CN107509514A - A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut - Google Patents
A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut Download PDFInfo
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- CN107509514A CN107509514A CN201710792574.0A CN201710792574A CN107509514A CN 107509514 A CN107509514 A CN 107509514A CN 201710792574 A CN201710792574 A CN 201710792574A CN 107509514 A CN107509514 A CN 107509514A
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- peanut
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, and in particular to the intercropping method of a kind of cotton and peanut.In order to improve the yield of peanut and cotton in unit cultivated area, the invention provides a kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut, every making 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons, the intervallum for having 30~50cm between sowing cotton seed band and peanut seeding band.Cotton and peanut are entered with the method for the invention and in the ranks made, peanut and the specific yield of cotton can be significantly improved：Cotton and peanut compared to nonoculture, cotton averagely increase production 10~15%；Peanut averagely increases production more than 5%；Compared to the intercropping system under the conditions of other ratios, under the conditions of the ratio of 6 row peanuts is made between 4 row cottons, the specific yield amplification of cotton and peanut is maximum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, and in particular to the intercropping method of a kind of cotton and peanut.
Background technology
The Huanghe valley is the important cotton in China and peanut cultivation area, and locality mainly uses traditional cotton and peanut list
Make, the plantation of 1 year season.
However, the shortcomings that cotton and peanut 1 year season nonoculture pattern, is：Cotton is planted using size row, every mu of density
3000 plants or so, the intensive cultivation management of whole breeding time, including go nutrition branch, topping (stem top and leaf branch top), smear superfluous bud, in
Weeding, multiple plant protection are controlled with changing, and receive the links such as flower by several times, and recruitment is more, and input is big, of poor benefits, and overcast and rainy time rotten bell occurs tight
Weight.Peanut nonoculture continuous cropping is planted, and is easily caused soil nutritional deficiency, Nutrient Absorption decline, disease pest harm exacerbation, yield and quality decline etc.
A series of problems, continuous cropping obstacle are very prominent.
Crop intercropping is a kind of intensive solid growth, due to the resource-constrained of Chinese arable land, is available for agricultural planting
Soil is fewer and fewer, and this requires the utilization rate for improving soil, is interplanted between crops, is pattern more prevailing at present.
But this pattern is also relatively simple, the variety selection of a kind is not clear and definite enough, and a kind technology is immature, and economic benefit is not also high, difficult
To accomplish rationally to reach high yield purpose using effective cultivated area.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut, improve in unit cultivated area peanut and
The yield of cotton.
The invention provides a kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut, every making 6 row peanuts, sowing cotton seed between 4 row cottons
There is 30~50cm intervallum between band and peanut seeding band.
Preferably, the cotton using etc. sow by the way of line-spacing, line space is 70~80cm, strain spacing is 13~
16cm。
Preferably, the peanut is sowed by the way of the row of a film two, two, a cave, and line space is 30~40cm, between cave
Away from for 15~25cm.
It is furthermore preferred that peanut ridging prior to seeding, 70~80cm of ridge bottom width, ridge 45~55cm of across back, the high 8~12cm in ridge.
Preferably, sowing cotton seed band is equal with the band amplitude of peanut seeding band.
It is furthermore preferred that after cotton and harvesting peanut, by straw chopping and returning；Next year alternating cotton, peanut crops for rotation crop rotation.
Beneficial effect：
The invention provides a kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut, every making 6 row peanuts, sowing cotton seed between 4 row cottons
There is 30~50cm intervallum between band and peanut seeding band.With homalographic tradition it is pure make cotton compared with, benefit from Dominance in border row,
Cotton averagely increases production 10~15%, and rotten bell reduces more than 10%；With homalographic is pure make peanut compared with, provided by the invention work side
Method overcomes continuous cropping obstacle, and peanut averagely increases production more than 5%.Compared to the intercropping system under the conditions of other ratios, every 4 row cottons
Under the conditions of the ratio for making 6 row peanuts between flower, the specific yield amplification of cotton and peanut is maximum, and overall economic efficiency significantly improves.
