CN108323392A - A kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery - Google Patents
A kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108323392A CN108323392A CN201810132688.7A CN201810132688A CN108323392A CN 108323392 A CN108323392 A CN 108323392A CN 201810132688 A CN201810132688 A CN 201810132688A CN 108323392 A CN108323392 A CN 108323392A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods that a kind of big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing of seedbed nursery produces paddy rice cross breeding seed, including selecting nonirrigated farmland to cultivate seedling as seedbed, overlay film and transplanting male parent, female parent, crop field Guan Shui, top dressing, preventing disease pest control, maternal and male parent is sprayed using gibberellin, clean pure keeping, the operating procedures such as artificial pollination, the planting patterns planted by mulch or Biodegradable films covering, big measurements of the chest, waist and hips intensified culturing or conventional density is sub to produce hybrid rice seed, wherein parental seed containing sterile line.The present invention can realize the paddy rice cross breeding production of hybrid seeds, the seed purity of breeding improves 0.2 0.5%, seed per mu yield increases by 8 15%, under the action of mulch or Biodegradable films are kept the temperature, male parent, maternal growth are accelerated, and the maturity period is done sth. in advance, the kind of long breeding time such as II 32A can do sth. in advance 7 10, such as five rich A of the kind of short breeding time can do sth. in advance 23, save rice seedling bed area, save young plants management expense, maternal seed dosage is saved, maternal 1 1.5 kilograms of seed is saved in mu crop field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique fields, refer to a kind of big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing of seedbed nursery specifically
The method for producing paddy rice cross breeding seed.
Background technology
China is a grain big country, as China's economy grows continuously and fast, the development and capital construction in city
Largely occupy cultivated land so that many province farming areas largely reduce, how with it is less arable land produce more grains
Food has been problem increasingly urgent in China's agricultural production.
Hybrid rice seeds production is the important link of paddy rice cross breeding use of advantage, and seed productivity decides hybridization water
The degree that rice promotes and applies.With the development of Chinese society's economy and agricultural production, the hybrid rice planting system of the prior art
The trend of Hybrid Rice Seed Industry development is not adapted to, current China's seed production exists：Base is defective, manpower shortage,
The pure keeping that cleans is not in place, and massless security mechanism, income is not high, and construction of base is weak, and seed Reproduction seeding technique faces
The problems such as challenge, seriously hinder the development of Chinese hybrid rice kind industry.
In recent years, it is engaged in the enterprise of hybrid rice seeds production, qualified production base is few, and base is not concentrated in flakes,
Water conservancy irrigation condition is poor, and base is extremely unstable, and enterprise is in seed production process, not in place, the hybrid strain type of removal of impurities pure keeping work
Increase, seed produces field inspection qualification rate and declines, and greatly affected the enthusiasm of seed producers.
Rice is the most important cereal crops in China, and the traditional cultivation mode in many areas in China shifts to an earlier date 40 days and educates at present
Seedling, is not laid out the specific planting location of rice field seedling plant generally, easily occurs plant lodging, disease during plantation
The bad phenomenons such as evil, early ageing, and rice yield is relatively low.In addition, during rice cultivation, the density of rice is planted to rice
Yield have a great impact, rational Rice Cropping density be rice obtain good quality and high output important prerequisite condition, and protect
The prerequisite of water holding rice purity Coriolis mass, rational close planting rice can coordinate the coordinated development of rice single plant and group structure,
Temperature, the illumination condition for improving crop field are conducive to the photosynthesis for enhancing rice, promote the accumulation of organic substance, to increase
The yield of rice ensures the purity Coriolis mass of rice paddy seed.
