet intermittent irrigation to support Gen Baoye, captures high yield.

Embodiment 4

Contrast on effect is tested：

Random district's groups arrangement is taken in experiment, often processes and is repeated 2 times, minizone ridge building separates, and has independent irrigation and drainage system System, plot area 66.7m².Experiment sets treatment group and matched group.Treatment group presses the plantation of the organic Se-rich rice that embodiment 1 provides Method is processed；Matched group is then provided without rice chaff control grass technology and siliceous fertilizer, EM original solution, selenium-rich Healthy culture technology, that is,：1. not Apply siliceous fertilizer and the organic fermentation of EM is fertile, the base manure being used is the fermentation of organic material same as Example 1 without EM original solution fermentation； 2. Seed soaking, clear water soak seedling root；3. unused EM original solution diluent is fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean；4. do not sprinkle during smooth field face Spill EM original solution diluent；5. it is provided without rice chaff control grass, the only supplementation administration n p k fertilizer suitable with 90kg rice chaff is (due to rice chaff N, P, K percentage composition successively be about 1.82,4.56,1.36, therefore 90kg rice chaff containing about N 1.63, P 4.10, K 1.22, so Nutriment in a fertilizer is supplemented with chemical fertilizer such as the carbamide of respective numbers, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate)；6. unused EM original solution diluent is topdressed, Do not spray selenium-rich agent.Other measures are with embodiment 1.

Treatment group and matched group Oryza sativa L. are all sowed in 4-24, and 5-26 transplants, distance between rows and hills 25cm × 13cm, and 2.2 ten thousand caves/ 667m², Basic Seedling 68 ten thousand/667m².

1) rice chaff surface applied prevention and control weeds effect

For prevention and control weeds in field, once tried out rice husk herbicidal methods before this, will rice husk 150kg/667m²Uniformly spread Cloth field, keep 3cm about shallow water 7 days, though it was found that Weed control effect has, less effective, abandon the method for this. Afterwards rice husk is changed to after rice chaff and suitable decrement find, prevention and control weeds effect is then obviously improved, so final choice rice chaff with The method of prevention and control weeds, experimental result is shown in Table 1：

Table 1

It can be seen that, rice chaff processes total strain preventive effect and the fresh weight preventive effect of weeds, equal table on dried tuber, Herba monochoriae vaginaliss, Alternanthera philoxeroides Reveal preferable control effect, only barnyard grass and short Rhizoma sagittariae sagittifoliae slightly worse, but fresh weight preventive effect is also 70%, more than 80%.

2) prevention and control pest and disease damage effect

Experimental result is shown in Table 2：

Table 2

Note：Take 5 points by diagonal in test block；Sampling scheme：Each point takes 5 caves, takes 25 cave investigation altogether.

3) improve the effect of lodging tolerance

Experimental result is shown in Table 3：Treatment group is mainly manifested on rice plant growth's impact on improving lodging resistance in rice ability Four aspects:One is to shorten second-speculation three panel length；Two is to increase thick stem；Three are to increase function leaf length and width degree；Four is to subtract Little sword-like leave and stem angle.

Table 3

4) fertility progress and effect ripe ahead of time are accelerated

Experimental result is shown in Table 4：The fertility degree of progress speed for the treatment of group Oryza sativa L..Period of duration 7 days in advance, tillering stage shift to an earlier date 3 days, pull out 3 days in advance section phase, 3 days in advance heading stage, Oryza glutinosa do sth. in advance ripe 7 days.

Table 4

5) improve the effect of rice yield and brown rice selenium content

Experimental result is shown in Table 5：Treatment group rice tillering rate raising 0.6%, Miao Qi, Miao Quan, Miao Zhuan, growing way are good, Miao Senong Green, spike length increases 0.6cm, mass of 1000 kernel increases 1.0g, many 3 of grain number per spike, yield increase 77.9kg/667m², brown rice selenium content be 8.95 times of matched group.

Table 5

6) improve the effect of milling quality and exterior quality

Experimental result is shown in Table 6：The organic Se-rich rice that treatment group produces, also has one on improving milling quality and exterior quality It is set for using.Coarse Rice Rate improves 2 percentage points, and polished rice rate improves 2.1 percentage points, and chalkness ratio reduces 1.6 percentage points.

Table 6

7) steaming and decocting of rice and the effect of Cooking Quality are improved

Experimental result is shown in Table 7：The steaming and decocting of rice and Cooking Quality are close with amylose content, gel consistence, proteinaceous relationships Cut, table 7 shows that the gel consistence of organic selenium-enriched rice improves 1mm, it is, soft increased；Protein improves 0.328%, illustrate that the food flavor of rice improves；Amylose content reduces 0.8% then it represents that the viscosity of rice strengthens.These become Change and all show, improve steaming and decocting and the Cooking Quality of rice.