The present invention buries shallower growth characteristics, and two kinds using cotton root system stronger lower bundle ability and peanut fruit from root
The different group structure of crop, it can accomplish that aboveground space is complementary, underground root system is complementary, anniversary nutrition complement well, realize
Two kinds of crops make full use of to space, nutrient.As preferable scheme, peanut of the invention ridging prior to seeding, ridge bottom width
70~80cm, ridge 45~55cm of across back, the high 8~12cm in ridge.Ridging operation can be by two kinds of crops in space resources use aspects
Advantage obtain maximum performance.
Preferably, the present invention is after cotton and harvesting peanut, by straw chopping and returning；Next year alternating cotton, flower
Raw crops for rotation crop rotation.The present invention utilizes the characteristic of Peanut Root System fixed nitrogen, in peanut crops for rotation plant cotton, with it is pure make cotton compared with, nitrogen
Fertile amount of application reduces by 20%, the cotton not underproduction.Meanwhile present invention, avoiding continuous cropping obstacle caused by traditional peanut nonoculture, effectively
The harm of the pest and disease damages such as bacterial wilt, leaf spot, root-knot nematode and grub is alleviated, applications of pesticide amount reduces 10~20%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cotton described in the embodiment of the present invention and peanut intercropping mode schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut, every making 6 row peanuts, sowing cotton seed between 4 row cottons
There is 30~50cm intervallum between band and peanut seeding band.
In the present invention, it is every the purpose for making 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons：Rational deployment, give full play to the side of cotton
Row advantage, suppress the obstacle of being punished for being related to of peanut, improve land utilization ratio.Under the conditions of the ratio of 6 row peanuts is made between 4 row cottons,
The specific yield amplification of cotton and peanut is maximum.
In the present invention, spaced band between sowing cotton seed band and peanut seeding band, 30~50cm of bandwidth is spaced, preferably
For 40cm.The setting purpose of intervallum is：Ventilation and penetrating light, cotton is avoided to produce the negative effect sheltered from heat or light to peanut.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the kind of the cotton or peanut, cotton or flower using this area conventional commercial
Health product kind.
In the present invention, the step of also including watering moisture creating, site preparation and basal dressing before a work.In winter last year deep ploughing soil
On the basis of, late March watering moisture creating, with reference to preplanting treatment is broadcast, use sufficient organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer makees base manure.The present invention is to specific
Watering moisture creating method, method of soil preparation and Fertilizer Type be not particularly limited, using the routine operation of this area, as long as can
The operation that suitable soil, moisture and fertilizer environment are provided of growing of peanut and cotton is embodied as all in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Preferably, for Huanghe valley cotton region, the species of the preceding fertilising of a work is organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and dosage is
Every mu of 2000~3000kg of organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (18%N, 12%P2O5, 18%K2O) 50~70kg.Preferably,
Every mu of organic fertilizer 2500kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (18%N, 12%P2O5, 18%K2O)60kg.The fertilization mode is applied to Huang
River valley cotton region, the soil characteristic in Huanghe valley cotton region, the nutrient needed for supplement cotton and Development of Peanut can be directed to.
In the present invention, the cotton using etc. sowed by the way of line-spacing.From manageability, prematureness during sowing
The cotton variety that good, knot bell is concentrated, such as K836, Shandong cotton grind 36, Shandong cotton and grind 37.Sowing time is preferably 20~April 25 in April
Day, the line space of sowing is 70~80cm, preferably 76cm；Strain spacing is 13~16cm, preferably 14.6cm.Above-mentioned sowing side
The planting density of cotton is at 5500~6500 plants/acre or so under formula, in situations where it is preferred, the planting density of cotton is 6000
Plant/acre.The rational group structure of cotton can be ensured by carrying out sowing cotton seed under these conditions, ripe mutually normal.In addition, 76cm etc.
The line-spacing requirement of line-spacing and cotton picking machinery matches, and is advantageous to a series of later stage do mechanization operations.
In the present invention, the peanut is sowed by the way of the row of a film two, two, a cave.Species of the present invention to overlay film
It is not particularly limited, covering material of this area conventionally used for peanut.
Preferably in peanut pre-seeding row ridging before peanut seeding, ridge bottom width is 70~80cm, preferably 76cm；Ridge across back is
45~55cm, preferably 50cm；A height of 8~the 12cm in ridge, preferably 10cm.The purpose of ridging is before peanut seeding：Be advantageous to
Pricked under peanut pin, and can preferably coordinate the spatial relationship under cotton and Roots of Peanut with region on root, preferably
Accomplish that aboveground space is complementary, underground root system is complementary, anniversary nutrition complement, so as to realize two kinds of crops to space, nutrient it is abundant
Utilize.
