CN111466173A

CN111466173A - Method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms

Info

Publication number: CN111466173A
Application number: CN202010407130.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张娟琴; 吕卫光; 李双喜; 郑宪清; 张翰林; 白娜玲; 张海韵
Original assignee: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-05-14
Filing date: 2020-05-14
Publication date: 2020-07-31

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms, which comprises the steps of ploughing earthworm feed into a soil plough layer at the interval of crop stubble changing in a facility greenhouse, then throwing earthworm seedlings into the soil, covering wet straws, and then planting the next crop. The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using the earthworms, provided by the invention, combines the current development requirements of ecological agriculture and economic society, creates a proper living environment according to the living characteristics of the earthworms, combines the soil improvement, the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and the earthworm cultivation, accelerates the nutrient conversion efficiency of the agricultural wastes, improves the ecological environment quality of farmland soil, adopts the green production concept of thick planting agriculture, and improves the yield and quality of agricultural products. The method has the advantages of novel conception, high economic and ecological benefits, simple and convenient management, easy mastering of technical operation and the like, and is worthy of popularization and application.

Description

Method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and plant protection, relates to a method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil of facilities by using earthworms, and particularly relates to a method for improving continuous cropping obstacle soil in facility agriculture by using earthworms instead of a traditional physical and chemical method.

Background

With the reduction of the cultivated land area, the facility, intensification and specialization of agricultural development, the facility agriculture development is rapid, the facility greenhouse is used as the main form of the facility agriculture, the industrialization degree is high, the benefit is good, but the multiple cropping index is high, the input amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is large, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the continuous cropping phenomenon is common, even under the normal cultivation management condition, the facility greenhouse is easy to have the soil barrier problems of soil nutrient unbalance, soil hardening, salinization, acidification, accumulation of autotoxic substances and harmful organisms (pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes and the like), and the most outstanding problem for restricting the facility agriculture development is the soil continuous cropping barrier.

The crops with continuous cropping obstacles in agricultural production have various types and wide areas, and for example, the common solanaceae, leguminous, cruciferae, cucurbitaceae and rosaceous crops have serious continuous cropping obstacles. And 70% of continuous cropping obstacles are caused by soil-borne diseases and pests. Such as blight of melon, fruit, bean vegetables; verticillium wilt of eggplant and the like; bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables; root knot nematode diseases of cucumbers, celery and agaric vegetables; soft rot of Chinese cabbage and the like; stem blight of asparagus, and the like. At present, the prevention and treatment of continuous cropping obstacles mainly comprise agricultural measures, disease-resistant variety cultivation, chemical prevention and biological prevention and treatment and the like. The agricultural measures mainly comprise crop rotation with non-host plants, insolation, reasonable fertilization and the like, wherein the crop rotation is widely used, but the crop rotation has great limitation on some special economic crops or specific regions which cannot meet the requirement of reasonable crop rotation, and although the agricultural measures can effectively slow down the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles, the agricultural measures do not have ideal effect on preventing and controlling plots with serious continuous cropping obstacles. The breeding of disease-resistant varieties is a time-consuming and complex process, pathogenic bacteria are continuously differentiated, and the cultured resistant varieties are easily infected by physiological races differentiated from the pathogenic bacteria. The chemical prevention and control is to utilize various chemical agents to kill pathogenic bacteria in soil, such as carbendazim, double-effect aqua, DT bactericide, potassium permanganate, antibacterial agent and the like, but the chemical agents also kill beneficial bacteria in the soil while killing the pathogenic bacteria, so that the diversity of soil microorganisms is reduced, and the damage to community structures is caused; the chemical reagent can also improve the disease resistance of pathogenic bacteria, the pesticide effect is reduced after long-term use, and the residual pesticide pollutes the environment, destroys the ecological balance and harms the human health. The biological control mainly utilizes beneficial bacteria and the like to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in soil or interfere the infection of the pathogenic bacteria to host plants. Such as Bacillus subtilis Bll, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Nongkang 120, Bacillus, AMF and the like. However, the biological control effect is influenced by multiple factors such as plant antagonistic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and is also limited by factors such as a cultivation management system and environmental conditions, the propagation of probiotics can be limited by severe environmental conditions, the control effect is unstable, the probiotics cannot be automatically transmitted, the soil inoculation operation is difficult, labor and time are wasted, and the popularization and application of the probiotics in agricultural production are not facilitated. The method can play a certain role in a short period of time, but has poor sustainability.

