CN108218507B - Sugarcane planting method - Google Patents
Sugarcane planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108218507B CN108218507B CN201611199133.1A CN201611199133A CN108218507B CN 108218507 B CN108218507 B CN 108218507B CN 201611199133 A CN201611199133 A CN 201611199133A CN 108218507 B CN108218507 B CN 108218507B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of sugarcane. The method has the advantages that wood rot fungi are cultured on the surface of the soil, earthworms are raised in the shallow layer of the soil, fermentation microorganisms are cultured, organic matters such as lignin and cellulose in the soil are decomposed to generate carbon dioxide, the concentration of the carbon dioxide around the sugarcane is increased, the photosynthetic efficiency of the sugarcane is further improved, the purpose of increasing the yield of the sugarcane is achieved, meanwhile, the method promotes the conversion of the organic matters in the soil, limits the growth of harmful microorganisms, and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of sugarcane.
Background
China is one of the countries with the largest production scale of sugarcane in the world, and the sugarcane is the main raw material in the sugar industry of China. Only sufficient sugarcane raw materials can meet the development of the sugar industry in China. Therefore, the current major task of the sugarcane industry is to increase the production of sugarcane raw materials. Although the sugarcane planting in the sugarcane main production area in China forms a certain scale, in order to promote the development of the sugarcane industry and the sugar industry, further research and exploration on the sugarcane planting technology need to be strengthened, so that the yield and the quality of the production and processing of the sugarcane industry in China are ensured.
At present, a lot of researches are carried out on planting technologies for improving the yield of sugarcane, and the researches mainly focus on soil fertilization, cultivation management, fine variety cultivation and the like of the sugarcane. For example, a low-toxicity sugarcane planting method disclosed in patent No. CN201410399647.6 analyzes the high-yield sugarcane planting method in detail in the aspects of land preparation, base fertilizer application, sowing, intertillage management and the like, enhances the pest and disease resistance of the sugarcane by coordinating the growth environment, improves pest and disease forecast, prevents and treats the sugarcane in time, reduces the use of pesticides, promotes the yield and quality of the sugarcane, and improves the income. For example, CN201110437826.0, a controlled-release fertilizer special for sugar cane in dry land, which has the effect of increasing the yield by coating fertilizer effective components with sulfur and resin to improve the absorption efficiency of sugar cane to fertilizer. It can be seen that in the existing sugarcane planting technology, the use of fertilizers and pesticides is emphasized, a large amount of chemical residues are brought, and the quality of the sugarcane is influenced.
On the other hand, a large number of scientific experiments and production practices prove that: the carbon dioxide can promote the development of plant organs and tissues, and the carbon dioxide with higher concentration has a positive effect on the improvement of the crop yield. However, carbon dioxide fertilizer is mainly used in the facility cultivation of C3 crops such as vegetables and flowers, and for C4 plants which can use carbon dioxide with high efficiency, the yield increase effect can be achieved by using carbon dioxide, for example, documents "pica radiata, yanglinxin and the like", research progress of C4 crop FACE, ecological science report, 2011, 31 "elaborates the nutrient organ change and yield increase conditions of C4 crops such as sorghum and corn under high concentration CO 2. However, the change of yield and quality of another C4 crop, namely sugarcane, when the sugarcane is planted under high-concentration carbon dioxide is not reported. Therefore, the researchers summarize a set of method for promoting the growth of the sugarcane by improving the concentration of the carbon dioxide through sugarcane planting tests for many years, and a new thought is provided for the high yield of the sugarcane.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a sugarcane planting method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying decomposed animal manure and straw powder to a cultivation field 20-30 days before sugarcane planting, applying 900-1300 kg/mu of decomposed animal manure, applying 800 kg/mu of straw powder, spraying 50-100kg of straw zymocyte liquid with the concentration of 0.5-0.8% per mu after uniformly scattering the animal manure and the straw powder, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 50-60 cm to uniformly mix the animal manure and soil. 5-10 days before sugarcane planting, planting ditches with soil depth of 25-30 cm are dug in the farmland, the distance between ditches is 90-100 cm on a sloping field, and 110-120 cm on a paddy field are covered with a film.
