CN116076314A - Planting method of green manure rape in northeast area - Google Patents
Planting method of green manure rape in northeast area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 78
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of green manure rape in northeast, belonging to the field of rape planting methods. The planting method is suitable for the light and simplified precision seeding technology of most agricultural machinery, and according to different requirements, the production technology of 1 season or 2 seasons in one year is adopted, and meanwhile, the high-efficiency turning-pressing returning and quick decomposition technology is adopted, so that the green manure rape planting links in northeast areas are thinned and standardized, and the purposes of high yield and high quality are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rape planting methods, and particularly relates to a planting method of green manure rape in northeast China.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual atrophy of the traditional dispersed household breeding industry, the high-quality organic fertilizer source becomes deficient, and the fertilizer directly influences the yield of crops and the income of farmers. Rape is a technical measure for improving the cultivated land quality, which is rapidly raised in recent years as green manure planting, combines land utilization and land cultivation, improves the land utilization rate and the organic matter content of soil, and improves the soil nutrition condition and the characters. The rape green manure has the advantages of low cost, high yield, good fertilizer efficiency, large fertilizer quantity, great income, multiple purposes and the like. The fresh weight of the rape per mu of green manure can reach 3-5 tons, and if the rape per mu of green manure is calculated according to 3 tons of conservative yield, 9.8kg of nitrogen, 7.8kg of phosphorus and 13.5kg of potassium can be provided, which is equivalent to providing approximately 22.5kg of urea, approximately 13.kg of calcium superphosphate and approximately 22.5kg of potassium chloride.
At present, the area for planting the green manure rape in the winter leisure field in the south is large, the planting method and the planting mode are mature, but the planting area of the green manure rape in the northeast is very small, and in recent years, the fallow and black soil protection policies are put forward, so that the green manure rape has important effects on improving the soil fertility and fallow crop rotation.
The green manure in northeast areas has smaller planting area and no standard planting production technology, the existing research and methods in south are mature in technologies such as a soil preparation mode, a sowing period, a planting density turning and returning period, a turning and returning mode and the like of the green manure rape production, but the green manure rape production technology in south is not suitable for north due to different climates and planting systems, and the decomposition speed and the south after turning and returning are different in northeast areas due to the ecological characteristics of alpine areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of small rape seeds, difficult sowing and low rape straw decomposition speed of the existing planting method of the green manure rape in northeast China, and provides a planting method of the green manure rape in northeast China.
The invention provides a planting method of green manure rape in northeast, comprising the following steps:
1. variety selection
Selecting green manure varieties with the growth period of 105-120 days, the plant height of 80-100cm, 5-6 branches and the number of single plant horns of 100-120;
2. period and amount of sowing
The planting method is divided into planting one season in one year and planting two seasons in one year;
the sowing time of one year is between 5 months and 20 days and 5 months and 30 days, the sowing is carried out before rain, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.75-1kg; during sowing in two seasons of one year, sowing in the first season between 25 days and 5 months and 5 days, sowing amount per hectare being 15-22.5kg, sowing in the second season between 15 days and 7 months and 25 days after the first season is turned over and returned to the field, sowing amount per mu being 0.75-1kg;
3. sowing mode
Ridge or flat sowing
(1) And (5) ridge sowing: planting in uniform ridges with the row spacing of 60-65 cm; or large-ridge double-row planting, wherein the ridge width is 80-90cm, the ridge spacing is 40-50cm, 2 rows of planting are carried out on the ridge, seed and fertilizer mixing is carried out by adopting a corn planter, seed and fertilizer boxes are used for planting, the spacing between the seed and fertilizer openings is adjusted according to the ridge spacing, diamine phosphate is 120-150kg per hectare, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the soil is pressed after sowing;
(2) And (5) flat sowing: mechanical drill or broadcast
4. Prevention and control of diseases, weeds and pests
The 500 times liquid of bacillus thuringiensis or the 1500 times liquid of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillar and plutella xylostella in 18 to 25 days after emergence, and the 800 times liquid of 48 percent chlorpyrifos or the 1000 times liquid of 25 percent Xin Liugao chlorofluoro is used for preventing and controlling striped flea beetles;
5. turning over and returning to field
Planting in one year and one season, wherein the period of turning over and returning to the field is 7 months 25 days-8 months 5 days;
planting in two seasons of one year, wherein the time for turning over and returning to the field in the first season is 7 months 5 days to 7 months 10 days, and the time for turning over and returning to the field in the second season is 9 months 20 days to 9 months 25 days;
6. method for returning to field by turning over and pressing
The ground surface is covered after the straw returning machine is adopted for crushing, and after the moisture of the straw is reduced in 1-2 days, the straw is returned to the field after being deeply turned in rainless days.