At present, domestic soil improvement still mainly adopts a physical, chemical or microbial agent method, such as: the method for treating the continuous cropping soil by combining high-temperature steam sterilization with rhizobium fertilizer (CN201710509918.2), the method for improving the continuous cropping soil of greenhouse strawberries (CN201410049321.0), the method for combining high-temperature irrigation, Haochiping and the like provide a soil-borne methodA method for controlling diseases (application No. CN200410004767) comprises coating soil to be disinfected with VIF film, and applying 35-40g/m to soil in the film²Methyl bromide of soil, or 70-80g/m²And (4) disinfecting the soil by using a 37% water agent in the soil.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms, establish a technical mode combining resource utilization of agricultural wastes, soil improvement, earthworm cultivation and green planting, solve the problems of more continuous cropping soil obstacles, heavy diseases, low crop yield, poor quality and the like, fully utilize the agricultural wastes to reduce the using amount of chemical fertilizers, and improve the ecological environment of farmlands.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by earthworms, wherein earthworms are ploughed into a soil plough layer in the gap of crop stubble changing in a facility greenhouse, and then wet straws are covered after earthworms seedlings are put into the soil, and then the next crop is planted.

Preferably, be equipped with the escape canal around the facility big-arch shelter, the width of escape canal is 20 ~ 30cm, the degree of depth of escape canal is 80 ~ 100 cm. The escape canal can ensure that the drainage is good and can prevent earthworms from escaping.

Preferably, a water supply device is arranged in the facility greenhouse. The water supply device is selected from one or two of a dropper or sprinkling irrigation equipment. The sprinkler irrigation equipment is conventionally used crop sprinkler irrigation equipment.

Preferably, the earthworm feed comprises straws and organic fertilizers, and the adding amount ratio of the straws to the organic fertilizers is 1: 8-3: 2. The putting amount is the putting weight.

More preferably, the feeding amount of the earthworm feed comprises 0.5-1.5 tons/mu of straws and 1.0-4.0 tons/mu of organic fertilizer.

More preferably, the straw is selected from one or more of rice and wheat straw, vegetable waste, mushroom residue, green manure or pasture. The rice and wheat straws are rice or wheat straws. The vegetable waste is waste residue after vegetable harvesting. The mushroom residue is mushroom residue, including waste mushroom culture material and mushroom residue. The green manure is a green plant used as a fertilizer, and comprises leguminous green manure and non-leguminous green manure. The pasture is grass or other herbaceous plants used for raising livestock.

More preferably, the straws need to be pre-piled for 7-15 days after being crushed.

More preferably, the organic fertilizer is selected from one or more of decomposed livestock manure, stable manure or commercial organic fertilizer. The animal manure is prepared by mixing and stacking livestock manure, gasket materials and feed stubbles and performing microbial action on the mixture. The commercial organic fertilizer is prepared from wastes such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straws through harmless treatment such as high-temperature fermentation, decomposition, deodorization and the like according to national standards.

Preferably, the depth of the plowing is 15-30 cm. The plowing is to uniformly turn the earthworm feed into the soil by a plowing plow.

Preferably, ridging and ditching are carried out after the ploughing, the ridge width is 20-50 cm, and the ridge distance is 5-20 cm. The ridging and ditching are performed to meet the planting requirement of crops.

Preferably, the soil is kept under the following conditions before the earthworm seedlings are put into the soil: the water content of the soil is kept between 15 and 50 percent; the pH value of the soil is 4.5-8.5; the temperature of the soil is kept at 5-30 ℃.

The water content of the soil is the percentage of the weight of water to the weight of dry soil. When the water content of the soil is lower, namely the soil is drier, the water content can be controlled by conventional means such as farmland irrigation and the like in combination with the water demand condition of crops.

Preferably, the putting amount of the earthworm seedlings is 200-1000 kg/mu.

Preferably, the putting temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 10-25 ℃.

Preferably, the putting time of the earthworm seedlings is 18: 00-20: 00 in summer.

Preferably, the growth and propagation temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 10-30 ℃.

More preferably, the growth and propagation temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 20-25 ℃.

The temperature can be regulated by the following measures: increasing the straw coverage in winter and applying organic fertilizer; the greenhouse is well protected in summer for ventilation, and the soil temperature is reduced by matching with irrigation.

