CN106717881B - Planting method of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 - Google Patents
Planting method of cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of a cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, ditching and draining; before sowing, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer; then sowing is carried out in a spring sowing mode or an autumn sowing mode, wherein the sowing is mainly direct sowing, and the sowing amount per mu is determined according to the sowing period; before budding of No. 1 oil fertilizer, leaf growth is taken as the main point, the bolting grows rapidly after budding, the first picking is carried out when the main bolting is 15cm higher, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied after picking to promote the growth and development of the bolting side; picking every several days until the bolting is finished in the full-bloom stage; finally, ploughing and green pressing are arranged according to the farming requirements of the succeeding crops, and planting can be completed through retting fertilizer after ploughing and pressing. The cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 obtained by the method has the advantages of early maturity, good flavor of the flowering Chinese cabbage, high yield of fresh grass in full-bloom stage, balanced content of green-pressing nutrient components, dual purposes of vegetable and fertilizer and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a rape planting method, and particularly relates to a planting method of a cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1.
Background
The green manure has important functions in improving soil, fertilizing soil fertility, protecting agricultural ecological environment and promoting agricultural sustainable development. However, direct economic benefits are not generated by planting the green manure, so that the planting enthusiasm of farmers is generally low, and the development of the green manure industry is restricted to a certain extent. How to furthest excavate the production potential of the existing green manure variety and exert the comprehensive economic efficiency of the green manure variety is an important subject for the development of the current green manure industry.
After the approval of the oil fertilizer No. 1, 1 ten thousand mu is demonstrated in 2015, and the oil fertilizer No. 1 is popular with agricultural popularization departments and farmers due to the advantages of low seed price, wide sowing period, large growth amount, good soil fertility increasing effect and the like, and is popularized for 60 to over ten thousand mu in 2016. The traditional green manure is difficult to generate direct economic benefit, and although the common high-quality rape varieties can eat the bolts, the growth period is long, and the regeneration is slow after one-time bolt picking. How to improve the economic benefit of rape by improving the existing rape field planting method becomes a technical problem directly faced by the people in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and defects in the background technology and providing the planting method of the cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1 which is early-maturing, has good flavor of the flowering Chinese cabbage, has high fresh grass yield in full-bloom stage and balanced green pressing nutrient component content and can be used as a vegetable fertilizer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a planting method of a cabbage type rape oil fertilizer No. 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) ditching and draining;
(2) fertilizing: before sowing, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
(3) sowing: sowing is carried out in a spring sowing mode or an autumn sowing mode, wherein the sowing is mainly direct sowing, and the sowing amount per mu is determined according to the sowing period;
(4) harvesting the flowering Chinese cabbage: before budding of No. 1 oil fertilizer, leaf growth is taken as the main point, the bolting grows rapidly after budding, the first picking is carried out when the main bolting is 15cm higher, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied after picking to promote the growth and development of the bolting side; picking every several days until the bolting is finished in the full-bloom stage;
(5) ploughing and pressing green: and (4) ploughing and pressing green according to the farming requirements of the succeeding crops, and performing composting after ploughing and pressing to complete planting.
The oil fertilizer No. 1 has the characteristics of excellent quality, fast growth process, strong regeneration capacity of stems and the like, and researches on key cultivation technologies explore a planting method capable of improving the soil fertility of the oil fertilizer No. 1 and increasing the economic income.
According to the planting method, the sowing time is determined according to the planned picking time of the flowering Chinese cabbage, and according to the characteristic that the flowering Chinese cabbage is sowed 35-45 days after the No. 1 oil fertilizer sowing, the local concentrated marketing period of the flowering Chinese cabbage and the flowering Chinese cabbage is staggered, so that higher economic benefit can be obtained. Preferably, the spring sowing time is specifically arranged from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months in the current year; the autumn sowing time is specifically arranged from the middle and last of 9 months to the last of 11 months of the year. The autumn sowing mode is particularly preferably adopted, and the research shows that the germination period and the seedling growth period are shortened in the autumn sowing mode, the harvesting time of the flowering Chinese cabbage can be regulated and controlled by regulating the sowing period, and the growth vigor of plants is stronger.
Preferably, the planting method adopts spring sowing, and the sowing quantity per mu is 0.6-1.0 kg; when autumn sowing is adopted, if the time of the autumn sowing is in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, the sowing quantity per mu is controlled to be 0.3-0.5kg, and the sowing quantity is gradually increased along with the delay of the sowing period; if the time of autumn sowing is from the bottom of 10 months to the last ten days of 11 months, the sowing quantity per mu is increased to 0.6-0.7kg (lower than the planting density of the simple green manure).