Therefore provide one kind can save rice seedling bed, and rationally plant rice make increasing production of rice, keep rice seed purity matter
The paddy rice planting method of amount is those skilled in the art's technical problem to be solved.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the sides that a kind of big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing of seedbed nursery produces paddy rice cross breeding seed
Method, to solve the problems, such as that hybrid rice seeds Reproduction seed production purity quality and yield, the present invention pass through following technical proposals
It realizes：
A kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery, includes the following steps：
S1 selects the nonirrigated farmland of never rice cultivation as seedbed, male parent and maternal seedling is cultivated, for transplanting；
S2 overlay films and male parent, maternal transplanting：
The crop fields S21 are according to the difference of soil fertility, using total content 25%, N：13%, P2O5：5%, K2O：7% rice
Special complex fertilizer makees base fertilizer, 40-60 kilograms per acre；
After S22 fertilisings, crop field rotary tillage is beaten carefully in the presence of water, and compartment is opened by 2 meters/compartment, does the requirement of the compartment faces Hou Xiang
It is smooth；
After S23 does compartment, preemergence herbicide weeding is sprayed in compartment face, insecticide is spread fertilizer over the fields and controls worm, after carriage body settles about 24 hours,
Cover compartment face with 0.04 millimeter of mulch or Biodegradable films, film is close to compartment face when covering, avoid mulch or Biodegradable films with
There are bubbles between the face of compartment；
S24 drilling tools are punched on the film in compartment face by Planting Patterns and density requirements, are planted in porose place upper small
Seedling：
The big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns of S241：It is punched on the face of compartment with trident drilling tool, a brood of three holes, is between Kong Yukong
Triangle-Profile is also in big Triangle-Profile between nest and nest；
S242 conventional density Planting Patterns：Punching is rolled on the face of compartment with line-spacing and the fixed tool drum of nest spacing；
S25 is transplanted：Male parent or a maternal leaf wholeheartedly when, then hardening two days is transplanted, transplanted between maternal and male parent timesharing,
The kind of long breeding time plants 1 seedling per hole, and the kind of short breeding time plants 2-3 seedlings per hole, and parent propagation plants a line male parent per compartment,
A line male parent is planted in production of hybrid seeds production per wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house, and male parent inserts in compartment side the same side, remaining row is planted maternal；
The crop fields S3 Guan Shui, top dressing, preventing disease pest control；
S4 gibberellin using and cleaning：According to male parent, the maternal sensitivity to gibberellin, opportune moment is selected, with
Adaptation concentration sprays male parent, female parent, removes the variant in male parent, female parent in time during spraying gibberellin, maternal
In maintainer；
S5 artificial pollinations：After spraying gibberellin, when father, female parent are bloomed, in fine day 11:00-14:00 carries out artificial pollination
2-4 times, continue 7-10 days；
S6 is checked and accepted and harvest：After pollination, male parent is cut off in time, variant, maintainer during further removing is maternal,
Harvest a few days ago checks whether there is male parent by compartment line by line and omits, if there is complete solid, ripe strain late in maternal, it is ripe after qualified
When harvest in time.
The present invention male parent with a maternal leaf wholeheartedly when transplant, 10-12 days time, makes small usually after cultivating seedling
The transplanting of seedling more light and fast, and hardening can avoid plant a problem that lodging, disease, early ageing occur for two days.
The present invention uses the planting patterns that covering with ground sheeting is combined with big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns or conventional density Planting Patterns
Carry out rice cultivation, on the one hand due to the covering of bubble-free between mulch or Biodegradable films and compartment face, can significantly subtract after covering
The evaporation of few soil moisture, makes soil moisture stablize, and can keep moistening for a long time, is conducive to root growth, to reach section
About use the purpose of water.On the other hand since overlay film heats moisturizing, be conducive to the proliferation of edaphon, accelerate
Humus is converted to inorganic salts, and advantageous rice crop absorbs；And herbicide is used cooperatively before and after overlay film, due to foring film
Interior disconnected oxygen, weeds and landing of upper season paddy cannot grow at overlay film, even if individual weeds germinations, also due to mulch or biodegradation
Film is kept temperature in the shed high by sunlight, young shoot since moisture is lost and withered rapidly, be also prevented from it is weedy,
To reduce the occupied labour of weeding, plantation cost of labor is saved.And big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns or conventional density are planted
Mode compares traditional cultivation more specification, and plant spacing is more consistent, and Rice Population is made to realize the organic unity of dilute close combination, improves
The photosynthetic efficiency of Rice Population, realize Super-high Yield of Hybrid Rice fringe foot, fringe be big and the coordination of Grain Filling, while making water
Rice yield increases, rice seed purity quality is maintained, and seedling is directly planted into crop field, reduces rice seedling bed link, and save
About rice seedling bed, saves young plants management cost, has played individual volume increase advantage to greatest extent.
Since agricultural mulching is one of the primary pollution source of white pollution, the present invention is using Biodegradable films for covering compartment
Face makes Biodegradable films under field conditions (factors) after a period of time, you can be degraded to inorganic matter and by soil absorption, therefore can also
Prevent white pollution.
