CN115462295A - Method for improving yield of continuous cropping lilium brownii - Google Patents
Method for improving yield of continuous cropping lilium brownii Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil-borne disease control, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lilies. A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly, ploughing the land, ridging and leveling the land, then forming a groove, and applying a chemical fertilizer to the bottom of the groove; (2) Putting the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the groove, then covering soil, and putting endogenous earthworms; (3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, then applying cow dung on the surface, then throwing surface-layer earthworms, and covering the ridge surface with straws. According to the invention, through the application of cow dung, the Eisenia fetida Heiping No. 2 and the Eisenia gigantea are put in, and the actions are performed on the root systems of stems and bulbs, so that the soil acidification is relieved, the increment of soil-borne pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of crop diseases are inhibited, effective nutrients are provided for lily, and the yield of the continuous cropping lily is better improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil-borne disease control, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lilies.
Background
The lily has economic values of medicinal use, eating, appreciation and the like, but the continuous cropping phenomenon is very common, the disease is more and more severe, the yield and the quality of the lily subjected to continuous cropping are reduced year by year, and the problem that the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacle of the lily is relieved and becomes a hotspot problem in the cultivation of the lily is solved.
In order to effectively relieve the yield reduction of lily continuous cropping, a grower mainly treats soil in a physical, chemical and biological mode, wherein the physical method comprises lime, ammonium bicarbonate and the like, the chemical method comprises trifloxystrobin, chlorothalonil, thiram, carbendazim, mancozeb and the like, and the biological method comprises biocontrol bacteria, a biological organic fertilizer, wormcast and the like. By means of the treatment modes, the microbial community structure of the continuous cropping soil is improved, the adverse limiting factors on the growth and yield of crops are improved, and the transformation from fungal soil to bacterial soil is mainly adjusted.
The yield of the continuous cropping lily under different treatments is increased to a certain extent, but the yield of the continuous cropping lily in different years under the same treatment condition shows a change trend of reducing year by year along with the continuous cropping age, which shows that the yield of the continuous cropping lily is reduced only slightly by physically, chemically and biologically treating the continuous cropping lily soil, and the problem of continuous cropping obstacle is still serious.
At present, a method is needed in the market, which is beneficial to absorption and utilization of nutrients and disease resistance and bacteriostasis of lily, effectively reduces the morbidity and disease index of the continuous cropping lily blight, increases the yield of the continuous cropping lily, and effectively relieves the yield reduction of the continuous cropping lily.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a method for increasing the yield of continuous cropping lilies. According to the invention, through adding Eisenia fetida No. 2 and Eisenia virgata after applying cow dung, the physicochemical properties of soil are improved, effective nutrients are provided for lily, and the yield of the continuous cropping lily is improved. And Eisenia foetida No. 2 excavates and excretes in surface soil by eating cow dung, promotes degradation and diffusion of organic matters, provides an additional food source for endogenous Eviaria invigora, stimulates the activity of the Enemaria infestans, further improves the soil and improves the soil fertility.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing the land, ridging and leveling, then opening a groove, applying a chemical fertilizer to the bottom of the groove and covering the soil;
(2) Putting the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the groove, then covering soil, and putting endogenous earthworms;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, then applying cow dung on the surface, then throwing surface-layer earthworms, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
Preferably, the depth of the groove in the step (1) is 0.06-0.12m, the fertilizer is a mixture of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the application amount of the urea is 30-50g/m 2 The application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 220-280g/m 2 The application amount of the potassium sulfate is 70-90g/m 2 (ii) a The soil coverage height is 0.01-0.03m.
Preferably, the endogenous earthworms in the step (2) are giant common Worm worms, the activity of the earthworms is 8-30cm below the soil surface, and the inoculation amount is 5-15 pieces/m 2 (ii) a The soil covering height is 0.01-0.03m.
Preferably, the surface layer type earthworms in the step (3) are Eisenia foetida No. 2, move 0-8cm below the soil surface, and the inoculation amount is 10-20 earthworms/m 2 (ii) a The application amount of the cow dung is 2-2.5kg/m 2 。
Preferably, the spacing between the planting lines of the lilies is 0.2-0.35m.
Preferably, the periphery of the land is provided with drainage ditches.