In the planting method, preferably, in the sowing process, the seeds and the urea are uniformly mixed and broadcast, the mixing mass ratio of the seeds and the urea is 15-20:1, and the operation mode of mixing immediately and sowing quantitatively in compartments is adopted. The preferable playing is favorable for uniform broadcasting and promotes robust growth of seedlings, and the operation mode of stirring immediately after use and quantitative sowing in compartments is adopted, so that the seeds can be prevented from being burnt, and the seedlings are uniform and uniform.
In the planting method, preferably, 250mL of 20% grazing herbicide (also called paraquat) solution is mixed with 15-20kg of water for spraying to kill old grass 1-2 days before sowing; and spraying the oryzanol herbicide on the day after sowing or the next day for closed weeding (also named as Jindu).
In the planting method, preferably, the first picking is carried out when the height of the main bolt is 20cm-25 cm; when the bolting is carried out, the incision of the bolting needs to be slightly inclined and the section is smooth, so that the pile cannot be left, otherwise, the growth of the side bolting is influenced. More preferably, the interval time between two adjacent bolting is 5-7 days, and the bolting is carried out for 1-3 times in one season. Harvesting 3 times when the seedlings grow vigorously early in the sowing period and 1 time when the seedlings grow weakly and are nourished late in the sowing period so as to ensure enough biological yield and fertility.
In the planting method, preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer applied after picking is decomposed thin human excrement or is applied by adding 5-10 kg/mu of urea into water. After each picking of the flowering Chinese cabbage, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to the optimal mode, so that the growth recovery of the flowering Chinese cabbage (particularly the side flowering Chinese cabbage) can be effectively promoted.
In the planting method, preferably, the ditching and draining are realized by digging a circumferential ditch, a waist ditch and a compartment ditch, wherein the depth and the width of the waist ditch are both more than 30cm, and the depth and the width of the compartment ditch are both 20-25 cm. As the rape varieties selected by the invention are sensitive to water, the ditching mode is preferably adopted to ensure that the bottom of the ditch is flat and the ditch is communicated, so that the rain can be stopped in the field and the field can not accumulate water.
According to the planting method, preferably, the turning and green pressing selection is carried out at the full-bloom stage to the final-bloom stage of the rape, so that the biological yield is high and the decomposition is easy; the fertilizer retting time after the turning and pressing is 10-15 days, so that the rape can be better guaranteed to be fully decomposed when the rice is transplanted; the turning depth is 15-20cm, the fermentation is not facilitated due to oxygen deficiency when the turning depth is too deep, and the fertilizer efficiency is affected because the fermentation cannot be fully decomposed when the turning depth is too shallow; and applying 20-30kg of quicklime per mu during green pressing so as to promote the decomposition of rape and neutralize the acidity of soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
aiming at the characteristics of wide sowing period, high development speed and the like of the oil fertilizer No. 1 of the new variety of the rape for fertilizer, the invention develops research on indexes such as yield, green pressing yield and the like of the rape under the conditions of autumn sowing and spring sowing and cooperates with research and application of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technical measures to find out a dual-purpose yield and efficiency increasing utilization way of the vegetable fertilizer for the variety of the oil fertilizer No. 1 so as to fully play the production potential and lay a foundation for large-area popularization and application in the production of the rape. The invention has improvements in aspects of bolting time, height, and cultivation tube after bolting, and overcomes the technical problems that the bolting period is not easy to control due to long growth period of common rape, regeneration is slow after bolting, green manure production has no direct economic benefit, and the like.
In conclusion, the oil fertilizer No. 1 planted and cultivated by the method is early-maturing, the flavor of the flowering Chinese cabbage is good, the yield of the fresh grass in the full-bloom stage is high, the content of the green-pressing nutrient components is balanced, the method is an excellent dual-purpose cultivation method of the organic green fertilizer and the vegetable fertilizer, and the yield increase and the efficiency increase effects are obvious.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example (b):
a planting method of vegetable and fertilizer dual-purpose cabbage type rape variety oil fertilizer No. 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) ditching and draining:
preparing soil, and opening 'three furrows' (an enclosed furrow, a waist furrow and a compartment furrow). Wherein the depth of the circumferential ditch and the waist ditch is 30cm, and the width is 30 cm; the depth of the compartment groove is 25cm, and the width is 20 cm.