Further, the step S1 includes the following steps：
S11 is calculated according to maternal 0.5-1 kilograms of the seed of Production of Large Fields per acre, 0.1-0.2 kilograms of male parent seed and is determined use
Kind amount：
S12 selects the nonirrigated farmland of never rice cultivation as seedbed, and 1.5 meters of packet ditches open compartment, and 10 centimetres of ditch depth harrows compartment face
Carefully, it flattens, fills saturating with cleaning up excrement water；
After S13 will be impregnated 24 hours for the seed of sowing with clear water, use instead 500 times of strong chlorine oil solution soak seed again it is 24 small
When, cleaning drains；
S14 sows the seed after draining, and covers 1 centimetre of seed with fine deposit, and uniformly spray 500-1000 times of fenaminosulf
Solution；
S15 sets up arch with bamboo chip, and the film of 0.04 millimeters thick, heat and moisture preserving are covered on arch；
It after S16 seed sproutings, sprays water if compartment face is whitened, after seedling lamina, noon thin temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C of degree
When, open seedbed both ends or side ventilation cooling.
Further, the drilling tool in the step 24：
When using the punching of big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns, with 1.2 meters of long thick bamboo tubes, 120 degree of the end trisection of thick bamboo tube is cutd open
Open form punches blade at the three pieces of trident, and spacing is 12 centimetres between three pieces punching blade tip, and at the end of thick bamboo tube
It jumps a queue in portion stopper；
When using the punching of conventional density Planting Patterns, punched on the compartment face of overlay film with 2 meters of wide tool drums, it is described
Tool drum includes the rolling ring of multiple spaced sets, multiple square tubes with the welding of each rolling ring, week of the square tube along rolling ring
To being uniformly distributed, and it is welded with multiple thorn plates in square tube, supporting rib is welded in rolling ring, in supporting rib centrally through axis
It holds and roller bearing is installed, the roller bearing both ends are connected with push-pull device at fixed.
When the trident drilling tool of the present invention is punched for big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns, plant personnel is only needed according to scheduled
Trident drilling tool is inserted into behind the face of compartment to take out by hole position can be completed punching work, easy to use, easy to operate.The present invention's
When tool drum is punched for conventional density Planting Patterns, plant personnel pulls or pushes tool drum that can be rolled on the face of compartment
Punching, plant personnel can also connect push-pull device at fixed with farm machinery, the mechanized operation of tool drum punching be realized, to make
Conventional density Planting Patterns punch operation is more simply, conveniently.The puncture site of the trident drilling tool and tool drum is equal
It is set as laminated structure, advantageously ensures that the leakproofness in the overlay film compartment face after punching.
Further, the step S3 includes the following steps：
S31 pipe water：It keeps having water in the ditch of compartment in rice plant of tillering stage, has at the hollow on compartment face mulch or Biodegradable films
Water；The dry field after maternal plant enters ear differentiation, Dry-wet alternate irrigation after rehydration are cut off the water supply before harvest for 7-10 days；
S32 top dressings：In rice plant of tillering stage top dressing 1-2 times, in the case where there is aqueous condition, 10 kilograms of urea, female parent 6 are applied in crop field per acre
The end of term, per acre crop field apply 3-4 kilograms of urea and make ear manuer；
S33 preventing disease pest controls：It is vertical withered that the transplanting of maternal or male parent sprays prevention after a week, with 500-1000 times of fenaminosulf solution
Disease；According to field rice thrips, planthopper, rice plant skipper, a situation arises sprays prevention with insecticide；According to prediction with tetrachloro worm
Amide sprays prevention striped rice borer；Prevention banded sclerotial blight, false smut, rice kernel smut are sprayed with love seedling, is sprayed with tricyclazole and prevents rice
Seasonal febrile diseases.
It is inserted after field turns green in rice, tillering stage keeps shallow water, can promote rice tillering, when tillering stage rice reaches certain
Seedling number after, appropriate dry field makes blade fall Huang rapidly to control ineffective tillering, Dry-wet alternate irrigation again after rehydration.
Further, the step S4 includes the following steps：
S41 to the sensitivity of gibberellin, during female parent is eared, is watered 30 with 6-10 grams of gibberellin per acre according to female parent
Kilogram maternal and male parent is carried out at the same time and to be sprayed for the first time；For the female parent of II -32A types, when earing 30-40%, per acre
It is watered 30 kilograms with 6-10 grams of gibberellin maternal and male parent is carried out at the same time and sprays for the first time；
S42 second day or third day after spraying gibberellin for the first time, per acre with 14-20 grams of gibberellin be watered 45 kilograms it is right
Maternal and male parent is carried out at the same time to be sprayed for the second time.