Preferably, in the step 3, the mechanical drill is specifically: selecting a wheat seeder for seeding, mixing seed manure, seeding in a manure box, applying 120-150kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu at a row spacing of 25-30cm, and compacting after seeding at a depth of 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the broadcasting in the step 3 is specifically: sowing with a sowing machine, covering soil with a rake after sowing seeds on the ground, or shallow rotation with a rotary cultivator, and compacting finally.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
The invention provides a planting method of green manure rape in northeast, which mainly overcomes the following defects: first, the rape seed grain is less, if there is not special seeder in northeast large tracts of land planting, through this technique, solves the seeding problem. Secondly, a certain amount of chemical fertilizers are needed to be supplemented in the critical period of rape nutrients, so that the fertilizer is promoted to be large by small fertilizers, and the problem of nutrient supply of the green manure rape is solved by mixing seed fertilizers. Thirdly, the problem of low decomposition speed of rape straw in alpine regions is solved by the efficient smashing and returning technology. The planting method is suitable for the light and simplified precision seeding technology of most agricultural machinery, and according to different requirements, the production technology of 1 season or 2 seasons in one year is adopted, and meanwhile, the high-efficiency turning-pressing returning and quick decomposition technology is adopted, so that the green manure rape planting links in northeast areas are thinned and standardized, and the purposes of high yield and high quality are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of returning to the field by turning over in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of returning to the field by turning over the press in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting method of green manure rape in northeast, comprising the following steps:
1. variety selection
Selecting green manure varieties with the growth period of 105-120 days, the plant height of 80-100cm, 5-6 branches and the number of single plant horns of 100-120;
2. period and amount of sowing
According to actual conditions and purposes, the planting method is divided into planting one season a year and planting two seasons a year; planting one season in one year in cold areas and arid areas of hills and semi-mountains, and planting two seasons in one year in areas with abundant rainfall and high accumulated temperature;
the sowing time of one year is between 5 months and 20 days and 5 months and 30 days, the sowing is carried out before rain according to weather conditions, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.75-1kg; in the sowing process of two seasons in one year, the sowing is carried out between 25 days and 5 months and 5 days in the first season, the sowing amount per hectare is 15-22.5kg because the drought in spring is used for ensuring the emergence of seedlings, the sowing amount per mu is 0.75-1kg after the sowing is carried out in the first season and the field is turned over and returned to the field, and the sowing is carried out between 15 days and 7 months and 25 days in the second season.
3. Sowing mode
(1) And (5) ridge sowing: planting in uniform ridges with the row spacing of 60-65 cm; or large-ridge double-row planting, wherein the width of the large ridge is 80-90cm, the spacing between ridges is 40-50cm, and 2 rows are planted on the ridge. The corn planter is used for mixing seed and fertilizer, the seed is planted in a fertilizer box, the spacing between the seed and fertilizer openings is adjusted according to the ridge distance, and 120-150kg of diamine phosphate is applied per hectare, so that the fertilizer is not easy to excessively burn seeds. The sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the sowing is followed by compacting.
(2) And (5) flat sowing: the mechanical drill sowing or broadcasting sowing can be selected from wheat sowing machine sowing, seed and fertilizer mixing, fertilizer box sowing, line spacing 25-30cm, high nitrogen compound fertilizer application 120-150kg per mu, sowing depth 2-3cm and compacting after sowing. The sowing can be performed by a sowing machine, the seeds are covered with soil by a rake after sowing on the ground or are covered with soil by shallow rotation by a rotary cultivator, and finally the seeds are compacted;
4. prevention and control of diseases, weeds and pests
The rape with the green manure is less in diseases in northeast China, mainly is pre-controlled, the insect pests are controlled by using 500 times liquid of bacillus thuringiensis or 1500 times liquid of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate after emergence of seedlings, yellow stripe jumping beetles are controlled by using 800 times liquid of 48% chlorpyrifos or 1000 times liquid of 25% Xin Liugao chlorine fluorine, and the rape green manure is planted for the purpose of producing grass, and weeds are not controlled generally;
5. turning over and returning to field
One-year one-season planting, wherein the period of turning and returning to the field is 7 months 25 days to 8 months 5 days, two-year planting is performed, the time of turning and returning to the field in the first season is 7 months 5 days to 7 months 10 days, and the time of turning and returning to the field in the second season is 9 months 20 days to 9 months 25 days;
6. method for returning to field by turning over and pressing
The ground surface is covered after the straw returning machine is adopted for crushing, and after the moisture of the straw is reduced in 1-2 days, the straw is returned to the field after being deeply turned in rainless days;
for green manure rape planted in one season of the year, turning and pressing are carried out in the early stage of pod bearing, and as the lignification degree is higher, a straw returning machine is adopted to smash the rape and then a light rake is adopted to return to the field for two times; the green manure rape of two seasons of a year is turned over and pressed in the early stage of flowering, and the stubble raking machine is adopted for re-raking once and the rape is slightly raked and returned to the field once because the lignification degree is not high.