The invention also claims an application of the method in treating the continuous cropping lily wilt to improve the yield.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, by putting Eisenia fetida No. 2 and Elsholtzia weberi, the organic matter content of rhizosphere soil is improved, soil acidification is relieved, the structural abundance of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere soil is optimized, the content of effective nutrients of the soil such as AN, AP and AK can be obviously increased, the morbidity and disease index of the continuous cropping lily wilt are reduced, the yield of the continuous cropping lily is increased, and the yield reduction of the continuous cropping lily is relieved.
(2) According to the invention, through putting Eisenia fetida Daping No. 2 on the surface cow dung and putting live giant webworm on the deep soil, on one hand, through digging and discharging the Eisenia fetida Daping No. 2 in the surface soil, surface organic matters are favorably diffused to the deep soil, additional food sources are provided for endogenous live webworm, the activities of the live webworm are stimulated, and the soil is favorably further improved and the soil fertility is favorably improved. On the other hand, the root system of the stem and the root of the lily grows on the surface layer of the soil, specifically 0-8cm below the surface of the soil, which is the main moving range of Eisenia fetida Daping No. 2, and Daping No. 2 converts cow dung and mixes the cow dung with the soil, thereby providing effective nutrients for the lily and better improving the yield of the continuous cropping lily; meanwhile, the root system of the bulb of the lily grows 8-20cm below the soil surface and is the main activity range of the giant virgaurea virginiana, the physicochemical properties of underground soil are further improved under the action of the giant virgaurea virginiana, the interaction of the giant virgaurea virginiana and the giant virginiana is beneficial to the exchange of organic matters and nutrient substances, effective nutrients are provided for the growth of the lily, and the yield loss of the continuous cropping lily is also reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of continuous cropping lily planting.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the chemical reagents and materials of the present invention are either commercially available or synthesized from commercially available starting materials.
The Eisenia foetida No. 2 and the giant Viagra virginiana are from an earthworm breeding farm in the Yueyang Junshan region of Hunan; the lily variety is Lilium tigrinum; the disinfectant is quicklime and the main component is CaO; the bactericide is thiram produced by certain agriculture and chemical company Limited in Hebei; the biocontrol microbial inoculum is powder produced by certain agricultural science and technology limited company in Beijing, and contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus and other strains; the cow dung is from a circulating agricultural cattle farm of a Changsha city agricultural and environmental monitoring research station, and has the following basic physicochemical properties: pH8.75, organic matter 58.86g/kg, total nitrogen 11.67g/kg, total phosphorus 3.11g/kg, and total potassium 8.5g/kg.
Example 1
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lilies comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing 3 multiplied by 1.5m land with drainage ditches on the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 multiplied by 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly applying 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate on the bottoms of the grooves, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Putting the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the groove, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m, then covering a layer of 0.01m soil, and uniformly putting 60 giant virginia virginiana; after the giant spiny pheretima is put in, the giant spiny pheretima can automatically drill into deep soil with the depth of about 20cm and can move within the self moving range.
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the treatment grooves, uniformly putting 80 Eisenia fetida Daping No. 2, and covering the ridge surface with straws to prevent fresh cow dung from drying out too quickly, so that the earthworms can grow and breed conveniently.
Comparative example 1
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing 3 multiplied by 1.5m land with drainage ditches at the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 multiplied by 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly applying 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate at the bottoms of the grooves, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Placing the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the grooves, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves till the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the treatment grooves, uniformly putting 80 Eisenia foetida big-flat No. 2 strips, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the comparative example does not add the giant tubificidae.
Comparative example 2
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing 3 multiplied by 1.5m land with drainage ditches on the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 multiplied by 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly applying 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate on the bottoms of the grooves, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Putting the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the groove, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m, then covering a layer of 0.01m soil, and uniformly putting 60 giant virginia virginiana;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the ridge, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
This comparative example is different from example 1 in that no Eisenia fetida No. 2 was administered in this comparative example.
Comparative example 3
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing 3 multiplied by 1.5m land with drainage ditches at the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 multiplied by 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly applying 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate at the bottoms of the grooves, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Placing the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the grooves, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the ridge, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that no Eisenia fetida No. 2 and No. Zhuangwei lumbricus are put in the comparative example.
Comparative example 4
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lilies comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing a 3 × 1.5m land with drainage ditches at the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 × 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly spreading 675g of quicklime at the bottoms of the grooves, then uniformly applying 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Placing the lily bulbs sterilized by the carbendazim into the grooves, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the ridge, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the comparative example does not put Eisenia fetida Heiping No. 2 and Megasphaera gigantea, and quick lime is applied.