Compared with prior art, the present invention haing the following advantages and advantageous effect：
(1) present invention can realize that the seed purity of crossbreeding rice and yield greatly improve, and wherein seed is pure
Degree can improve 0.2-0.5%, and amount of increase in production can reach 8-15%；And paddy field overlay film can play heat preservation, increase accumulated temperature,
Promote growth, rice is made to shift to an earlier date ripe effect, wherein the kind of long breeding time such as II -32A can do sth. in advance 7-10 days, short fertility
Such as five rich A of the kind of phase can do sth. in advance 2-3 days；
(2) seedling is directly planted into crop field, reduces rice seedling bed link, and save rice seedling bed, saves young plants management cost；
(3) maternal sowing quantity per acre is 0.5-1 kilograms, than 2.0 kilograms of traditional Rice Cropping sowing quantity, has saved 1-1.5
Kilogram；
(4) early spring transplant, weather is mild, and small transplantation of seedlings, labor intensity is low, than traditional Rice Cropping technology on May, in
Ten days transplanting is lighter, quick；
(5) after covering with ground sheeting of the present invention, rice in the ranks, between nest, it is completely capped between strain, do not fell in upper season field paddy sprouting,
Growth, upper woods greatly reduce the influence for falling field paddy germinating season to the hybrid paddy rice production of hybrid seeds, breeding seed quality；
(6) present invention is conducive to early growth and quick tiller, and after small transplantation of seedlings, in the case of covering with ground sheeting, hair seedling is very fast, after transplanting
60 days or so, that is, the highest growth of cereal crop seedlings is reached, seedling number does not all enter ear differentiation in 300,000 or so, at this time Parent per acre, is conducive to shape
Cheng great Sui；
(7) the rice density of intensified culturing of the present invention is fixed, and row nest is clear, and without weeds, compartment face is totally limpid in field, makes miscellaneous
Strain, special-shaped strain easily identify, and are conducive to the field removal of impurities of seeding farmer, there is certain hardness in rice field after overlay film in addition, and people is in field
In walk more convenient and quicker；
(8) conventional method breeding rice paddy seed rogueing generally requires 4-5 time or even more, and overlay film intensified culturing
Afterwards, it is only necessary to ensure that reaching state issues standard GB4404.1-2008 to Three-line rice parental seed purity >=99.5% 2-3 times
Standard requirement, and generally can be in 99.8 or more %；
(9) trident drilling tool of the invention can make big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns punching work simply, conveniently；Roller is beaten
Hole tool can make conventional density Planting Patterns punch operation simply, conveniently, and can also realize the machinery of roller hole knockout
Change operation, and the puncture site of trident drilling tool and tool drum is disposed as laminated structure, advantageously ensures that punching
The leakproofness in overlay film compartment face afterwards；
(10) present invention makes Biodegradable films a period of time under field conditions (factors) using Biodegradable films for covering compartment face
Afterwards, you can be degraded to inorganic matter by soil absorption, white pollution can be prevented.
Description of the drawings
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become apparent：
Fig. 1 is the big measurements of the chest, waist and hips intensified culturing pattern diagram of overlay film of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the long breeding time overlay film conventional density intensified culturing pattern diagram of eight rows of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the short breeding time overlay film conventional density intensified culturing pattern diagram of nine rows of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the big measurements of the chest, waist and hips intensified culturing trident drilling tool of overlay film；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of overlay film conventional density intensified culturing tool drum；
Wherein：1-thick bamboo tube, 2-punching blades, 3-stoppers, 4-rolling rings, 5-square tubes, 6-thorn plates, 7-roller bearings, 8-
Supporting rib.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, tool
Steps are as follows for gymnastics work：
One, seedling is educated：
(1) sowing quantity：Per one mu of the production of hybrid seeds with 0.5-1 kilograms of maternal seed, 0.1-0.2 kilograms of male parent seed.
(2) seedbed preparation：The nonirrigated farmland for the paddy that had no guts, 1.5 meters of seedbed packet ditch is selected to seedbed to open compartment, shallow ridges, ditch depth 10
Centimetre or so.Compartment face leveling rake is thin, is filled with enough with cleaning up excrement water, and crop field is maternal with seedbed 0.5-1 meters net per acre2, male parent uses seedling only
0.1-0.2 meters of bed ground2。
(3) it sows：Seed 24 hours is impregnated with clear water, then with 500 times of strong chlorine oil solution seed soakings 24 hours, clean after draining
It can sow, with 1 centimetre of fine deposit lid kind after broadcasting, uniformly spray 500-1000 times of fenaminosulf solution disinfection, then taken with bamboo chip
If arch, the film of 0.04 millimeters thick, heat and moisture preserving are covered on arch.
(4) seedbed management：Film is not taken off before emergence, goes out compartment face after needle and whitens and spray water, after seedling lamina, noon temperature
Height, temperature in the shed are more than 35 DEG C when spending, and film ventilation cooling is taken off in seedbed both ends or side.