Because the seeds of the rape are smaller, no special seeder is arranged in northeast China, the seeder is simply modified according to main seeder types in different regions, and seeds and a proper amount of chemical fertilizer are mixed together for seeding, on one hand, the seeding amount can be adjusted, on the other hand, a proper amount of chemical fertilizer plays a role in providing fertilizer for the critical period of the rape in need of fertilizer, and the seeds cannot be burned.
The fertilizer used for the green manure rape is mainly diammonium phosphate, and the biomass and the protein content of the rape show an increasing trend along with the increase of the application amount, and the application amount is 150-170kg/hm 2 When the plant grows excessively, the stem is slender, the biomass is not increased any more, and the application amount is 110-140kg/hm 2 At the same time, the protein content of the plant begins to decrease, and when the application amount exceeds 180kg/hm 2 At the same time, the emergence rate starts to decrease, and the phenomenon of fertilizer seed burning occurs. Thus, it was determined that between 120 and 150kg of diamine phosphate was applied per hectare.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples
Example 1
A method for planting green manure rape in northeast areas, comprising:
1. variety selection
Selecting green manure varieties with the growth period of 105-120 days, the plant height of 80-100cm, 5-6 branches and the number of single plant horns of 100-120;
2. period and amount of sowing
Planting for one season in one year: sowing the seeds before rain according to weather conditions within the range of 5 months and 20 days to 5 months and 30 days, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 0.75-1kg;
3. sowing mode
Adopts ridge sowing: planting in uniform ridges with the row spacing of 60-65 cm; or large and small ridges are planted, the width of the large ridges is 80-90cm, the spacing between the ridges is 40-50cm, and 2 rows are planted on the ridges. The corn planter is used for mixing seed and fertilizer, the seed is planted in a fertilizer box, the spacing between the seed and fertilizer openings is adjusted according to the ridge distance, and 120-150kg of diamine phosphate is applied per hectare, so that the fertilizer is not easy to excessively burn seeds. The sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the sowing is followed by compacting.
4. Prevention and control of diseases, weeds and pests
The insect pest is that 500 times liquid of Bacillus thuringiensis or 1500 times liquid of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillar and plutella xylostella in 18-25 days after emergence, 800 times liquid of 48% chlorpyrifos or 25% Xin Liugao chlorofluoro 1000 times liquid is used for preventing and controlling striped flea beetles, and the purpose of producing grass is to seed rape green manure, and weeds are not usually prevented and controlled;
5. turning over and returning to field
The period of turning over and returning to the field is 7 months 25 days-8 months 5 days;
6. method for returning to field by turning over and pressing
The ground surface is covered after the straw returning machine is adopted for crushing, and after the moisture of the straw is reduced in 1-2 days, the straw is returned to the field after being deeply turned in rainless days;
for green manure rape planted in one season of the year, the press is turned over in the early stage of pod bearing, and the straw returning machine is adopted to crush the rape and then return the rape to the field twice by adopting a light harrow. The working effect diagram of the specific turning process is shown in fig. 1a, and fig. 1b is the effect diagram after turning.
Example 2
A method for planting green manure rape in northeast areas, comprising:
1. variety selection
Selecting green manure varieties with the growth period of 105-120 days, the plant height of 80-100cm, 5-6 branches and the number of single plant horns of 100-120;
2. period and amount of sowing
Planting for two seasons in one year; the first season is to sow for between 25 days and 5 months and 5 days, the sowing amount per hectare is 15-22.5kg, the second season is to sow for between 15 days and 7 months and 25 days after the first season is turned over and returned to the field, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.75-1kg.
