CN111011146A - Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111011146A
CN111011146A CN201911077158.8A CN201911077158A CN111011146A CN 111011146 A CN111011146 A CN 111011146A CN 201911077158 A CN201911077158 A CN 201911077158A CN 111011146 A CN111011146 A CN 111011146A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
cotton
soil
peanuts
intercropping
peanut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201911077158.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
司彤
郭润泽
秦文洁
邹晓霞
张晓军
于晓娜
田树飞
王月福
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qingdao Agricultural University
Original Assignee
Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qingdao Agricultural University filed Critical Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority to CN201911077158.8A priority Critical patent/CN111011146A/en
Publication of CN111011146A publication Critical patent/CN111011146A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/50—Cotton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
    • C12Q1/30—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase involving catalase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
    • C12Q1/42—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving phosphatase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/6895—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping crop rotation, and discloses a method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil by equal-amplitude intercropping alternating rotation, which analyzes the influence of the peanut/cotton intercropping rotation on the growth, yield and economic benefit of 2 crops: measuring chlorophyll and component content, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic of cotton and peanut functional leaves, and measuring agronomic characters, yield and yield forming factors of the peanuts and the cotton; calculating the economic benefit and the land equivalence ratio of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation; the diversity change characteristic of the rhizosphere soil microbial community of 2 crops under the condition of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation; root exudates, soil enzyme activity and soil water and salt migration change characteristics of 2 crops under the condition of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation. The invention clarifies the soil micro-ecological mechanism of alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in the equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop planting mode of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali land, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for large-area application and popularization of the mode in the saline-alkali land.

Description

Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping crop rotation, and particularly relates to a method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil by constant-amplitude intercropping and alternating rotation, which is used for relieving soil micro-ecology of continuous cropping obstacles.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
the salt tolerance of the peanuts and the cotton is strong, and the method is suitable for popularization and planting in saline-alkali soil. However, due to continuous cropping for years, the productivity of soil is continuously reduced, and the diseases and insect pests are serious, so that the production of peanuts and cotton is restricted. Therefore, the popularization of the planting mode of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation is an important way for realizing the combination of land utilization and land cultivation, reducing the investment of fertilizers and pesticides, effectively relieving the field conflict among grain, cotton and oil crops and realizing the sustainable development of saline-alkali soil.
However, the analysis on peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation is only limited to the influence on yield, quality and economic benefit at present, while the analysis on alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation in saline-alkali soil is rarely reported, and is a main reason for limiting the application and popularization of a peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation planting mode in production, particularly in saline-alkali areas. Therefore, a mechanism for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles by the peanut/cotton intercropping and rotation planting mode in the saline-alkali soil is clarified, and theoretical basis and technical support can be provided for further mining intercropping advantages and large-area application and popularization of the planting mode in the saline-alkali soil.
The intercropping rotation planting mode is a multi-cropping planting mode widely applied in the agricultural production in the industry and is an important component of the essence of the traditional agricultural technology. The intercropping rotation utilizes the ecological niche difference of different crops to reasonably allocate the crops together to form a high-efficiency community which fully utilizes various natural resources. The method not only can improve the productivity of the land in unit area, maintain the soil fertility and enhance the stability of a farmland ecosystem, but also can improve the utilization efficiency of natural resources to the maximum extent, reduce the risk of crop yield reduction and ensure the safety of grain, cotton and oil. Therefore, the intercropping rotation planting mode still has an important position in modern agriculture and is one of the important directions of sustainable agriculture development in the future.
The influence of the intercropping crop rotation planting mode on the physiology, yield, quality and benefit of the peanut cotton is as follows:
the mode of intercropping and crop rotation of leguminous and gramineous crops is a common configuration mode in the practice of agricultural production in the industry. The intercropping enlarges the vertical distribution of the root system, increases the absorption area of nutrient and moisture, and lays a foundation for high yield and high efficiency of the peanuts and the cotton. The intercropping yield increase is verified by a large amount of analysis, the cotton boll opening time under the intercropping of peanuts/cotton is advanced and centralized, the uniform harvesting of the cotton is facilitated, the fiber quality is improved, the lint and frost bloom rate are improved, and the overall economic benefit is increased. Partial research shows that cotton is a deep-rooted land-consuming crop with large nutrient requirement, peanuts are a shallow-rooted land-growing crop with a nitrogen fixing function, and the nutritional ecological niches of the cotton and the peanut can be complemented with each other heterozygosis without competition. In addition, in the cotton and peanut intercropping crop rotation planting system, the cotton can fully utilize nitrogen fixed by the peanuts, and the peanuts can utilize soil phosphorus activated by the cotton. Therefore, the peanut/cotton intercropping can ensure that the yield of the two crops is not reduced, and simultaneously, the economic benefit of the whole field is greatly increased.