The particle size of the plant straw powder is less than 8mm, and the plant straw powder is soft after being soaked.
Step two: when the sugarcane is planted, livestock manure containing 8-12% of compound fertilizer is used in the ditch, the thickness of the manure is 5-8cm, disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks are continuously put into the sugarcane ditch, the density is 6-8 seeds/m, earthworms are inoculated, the inoculation amount is 0.1-0.3kg/m2, the soil is returned to cover the seeds, and after the seeds are irrigated, the mulching film is covered again; the two sides of the mulching film are compacted, and a little soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the light is weak under the mulching film.
The livestock manure decomposed fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1-1.5:2-3, adding 8-12% of compound fertilizer and 2-4% of secondary element fertilizer, uniformly stirring and fermenting.
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, spreading the mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two rows of the sugarcane, spraying 100kg of 3-5% straw zymophyte liquid per mu after the mixture is spread flatly, covering a layer of straw substrate of 3cm, and then inoculating wood rot fungi which grow well. The sugarcane leaves stripped in the middle growth period and the weeds removed are cut to be 20-30cm in length and laid between sugarcane rows, and 5% of straw degrading bacteria liquid is sprayed. The trichogramma is released in the middle growth period, the density of the trichogramma is 8-10 ten thousand heads per mu, the trichogramma is used for preventing and controlling sugarcane borers, and culture materials, wood rot fungi and straw zymocyte liquid are added every week according to the change condition of fermentation materials.
The preparation process of the mixture of the weeds and the cow dung is as follows: mixing fresh cow dung with 3-5 cm-sized weeds and leaves, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 23-25:1, adding 1.5-2.3% by mass of calcium phosphate and 1-1.5% by mass of calcium carbonate, adjusting the water content to 68-75% and adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2. The thickness of the mixture between sugarcane rows is not less than 10 cm.
The straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust in a mass ratio of 6-8:2-3.5:1, has a particle size of less than 5cm, is soft after being soaked, has a water content of 70-85%, and is a culture substrate of wood rot fungi; meanwhile, the lower-layer substrate is subjected to heat preservation, so that the fermentation of straw decomposing bacteria is promoted.
The wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-1.6:3-3.5, and the inoculum size is 0.3-0.5kg/m 2.
Murrill is purchased from general microbiological culture Collection center of China institute of science. Inoculating the purchased strain to a PDA slant culture medium under the aseptic operation condition, and culturing at 26 ℃ for 14d for activation; and (3) performing enlarged culture on the activated mythimna separata by using a pine powder culture medium until the surface of the culture medium is full of hyphae.
The selected strain is a typical species of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKMF1767) of white rot fungi, which is purchased from the center of typical culture in China of Wuhan university, domesticated strain of the strain is inoculated on Potato (PDA) agar culture medium, after the strain is cultured for 5-7d to grow full of spores, the spores are scraped to prepare spore suspension with the concentration of 2.0 × 106 mL < -1 >. Inoculating 5mL of prepared spore suspension into wheat bran, straw and potato juice in a mass ratio of 3: 7: 35, culturing at 37 ℃ until hyphae are fully distributed.
The invention has the advantages of
According to the invention, a high-activity carbon-producing ecological circle is constructed by using sufficient organic fertilizer before sugarcane sowing, and adding wood rot fungi capable of decomposing lignin and cellulose in the organic fertilizer, earthworms capable of decomposing organic matters and straw fermentation fungi. The EM zymophyte in the shallow soil layer decomposes to generate heat, growth heat is provided for the wood rotting fungi growing on the upper layer, small molecular substances generated by the decomposition of lignin and cellulose by the wood rotting fungi can be further used by the earthworms and the EM, sufficient CO2 is generated by the mutually beneficial growth and metabolism of various microorganisms, the intercross carbon dioxide concentration of the sugarcane is increased, and the photosynthetic rate of the sugarcane is increased. Moreover, the high-temperature environment for the growth of the sugarcane and the weak light environment provided by the branches and leaves of the sugarcane are beneficial to the efficient operation of the ecosphere constructed by microorganisms such as wood rot fungi, and the picked sugarcane leaves can be used as decomposition raw materials of the microorganisms. In addition, the microorganisms promote the substance conversion among soils and the formation of humus while decomposing organic matters, decompose allelochemicals secreted by the roots of the sugarcane, reduce diseases caused by continuous cropping, increase the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil, reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, reduce the pollution to the soil, and ensure that the soil keeps high biological activity and high carbon yield for a long time.