In the present invention, the peanut seeding time is preferably 1~May 5 May, and cotton is in seedling stage in this time, is planted
Strain is smaller, and peanut growth will not be had an impact.The line space of sowing is 30~40cm, preferably 36cm；Cave spacing be 15~
25cm, preferably 20cm.The planting density of peanut is at 18000~22000 plants/acre or so under above-mentioned seeding method, preferable
In the case of, the planting density of peanut is at 20000 plants/acre.Peanut seeding is carried out under these conditions, ensure that the optimal group of peanut
Body structure, realizes stable high yield；And be advantageous to peanut management and the do mechanization operation of harvest.
In the present invention, also include after a work to peanut tectorial.The present invention is Meteorological effect to the purpose of peanut tectorial.
In the present invention, the beginning of October is to cotton defoliation ripening.The purpose accelerated the ripening is to realize that cotton concentrates blow-of-cottons, is easy to the later stage
Concentrate harvest.The present invention is not particularly limited to specific forced ripening method, using the routine operation of this area, as long as can realize
The operation for effect of accelerating the ripening is within protection scope of the present invention.
The first time harvest of cotton is carried out after accelerating the ripening 8~12 days, is harvested again after 15~25 days 1 time；Peanut is mid-October
Disposable harvest.The present invention is not particularly limited to specific collecting method and harvesting instrument, using the routine operation of this area,
As long as can realize cotton and peanut harvesting operation within protection scope of the present invention.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, sowing cotton seed band is equal with the sowing amplitude of peanut seeding band.The purpose of constant amplitude
It is the constant amplitude crop rotation for facilitating coming year cotton to replace crops for rotation with peanut.
In preferred scheme of the invention, after cotton and harvesting peanut, by straw chopping and returning；Next year replaces cotton
Flower, peanut crops for rotation crop rotation.
In the present invention, the straw chopping and returning is preferably disposable chopping and returning, is then ploughed deeply, and depth 20~
30cm.The operation can speed up rotting for stalk, and the repetition beneficial to organic matter accumulates.The time of the next year alternating crop rotation is specific
At the beginning of 3 months next years, to replace preferred rotary tillage soil-working before crop rotation.The purpose of present invention alternating crops for rotation crop rotation is：Utilize Peanut Root System
The characteristic of fixed nitrogen, in peanut crops for rotation plant cotton, with it is pure make cotton compared with, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer 20%, the cotton not underproduction can be reduced.
Meanwhile cotton crops for rotation plant peanut, traditional peanut nonoculture can be avoided caused by continuous cropping obstacle, be effectively reduced bacterial wilt, leaf
The harm of the pest and disease damages such as pinta, root-knot nematode and grub, applications of pesticide amount reduce 10~20%.
The intercropping method of cotton provided by the invention and peanut is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but can not
They are interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
This is tested carried out in 2015 and 2016 in Liaocheng City Gaotang County, using making crop rotation pattern between cotton, peanut constant amplitude,
Intercropping system makees 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons.Set simultaneously and pure make cotton, pure make to make 2 row peanuts, 3 rows between peanut, 2 row cottons
Make to make between 4 row peanuts, 5 row cottons 8 row peanuts between cotton as control.
36 and cotton variety K836 is educated as test material using peanut varieties flower, ploughs mid-March, has with reference to arable land application
Machine fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are as base manure.The watering moisture creating of in late March, 2015, in broadcasting preplanting treatment, every mu is applied purity nitrogen 15kg.
Mechanical ridging, ridge bottom width 76cm, ridge across back 50cm, the high 10cm in ridge are utilized in peanut pre-seeding row.Cotton was on April 20th, 2015
Sowed using line-spacings such as seeders, line-spacing 76cm, spacing in the rows 14.6cm, 6000 plants/acre of planting density.Peanut was on May 2nd, 2015
Utilize mechanical planting, the row of a film two, 10000 caves of planting density/mu, per 2, line-spacing 36cm, hill spacing 20cm, cave.Cotton and peanut
Sow spaced 40cm.On October 4th, 2015 sprays defoliation ripening agent to cotton, receives flower after 10 days for the first time, collects again after 15 days
It is middle to harvest 1 time.Peanut is once harvested on October 16th, 2015 using machinery.