In a word, the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation planting mode is an optimized planting mode which intensively utilizes agricultural resources and improves soil fertility, and greatly improves yield, economic, ecological and social benefits.
Influence of the intercropping rotation planting mode on soil microecology:
the physical and chemical properties of soil are directly influenced by the activity of soil microorganisms, and the activity is closely related to the fixation and release of soil nutrients, so that the method is one of important marks for evaluating the soil fertility. Under the intercropping condition, the root exudates are changed due to the interaction of the two crop roots, the activity of soil microorganisms is influenced, and the diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial communities is further changed. In addition, the mass propagation of pathogenic fungi microorganisms in soil and the change of microbial structures are also one of the main causes of continuous cropping obstacles. The intercropping rotation is more beneficial to increasing the number of soil microorganisms than single cultivation, maintaining the diversity of the soil microorganisms and finally lightening the harm of soil-borne diseases, thereby becoming an effective method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles. For example, the intercropping of wheat and broad beans increases the beneficial secretion of root systems, the diversity and the abundance of fungus communities in rhizosphere soil are obviously increased, the activity of fungi is obviously enhanced, the structure of the fungus communities is obviously changed, the number of fusarium oxysporum which is a pathogenic bacterium of the broad bean wilt is obviously reduced, the harm of the broad bean wilt is finally relieved, and the yield of the broad beans is improved. However, no report has been made on the influence of the saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton intercropping wheel on the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities.
Soil enzyme activity:
soil enzymes are one of important indexes in a soil quality evaluation index system. Along with the increase of the continuous cropping age of the peanuts, the catalase activity is reduced, the oxidation effect in the soil is reduced, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is slowed down, the hydrogen peroxide is greatly accumulated in the soil, and the toxic action of the root system is aggravated to cause continuous cropping obstacles. For example, corn-peanut intercropping and corn-soybean intercropping significantly improve invertase and phosphatase activities in soil and significantly increase the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and azotobacteria in soil. Therefore, the intercropping can regulate and control the activity, diversity and community structure of the soil microorganisms at the rhizosphere of the crops, improve the activity of the soil enzymes, further improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promote the release of soil nutrients, facilitate the absorption and utilization of the crops and reduce the harm of soil-borne diseases. However, the influence of saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton intercropping on the activity of soil enzymes is rarely reported.
Soil water and salt migration:
because the growth, development and water consumption characteristics of intercropping crops are different, the time and space difference of water and water conversion is caused, and the effects of stabilizing yield and improving water utilization efficiency are achieved. When the interspecific competition is smaller than the intraspecific competition, the interspecific competition is beneficial to improving the water utilization efficiency, forming an intercropping advantage and improving the system stability.
The staggered distribution of the root systems of the intercropping crops in time and space is one of the main reasons for high yield and high efficiency of the intercropping. However, is the saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton intercropping wheel responsible for water and salt migration in the soil? Deep cotton root and high cotton root, and can reduce salt content in peanut and facilitate peanut growth? These problems have not been reported at present.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing research does not develop peanut/cotton intercropping research under the condition of saline-alkali soil.
(2) The prior art does not reasonably aim at the research of regulating and controlling the microbial diversity and community structure of the soil by the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation technology; research on soil micro-ecological mechanisms such as root secretion, soil enzyme activity, soil water and salt migration and the like.
(3) In the prior art, the research of intercropping does not combine the physiological mechanism, the farmland ecological mechanism and the soil micro-ecological mechanism of intercropping crops to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: the method is characterized by simultaneously carrying out the determination of the indexes, analyzing and excavating dominant functional microorganisms from the screened microorganisms, applying the microorganisms to production practice and practically solving the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts and the cotton in the saline-alkali soil.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the method can help to analyze the key role of the rhizosphere soil dominant function microorganism in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in the planting mode of 'constant-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil; revealing the change characteristics of plant growth, root secretion, soil enzyme and soil water and salt migration; further elucidating the soil micro-ecological mechanism of alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in the planting mode of 'equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil, and providing theoretical basis and technical support for large-area application and popularization of the mode in the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a constant-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil.