Preferably, the earthworm seedlings are of conventional artificially cultured earthworm varieties.

More preferably, the earthworm breeding includes, but is not limited to, Eisenia foetida of the family Eisenia lumbricaceae, Thielavia mellea of the family Membranaceae, Eisenia hybrida.

Preferably, after the earthworm seedlings are put in, organic fertilizers with the weight not less than 1.0 ton are additionally applied to each mu every year. The earthworms are used for improving soil, enough feed needs to be provided, the growth needs of crops and young earthworms are guaranteed, and the soil is continuously improved.

Preferably, the covering thickness of the wet straw is 2-10 cm.

Preferably, the moisture content of the wet straw is 10-30%. Provides a shading environment for earthworms, keeps moisture and stable temperature, and has no special requirement to replace mulching films.

Preferably, the earthworms adopt a bait trapping method to collect adult earthworms in a non-growth period every 3-6 months. And judging the adult earthworms according to the clitellum. The collected adult earthworms are used as medicines or for preparing feeds.

Preferably, the crop planting mode is transplanting or direct seeding.

Preferably, when the crops are planted, the pest control mode is selected from one or two of the beneficial insect release mode and the pest killing mode.

More preferably, the pest killing is selected from one or more of the group consisting of releasing sex attractant, setting insecticidal lamp, releasing pesticide safe to earthworm and environment. The pesticides include, but are not limited to, spirotetramat, Ceriporiopsis, epoxiconazole, ningnanmycin, jinggangmycin, pyrimidicidin, thifluzamide.

Preferably, the crop is selected from one or more of melons, solanaceous fruits, beans or leafy vegetables. The crop can be selected according to the crop rotation arrangement.

The earthworms mentioned in the invention, as a large soil animal which has important influence on the agricultural ecological system, have important influence on the material circulation, energy transfer, fertility improvement and the like of soil through activities such as phagocytosis, excretion (earthworm feces), hole digging and the like, and play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the ecological balance of soil.

However, earthworms feed on organic matter and decomposition products thereof in soil as large soil animals, including humus, bacteria, fungi, and the like in soil. When the earthworm food in the soil is deficient, the earthworms consume organic matters in the soil and even escape or die, so that the soil improvement effect cannot be achieved, and the soil is damaged. Therefore, soil can not be improved simply by putting earthworms in the soil.

The earthworm feed provided by the invention comprises a large amount of agricultural wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like, and has practical and profound significance for improving the agricultural ecological environment and promoting the agricultural sustainable development by carrying out resource utilization on the earthworm feed. Since the earthworms are saprophytic animals and feed on organic wastes, the organic wastes (earthworm feed) are put into the soil, so that the growth and development of the earthworms can be guaranteed, the agricultural wastes are treated by the earthworms, the organic wastes can be converted into high-quality organic fertilizers, and the earthworm feces are natural organic fertilizers with granular structures, so that the growth and development of crops are promoted, the virtuous cycle and energy flow of substances of a soil ecosystem are realized, the soil fertility is improved, the soil micro-ecological environment quality is improved, and the earthworm bodies can be obtained. Meanwhile, because the soil improvement effect depends on the growth condition of the earthworms, according to the characteristics that the earthworms like dark, moist and warm environments and the earthworms have large food intake, when the feed (with a proper amount of proportion) is put in, the dark, moist and warm growth environment is created in a mode of covering straws (with a proper amount of thickness and water content), so that the growth and the propagation of the earthworms are promoted, and a foundation is laid for soil improvement.

Meanwhile, the earthworm has medicinal and edible values, contains rich protein, can be used as feed for livestock, poultry and aquaculture industry, is also a precious traditional Chinese medicinal material, has the effects of relieving fever, relieving spasm, activating collaterals, relieving asthma, reducing blood pressure, promoting urination and the like, and has large market demand. Therefore, the earthworm is utilized to improve the continuous cropping soil, and has remarkable ecological and economic benefits.

At present, the application of earthworms to improve soil is relatively less, and the main improvement method is to apply soil improvement agents added with earthworm feces, such as an ecological soil remediation agent (CN201810367751.5) and a soil remediation agent (CN 201810356409.5); and improvement modes for breeding earthworms, such as a simple and effective soil remediation method (CN201710642835.0), a method for soil remediation using earthworms (CN201310338838.7), and a novel soil improvement method for organically combining earthworm breeding, crop planting, soil improvement and resource utilization of agricultural wastes in a seed-breeding mode.