Next year, alternately cotton, peanut crops for rotation crop rotation, using last year identical intercropping system.Simultaneously by sowing cotton seed band
Purity nitrogen dosage is kept to 12kg/ mus, and remaining operation is identical with 2015.
Gaotang County cotton and peanut yield and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number under cropping pattern from different places are counted respectively, are referred to
Table 1.
Cotton, peanut yield and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number under the Gaotang County different land use patterns of table 1
Note：Make between cotton/peanut constant amplitude the cotton under crop rotation pattern and peanut per mu yield converted according to actual sown area and
Come.
Embodiment 2
This is tested carried out in 2015 and 2016 in Dezhou City Xiajin County, using making crop rotation pattern between cotton, peanut constant amplitude,
Intercropping system makees 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons.Set simultaneously and pure make cotton, pure make to make 2 row peanuts, 3 rows between peanut, 2 row cottons
Make to make between 4 row peanuts, 5 row cottons 8 row peanuts between cotton as control.
36 and cotton variety K836 is educated as test material using peanut varieties flower, ploughs mid-March, has with reference to arable land application
Machine fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are as base manure.The watering moisture creating of in late March, 2015, in broadcasting preplanting treatment, every mu is applied purity nitrogen 15kg.
Mechanical ridging, ridge bottom width 70cm, ridge across back 45cm, the high 8cm in ridge are utilized in peanut pre-seeding row.Cotton was on April 24th, 2015
Sowed using line-spacings such as seeders, line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 16cm.Peanut utilized mechanical planting, a film two on May 5th, 2015
OK, per 2, line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing 25cm, cave.Cotton and the spaced 30cm of peanut seeding.On October 8th, 2015 sprays to cotton
Defoliation ripening agent, flower is received after 10 days for the first time, concentrate harvest after 20 days again 1 time.Peanut utilized machinery on October 17th, 2015
Once harvest.
Next year, alternately cotton, peanut crops for rotation crop rotation, using last year identical intercropping system.Simultaneously by sowing cotton seed band
Purity nitrogen dosage is kept to 12kg/ mus, and remaining operation is identical with 2015.
Dezhou City Xiajin County cotton and peanut yield and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control time under cropping pattern from different places are counted respectively
Number, refers to table 2.
Cotton, peanut yield and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number under the Xiajin County different land use patterns of table 2
Note：Make between cotton/peanut constant amplitude the cotton under crop rotation pattern and peanut per mu yield converted according to actual sown area and
Come.
Embodiment 3
This is tested carried out in 2015 and 2016 in Liaocheng City Gaotang County, using making crop rotation pattern between cotton, peanut constant amplitude,
Intercropping system makees 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons.Set simultaneously and pure make cotton, pure make to make 2 row peanuts, 3 rows between peanut, 2 row cottons
Make to make between 4 row peanuts, 5 row cottons 8 row peanuts between cotton as control.
With peanut varieties flower educate 22 and cotton variety Shandong cotton grind No. 28 as test material, in mid-March plough, with reference to arable land
Organic fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied as base manure.In late March, 2015 waters moisture creating, in broadcasting preplanting treatment, every mu apply it is pure
Nitrogen 15kg.Mechanical ridging, ridge bottom width 80cm, ridge across back 55cm, the high 12cm in ridge are utilized in peanut pre-seeding row.Cotton was in 2015
April 22 utilized the sowing of the line-spacings such as seeder, line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 13cm.Peanut utilized mechanical planting on May 3rd, 2015,
The row of one film two, per 2, line-spacing 40cm, hill spacing 15cm, cave.Cotton and the spaced 50cm of peanut seeding.On October 4th, 2015 is to cotton
Flower sprays defoliation ripening agent, receives flower after 10 days for the first time, concentrates harvest after 20 days again 1 time.Peanut is in profit on October 18th, 2015
Once harvested with machinery.
Next year, alternately cotton, peanut crops for rotation crop rotation, using last year identical intercropping system.Simultaneously by sowing cotton seed band
Purity nitrogen dosage is kept to 12kg/ mus, and remaining operation is identical with 2015.