The invention is realized in this way, a saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method, on the basis of screened 6 rows of peanuts/4 rows of cotton and equal-amplitude planting, a field root system separation test method is adopted to carry out a soil micro-ecological mechanism for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in a saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting mode; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, analyzing the influence of peanut/cotton intercropping wheel on the growth, yield and economic benefit of 2 crops:
measuring chlorophyll and component contents, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of functional leaves of cotton and peanuts, and determining the growth characteristics of the cotton and the peanuts; determining agronomic characters, yield and yield forming factors of the peanuts and the cotton; calculating the economic benefit and the land equivalence ratio of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation;
thirdly, the microbial community diversity characteristics of 2 crop rhizosphere soil under the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation condition; collecting rhizosphere soil of peanuts and cotton which are treated differently, analyzing the diversity change of microbial communities of the rhizosphere soil of the peanuts and the cotton by utilizing high-throughput sequencing, and identifying and exploring dominant functional microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil by utilizing an analysis method of bioinformatics;
step four, root secretion, soil enzyme activity and soil water and salt migration change characteristics of 2 crops under the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation condition: qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the root exudates of the peanuts and the cotton to determine the composition of the root exudates of the peanuts and the cotton; measuring the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase in the soil treated by different methods, and analyzing the change characteristics of the activities of the soil enzymes of the peanuts and the cotton; and (3) measuring the water content and the total salt content of the soil subjected to different treatments, and determining the time-space change characteristic of water-salt migration of the soil of the peanuts and the cotton.
Further, the first step specifically comprises:
firstly, sowing the variety adopted in the test according to 750kg/hm2Applying a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
in the second step, 7 treatments were set as follows:
treatment 1: cotton is single-cropping, roots are not separated, large and small rows are planted, the small row spacing is 60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and 3811 plants/mu are planted;
and (3) treatment 2: the peanut single cropping has no root system separation, the ridge distance is 90cm, the small row spacing on the ridges is 30cm, the large row spacing is 60cm, 2 grains are planted in one hole, the hole spacing is 17cm, and 8719 holes/mu;
and (3) treatment: peanut/cotton intercropping is carried out, root systems are not separated, the width of a cotton belt is 270cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted, the small row spacing is 60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, the side row is 35cm away from a peanut belt, and the plant spacing is 25 cm; the peanut band width is 270cm, 3 ridges of peanuts are planted, the ridge distance is 90cm, the small row spacing on the ridges is 30cm, the large row spacing is 60cm, the side row spacing is 30cm from the cotton band, the hole distance is 17cm, and 2 grains are planted in one hole;
and (4) treatment: performing peanut/cotton intercropping, separating root systems between the cotton belts and the peanut belts by using a 300-mesh nylon net (the root systems cannot pass through, but water, nutrients and salt can pass through), wherein the depth is 100cm, and performing the rest of treatment 3;
and (4) treatment 5: performing peanut/cotton intercropping, performing root system separation between the cotton belts and the peanut belts by using plastic cloth, wherein the depth is 100cm, and performing the rest treatment 3;
and (6) treatment: performing contrast treatment according to peanut/cotton intercropping setting without planting any plant in a peanut zone;
and (7) treatment: performing contrast treatment according to peanut/cotton intercropping setting without planting any plant in a cotton belt;
each cell area processed was 81m2Each treatment was repeated 4 times, with 28 cells arranged in random blocks in the test field; the peanuts and the cotton treated by the 3 rd to 5 th periods are alternately planted in the second and third years, and the positions of all cells are kept unchanged in the third year.
Further, in the second step, the growth indexes, the yield and the yield of the peanut cotton comprise the following components:
growth indexes are as follows: the main stem height and the node number of the peanut, the length and the node number of the lateral branch, the total branch number, the single plant leaf area, the root nodule number, the root length, the root surface area and the root volume. The plant height of cotton, the length between main stem nodes, the initial node of fruit branches, the number of fruit branches, the leaf area of each plant, the boll formation number of each plant, the shedding rate and the boll opening rate;
the photosynthetic rate of the fully-extended top 3 leaves (functional leaves) of the 1 st row of the treated peanuts and the 1 st row of the treated cotton is measured by adopting a portable Li-6800 photosynthetic tester made in America to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the leaves by adopting a portable chlorophyll fluorescence meter; collecting the above leaves, and determining chlorophyll and its component content by ethanol acetone extraction method;
yield and yield-constituting factors: and measuring the weight of the hundred fruits, the weight of the hundred kernels, the plumpness, the number of single-plant fruits, the single-plant yield, the theoretical yield and the like in the mature period of the peanuts. The number of bolls of each plant, the weight of each boll, the seed length, the yield of the sub cotton and the yield of the ginned cotton are measured in the mature period of the cotton.