Two, overlay film and transplanting：
(1) base fertilizer：Crop field is according to the difference of soil fertility, using total content 25%, N：13%, P2O5：5%, K2O：7%
Compound fertilizer dedicated to paddy make base fertilizer, 40-60 kilograms per acre.
(2) compartment is opened in crop field：After fertilising, crop field rotary tillage is beaten carefully in the presence of water, and compartment is opened by 2 meters/compartment, after doing compartment
Compartment face requires smooth；Preemergence herbicide weeding is sprayed in compartment face, insecticide is spread fertilizer over the fields and controls worm, after carriage body settles about 24 hours, use
0.04 millimeter of mulch or Biodegradable films cover compartment face, and film is close to compartment face when covering, avoids mulch or Biodegradable films and compartment
There are bubbles between face.
The present invention can also replace the mulch of 0.04 millimeters thick using Biodegradable films, make Biodegradable films in natural item
After part lower a period of time, you can be degraded to inorganic matter by soil absorption, white pollution can be prevented.
(3) punching transplanting：Big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns may be used in the present invention or conventional density Planting Patterns move seedling
It plants onto crop field.
Big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns：As Figure 1 and Figure 4, with 1.2 meters long of thick bamboo tube 1,120 degree of the end of thick bamboo tube 1 is third
Divide and split to form three pieces punching blade 2, and spacing is 12 centimetres between 2 end of three pieces punching blade, and in the end of thick bamboo tube 1
It inside jumps a queue stopper 3, then is punched on the compartment face of overlay film with three pieces punching blade 2.A brood of three holes, such as an equilateral triangle, people
Stand on compartment ditch, on end-point distances compartment side, 20 centimeters make a call to the first nest, and the second nest is made a call to along 40 centimeters of ditch rectilinear direction, the first nest with
Second nest vertical orientation, 40 centimeters beat third nest, and three nests build a big isosceles triangle, are arranged in order, nest nest phase
Button, cyclic extensions, to form " big measurements of the chest, waist and hips intensified culturing " pattern of the small triangle of big three point arbitrage.Big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns are using greatly
There is abundant growing space in group and the characteristics of dog-eat-dog, improves self regulating and control ability in microcommunity, plays the big fringe of individual and height
Solid advantage realizes the synchronization of high-yield and high-efficiency.
As shown in Figure 1, ♂ indicates that male parent, ♀ indicate maternal, indulge to go, 40 centimetres of line-spacing moves back 40 centimetres of nest, area 6.4
Square meter, wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house are 4 meters wide, and compartment grows 1.6 meters, nest number 40, wherein 8 nest of male parent, maternal 32 nests, and so on 1 mu have 4168 nests,
834 nest of middle male parent, maternal 3334 nests.Production of hybrid seeds wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house only have a line male parent, thus in the case where 4168 total nest numbers are constant, his father
This only has 416 nests, female parent to be up to 3752 nests.
Conventional density Planting Patterns：As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, beaten on the compartment face of overlay film with 2 meters of wide tool drums
Hole, multiple square tubes 5 that the tool drum includes the rolling ring 4 of multiple spaced sets, welded with each rolling ring 4, the square tube 5
Circumferential direction along rolling ring 4 is uniformly distributed, and multiple thorn plates 6 are welded in square tube 5, and supporting rib 8 is welded in rolling ring 4, is being propped up
Support muscle 8 is equipped with roller bearing 7 centrally through bearing, and 7 both ends of the roller bearing are connected with push-pull device at fixed.In advance in square tube 5 when use
On install needed for punching line number thorn plate 6, and the spacing of every row is made to meet preset space length requirement, when tool drum is on the face of compartment
Rolling one week, you can punched on the face of compartment, and the spacing of punched position meets pre-provisioning request, for small transplantation of seedlings.It is specific next
It says：
It is illustrated in figure 2 the long breeding time overlay film conventional density intensified culturing pattern of eight rows, 217 centimetres are opened compartment, and compartment face is wide by 200
Centimetre, 200 centimetres of tool drum width, 120 centimetres of perimeter has 8 thorn plates 6 in every square tube 5, moves back 20 centimetres of nest, maternal row
Away from 24 centimetres, 32 centimetres of male parent line-spacing；
It is illustrated in figure 3 the short breeding time overlay film conventional density intensified culturing pattern of nine rows, 217 centimetres are opened compartment, and compartment face is wide by 200
Centimetre, 200 centimetres of tool drum width, 120 centimetres of perimeter has 9 thorn plates 6 in every square tube 5, moves back 20 centimetres of nest, maternal row
Away from 22 centimetres, 28 centimetres of male parent line-spacing.