Detailed Description
The following description is provided to further limit the technical scope of the present invention, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A planting method of sugarcane comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying rotten animal manure and straw powder to the cultivation land 30 days before the sugarcane is planted,
the decomposed manure is applied at 1200 kg/mu, the straw powder is applied at 800 kg/mu, 50kg of straw zymophyte liquid with the concentration of 0.5 percent is sprayed per mu after the uniform manure and the straw powder are scattered, and then the rotary tillage is carried out for 60cm, so that the manure and the soil are uniformly mixed. Planting ditches with soil depth of 30cm are dug in the cultivation land 10 days before the sugarcane is planted, the distance between the ditches is 100cm on a sloping field, and the planting ditches are covered by a film at the distance of 120cm in a paddy field.
The particle size of the plant straw powder is less than 8mm, and the plant straw powder is soft after being soaked.
Step two: the thickness of the manure decomposed fertilizer containing 10 percent of compound fertilizer in the ditch is 8cm,
continuously placing disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks into a sugarcane ditch with the density of 6-8 seeds/m, and inoculating earthworms with the inoculation amount of 0.1kg/m2Returning soil and covering seeds, and after irrigating, covering the mulching film again; the two sides of the mulching film are compacted, and a little soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the light is weak under the mulching film.
The livestock manure decomposed fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1.2:2, adding 12% of compound fertilizer and 2% of secondary element fertilizer, stirring uniformly and fermenting.
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, paving a mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two rows of the sugarcane, spraying 100kg of 5% straw zymocyte liquid to each mu after paving, covering a layer of straw substrate of 3cm, and then inoculating wood rotting fungi with good growth, wherein the mass ratio of the white rotting fungi inoculum to the Pleurotus densitus inoculum is 1:3, and the inoculum size is 0.5kg/m2. The sugarcane leaves stripped in the middle growth period and the weeds removed are cut to be 20-30cm in length and laid between sugarcane rows, and 5% of straw degrading bacteria liquid is sprayed. Adding culture materials, wood rot fungi and straw zymocyte liquid according to the change condition of the fermentation materials every week.
The preparation process of the mixture of the weeds and the cow dung is as follows: mixing fresh cow dung with 5 cm-sized weeds and leaves, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, adding 2.3% by mass of calcium phosphate and 1.5% by mass of calcium carbonate, and adjusting the water content to 75% and the pH to 7. The thickness of the mixture between the rows of sugar cane was 8 cm.
The straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the soybean straw to the pine wood dust is 6:2:1, the granularity of the pine wood dust is 3cm, the pine wood dust is soft after being soaked, and the water content of the pine wood dust is 70%.
The wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, wherein the inoculum of the phanerochaete chrysosporium and the inoculum of the pythium chrysosporium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the inoculum size is 0.3kg/m2。
Example 2
A planting method of sugarcane comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying rotten animal manure and straw powder to the cultivation land 20 days before the sugarcane is planted,
the decomposed manure is applied at 900 kg/mu, the straw powder is applied at 500 kg/mu, 50kg of straw zymophyte liquid with the concentration of 0.5 percent is sprayed per mu after the manure and the straw powder are uniformly scattered, and then the manure is uniformly mixed with soil after rotary tillage for 50 cm. 5 days before sugarcane planting, planting ditches with soil depth of 25cm are dug in a cultivation land, the distance between the ditches is 90cm on a sloping field and 110cm on a paddy field, and the planting ditches are covered by a film.