As described above, the method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects that the method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms under non-rotation conditions according to facility agricultural production and earthworm soil living characteristics:

(1) according to the method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using the earthworms, the ratio of water-stable large aggregates can be increased by the earthworms, the soil is loosened, the pH of the soil is adjusted and adjusted, the nutrient characteristic of the soil is improved, the microbial activity and community structure of the soil are adjusted and controlled, the host plant is induced to generate resistance, and the soil hardening is slowed down. The crops are transplanted or directly sown after ridging and ditching according to the characteristics of the cultivated crops, and the method is favorable for soil improvement and conservation. Thereby achieving the purpose of repairing the continuous cropping obstacle.

(2) According to the method for improving the facility continuous cropping soil by using the earthworms, the straws and the organic fertilizer are applied to the soil in proportion before the crops are planted according to the arrangement of the crops for rotation, and the crops are planted and managed according to the conventional method after the earthworms are put in the soil.

(3) According to the method for improving the facility continuous cropping soil by using the earthworms, provided by the invention, after the soil is improved, the quality and the additional value of agricultural products are favorably improved, so that better economic benefit is obtained.

(4) The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms has good ecological benefit, adopts agricultural wastes as earthworm baits, realizes resource utilization of the wastes, can loosen soil, improve soil fertility and improve soil micro-ecological environment, and reduces the dosage of chemical pesticides and is more environment-friendly due to the adoption of a large amount of green plant protection and control technologies.

(5) According to the method for improving the facility continuous cropping soil by using the earthworms, provided by the invention, the conversion efficiency of the nutrients in the straws can be accelerated, the continuous cropping soil is improved, the ecological environment quality of the produced soil is improved, the green production concept of thick planting agriculture is realized, the yield and the quality of agricultural products are improved, ecological products such as the earthworms are formed, and the method has important significance for improving the ecological environment of farmlands, promoting the resource utilization of the agricultural wastes and promoting the industrialized development of the ecological cycle of the farmlands.

(6) The method for improving the facility continuous cropping soil by using the earthworms replaces the agricultural film by covering the straws, thereby reducing the white pollution of the agricultural film.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the invention.

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A facility greenhouse is arranged on the soil plowing land, and drainage ditches with the width of 20-30 cm and the depth of 80-100 cm are arranged on the periphery of the facility greenhouse. The facility greenhouse is internally provided with a water supply device, and the water supply device is selected from one or two combinations of a dropper or sprinkling irrigation equipment.

In the gap of crop stubble changing in the facility greenhouse, the earthworm feed is ploughed into a soil plough layer, ridging and ditching are carried out after ploughing, the ridge width is 20-50 cm, and the ridge interval is 5-20 cm. The feeding amount of the selected earthworm feed comprises 0.5-1.5 tons/mu of straws and 1.0-4.0 tons/mu of organic fertilizer. The straws are smashed and then piled for 7-15 days, and the straws are selected from one or more of rice and wheat straws, vegetable wastes, mushroom residues, green manure or pasture. The organic fertilizer is selected from one or more of decomposed livestock manure, stable manure or commercial organic fertilizer.

Before the earthworm seedlings are put into the soil, the water content of the soil is kept to be 15-50%, the pH value of the soil is 4.5-8.5, and the temperature of the soil is kept to be 5-30 ℃. Then, putting the earthworm seedlings in the soil, wherein the putting amount of the earthworm seedlings is 200-1000 kg/mu, the putting temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 10-25 ℃, and the putting time of the earthworm seedlings is 18: 00-20: 00 in summer. The earthworm seedling is selected from Eisenia foetida of Eisenia lumbricaceae, Thielavia lubriensis of Membranaceae, and hybrid Eisenia gigantea.

Then covering the wet straws, and transplanting or directly sowing the next crop. The covering thickness of the wet straws is 2-10 cm. The growth and propagation temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 20-25 ℃. And after the earthworm seedlings are put in, organic fertilizers with the weight not less than 1.0 ton are additionally applied to each mu every year. And (3) picking up adult earthworms in a non-growth period by the earthworms by a bait trapping method every 3-6 months. When crops are planted, the pest control mode is selected from one or more combinations of putting beneficial insects or killing pests, and the pest killing mode is selected from putting sex attractant, setting pest killing lamp and putting pesticides which are safe to earthworms and environment. The crop is selected from one of melons, solanaceous fruits, beans or leaf vegetables.