Further, in the third step, the analysis of the microbial community diversity of the rhizosphere soil of the peanut cotton comprises the following steps:
collecting samples: selecting treated peanuts in row 1 and cotton plants in row 1, removing surface soil attached to the root system by 0-5cm, brushing the soil adhered to the surface of the root system with a brush lightly, uniformly mixing, binding and sealing with a sterile sealing bag, and quickly placing in a foam box filled with dry ice;
extracting and detecting rhizosphere soil microorganism genome DNA: extracting the genomic DNA of each sample by using an OMEGA E.Z.N.A DNA kit;
PCR amplification of the target region 16S rDNA: 16S rDNA is a ribosome characteristic coding sequence of prokaryotes, a high-throughput sequencing technology is utilized to detect microbial species characteristic sequences such as 16S and the like amplified by PCR in microbial diversity sequencing, and a specific primer with barcode is used to amplify a V3+ V4 region of the 16S rDNA; the primer sequences are as follows:
341F:5’-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3’；
806R:5’-TTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCAC-3’；
carrying out electrophoresis on the amplification product in 2% agarose gel, cutting a target band, recovering, eluting by using Tris-HCl, detecting by using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, and carrying out preliminary quantification according to an electrophoresis chart; the samples were frozen to construct a sequencing library and subjected to high throughput sequencing.
Further, the sequencing and analysis process comprises:
(i) returning a large amount of sequencing results to the sample according to the barcode;
(ii) counting the final optimized sequence in the sequencing result through a strict and accurate program;
(iii) OTU clustering analysis;
(iv) comparison of sample OTU distribution: counting the number of OTUs shared by a plurality of samples can reflect the similarity and overlapping condition of environmental samples;
(v) the flora diversity index analysis reflects the abundance and diversity of microbial communities through the diversity analysis of a single sample;
(vi) detecting the sequencing depth condition of the sample by using the dilution curve;
(vii) principal Component Analysis (PCA): reflecting similarities in microbial community composition among different samples and major factors affecting microbial diversity;
RDA redundancy analysis: screening the microorganisms related to the environmental factors;
(viii) CCA canonical correspondence analysis: and (3) analyzing the correlation between the microbial community and the environmental factors.
Further, the method for analyzing the root exudates of the peanut cotton in the fourth step comprises the following steps:
collecting: selecting peanuts in rows 1, 2 and 3 and cotton plants in rows 1 and 2 to be treated, washing the peanuts and the cotton plants for 3 to 5 times by using clear water to wash off attached soil, then washing the roots by using deionized water, and putting the roots into 1000mL of 0.5 mmol.L-1Calcium chloride solution; wrapping the beaker with black paper, and collecting root exudates for 6h in a dark place;
extraction: and (3) pumping and filtering the collected root exudates by using a multi-purpose vacuum pump, and mixing the obtained clear solution with ethyl acetate according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, extracting for 3 times to obtain ethyl acetate phase which is neutralIngredients; the aqueous phase is treated with 1 mol.L-1Adjusting the pH value to 3 by HCl, and extracting by using ethyl acetate with the same volume to obtain an ethyl acetate phase as an acid component; the aqueous phase was reused 11 mol. L-1Adjusting pH to 8 with NaOH, extracting with ethyl acetate of the same volume to obtain ethyl acetate phase as an alkaline component, concentrating the acidic, alkaline and neutral ethyl acetate extracts under reduced pressure to dry, loading on a machine for determination, performing derivatization before column chromatography, adding 0.5mL of silanization reagent into the lyophilized extract, sealing, placing in 80 deg.C water bath for 2h, cooling, filtering with 0.45 μm membrane, and taking 1.0mL of the solution for GC-MS qualitative analysis;
and (3) qualitative analysis: chromatographic (GC) conditions: the temperature of a sample inlet of a quartz capillary strain TR-5MS is 250 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 1.0 mu L; the split ratio is 20: 1, helium (He) is used as carrier gas, and the flow rate is 1 mL-min-1；
Mass Spectrometry (MS) conditions: electron bombardment source (EI) electron energy is 70eV, scanning range is 45-500amu, scanning speed is 0.2s, interface temperature is 250 ℃, ion source temperature is 250 ℃, and solvent delay time is 4.0 min;
obtaining a total ion current chromatogram after GC-MS analysis, adopting a standard mass spectrum library for qualitative determination, searching and checking in an NIST2011 mass spectrum database through a computer, and identifying substances by combining artificial analysis;
quantitative analysis: 0.05mL of n-octadecane was aspirated and dissolved in 1000mL of CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Is prepared to contain n- octadecane 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg.L-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; 0.01mL of ethylbenzene was sucked and dissolved in 1000mLCH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Is prepared to contain 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 mg.L of ethylbenzene-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; 0.01g of ethyl acetate is weighed out and dissolved in CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Prepared to contain ethyl acetate 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg.L-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; and (3) carrying out GC-MS analysis on the standard solution with 6 concentration gradients of the 3 substances, carrying out linear regression analysis, determining chromatographic peaks of the 3 substances according to the retention time of each component, and calculating the concentration of each substance by using a regression equation of a standard curve.