Transplanting：10-12 days when male parent on seedbed with a maternal leaf wholeheartedly when, then hardening transplants two days later, first plants maternal
After plant male parent.No matter using big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns or conventional density Planting Patterns seedling is transplanted, the kind of long breeding time is such as
II -32A plants 1 plant of seedling per hole, and such as five rich A of kind of short breeding time plants 2-3 seedlings per hole, and a compartment plants a line male parent and inserts
In compartment side homonymy, remaining row plants female parent.
Three, field management：
(1) Guan Shui：Ensure there is water, and the hollow on compartment face mulch or Biodegradable films in the ditch of compartment in rice plant of tillering stage
There is water at place, shines crop field after maternal plant enters ear differentiation, and Dry-wet alternate irrigation after rehydration is cut off the water supply for 7-10 days before harvest.
(2) top dressing：Divide 1-2 times in tillering stage, in the case where there is aqueous condition, 10 kilograms of urea is applied in crop field per acre, maternal 6 end of term, depending on
The growth of cereal crop seedlings applies 3-4 kilograms of urea and makees ear manuer per acre.
(3) preventing disease pest control：Latter week is transplanted, prevention banded sclerotial blight is sprayed with 500-1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf, has thrips, fly
The chemical controls such as Cupric sulfate when lice, rice plant skipper are caused harm；Striped rice borer is prevented with four chlorantraniliproles etc.；With love seedling prevention banded sclerotial blight,
False smut, rice kernel smut etc.；Rice blast is prevented with tricyclazole etc..
Four, it is sprayed using Activol gibberellin：When female parent heading 30-40%, first time Activol gibberellin is sprayed, is used per acre
6-10 grams is watered 30 kilograms and sprays for the first time, second day or third day, and being watered 45 kilograms with 14-20 grams per acre sprays second,
Male parent female parent sprays simultaneously.
Five, clean pure keeping：It is the critical period to clean before and after the application of Activol gibberellin, removes father, female parent in time
In variant and it is maternal in maintainer.
Six, artificial pollination：After spraying Activol gibberellin, fine day noon 11:00- afternoons 14:00, according to blooming for male parent
Situation carries out artificial pollination 2-4 times, continues 7-10 days.
Seven, harvest is checked and accepted in time：Male parent is cut off after pollination in time, is further cleaned, is harvested a few days ago line by line by compartment
Whether generaI investigation has male parent omission, and complete solid, ripe strain late in female parent etc. if qualified, harvests in time when ripe.
Embodiment 2：
Seedling is transplanted using the method rice cultivation of the present invention, and using big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns, 2016 patriotic
8 groups of village, the production of hybrid seeds II excellent 838 are 11.8hm2；4 groups of kindheartedness and righteousness village, II -32A of breeding are 4.7hm2.Kind, place, area and sowing time
It is shown in Table (one).
Table (one)：
On May 30th, 2016, June 10, June 20, the growth of cereal crop seedlings for investigating big triangle, small triangle respectively on July 25, are as a result shown in
Table (two).Investigation shows after transplanting 60 days or so, that is, reaches the highest growth of cereal crop seedlings, and seedling number is 300,000 or so per acre, and Parent is not all at this time
Into ear differentiation, big fringe is advantageously formed.
Table (two)：
2016, seedling is transplanted using the method rice cultivation of the present invention, and using big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns, production is miscellaneous
Hand over rice paddy seed 16.5hm2, wherein：II -32A breeds 4.7hm2, 3861 kilograms/hm of average per unit area yield2；II excellent 838 production of hybrid seeds
11.8hm2, 4983 kilograms/hm of average per unit area yield2.Theory is surveyed production and be the results are shown in Table (three).
Table (three)：
The peasant household of rice, method system of 1 group of the cizu village with the present invention are produced using the method for the present invention by investigation in 2016
Kind II excellent 838, area 0.29hm2, 1470 kilograms of paid seed, average 5069 kilograms/hm2；3 groups of cizu village is planted with tradition
Technology production of hybrid seeds 0.16hm2, 614.5 kilograms of paid seed, average 3841 kilograms/hm2；The two compares, per hm2Increase production 1,228,000
Gram.
By planting yield result comparison for many years, in excellent 838 production of hybrid seeds of 1 group of cizu village II, using the present invention, maternal field 4
The moon 2 was sowed, 7 days or so maturations of August；Using traditional planting technology, same period sowing, 15-17 days maturations of August；Two compare,
Maturity period does sth. in advance 7-10 days.