The particle size of the plant straw powder is 5mm, and the plant straw powder is soft after being soaked.
Step two: when the sugarcane is planted, the manure of the livestock containing 8 percent of compound fertilizer is used for decomposing,
the thickness is 5cm, the disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks are continuously put into sugarcane ditches, the density is 6-8/m, earthworms are inoculated, and the inoculation amount is 0.2kg/m2Returning soil, covering seeds, irrigating, and covering the mulching film again; the two sides of the mulching film are compacted, and a little soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the light is weak under the mulching film.
The livestock manure decomposed fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1.3:2, adding 12% of compound fertilizer and 2% of secondary element fertilizer, stirring uniformly and fermenting.
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, paving a mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two rows of the sugarcane, spraying 100kg of 3% straw zymocyte liquid to each mu after paving, covering a layer of 3cm straw substrate, and then inoculating wood rotting fungi with good growth, wherein the mass ratio of the white rotting fungi inoculum to the Pleurotus densitus inoculum is 1:3.2, and the inoculum size is 0.3kg/m2. Stripped in the middle of growthThe sugarcane leaves and the weeds to be removed are cut to be 20-30cm in length, laid between sugarcane rows and sprayed with 5% of straw degrading bacteria liquid. Adding culture materials, wood rot fungi and straw zymocyte liquid according to the change condition of the fermentation materials every week.
The preparation process of the mixture of the weeds and the cow dung is as follows: mixing fresh cow dung with weeds and leaves with the granularity of 5cm, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 23:1, adding calcium phosphate with the mass of 1.6% and calcium carbonate with the mass of 1%, and adjusting the water content to be 68% and the pH to be 7. The thickness of the mixture between the rows of sugar cane was 8 cm.
The straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the soybean straw to the pine wood dust is 8:3.5:1, the granularity of the pine wood dust is 3cm, the pine wood dust is soft after being soaked, and the water content of the pine wood dust is 70%.
The wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the inoculum of the phanerochaete chrysosporium and the inoculum of the pythium chrysosporium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.6:3.5, and the inoculum size is 0.5kg/m2。
Example 3
A planting method of sugarcane comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (2) applying decomposed manure and straw powder to the cultivation land 25 days before the sugarcane is planted, applying the decomposed manure at 1100 kg/mu, applying the straw powder at 700 kg/mu, spraying 70kg of 0.7% straw zymophyte liquid per mu after uniformly scattering the manure and the straw powder, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 60cm to uniformly mix the manure and soil. Planting ditches with soil depth of 28cm are dug in the cultivation land 8 days before sugarcane planting, the intervals between ditches are 100cm on a sloping field, and the planting ditches are covered by a film at the distance of 120cm in a paddy field.
The particle size of the plant straw powder is less than 8mm, and the plant straw powder is soft after being soaked.
Step two: using livestock manure decomposed fertilizer containing 10% of compound fertilizer in the ditch, wherein the thickness of the fertilizer is 8cm, continuously putting disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks into the sugarcane ditch with the density of 8 seeds/m, inoculating earthworms with the inoculation amount of 0.2kg/m2, returning soil, covering seeds, irrigating, and covering the mulching film again; the two sides of the mulching film are compacted, and a little soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the light is weak under the mulching film.
The livestock manure decomposed fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1:2.5, adding 11% of compound fertilizer and 3% of secondary element fertilizer, stirring uniformly and fermenting.
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, paving a mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two rows of the sugarcane, spraying 100kg of 5% straw zymocyte liquid to each mu after paving, covering a layer of straw substrate of 3cm, and then inoculating wood rotting fungi with good growth, wherein the mass ratio of the white rotting fungi inoculum to the Pleurotus densitus inoculum is 1:3, and the inoculum size is 0.5kg/m2. The sugarcane leaves stripped in the middle growth period and the weeds removed are cut to be 20-30cm in length and laid between sugarcane rows, and 5% of straw degrading bacteria liquid is sprayed. Adding culture materials, wood rot fungi and straw zymocyte liquid according to the change condition of the fermentation materials every week.