Example 2

In the greenhouse for continuous cropping of watermelons in a certain test base in Shanghai for 5 years, the soil type with serious continuous cropping obstacles of watermelons (about 40 percent of blight of watermelon in the previous crop) is moist soil. Basic physicochemical properties of the obstacle soil: basic soil properties: pH7.72, conductivity of 1.18mS/cm, organic matter content of 18.1g/kg, total nitrogen content of 1.46g/kg, total phosphorus content of 2.04g/kg and total potassium content of 12.83 g/kg.

Drainage ditches with the width of 24-26 cm and the depth of 85-95 cm are arranged around the facility greenhouse. The facility greenhouse is internally provided with a water supply device, and the water supply device is a dropper and sprinkling irrigation equipment. Different test areas in the facility greenhouse are separated by the geomembrane with the depth of 1m, so that mutual interference and influence are prevented.

After watermelon is harvested in autumn in a greenhouse with continuous cropping of the watermelon for 5 years, the earthworm feed is ploughed into a soil plough layer, ridging and ditching are carried out after ploughing, the ridge width is 30-40 cm, and the ridge distance is 10-15 cm. The feeding amount of the selected earthworm feed comprises 0.8 ton/mu of straws and 2.5 ton/mu of organic fertilizer. The straws are required to be smashed and then piled for 10-12 days, and the straws are a mixture of rice and wheat straws and vegetable wastes. The organic fertilizer is cow dung, and the organic fertilizer has the water content of 39.46 percent, the organic matter content of 42.20g/kg, the total nitrogen content of 8.82g/kg, the total phosphorus content of 7.38g/kg and the total potassium content of 5.88 g/kg.

Before the earthworm seedlings are put into the soil, the water content of the soil is kept at 30-40%, the pH value of the soil is 6-7, and the temperature of the soil is kept at 15-25 ℃. Then, putting earthworm seedlings into the soil, wherein the earthworm seedlings are Pheretima Williamsii (Pheretima aguillellmii) and Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida), the putting amount of each earthworm seedling is 300 kg/mu, the putting temperature of each earthworm seedling is 15-20 ℃, and the putting time of each earthworm seedling is 18: 00-20: 00 in summer. .

Then covering the wet straws, and transplanting or directly sowing the next crop. The thickness of the wet straw was 5 cm. The growth and propagation temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 20-25 ℃. According to the arrangement of crops for rotation, the conventional cultivation and earthworm release modes are adopted for obstacle soil improvement and watermelon planting in spring, and commercial organic fertilizers are additionally applied in ditching respectively in the season of vintage and full bloom, wherein the additional amount is 0.5 ton/mu.

Example 3

The greenhouse soil in which the lumbricus, Eisenia foetida (Taiping No. 2) and no earthworm were put in example 2 was tested, and the data on the influence on the physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in Table 1.

From table 1, it can be seen that the soil pH, conductivity and volume weight of the greenhouse continuous cropping obstacle soil with the earthworm lumbricus williamsii and Eisenia foetida (Taiping No. 2) are improved to different degrees, and the soil quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters are respectively 30.6-36.7%, 31.3-45.6%, 18.8-19.3%, 34.7-37.2% and 53.3-64.4% higher than those treated conventionally after the earthworm is thrown, so that the ecological benefit is remarkable.

TABLE 1 influence of earthworm delivery on soil physicochemical Properties

Note: different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences between treatments (P <0.05)

Example 4

The greenhouse soil in which the lumbricus, Eisenia foetida (Taiping No. 2) and no earthworm were put in example 2 was tested, and the data on the influence of the soil on the culturable microorganisms are shown in Table 2.

Most of the soil-borne pathogenic bacteria are fungi, and as can be seen from table 2, compared with conventional treatment, the addition of earthworms greatly increases the number of culturable microorganisms and reduces the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria. The earthworm throwing can improve the microbial community structure of soil and effectively reduce the incidence rate of soil-borne diseases.

TABLE 2 Effect of earthworm delivery on culturable microorganisms in soil

Example 5

The greenhouse soil in which the lumbricus, Eisenia foetida (Taiping No. 2) and no earthworm were put in the example 2 was tested, and the data of the biochemical indexes of the continuous cropping soil of watermelon is shown in Table 3.