Embodiment 3：
Using the method rice cultivation of the present invention, and conventional density Planting Patterns transplanting seedling is used, after rice maturation
(4), table (five), table (six) are shown in Table respectively to mu nest number, per mu yield, mu sowing quantity statistical result：
Table (four)：
Table (five)：
Table (six)：
It can be seen that the present invention can realize that the seed purity of crossbreeding rice and yield greatly improve, and
Maternal sowing quantity savings more a large amount of than traditional Rice Cropping female parent sowing quantity per acre.
Embodiment 4：
By investigation statistics, method rice cultivation using the present invention：
Five rich A sample 500 plants, have 1 plant of hybrid strain, purity to reach 99.8%；
II -32A samples 1000 plants, has 2 plants of hybrid strains, purity to reach 99.8%；
Excellent IA samples 2000 plants, has 2 plants of hybrid strains, purity to reach 99.9%；
Middle 9A samples 2000 plants, has 2 plants of hybrid strains, purity to reach 99.9%.
Therefore it can be shown using the paddy rice cross breeding seed purity Coriolis mass of cultivating seedlings in dry land paddy field overlay film intensified culturing production
The promotion of work.
Embodiment 5：
Each 1 piece of representative breeding field, seed farm are chosen, excavation surveys production, and II -32A breeds 5.6 square metres of field excavation, real
2.45 kilograms are received, moisture 18.92%；Per acre by 13% moisture conversion, 271.4 kilograms of gulch.II excellent 1126 seed farm excavation
12.24 square metres, paid 7.5 kilograms, moisture 21.6%；Per acre by 13% moisture conversion, 373.4 kilograms of gulch.
The present invention uses cultivating seedlings in dry land, and at the 10-12 days length of time rice seedlings grow, fertilization clear, covering with ground sheeting together, measurements of the chest, waist and hips solid, which is strengthened, plants
Training, moisture management, effective water-saving soil moisture conservation promote rice seedling early growth and quick tiller, reduce soil nutrient loss, and it is miscellaneous to can effectively prevent field
Grass is sprouted with field paddy is fallen, and reduces management cost, it is ensured that seed purity and yield.
Embodiment 6：
3 big nest is randomly selected respectively and carries out species test, and breeding field amounts to 132 fringes, and average spike length 21.84cm goes out neck
3.45cm grain 151.0, real grain 87.043, setting percentage 57.64%, 256.33 kilograms of mass of 1000 kernel theoretical yield per mu yield, reality
248 kilograms of border per mu yield；Seed farm amounts to 133 fringes, and average spike length 22.39cm goes out neck 5.17cm, grain 171.49, real grain
110.63, setting percentage 64.51%, 359.65 kilograms of mass of 1000 kernel theoretical yield per mu yield, 340 kilograms of practical per mu yield.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that being：
These embodiments can be carried out a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification, the present invention by not departing under the principle of the present invention and objective
Range limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery, which is characterized in that including following
Step：
S1 selects the nonirrigated farmland of never rice cultivation as seedbed, male parent and maternal seedling is cultivated, for transplanting；
S2 overlay films and male parent, maternal transplanting：
The crop fields S21 are according to the difference of soil fertility, using total content 25%, N：13%, P2O5：5%, K2O：7% rice is special
Composite fertilizer makees base fertilizer, 40-60 kilograms per acre；
After S22 fertilisings, crop field rotary tillage is beaten carefully in the presence of water, and compartment is opened by 2 meters/compartment, it is smooth to do the requirement of the compartment faces Hou Xiang；
After S23 does compartment, preemergence herbicide weeding is sprayed in compartment face, insecticide is spread fertilizer over the fields and controls worm, after carriage body settles about 24 hours, use
0.04 millimeter of mulch or Biodegradable films cover compartment face, and film is close to compartment face when covering, avoids mulch or Biodegradable films and compartment
There are bubbles between face；
S24 drilling tools are punched on the film in compartment face by Planting Patterns and density requirements, and upper seedling is planted in porose place：
The big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns of S241：It is punched on the face of compartment with trident drilling tool, a brood of three holes, is in triangle between Kong Yukong
Shape is distributed, and is also in big Triangle-Profile between nest and nest；
S242 conventional density Planting Patterns：Punching is rolled on the face of compartment with line-spacing and the fixed tool drum of nest spacing；
S25 is transplanted：Male parent or a maternal leaf wholeheartedly when, then hardening two days is transplanted, transplanted between maternal and male parent timesharing, long-living
The kind for educating the phase plants 1 seedling per hole, and the kind of short breeding time plants 2-3 seedlings per hole, and parent propagation plants a line male parent, the production of hybrid seeds per compartment
A line male parent is planted in production per wing-rooms on either side of a one-story house, and male parent inserts in compartment side the same side, remaining row is planted maternal；
The crop fields S3 Guan Shui, top dressing, preventing disease pest control；
S4 gibberellin using and cleaning：According to male parent, the maternal sensitivity to gibberellin, opportune moment is selected, with adaptation
Concentration sprays male parent, female parent, the variant in male parent, female parent is removed in time during spraying gibberellin, in maternal
Maintainer；
S5 artificial pollinations：After spraying gibberellin, when father, female parent are bloomed, in fine day 11:00-14:00 carries out artificial pollination 2-4
It is secondary, continue 7-10 days；
S6 is checked and accepted and harvest：After pollination, male parent is cut off in time, variant, maintainer during further removing is maternal, harvest
A few days ago male parent is checked whether there is by compartment line by line to omit, if also have complete solid, ripe strain late in maternal, after qualified, when ripe and
When harvest.