The preparation process of the mixture of the weeds and the cow dung is as follows: mixing fresh cow dung with 5 cm-sized weeds and leaves, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 24:1, adding 2.3% by mass of calcium phosphate and 1.5% by mass of calcium carbonate, and adjusting the water content to 75% and the pH to 7. The thickness of the mixture between the rows of sugar cane was 8 cm.
The straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the soybean straw to the pine wood dust is 6:2:1, the granularity of the pine wood dust is 3cm, the pine wood dust is soft after being soaked, and the water content of the pine wood dust is 66%.
The wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, wherein the inoculum of the phanerochaete chrysosporium and the inoculum of the pythium chrysosporium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.6:3, and the inoculum size is 0.4kg/m2。
Example 4
A planting method of sugarcane comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) applying decomposed manure and straw powder to a cultivation field 22 days before the sugarcane is planted, applying 1000 kg/mu of decomposed manure and 680 kg/mu of straw powder, spraying 70kg of straw zymocyte liquid with the concentration of 0.5% per mu after uniformly scattering the manure and the straw powder, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 50cm to uniformly mix the manure and soil. 5 days before sugarcane planting, planting ditches with soil depth of 25cm are dug in a cultivation land, the distance between the ditches is 90cm on a sloping field and 110cm on a paddy field, and the planting ditches are covered by a film.
The particle size of the plant straw powder is 4mm, and the plant straw powder is soft after being soaked.
Step two: when the sugarcane is planted, the manure of the livestock containing 8 percent of compound fertilizer is used for decomposing,
the thickness is 5cm, disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks are continuously put into sugarcane ditches, the density is 6-8/m, earthworms are inoculated, and the inoculation amount is 0.1kg/m2Returning soil, covering seeds, irrigating, and covering the mulching film again; the two sides of the mulching film are compacted, and a little soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the light is weak under the mulching film.
The livestock manure decomposed fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1.3:2.5, adding 8% of compound fertilizer and 2% of secondary element fertilizer, stirring uniformly and fermenting.
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, paving a mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two rows of the sugarcane, spraying 100kg of 3% straw zymocyte liquid to each mu after paving, covering a layer of 3cm straw substrate, and then inoculating wood rotting fungi with good growth, wherein the mass ratio of the white rotting fungi inoculum to the Pleurotus densitus inoculum is 1:3.2, and the inoculum size is 0.3kg/m2. The sugarcane leaves stripped in the middle of growth period and the weed removed are cut to be 20-30cm in length, laid between sugarcane rows, and sprayed with 5% straw degrading bacteria liquid. Adding culture materials, wood rot fungi and straw zymocyte liquid according to the change condition of the fermentation materials every week.
The preparation process of the mixture of the weeds and the cow dung is as follows: mixing fresh cow dung with weeds and leaves with the granularity of 5cm, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 23:1, adding calcium phosphate with the mass of 1.6% and calcium carbonate with the mass of 1%, and adjusting the water content to be 68% and the pH to be 7. The thickness of the mixture between the rows of sugar cane is 11 cm.
The straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the soybean straw to the pine wood dust is 8:3.5:1, the granularity of the pine wood dust is 3cm, the pine wood dust is soft after being soaked, and the water content of the pine wood dust is 70%.
The wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the inoculum of the phanerochaete chrysosporium and the inoculum of the pythium chrysosporium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.5:3.3, and the inoculum size is 0.3kg/m2。
Example 5
A planting method of sugarcane comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: 29 days before the sugarcane is planted, the farmlands are applied with decomposed animal manure and straw powder,
applying the decomposed manure at 1180 kg/mu, applying the straw powder at 780 kg/mu, spraying 70kg of straw zymophyte liquid with the concentration of 0.8 percent per mu after uniformly scattering the manure and the straw powder, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 50cm to uniformly mix the manure and soil. Planting ditches with soil depth of 25cm are dug in the cultivation land 5 days before the sugarcane is planted, the distance between the ditches is 90cm on a sloping field and 110cm on a paddy field, and the planting ditches are covered by a film.