Comparative example 5
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lilies comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing 3 multiplied by 1.5m land with drainage ditches at the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 multiplied by 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly spreading 7g of bactericide at the bottom of the grooves, then uniformly spreading 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Placing the lily bulbs sterilized by carbendazim into the grooves, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the ridge, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the comparative example does not put Eisenia foetida No. 2 and Eisenia virgata, and the bactericide is broadcast.
Comparative example 6
A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing 3 multiplied by 1.5m land with drainage ditches at the periphery, ridging and leveling the land, then forming 1.5 multiplied by 0.25m grooves with the depth of 0.08m, uniformly spreading 13.5g of biocontrol microbial inoculum at the bottoms of the grooves, uniformly spreading 182g of urea, 1144g of calcium superphosphate and 368g of potassium sulfate, and covering a layer of 0.01m soil;
(2) Placing the lily bulbs sterilized by the carbendazim into the grooves, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily bulbs is 0.2m;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, uniformly applying 10kg of cow dung on the surface of the ridge, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the biocontrol microbial inoculum is broadcast in the comparative example without putting Eisenia fetida No. 2 and Eisenia virgata.
The basic physicochemical properties of the plough layer soil at the beginning of the test are as follows: pH6.13, organic matter 22.51g/kg, total nitrogen 1.82g/kg, total phosphorus 0.94g/kg, total potassium 22.8g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 75.25mg/kg, available phosphorus 40.78mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 88.59mg/kg.
Lily is planted one year before the test, lily is planted in 25 days in 9 months every year from 1 year to 3 years, the incidence rate and the disease index of lily wilt disease are respectively investigated in the lily maturation period of 3 years (around 16 days in 7 months every year), and lily is harvested in 24 days in 7 months. The incidence and disease index of lily wilt disease are measured in plant unit, and the grading investigation is carried out according to the incidence degree of lily wilt disease, wherein the total plant number and all levels of diseased plant number are recorded and investigated every 50 plants are repeatedly investigated. The survey grading criteria are as follows: the 0 grade is that the plant stalks are normal and the whole plant has no diseased leaves; the 1 grade is that the yellowing or purple leaf number of the bottom of the diseased plant does not exceed 25 percent of the leaf number of the whole plant, the top of the stem is light purple, and heart leaves are slightly bent towards one side; the 2 level is that the bottom leaves of the diseased plant wither or the number of the withered leaves accounts for 25 to 50 percent of the whole plant, and the upper part of the stem turns purple and is obviously bent; grade 3, the withered leaves of the diseased plant exceed 50 percent, and the middle-upper part of the stem turns purple and is seriously bent; in the 4-grade, the leaves of the whole plant wither or the whole plant withers, and the vascular bundles at the base of the stem become brown. Wherein:
morbidity = the number of diseased plants/total plants × 100%;
disease index = Σ (number of diseased plants at each stage × relative stage value)/(total number of plants × highest stage value) × 100;
relative control effect = (disease index of control-disease index of treatment)/disease index of control × 100%.
The yield of continuous cropping lily (around 26 days of 7 months per year) for 3 years was measured, and 5 hundreds were randomly selected and weighed for each test in examples and comparative examples.
The results of the test data are shown in tables 1-3:
TABLE 1 morbidity and disease index
TABLE 2 controlling effect
| Item | Year one | In the second year | The third year |
| Example 1 | 50％ | 50％ | 45％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 44％ | 44％ | 40％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 31％ | 33％ | 33％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 16％ | 11％ | 14％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 13％ | 17％ | 26％ |
| Comparative example 6 | 25％ | 28％ | 19％ |
TABLE 3 Lily yield by continuous cropping
And (4) investigating the continuous cropping lily rhizosphere soil of the third year in which the continuous cropping lily flourishes for a long time (4 months and 5 days). In each example and comparative example, 5 lilies were randomly selected according to a five-point sampling method, the non-rhizosphere soil of the continuous cropping lilies was removed by slight shaking, and then the rhizosphere soil tightly attached to the root systems of the continuous cropping lilies was collected. The samples of each example and comparative example were sealed with separate sterile plastic bags and placed in ice boxes for immediate transport to the laboratory. Dividing the collected rhizosphere soil into two parts, and measuring the relevant indexes of the basic physicochemical properties of the soil after one part is naturally air-dried: the pH value of the soil is measured by adopting a water leaching-potential method of 1; one part is packaged by a sterilized centrifugal tube, is placed at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ for quick freezing, is delivered to Shanghai Meiji biological medicine science and technology limited company by adopting an ice bag, and is subjected to gene sequencing by utilizing the MiseqPE300 platform standard operating procedure of Illumina company.