Cotton and peanut yield and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number under the different land use patterns of Gaotang County are counted respectively, refer to table 3
Table 3：Cotton, peanut yield and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number under the different land use patterns of Gaotang County
Note：Make between cotton/peanut constant amplitude the cotton under crop rotation pattern and peanut per mu yield converted according to actual sown area and
Come.
As a result show：Make crop rotation First Year using between cotton/peanut constant amplitude, with it is pure make cotton and it is pure make peanut compared with, cotton
Make the output of cotton under crop rotation pattern between flower/peanut constant amplitude and improve 10~15%, peanut yield maintains an equal level with pure, but cotton, flower
Raw pest and disease damage occurs to decrease, with it is pure make cotton and peanut compared with, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number significantly reduces.Peanut continuous cropping
Cause the underproduction, with first year it is pure make peanut compared with, Peanut continuous cropping underproduction amplitude is up to 10~20%.And use cotton/peanut
Make crop rotation between constant amplitude on the premise of ensureing that peanut yield does not subtract, remain to keep Yield Increase In Cotton.Pure make cotton, peanut phase with tradition
Than, it is suitable with the yield of previous year to make the peanut yield under crop rotation pattern between cotton/peanut constant amplitude, and Yield Increase In Cotton effect according to
So obvious, amplification is up to 12~18%.In addition, the pure pest and disease damage for making peanut continuous cropping occurs further to aggravate, the preventing and treating of Second Year
Number is noticeably greater than preceding year, and it is bright to make cotton under crop rotation pattern, peanut prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control number between cotton/peanut constant amplitude
It is aobvious less than it is pure make cotton and it is pure make peanut, materialization and artificial input is obvious reduces.
In addition, compared to the intercropping system under the conditions of other ratios, every the ratio condition for making 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons
Under, the specific yield amplification of cotton and peanut is maximum.Consider the input and output under 6 kinds of cropping patterns, cotton/peanut with
4:Make the most effective of crop rotation between 6 constant amplitude.In summary, cotton/peanut 4:Make between 6 constant amplitudes crop rotation can be used as a kind of green,
High-efficient planting patterns are in Huanghe valley popularization and application.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut, it is characterised in that every making 6 row peanuts between 4 row cottons, sowing cotton seed band with
There is 30~50cm intervallum between peanut seeding band.
2. cotton according to claim 1 and peanut intercropping method, it is characterised in that the side of the line-spacing such as described cotton use
Formula is sowed, and line space is 70~80cm, and strain spacing is 13~16cm.
3. cotton according to claim 1 and peanut intercropping method, it is characterised in that the peanut using the row of a film two,
The mode in one two, cave is sowed, and line space is 30~40cm, and cave spacing is 15~25cm.
4. cotton according to claim 3 and peanut intercropping method, it is characterised in that peanut ridging prior to seeding, ridge bottom
Wide 70~80cm, ridge 45~55cm of across back, the high 8~12cm in ridge.
5. cotton and peanut intercropping method according to Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that sowing cotton seed band
It is equal with the band amplitude of peanut seeding band.
6. cotton according to claim 5 and peanut intercropping method, it is characterised in that, will after cotton and harvesting peanut
Straw chopping and returning；Next year alternating cotton, peanut crops for rotation crop rotation.
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| CN201710792574.0A CN107509514A (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2017-09-05 | A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111011146A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
| CN111386984A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-10 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Synergistic efficient planting method for cotton, melon and vegetable in saline-alkali land |
| CN115868385A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-03-31 | 无棣县优程为农服务有限公司 | Cotton and peanut composite planting method |
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| CN104429474A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Efficient intercropping technology of peanuts and cotton |
| CN105123255A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-09 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Cotton-green bean inter-planting high-yield high-efficiency planting mode |
| CN106613221A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
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| CN104429474A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Efficient intercropping technology of peanuts and cotton |
| CN105123255A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-09 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Cotton-green bean inter-planting high-yield high-efficiency planting mode |
| CN106613221A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111011146A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛农业大学 | Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil |
| CN111386984A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-10 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Synergistic efficient planting method for cotton, melon and vegetable in saline-alkali land |
| CN115868385A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-03-31 | 无棣县优程为农服务有限公司 | Cotton and peanut composite planting method |
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Application publication date: 20171226 |