The particle size of the plant straw powder is 6mm, and the plant straw powder is soft after being soaked.
Step two: when the sugarcane is planted, livestock manure containing 8% of compound fertilizer is used in the ditch, the thickness of the manure is 5cm, disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks are selected to be continuously put into the sugarcane ditch, the density is 7/m, earthworms are inoculated, the inoculation amount is 0.2kg/m2, the soil is returned for covering the seeds, and after the seeds are irrigated, the mulching film is covered again; the two sides of the mulching film are compacted, and a little soil is covered on the mulching film, so that the light is weak under the mulching film.
The livestock manure decomposed fertilizer is prepared by mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1:3, adding 11% of compound fertilizer and 2% of secondary element fertilizer, stirring uniformly and fermenting.
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, paving a mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two rows of the sugarcane, spraying 100kg of 5% straw zymocyte liquid to each mu after paving, covering a layer of straw substrate of 3cm, and then inoculating wood rotting fungi with good growth, wherein the mass ratio of the white rotting fungi inoculum to the Pleurotus densatus inoculum is 1.6:3.2, and the inoculation amount is 0.3kg/m2. The sugarcane leaves stripped off in the middle stage of growth and the weed removed are cut to be 20-30cm in length, laid among sugarcane rows, and sprayed with 5% of straw degrading bacteria liquid. Adding culture materials, wood rot fungi and straw fermentation bacteria liquid according to the change condition of the fermentation materials every week.
The preparation process of the mixture of the weeds and the cow dung is as follows: mixing fresh cow dung with weeds and leaves with the granularity of 5cm, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 24:1, adding calcium phosphate with the mass of 1.8% and calcium carbonate with the mass of 1%, and adjusting the water content to be 68% and the pH to be 7. The thickness of the mixture between the rows of sugar cane is 11 cm.
The straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the soybean straw to the pine wood dust is 6:2.1:1, the granularity of the pine wood dust is 3cm, the pine wood dust is soft after being soaked, and the water content of the pine wood dust is 70%.
The wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the inoculum of the phanerochaete chrysosporium and the inoculum of the pythium chrysosporium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1.5:3.4, and the inoculum size is 0.3kg/m2。
Test examples
In a sugarcane planting base in the general county, 10 mu of sugarcane fields with mild terrain and small difference of fertilizer effect ingredients are selected and divided into a test group and a control group, each group has 5 mu, two groups of sugarcane fields are in the same region but are not connected and are positioned on the lee side, two groups of sugarcane fields are cultivated in a unified mode, and the planted sugarcane variety is 'black sugarcane No. 2'. The test group is planted conventionally according to the planting method of the invention and the control group, and organic fertilizer is used according to the embodiment, but wood rot bacteria, straw zymophyte and earthworm are not inoculated. The two groups use the base fertilizer, the additional fertilizer and the pesticide in the same way. After two weeks of application of the inoculated wood rot fungi to the test groups, 10 random points were taken from the two treatment groups, and the soil microbial count and CO were observed and measured2Flux, air CO2The concentration, the photosynthetic rate and the measurement time are selected in the afternoon, the measurement is carried out once every week and continuously for 7 times, the average value is taken, and the yield and the sugar content of the sugarcane are recorded after the sugarcane is harvested.
Soil biomass measurement results:
as can be seen from the table, after the test group adopts the planting method of the invention, the number of bacteria in the soil is 3.3 times that of the control group, the number of actinomycetes is 3.1 times that of the control group, the number of fungi is 2.4 times that of the control group, and the number of soil organisms in the test group is obviously improved.