The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of the test field are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on the physicochemical Properties of the soil
The abundance of the bacterial community structure in the continuous cropping lily rhizosphere soil by different treatment modes is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 bacterial flora abundance of different treatments
As can be seen from tables 1-2, in three consecutive cropping years, the incidence and disease index of lily blight under different treatment conditions are increased year by year with the increase of planting years, the incidence and disease index of lily blight treated in comparative example 3 are the highest, the incidence is 61%, 67% and 75%, and the disease index is 32, 36 and 42 respectively. The incidence and disease index of lily wilt disease of example 1 were the lowest, incidence was 37%, 43% and 50%, disease index was 16, 18 and 23, respectively, and disease index of lily wilt disease in three consecutive years was lower than other treatments in the test, compared to comparative example 3 where no preventive measure was taken, and control effect of lily wilt disease in three consecutive years was 50%, 50% and 45%, respectively, and lower than other treatments in the test. Compared with other treatments, the application of Eisenia fetida No. 2 and giant virginia weberi in the continuous cropping lily is more beneficial to reducing the occurrence of lily wilt and relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the lily.
As can be seen from table 3, the yield of the continuous cropping lily treated in the same way is reduced year by year with the increase of the planting years, and the comparison between different treatments in the same year shows that the yield of the continuous cropping lily is the highest as that treated in example 1, and is higher than that treated in other treatments every year, which indicates that the addition of the earthworms fetida heiping No. 2 and the lumbricus gigantea in the continuous cropping lily is more beneficial to reducing the yield loss in the continuous cropping process of lily.
As can be seen from Table 4, the pH of the continuous cropping lily rhizosphere soil was treated in comparative example 4 to a maximum of 7.2, higher than that of the other treatments, followed by example 1, pH 6.18, and lowest in comparative example 3, pH 5.27. Rhizosphere soil OM, AN, AP and AK were all treated most as in example 1.
As shown in table 5, the diversity analysis of the microbial α in the continuous cropping lily rhizosphere soil by different treatment methods shows that the abundance index of the bacterial community species is the greatest in the examples, which indicates that the abundance of the bacterial community species in the examples is high, and the abundance of the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere soil is optimized by adding the egypari fetida hei No. 2 and the egypari gigantea.
The above description is provided for the purpose of describing the present invention in more detail with reference to the specific embodiments, and it should not be construed that the embodiments are limited to the description, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented with various modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the yield of continuous cropping lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Firstly, ploughing the land, ridging and leveling, then opening a groove, applying a chemical fertilizer to the bottom of the groove and covering the soil;
(2) Placing the lily bulbs disinfected by the carbendazim into the groove, then covering soil, and putting endogenous earthworms;
(3) And covering soil on all the treatment grooves until the ridge surface is horizontal, then applying cow dung on the surface, then throwing surface-layer earthworms, and covering the ridge surface with straws.
2. The method for improving the yield of the continuous cropping lilies as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the groove in step (1) is 0.06-0.12m, the fertilizer is a mixture of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the application amount of urea is 30-50g/m 2 The application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 220-280g/m 2 The application amount of the potassium sulfate is 70-90g/m 2 (ii) a The soil coverage height is 0.01-0.03m.
3. The method for increasing the yield of lily by continuous cropping according to claim 1, wherein the endogenous earthworms in the step (2) are giant virginala gregaria, which can move 8-30cm below the soil surface and have the inoculation amount of 5-15 earthworms/m 2 (ii) a The soil coverage height is 0.01-0.03m.
4. The method for increasing the yield of lily by continuous cropping according to claim 1, wherein the epizootic earthworms in step (3) are Eisenia foetida No. 2, move 0-8cm below the soil surface, and have the inoculation amount of 10-20 earthworms/m 2 (ii) a The application amount of the cow dung is2-2.5kg/m 2 。
5. The method for improving the yield of the continuous cropping lily according to claim 1, wherein the planting row spacing of the lily is 0.2-0.35m.
6. The method for improving the yield of the continuous cropping lily according to claim 1, wherein drainage ditches are arranged around the land.
7. The use of the method of claim 1 for treating lily wilt in continuous cropping to increase yield.
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