Further, in the extraction step, after the extract passes through a 0.45-micron membrane, the extract is steamed to 10mL by using a rotary evaporator, then is dried by using a nitrogen blowing instrument, the whole operation process is rinsed by ethyl acetate, and the extract is freeze-dried.
Further, in the fourth step, the method for measuring the activity of the soil enzyme between the peanut and cotton rows comprises the following steps:
in the middle positions of 1-2 rows and 2-3 rows of peanuts, the middle position of 1-2 rows of cotton, the position of the 1 st row of peanuts from a cotton strip by 10cm and the position of the 1 st row of cotton from a cotton strip by 10cm, an electric soil drill is adopted to dig soil samples with the depth of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm, the soil samples are bound and sealed by a sealing bag, and the soil samples are quickly placed in a foam box filled with dry ice to carry out the activity determination of soil related enzymes.
Further, the soil-related enzyme activity determination method comprises the following steps:
measuring the activity of catalase by adopting a volumetric method, wherein the potassium permanganate consumed by titrating the soil filtrate (milliliters) is B, and the potassium permanganate consumed by titrating 25mL of the original hydrogen peroxide mixed solution (milliliters) is A; (A-B). times.T is the catalase activity.
The urease activity is measured by sodium phenolate colorimetry, and the enzyme activity is measured by NH in 1g of soil after the extract is cultured for 24 hours at constant temperature3Mass of-N (mg).
The determination of the phosphatase activity is carried out by adopting a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, and the enzyme activity is expressed by the content of p-nitrophenol generated by hydrolyzing trisodium p-nitrophenylphosphate in 1g of fresh soil in unit time, and the unit is mu mol g-1h-1。
Further, in the fourth step, in the soil water and salt migration change between the peanut and the cotton rows, the following steps are carried out:
measuring the soil moisture content by adopting a drying weighing method;
naturally drying the soil with salt content, grinding the soil, sieving the ground soil with a 20-mesh sieve, weighing 20g of soil sample, adding 100mL of deionized water, and mixing the soil sample with the water-soil ratio of 5: 1 after preparing soil leaching liquor, measuring the conductivity of the soil leaching liquor by using a conductivity meter and calculating the content of soil salt.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
the method for implementing the peanut and cotton intercropping crop rotation planting mode in the saline-alkali soil has great significance for reasonably developing and utilizing the saline-alkali soil and realizing sustainable development. On the basis of screening a proper peanut and cotton intercropping mode in the early stage, the method takes the optimal peanut and cotton intercropping mode in coastal saline-alkali soil as an analysis object, performs annual alternate crop rotation, adopts the traditional methods of soil science and soil microbiology, combines the modern molecular biology technology, analyzes the change of rhizosphere soil microbial community diversity by utilizing the soil microbial high-flux analysis technology, excavates the rhizosphere soil dominant function microbes, analyzes the rhizosphere soil dominant function microbes in the planting mode of 'constant-amplitude alternate crop rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil to relieve the key effect of continuous cropping obstacles; revealing the change characteristics of plant growth, root secretion, soil enzyme and soil water and salt migration; further elucidating the soil micro-ecological mechanism of alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in the planting mode of 'equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil, and providing theoretical basis and technical support for large-area application and popularization of the mode in the saline-alkali soil.
TABLE 1 Effect of different types of peanut/cotton intercropping on peanut yield and yield contributors
Figure RE-GDA0002379849480000091
Note: hd: performing single cropping on the peanuts; hn 1-3: row 1-3 of intercropping + nylon netty root system separated peanuts; hs 1-3: 1 st to 3 rd rows of peanuts are separated by intercropping and plastic cloth root systems; hw1-3: row 1-3 of intercropping + non-root-line-separated peanuts; h1-3: the 1 st to 3 rd rows of the peanut and the blank land are separately planted.