Table 7

Take a broad view of the above results can see, the present invention, to realizing organic Se-rich Rice Production, is to be successfully applied to rice chaff Control careless technology in rice field simultaneously combines Applying silicon fertilizer, EM original solution, selenium-rich Healthy culture disease-control worm technology.Not only produce organic Se-rich Oryza sativa L., and disease pest and weed is effectively controlled, lodging tolerance improves, gives birth to degree of progress speed, Oryza glutinosa is improved greatly Yield and brown rice selenium content simultaneously improve steaming and decocting and the Cooking Quality of milling quality and exterior quality and rice.The present invention is implemented Scheme combination is reasonable, method is suitable for, effectiveness is high.

The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and Any modification, equivalent and improvement of being made within principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the implantation methods of organic Se-rich rice, comprise the following steps：

(1) the fertile preparation of the organic fermentation of EM

By EM original solution, brown sugar or molasses, water in mass ratio 1：1：100 200 ratio mixes, and airtight culture 48 72 hours is Prepared mother solution, by mother solution and fermentation of organic material in mass ratio 1：4.9 4.95 ratio mixing, adjustment moisture is pinched into handss After rolling into a ball the degree dissipating of contacting to earth, sealed fermenting is obtained described EM organic fermentation fertilizer in 4 10 days, and described fermentation of organic material includes The rapeseed cake of machine rubbish and 20 25% proportions or soybean cake, wherein rapeseed cake or soybean cake first pass through pulverization process in advance；

(2) land for growing field crops basal dressing

By siliceous fertilizer and dry fine earth in mass ratio 1：45 ratio uniform mixes and stirs, more uniform mix is made in EM organic fermentation fertilizer Base manure, the siliceous fertilizer usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 100 500kg for 6 12kg, EM organic fermentation fertilizer usage amount, in cultivated whole land for growing field crops Base manure is imposed on land for growing field crops in first 10 15 days, uniformly turn over plough 10 20cm；

Before basal dressing, first weeds in field, stubble are purged, to reduce weeds in field and disease pest radix, then apply base Fertile；

(3) EM original solution seed soaking and sowing

Select fine day to bask seeds before seed soaking 12 days, stir daily 34 times, the seed having shone is dilute with 100 300 times of EM original solution Release liquid soaking disinfection, suction after seed and after moisture, carry out accelerating germination, germination standard is that broken breast shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and the good seed of accelerating germination is uniformly spread It is sowed at rice seedling bed, application rate is 2.5 3kg/667m²；

Before sowing, first site preparation is carried out to rice seedling bed, during site preparation, every mu of rice seedling bed applies chicken manure 90 110kg becoming thoroughly decomposed through compost, and Rotten with rice seedling bed soil rake mix thoroughly, then drag for mud and pile seedling-cultivation plate, pave, put neat after, more uniformly sow；

(4) apply wean fertile and send and transfer fertilizer

Fertile and send and transfer fertilizer as wean with 500 800 times of EM original solution diluent during seedling growth, wean fertilizer sprays 1 Secondary and splash in rice shoot to the 2 leaf 1 pin phase in the 1 leaf 1 pin phase, send and transfer fertilizer and spray 1 time and splash in rice shoot within first 1 day in rice transplanting, and disconnected Milk is fertile and send the consumption transferring fertilizer not limit, and sprays in blade tow sides, till squirting not lower of blade medicinal liquid；

(5) whole land for growing field crops and transplanting are ploughed

Choose 15 20 days length of time rice seedlings grow, 34 leaf ages, stem foot is slightly flat, very color is green, root polychrome is white for leaf, plant is short strong, no disease and pests harm Strong seedling is transplanted；

Before rice transplanting, first plough whole land for growing field crops, make that soil is soft, topsoil activation, the flat mud in field rotten, and when ploughing whole land for growing field crops, sprinkle to land for growing field crops Spill 500 1000 times of EM original solution diluent, the EM original solution usage amount in every mu of land for growing field crops is 1kg；

(6) EM original solution soaks seedling root

Seedling root is soaked 35 minutes with 400 800 times of EM original solution diluent before transplanting；

(7) rice chaff control grass

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, rice chaff is pressed 60 120kg/667m²Addition be sprinkling upon between rice field, then flood 2 4cm shallow waters Make rice chaff uniform fold rice field 68 days；

(8) foliage dressing

After shoot transplanting equipment is turned green, sprayed with 250 800 times of EM original solution diluent every 7 10 days and topdressed in blade face, and Described 250 800 times of EM original solution diluent is converted plus 200 500ml selenium-rich agents, the amount of spraying 50 70kg/667m², Spray 35 times altogether, wherein once spray to full heading time in beginning ear period.