2. a kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step S1 includes the following steps：
S11 is calculated according to maternal 0.5-1 kilograms of the seed of Production of Large Fields per acre, 0.1-0.2 kilograms of male parent seed and is determined sowing quantity：
S12 selects the nonirrigated farmland of never rice cultivation as seedbed, and 1.5 meters of packet ditches open compartment, and 10 centimetres of ditch depth harrows compartment face thin, whole
It is flat, fill saturating with cleaning up excrement water；
After S13 will be impregnated 24 hours for the seed of sowing with clear water, uses 500 times of strong chlorine oil solution instead and soaks seed again 24 hours,
Cleaning drains；
S14 sows the seed after draining, and covers 1 centimetre of seed with fine deposit, and uniformly spray 500-1000 times of fenaminosulf solution；
S15 sets up arch with bamboo chip, and the film of 0.04 millimeters thick, heat and moisture preserving are covered on arch；
It after S16 seed sproutings, sprays water if compartment face is whitened, after seedling lamina, noon thin temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C when spending, and is taken off
Open seedbed both ends or side ventilation cooling.
3. a kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the drilling tool in the step S24：
When using the punching of big measurements of the chest, waist and hips Planting Patterns, with 1.2 meters of long thick bamboo tubes (1), by 120 degree of the end trisection of thick bamboo tube (1)
The three pieces punching blade (2) to form trident is splitted, and spacing is 12 centimetres between three pieces punching blade (2) end, and
It jumps a queue in the end of thick bamboo tube (1) stopper (3)；
When using the punching of conventional density Planting Patterns, punched on the compartment face of overlay film with 2 meters of wide tool drums, the roller
Tool includes the rolling ring (4) of multiple spaced sets, multiple square tubes (5) with each rolling ring (4) welding, square tube (5) edge
The circumferential direction of rolling ring (4) is uniformly distributed, and multiple thorn plates (6) are welded in square tube (5), and supporting rib is welded in rolling ring (4)
(8), roller bearing (7) is installed centrally through bearing in supporting rib (8), roller bearing (7) both ends are connected with push-pull device at fixed.
4. a kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step S3 includes the following steps：
S31 pipe water：It keeps having water in the ditch of compartment in rice plant of tillering stage, has water at the hollow on compartment face mulch or Biodegradable films；
Maternal plant enters dry field after ear differentiation, Dry-wet alternate irrigation after rehydration, cuts off the water supply within 7-10 days before harvest；
S32 top dressings：In rice plant of tillering stage top dressing 1-2 times, in the case where there is aqueous condition, 10 kilograms of urea is applied in crop field per acre, maternal 6 end of term,
Crop field applies 3-4 kilograms of urea and makees ear manuer per acre；
S33 preventing disease pest controls：The transplanting of maternal or male parent after a week, prevention damping-off is sprayed with 500-1000 times of fenaminosulf solution；Root
According to field rice thrips, planthopper, rice plant skipper, a situation arises sprays prevention with insecticide；It is sprayed according to four chlorantraniliproles of prediction
Apply prevention striped rice borer；Prevention banded sclerotial blight, false smut, rice kernel smut are sprayed with love seedling, prevention rice blast is sprayed with tricyclazole.
5. a kind of method of the big field tectorial membrane intensified culturing production paddy rice cross breeding seed of seedbed nursery according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the step S4 includes the following steps：
S41 to the sensitivity of gibberellin, during female parent is eared, is watered 30 kilograms with 6-10 grams of gibberellin per acre according to female parent
Maternal and male parent is carried out at the same time and is sprayed for the first time；
S42 second day or third day after spraying gibberellin for the first time, 45 kilograms are watered to female parent with 14-20 grams of gibberellin per acre
It is carried out at the same time with male parent and sprays for the second time.
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