(2) And (3) reasonable fertilization:
20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) is broadcast to each mu before sowing2O5:K2O15: 15:15) is used as a base fertilizer to ensure the nutrient requirement of the oil fertilizer No. 1.
(3) Sowing in proper time:
in order to construct a reasonable group structure, promote the robust development of individuals and groups and improve the biological yield, the seedlings should be sowed early and properly as far as possible during sowing.
Chemical weeding: 250mL of 20 percent gramoxone herbicide solution is mixed with 15 to 20kg of water for spraying and killing old grass in each mu of field; spraying a Dietyol herbicide and the like on the day after sowing or the next day for closed weeding.
And (3) sowing time: as the sowing period of the No. 1 oil fertilizer is wider, the rice can be sown as early as possible in a first-season rice planting area and a double-season rice planting area in Hunan, and the sowing period in autumn can be from the middle and last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 11 months. The sowing time in spring can be selected from 1 month bottom to 2 months.
Seeding rate: the sowing is mainly direct sowing, the seed quantity used per mu is determined according to the sowing period, when the sowing is carried out in the last 9 months, the sowing quantity per mu is 0.3-0.5kg, the sowing quantity is gradually increased along with the delay of the sowing period, and the sowing quantity per mu is increased to 0.6-0.7kg from the bottom of 10 months to the last 11 months. The sowing amount in spring sowing is preferably 0.6-1.0 kg. When sowing, 1.5kg of seeds are mixed with 100g of urea, namely, the mixture is mixed immediately, and the seeds are sowed quantitatively in separate compartments.
The green manure rape is planted to obtain high biological yield, and the seedlings are not thinned and adventitious. And (4) additionally applying urea in a proper amount as a seedling fertilizer according to the growth vigor in the seedling stage.
(4) Harvesting of the flowering Chinese cabbage:
leaf growth is taken as the main point before budding of No. 1 oil fertilizer, the flower shoots grow rapidly after budding, when the main flower shoots are 20-25cm high, the first picking is carried out until the flower picking is finished in the full-bloom period, the interval between every two adjacent flower picks is 5-7 days, the flower shoots are picked for 1-3 times in one season, the height of the flower shoots is generally controlled to be about 15cm according to the weather temperature, the flower shoots cuts are slightly inclined and the sections are flat during flower picking, piles cannot be left, or the growth of side flower shoots is influenced. And after each picking, applying thoroughly decomposed thin human excrement or applying urea 5 kg/mu with water for watering to promote the growth and development of the side bolts, and simultaneously paying attention to the field moisture management work in the whole picking period of the flowering Chinese cabbage, so that the yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage is influenced and diseases are caused because the flowering Chinese cabbage cannot be too dry or too wet.
(5) And (3) disease and pest control:
the oil fertilizer No. 1 planting has the dual purposes of vegetable and fertilizer, and the main purpose is to obtain biological yield, so the prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests are particularly important. In the process of preventing and controlling insect pests, pyrethroid pesticides with low toxicity and low residue on human and livestock, biological agents and the like are selected as much as possible for prevention and control.
(6) Ploughing and pressing green in due time:
on the premise of not delaying the farming season, the green pressing is selected in the full-bloom period of the rape. Under the condition of season tension, the turning-over and pressing time is required to be arranged according to the farming season requirements of the succeeding crops. And composting for 10-15 days after turning and pressing, so that the rape can be fully decomposed when the rice is transplanted. And applying 20-30kg of quicklime per mu during green pressing so as to promote the decomposition of rape and neutralize the acidity of soil. The depth of the turning and pressing is generally 15-20cm, the fermentation is not facilitated due to oxygen deficiency when the turning and pressing depth is too deep, and the fertilizer efficiency is affected because the fertilizer cannot be sufficiently decomposed when the turning and pressing depth is too shallow.
Based on the process of the planting method, test parameters and conditions are specifically designed according to the following modes:
1.1 test materials
The vegetable and fertilizer dual-purpose cabbage type rape variety oil fertilizer No. 1 is bred by the research institute of crops in Hunan province.