TABLE 2 Effect of different types of peanut/cotton intercropping on cotton yield and yield contributors
Figure RE-GDA0002379849480000092
Figure RE-GDA0002379849480000101
Note: md: performing single cropping on the peanuts; mn 1-2: row 1-2 of intercropping cotton with nylon net root system separation; ms 1-2: cotton 1-2 rows separated by intercropping and plastic cloth root systems; mw 1-2: row 1-2 of intercropped + non-root separated cotton; m1-2: the cotton is planted separately in the blank land.
The invention adopts a peanut/cotton equal-amplitude intercropping planting mode (6 rows of peanuts/4 rows of cotton and peanut cotton equal-amplitude planting), implements an analysis method and a test treatment design which are consistent with the invention, namely, a preliminary test is carried out at the flatness test base of Qingdao agriculture university by using a field root separation method (figure 7). The test mainly carries out early analysis on indexes such as yield of the peanut cotton, yield composition factors and the like. The 2018-year yield data in tables 1 and 2 show that under the condition of peanut/cotton intercropping (no-root system separation treatment), the yield and main yield forming factors of peanuts and cotton are remarkably higher than those of plastic cloth root system separation and nylon net root system separation treatment, but are smaller than those of 'single-cropping + blank land' treatment, and that the yield of the peanuts and the cotton is reduced by the underground root system separation treatment through a certain way. The findings that the yield of the individual plants in rows 1-3 of each treatment of intercropping presents an increasing trend in terms of peanut yield, while the yield of the individual plants in rows 1-3 of the treatment of peanut single crop + open land presents a decreasing trend (table 1) further suggest the space-time complexity of the peanut cotton intercropping system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a saline-alkali land peanut/cotton equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation planting method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a technical route chart adopted by the equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali land provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of cotton single cropping (left) and peanut single cropping (right) planting provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: md: lines 1-2 of cotton single crop; hd: lines 1-3 of peanut simple crop.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of peanut/cotton intercropping root-free (a), nylon mesh root-separated (b) and plastic cloth root-separated (c) provided by the embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: mw 1-2: 1-2 lines of intercropping and non-root-separating cotton, hw1-3 lines of intercropping and non-root-separating peanut 1-3 lines; mn 1-2: cotton row 1-2 of intercropping + nylon net, hn 1-3: row 1-3 of intercropped peanuts with nylon net septal roots; ms 1-2: line 1-2 of intercropping + plastic cloth root-separated cotton, hs 1-3: the 1 st to 3 rd rows of peanuts with intercropping and plastic cloth root separation.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of cotton belt (a) and cotton belt (b) planting according to the present invention;
in the figure: m 1-2: 1 st to 2 nd lines of single cropping of cotton and blank land; h 1-3: the 1 st to 3 rd rows of the peanut and the blank land are separately planted.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a field layout for each cell under test provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: each box represents each cell, 1-7 represents treatments 1-7, 4 replicates each, random block permutation.
FIG. 7 is a plot of the effect of field growth during the part of the 2018 peanut/cotton "constant amplitude intercropping" test.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the prior art, the method has no reasonable development of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation, can regulate and control the microbial diversity and community structure of soil, change root exudates, improve the activity of soil enzymes, influence the water and salt migration of soil and cause the problem that the microbial continuous cropping obstacle of the soil cannot be relieved.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil by equal-amplitude intercropping and alternating rotation, and the method is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the saline-alkali land peanut/cotton constant amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a field root system separation test method to perform a soil micro-ecological mechanism of a saline-alkali land peanut/cotton constant amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting mode for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles on the basis of screened 6 rows of peanuts/4 rows of cotton and constant amplitude planting; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, analyzing the influence of peanut/cotton intercropping wheel on the growth, yield and economic benefit of 2 crops.
S102, measuring chlorophyll and component contents, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of functional leaves of cotton and peanuts, and determining the growth characteristics of the cotton and the peanuts; determining agronomic characters, yield and yield forming factors of the peanuts and the cotton; and calculating the economic benefit and the land equivalence ratio of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation.
S103, carrying out diversity change characteristics of the microbial community of 2 crop rhizosphere soil under the condition of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation; collecting rhizosphere soil of peanuts and cotton treated differently, analyzing the diversity change of microbial communities of the rhizosphere soil of the peanuts and the cotton by high-throughput sequencing, and identifying and exploring dominant functional microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil by using an analysis method of bioinformatics.