As can be seen from Table 3, the contents of total phenolic acids (autotoxic substances) and fusarium oxysporum (pathogenic bacteria) in the soil after earthworms are put in are respectively reduced by 44.9-73.9% and 51.8-68.4% compared with the conventional treatment, meanwhile, the contents of soil dehydrogenase (microbial activity) and microbial carbon (total microbial quantity) are improved by 26.6-77.9% and 51.5-69.0% compared with the conventional treatment, and the soil improvement effect is remarkable.

TABLE 3 influence of earthworm delivery on soil biochemical indicators

Note: at different times, different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences between treatments (P <0.05)

Example 6

The yields of the greenhouse watermelons into which the limnodrilus lumbricus and the eisenia foetida (tai hei No. 2) and into which no earthworms are fed in example 2 were measured, and the specific data are shown in table 4.

As can be seen from table 4, in facility greenhouse watermelons into which limnodrilus lumbricus and eisenia foetida (tai hei No. 2) are put, the control effects of blight reach 64.61% and 52.64%, respectively, and the control effects are obvious. Meanwhile, the yield of the watermelon in the greenhouse with the lima lumbricus and Eisenia foetida (Taiping No. 2) is improved by 28.3-38.8% compared with the yield of the watermelon cultivated conventionally, and the yield increasing effect of the watermelon is remarkable.

TABLE 4 Effect of earthworm delivery on watermelon yield

Note: control effect (%) (incidence rate of conventional treatment group-incidence rate of treatment group)/incidence rate of conventional treatment 100; different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences between treatments (P <0.05)

In conclusion, the method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms provided by the invention combines the current development requirements of ecological agriculture and economic society, creates a proper living environment according to the living characteristics of earthworms, combines the soil improvement and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes with the earthworm cultivation, accelerates the nutrient conversion efficiency of the agricultural wastes, improves the ecological environment quality of farmland soil, adopts the concept of thick planting agricultural green production, and improves the yield and quality of agricultural products. The method has the advantages of novel conception, high economic and ecological benefits, simple and convenient management, easy mastering of technical operation and the like, and is worthy of popularization and application. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the continuous cropping soil of facility by earthworm includes such steps as ploughing the earthworm forage in the soil plough layer at the intervals of crop stubble change in greenhouse, putting earthworm seedlings in the soil, covering with wet rice straw, and planting the next crop.

2. The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein drainage ditches are arranged around the facility greenhouse, the width of each drainage ditch is 20-30 cm, and the depth of each drainage ditch is 80-100 cm.

3. The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworm feed comprises straws and organic fertilizer, and the adding amount ratio of the straws to the organic fertilizer is 1: 8-3: 2.

4. The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms as claimed in claim 3, wherein the straws are selected from one or more of rice and wheat straws, vegetable wastes, mushroom residues, green manure or pasture; the straws need to be pre-piled for 7-15 days after being crushed.

5. The method for improving continuous cropping soil of facilities by using earthworms as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic fertilizer is one or more of decomposed livestock manure, stable manure or commercial organic fertilizer.

6. The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the plowing is 15-30 cm; and ridging and ditching are carried out after the ploughing, the ridge width is 20-50 cm, and the ridge interval is 5-20 cm.

7. The method for improving continuous cropping soil by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil is maintained under the following conditions before the earthworms are put into the seedlings: the water content of the soil is kept between 15 and 50 percent; the pH value of the soil is 4.5-8.5; the temperature of the soil is kept at 5-30 ℃.

8. The method for improving the continuous cropping soil of the facility by using the earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the putting conditions of the earthworm seedlings comprise any one or more of the following conditions:

1) the putting amount of the earthworm seedlings is 200-1000 kg/mu;

2) the putting temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 10-25 ℃;

3) the putting time of the earthworm seedlings is 18: 00-20: 00 in summer;

4) the growth and propagation temperature of the earthworm seedlings is 10-30 ℃.

9. The method for improving continuous cropping soil of facilities by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein no less than 1.0 ton of organic fertilizer is additionally applied per mu per year after the earthworm seedlings are thrown.

10. The method for improving facility continuous cropping soil by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the covering thickness of the wet straw is 2-10 cm; the moisture content of the wet straw is 10-30%.