3. Sowing mode
And (5) ridge sowing: planting in uniform ridges with the row spacing of 60-65 cm; or large and small ridges are planted, the width of the large ridges is 80-90cm, the spacing between the ridges is 40-50cm, and 2 rows are planted on the ridges. The corn planter is used for mixing seed and fertilizer, the seed is planted in a fertilizer box, the spacing between the seed and fertilizer openings is adjusted according to the ridge distance, and 120-150kg of diamine phosphate is applied per hectare, so that the fertilizer is not easy to excessively burn seeds. The sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the sowing is followed by compacting.
4. Prevention and control of diseases, weeds and pests
The insect pest is that 500 times liquid of Bacillus thuringiensis or 1500 times liquid of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillar and plutella xylostella in 18-25 days after emergence, 800 times liquid of 48% chlorpyrifos or 25% Xin Liugao chlorofluoro 1000 times liquid is used for preventing and controlling striped flea beetles, and the purpose of producing grass is to seed rape green manure, and weeds are not usually prevented and controlled;
5. turning over and returning to field
Planting in two seasons of one year, wherein the time for turning over and returning to the field in the first season is 7 months 5 days to 7 months 10 days, and the time for turning over and returning to the field in the second season is 9 months 20 days to 9 months 25 days;
6. method for returning to field by turning over and pressing
The ground surface is covered after the straw returning machine is adopted for crushing, and after the moisture of the straw is reduced in 1-2 days, the straw is returned to the field after being deeply turned in rainless days;
the green manure rape of two seasons of a year is turned over and pressed in the early stage of flowering, and the stubble raking machine is adopted for re-raking once and the rape is slightly raked and returned to the field once because the lignification degree is not high. The working effect diagram of the specific turning process is shown in fig. 2a, and fig. 2b is the effect diagram after turning.
Claims (3)
1. A method for planting green manure rape in northeast China, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. variety selection
Selecting green manure varieties with the growth period of 105-120 days, the plant height of 80-100cm, 5-6 branches and the number of single plant horns of 100-120;
2. period and amount of sowing
The planting method is divided into planting one season in one year and planting two seasons in one year;
the sowing time of one year is between 5 months and 20 days and 5 months and 30 days, the sowing is carried out before rain, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.75-1kg; during sowing in two seasons of one year, sowing in the first season between 25 days and 5 months and 5 days, sowing amount per hectare being 15-22.5kg, sowing in the second season between 15 days and 7 months and 25 days after the first season is turned over and returned to the field, sowing amount per mu being 0.75-1kg;
3. sowing mode
Ridge or flat sowing
(1) And (5) ridge sowing: planting in uniform ridges with the row spacing of 60-65 cm; or large-ridge double-row planting, wherein the ridge width is 80-90cm, the ridge spacing is 40-50cm, 2 rows of planting are carried out on the ridge, seed and fertilizer mixing is carried out by adopting a corn planter, seed and fertilizer boxes are used for planting, the spacing between the seed and fertilizer openings is adjusted according to the ridge spacing, diamine phosphate is 120-150kg per hectare, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the soil is pressed after sowing;
(2) And (5) flat sowing: mechanical drill or broadcast
4. Prevention and control of diseases, weeds and pests
The 500 times liquid of bacillus thuringiensis or the 1500 times liquid of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate is used for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillar and plutella xylostella in 18 to 25 days after emergence, and the 800 times liquid of 48 percent chlorpyrifos or the 1000 times liquid of 25 percent Xin Liugao chlorofluoro is used for preventing and controlling striped flea beetles;
5. turning over and returning to field
Planting in one year and one season, wherein the period of turning over and returning to the field is 7 months 25 days-8 months 5 days;
planting in two seasons of one year, wherein the time for turning over and returning to the field in the first season is 7 months 5 days to 7 months 10 days, and the time for turning over and returning to the field in the second season is 9 months 20 days to 9 months 25 days;
6. method for returning to field by turning over and pressing
The ground surface is covered after the straw returning machine is adopted for crushing, and after the moisture of the straw is reduced in 1-2 days, the straw is returned to the field after being deeply turned in rainless days.
2. The method for planting green manure rape in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical drill sowing in the step 3 is specifically as follows: selecting a wheat seeder for seeding, mixing seed manure, seeding in a manure box, applying 120-150kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu at a row spacing of 25-30cm, and compacting after seeding at a depth of 2-3 cm.
3. The method for planting green manure rape in northeast China according to claim 1, wherein the broadcasting in the step 3 is specifically: sowing with a sowing machine, covering soil with a rake after sowing seeds on the ground, or shallow rotation with a rotary cultivator, and compacting finally.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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