S104, root secretion, soil enzyme activity and soil water and salt migration change characteristics of 2 crops under the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation condition: qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the root exudates of the peanuts and the cotton to determine the composition of the root exudates of the peanuts and the cotton; measuring the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase in the soil treated by different methods, and analyzing the change characteristics of the activities of the soil enzymes of the peanuts and the cotton; and (3) measuring the water content and the total salt content of the soil subjected to different treatments, and determining the time-space change characteristic of water-salt migration of the soil of the peanuts and the cotton.
In the embodiment of the invention, the change of the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial communities in the planting mode of 'equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil is used for exploring the advantageous functional microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, the mutual relation among the indexes is determined by combining the change characteristics of plant growth, root secretion, inter-row soil enzyme and soil water and salt migration, so that a soil micro-ecological mechanism of a planting mode of 'constant-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil to relieve continuous cropping obstacles is disclosed, and a theoretical basis and a technical support are provided for large-area application and popularization of the planting mode in the saline-alkali soil.
The method determines the change of the microbial community diversity of rhizosphere soil in the planting mode of equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil, and explores dominant functional microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil; the change characteristics of plant growth, root secretion, inter-row soil enzyme activity and soil water and salt migration in a planting mode of 'equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil are clarified; by combining the factors, a soil micro-ecological mechanism for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of peanuts and cotton in saline-alkali soil is disclosed in a planting mode of 'constant-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts and cotton.
The present invention will be further described with reference to effects.
The method can regulate and control the microbial diversity and community structure of the soil, change root exudates, improve the activity of soil enzymes, influence the water and salt migration of the soil and further help to relieve continuous cropping obstacles by reasonably developing peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation. Based on the method, the planting mode of 'constant-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in coastal saline-alkali soil is taken as an entry point, and the variation of the microbial community diversity of the rhizosphere soil of the peanuts and the cotton under the condition of the intercropping rotation is clarified by combining a field root system separation method, so that the dominant functional microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil are excavated. Meanwhile, the change characteristics of plant growth, root secretion, inter-row soil enzyme and soil water and salt migration are combined, and a soil micro-ecological mechanism for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in a saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton planting mode of 'constant-amplitude alternate intercropping rotation' is disclosed.
The invention is further described below in connection with specific tests.
And (3) experimental design:
(1) the test is carried out in the yellow river delta saline-alkali soil comprehensive utilization and ecological agriculture analysis center (E118 degrees 29 '15 degrees and N37 degrees 49' 24 degrees) of Qingdao agricultural university, and the test base is located in Rizhen Rozhen Maojiu of Rijin county, Dong province, and belongs to coastal saline-alkali soil. The region belongs to a warm-temperate zone semi-humid monsoon climate with clear four seasons, rain and heat in the same season, sufficient illumination and mild climate. The average annual air temperature is 13.3 ℃, the average annual rainfall is 526.2mm, the average annual evaporation capacity is 1724.3mm, and the average annual sunshine hours is 2834.7 h.
Selecting land with even and smooth land strength for field test, and measuring average soil content in early stageThe salt content is 0.51% (0-20cm surface soil, belonging to severe saline-alkali land, continuously planting salt-alkali resistant vegetables in the previous crop of the test field for more than ten years, in the development of field test, the test adopts the varieties of more salt-resistant peanut variety 'flower cultivation 25' and more salt-resistant cotton variety 'Lu cotton grinding 37'. the seed sowing is carried out according to the ratio of 750kg/hm2Applying compound fertilizer (nitrogen phosphorus potassium content: (N + P)2O5+K2O) 6%) as base fertilizer.
(2) The experiment set up 7 treatments as follows:
treatment 1: the cotton is single-cropping, roots are not separated, large and small rows are planted, the small row spacing is 60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and 3811 plants/mu (left in figure 3).
And (3) treatment 2: the peanut single cropping, the root system is not separated, the ridge distance is 90cm, the small row spacing on the ridge is 30cm, the large row spacing is 60cm, one hole is 2, the hole spacing is 17cm, 8719 holes/mu (figure 3 right).
And (3) treatment: peanut/cotton intercropping is carried out, root systems are not separated, the width of a cotton belt is 270cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted, the small row spacing is 60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, the side row is 35cm away from a peanut belt, and the plant spacing is 25 cm; the peanut band width is 270cm, 3 ridges of peanuts are planted, the ridge distance is 90cm, the small row spacing on the ridges is 30cm, the large row spacing is 60cm, the side row spacing is 30cm from the cotton band, the hole spacing is 17cm, and 2 grains are planted in one hole (figure 4 a).