1.2 design of the experiment
Aiming at the characteristic of wide sowing period of No. 1 oil fertilizer, is provided withSowing in autumn and spring. Sowing in autumn in 23 days of 9 months, wherein the sowing quantity is 0.5 kg/mu. Sowing in spring at 27 days 1 month in the next year, wherein the sowing quantity is 1.0 kg/mu. All adopt direct seeding cultivation. Each seeding time is 3 times of repetition, and the area of a cell is 40m2。
When the main bolt is 20-25cm high, the first bolt picking is carried out until the bolt picking is finished in the full flowering period, the bolt picking interval is 5-7 days, and the bolt picking height is controlled to be about 15cm according to the weather temperature. And (4) weighing the fresh bolting yield in time after picking, and detecting the nutritional structure of the bolting. And after harvesting the flowering Chinese cabbage each time, applying 5 kg/mu of decomposed thin human excrement or urea in time to facilitate development of the flowering Chinese cabbage.
And (4) during full-bloom stage-final-bloom stage, and sampling before pressure reversal to determine the weight and dry matter content of the fresh grass.
The rest of the operation processes, the test conditions and the parameter design are carried out according to the requirements of the planting method.
2. Analysis of results
2.1 analysis of growth stage
Under the autumn sowing mode, the speed of emergence and development process of No. 1 oil fertilizer is high, sowing is carried out on 23 days in 9 months, emergence is carried out on 27 days in 9 months, bolting period is carried out on 16 days in 10 months, blooming period is carried out on about 50 days (19 days in 11 months) after emergence, green manure turning-over can be carried out in middle ten days in 12 months, and the full growth period is 81 days (detailed in the following table 1).
In the spring sowing mode, because the air temperature is low, the seedling emergence speed is slow, the seedlings are sown at 27 days 1 month, and the seedlings emerge after 14 days (10 days 2 months), but the development process is fast after the seedlings emerge, the seedlings enter the bolting stage in the middle-upper ten days 3 months, the seedlings enter full flowers about 52 days, the seedlings are turned over and pressed in the middle-upper ten days 4 months, and the full growth period is 65 days (detailed in the following table 1).
Table 1: the oil fertilizer No. 1 growth period questionnaire under the conditions of autumn sowing and spring sowing in the embodiment
As can be seen from table 1 above, when the external environment temperature is low, the germination of the seeds and the growth of the seedlings become slow, and when the oil fertilizer No. 1 is applied to spring sowing, the germination period and the growth period of the seedlings are both prolonged compared with autumn sowing, and the autumn sowing is about 8 days earlier than the spring sowing bolting period; however, in terms of the time from bolting to flowering, in the autumn sowing mode, the bolting to flowering is 34 days, and the spring sowing is only 25 days, so that the autumn sowing of the oil fertilizer No. 1 has a longer commodity bolting picking period than the spring sowing.
2.2 economic traits analysis
According to the seed test result of economic characters, compared with spring sowing, the oil fertilizer No. 1 has the advantages that the growth vigor of the plant is more vigorous in the autumn sowing mode, the individual is larger, the average plant height is 23cm, and the biological yield is 835.2g/m2The economic yield is relatively high whether for vegetables or for fertilizers (see table 2 below).
Table 2: in this example, the economic character questionnaire of No. 1 oil fertilizer under the conditions of autumn sowing and spring sowing
From the point of the bolting quantity, in the spring sowing mode, the bolting period picks the bolting for 4 times totally, and the bolting quantity is 417.26 kg/mu in total, while in the autumn sowing mode, the bolting period can pick the bolting for 6 times, and the bolting quantity is 520.73 kg/mu in total, which is increased by 24.80 percent compared with the spring sowing. Through analysis of nutritional ingredients of the flowering Chinese cabbage, the quality of the oil fertilizer No. 1 is almost the same in the autumn sowing mode and the spring sowing mode, and the flavor and the taste of the flowering Chinese cabbage are not influenced in the sowing period (see table 3 below).
Table 3: the table for analyzing quality of No. 1 rape bolts with oil fertilizer under the conditions of autumn sowing and spring sowing in this example
From the perspective of green pressing amount as green manure, the yield of fresh grass at full-bloom stage is 2450.3g/m in the spring sowing mode2Dry weight 502.51g/m2And the water content was 79.49%. Under the autumn sowing mode, the fresh grass yield in the full-bloom stage is 3285.8g/m2The yield is increased by 34.10 percent compared with the spring sowing mode, and the moisture content is 78.67 percent, which is slightly lower than the spring sowing mode. According to the analysis result of the nutrient components of the dry matters of the two plants, the plants are planted in a autumn sowing modeThe nutrient content of the plants is slightly higher than that of spring sowing (see table 2 above for details).