The results of the measurements of carbon dioxide flux, carbon dioxide concentration in the air, net photosynthetic rate of sugarcane are given in the following table:
| test group | Control group | |
| Flux of carbon dioxide | 813mg/m2h | 294mg/m2h |
| Concentration of carbon dioxide | 723μL/L | 279μL/L |
| Net photosynthetic rate | 37.45μmolCO2/m2s | 29.47umolCO2/m2s |
As can be seen from the table, after the product of the invention is used, the carbon dioxide flux of a test group is 2.8 times of that of a control group, the carbon dioxide concentration is 2.6 times of that of the control group, the carbon yield and the carbon dioxide concentration in soil with net photosynthetic rate are obviously improved, and the net photosynthetic rate of sugarcane is improved by 27%.
After harvesting, the acre yield and sugar content statistics are as follows:
| test group | Control group | |
| Mu yield (t) | 6.1 | 5.2 |
| Sugar content (%) | 21.67 | 19.3 |
As can be seen from the table, the yield of the test group is improved by 17 percent, and the sugar content is improved by 12.3 percent.
Tests show that the planting method increases the number and the activity of microorganisms in soil, provides sufficient carbon dioxide for sugarcane, improves the net photosynthetic rate of the sugarcane, and increases the yield and the sugar content of the sugarcane.
Claims (5)
1. A sugarcane planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: 20-30 days before sugarcane planting, applying rotten animal manure and straw powder to a farming land, applying the rotten animal manure at 900-1300 kg/mu, applying the straw powder at 500-800 kg/mu, spraying straw zymogen liquid after uniformly scattering the animal manure and the straw powder, carrying out rotary tillage for 50-60 cm, digging planting ditches with soil depth of 25-30 cm in the farming land 5-10 days before the sugarcane planting, wherein the intervals of the ditches are 90-100 cm on a sloping field and 110-120 cm on a paddy field, and covering the planting ditches with films;
step two: when the sugarcane is planted, livestock manure decomposed organic fertilizer is used in the ditch, the thickness of the organic fertilizer is 5-8cm, disease-resistant sugarcane seed stalks are selected to be continuously placed in the sugarcane ditch, and the density is 6-8/m; returning soil and covering seeds, and after pouring, covering the mulching film again; compacting two sides of the mulching film, and covering a small amount of broken soil on the mulching film; the preparation process of the livestock manure decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing livestock manure and plant straws according to the mass ratio of 1-1.5:2-3, adding 8-12% of compound fertilizer and 2-4% of secondary element fertilizer, stirring uniformly and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer; when the seed stems of the sugarcane are placed in the planting furrows, earthworms are inoculated, and the inoculation amount is 0.1-0.3kg/m2；
Step three: when the sugarcane grows to 100cm, laying a mixture of chopped weeds and cow dung between every two sugarcane rows, spraying straw zymocyte liquid, adding a layer of straw substrate on the surface of the straw zymocyte liquid, inoculating wood rot fungus strains on the substrate, cutting the sugarcane leaves stripped in the middle growth stage and the removed weeds into lengths of 20-30cm, laying the sugarcane leaves and the removed weeds between the sugarcane rows, and inoculating wood rot fungi again according to the growth condition of the wood rot fungi; the straw substrate contains corn straw, soybean straw and pine wood dust in a mass ratio of 6-8:2-3.5: 1; the wood rot fungus comprises pythium japonicum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the inoculum of the phanerochaete chrysosporium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1-1.6:3-3.5, and the inoculum size is 0.3-0.5kg/m 2.
2. The sugarcane planting method according to claim 1, wherein the straw powder has a particle size of 8mm or less and is soft when soaked.
3. The sugarcane planting method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the straw zymophyte liquid sprayed when the stable manure and the straw powder are applied before the sugarcane is planted is 0.5-0.8%, and 50-100kg per mu.
4. The sugarcane planting method according to claim 1, wherein the cow dung and weed mixture in the third step is prepared by the following steps: mixing fresh cow dung with weeds and leaves, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 23-25:1, adding calcium phosphate with the mass of 1.5-2.3% and calcium carbonate with the mass of 1-1.5%, adjusting the water content to 68-75%, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and adjusting the thickness of the mixture between rows of sugarcane to 10-13 cm.
5. The sugarcane planting method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the straw zymocyte liquid sprayed in the third step is 3-5%, and 80-120kg per mu.
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