4. Small knot
The oil fertilizer No. 1 is used as a strong-springiness cabbage type rape variety, has no strict requirement on the vernalization temperature, has a rapid growth and development process in the early stage, and can quickly enter the growth period of the flowering buds no matter sowing in autumn or spring. In the autumn sowing mode, the market can be supplied with high-quality bolting vegetables in the middle 10 months, which is about 2 months earlier than the local bolting vegetables. In the spring sowing mode, the method can pick the flowering Chinese cabbage to be supplied to the market in the local shortage period of other vegetables within 3 months, so that the flowering Chinese cabbage supply period in the market is prolonged, the economic benefit of rape planting is increased, and the harvested flowering Chinese cabbage can be used as green manure to be greened, thereby achieving multiple purposes.
In conclusion, the oil fertilizer No. 1 is early-maturing, the flavor of the flowering Chinese cabbage is good, the yield of the fresh grass in the full-bloom stage is high, the content of the green-pressing nutrient components is balanced, the organic green fertilizer and vegetable fertilizer dual-purpose cultivation is excellent, and the yield and efficiency increasing effects are remarkable.
Claims (3)
1. A cabbage type rape oil fertilizer and No. 1 vegetable fertilizer dual-purpose planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ditching and draining; the ditching and draining are realized by digging a circumferential ditch, a waist ditch and a compartment ditch, wherein the depth and the width of the waist ditch are both more than 30cm, and the depth and the width of the compartment ditch are both 20-25 cm;
(2) fertilizing: before sowing, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
(3) sowing: sowing is carried out in a spring sowing mode or an autumn sowing mode, wherein the sowing is mainly direct sowing, and the sowing amount per mu is determined according to the sowing period; the spring sowing time is specifically arranged from the bottom of 1 month to the beginning of 2 months in the current year, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.6-1.0 kg; the time of the autumn sowing is specifically arranged from middle and last ten days of 9 months to last ten days of 11 months in the current year, if the time of the autumn sowing is in middle and last ten days of 9 months, the sowing amount per mu is controlled to be 0.3-0.5kg, and the sowing amount is gradually increased along with the delay of the sowing period; if the autumn sowing time is from the bottom of 10 months to the last ten days of 11 months, the sowing amount per mu is increased to 0.6-0.7 kg; in the sowing process, the seeds and the urea are uniformly stirred and spread, the mixing mass ratio of the seeds and the urea is 15-20:1, and an operation mode of stirring immediately after use and quantitative sowing in compartments is adopted;
(4) harvesting the flowering Chinese cabbage: before budding of No. 1 oil fertilizer, leaf growth is taken as the main part, the bolting flower shoots grow rapidly after budding, and the first picking is carried out when the height of the main bolting flower shoots is 20cm-25 cm; when picking the young Chinese cabbage, the cut of the young Chinese cabbage is slightly oblique, the cut surface is smooth, and the pile cannot be left; the interval time between two adjacent bolting is 5-7 days, and bolting is carried out for 1-3 times in one season until bolting is finished in the full-bloom stage; after each picking, applying thoroughly decomposed thin human excrement or urea 5-10 kg/mu with water to promote the growth and development of the bolting;
(5) ploughing and pressing green: ploughing and pressing green in the full-bloom period of the rape, wherein the ploughing and pressing depth is 15-20cm, applying 20-30kg of quicklime per mu during green pressing, and composting for 10-15 days after ploughing and pressing to complete planting.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the sowing is performed in a fall sowing manner.
3. The planting method of claim 1 or 2, wherein 250mL of 20% gramoxone herbicide solution is mixed with 15-20kg of water for spraying to kill old grass 1-2 days before sowing; spraying the oryzanol herbicide on the day after sowing or the next day for closed weeding.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2815231C1 (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2024-03-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П.А. Костычева" (ФГБОУ ВО РГАТУ) | Method for increasing spring rapeseed yield |
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| CN107593301A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 刘万顺 | A kind of peanut crop rotation continuous implantation methods of high yield |
| CN108834783A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-11-20 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of forage rape circulation harvest |
| CN116076314A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-05-09 | 吉林农业科技学院 | Planting method of green manure rape in northeast area |
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| CN104541822A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-29 | 吴照亭 | High-yield oilseed rape planting method |
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| RU2815231C1 (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2024-03-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П.А. Костычева" (ФГБОУ ВО РГАТУ) | Method for increasing spring rapeseed yield |
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