And (4) treatment: peanut/cotton intercropping, using 300 mesh nylon net (root can not pass through, but water, nutrient and salt can pass through) to separate root system between cotton belt and peanut belt, depth is 100cm, and the rest is processed 3 (fig. 4 b).
And (4) treatment 5: peanut/cotton intercropping, separating root system between cotton belt and peanut belt with plastic cloth (root system, water, nutrient and salt can not pass through), depth 100cm, and processing 3 (as figure 4 c).
And (6) treatment: control treatment in peanut/cotton intercropping setting, but with no plants planted in the peanut zone (fig. 5 a). And (7) treatment: control treatment in peanut/cotton intercropping setting, but without any plants planted in cotton strips (see fig. 5 b).
Each cell area processed was 81m2(5.4 m bandwidth, 15m length), each treatment was repeated 4 times, and 28 cells were arranged in random blocks in the test field. 3-5 treated peanutsAnd alternately performing crop rotation in the second and third years, wherein the positions of all cells are kept unchanged in the third year. The plot layout of each cell was tested (see figure 6).
(3) Measurement items and methods
The three sampling measurement periods of this test are the following key growth periods of the peanuts:
at the stage of flowering and coning, 50% of plants are sampled at day 15 after flowering.
At the pod bearing stage, samples were taken 15 days after chick-like young fruit appeared in 50% of plants.
In the full fruit period, sampling is carried out on the 15 th day after 50% of plants are full.
(4) Growth index, yield and yield forming factors of peanut cotton
Growth indexes are as follows: the main stem height and the node number of the peanut, the length and the node number of the lateral branch, the total branch number, the single plant leaf area, the root nodule number, the root length, the root surface area and the root volume. The plant height of cotton, the length between main stem nodes, the initial node of fruit branches, the number of fruit branches, the leaf area of each plant, the boll formation number of each plant, the shedding rate and the boll opening rate.
The photosynthetic rate of the fully-extended top 3 leaves (functional leaves) of the 1 st row of the peanuts and the 1 st row of the cotton in each treatment is measured by a portable photosynthetic measuring instrument made by America Li-6800 (the measuring time is 9: 00-11: 00 in the morning of clear weather); the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the above leaves were measured using a portable chlorophyll fluorescence apparatus (Pam 210). And simultaneously collecting the leaves, and determining the contents of chlorophyll and components thereof by an ethanol acetone extraction method.
Yield and yield-constituting factors: and measuring the weight of the hundred fruits, the weight of the hundred kernels, the plumpness, the number of single-plant fruits, the single-plant yield, the theoretical yield and the like in the mature period of the peanuts. The number of bolls of each plant, the weight of the bolls of each plant, the clothes branch, the yield of the unginned cotton, the yield of the ginned cotton and the like are measured in the mature period of the cotton.
(4) Peanut cotton rhizosphere soil microbial community diversity analysis
Collecting samples: selecting and processing peanuts in the 1 st row and cotton plants in the 1 st row (3 times of repetition), removing surface soil attached to 0-5cm of a root system, lightly brushing soil adhered to the surface of the root system by using a brush (a new brush is replaced every time a sample is taken to avoid sample cross contamination), binding and sealing the mixture by using a sterile sealing bag after uniform mixing, quickly placing the mixture in a foam box filled with dry ice, and taking the mixture back to a laboratory for next processing.
Extracting and detecting rhizosphere soil microorganism genome DNA: genomic DNA of each sample was extracted using an OMEGA e.z.n.a DNA kit.
PCR amplification of the target region 16S rDNA: the 16S rDNA is a ribosome characteristic coding sequence of prokaryotes and is commonly used for species classification and evolutionary relationship analysis of bacteria and archaea. The microbial diversity sequencing is an analysis method for detecting the characteristic sequences of microbial species such as 16S amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) by utilizing a high-throughput sequencing technology. The V3+ V4 region of 16S rDNA was amplified using specific primers with barcode. The primer sequences are as follows:
341F:5’-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3’SEQ ID NO：1。
806R:5’-TTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCAC-3’SEQ ID NO：2。
the PCR reaction system was performed with reference to the system provided by Youji Youao Biotech Co., Ltd. And (3) carrying out electrophoresis on the amplification product in 2% agarose gel, cutting a target band, recovering, eluting by using Tris-HCl, detecting by using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, and carrying out primary quantification according to an electrophoresis chart. The samples were stored frozen and sent to Guangzhou Dior Biotech GmbH to construct sequencing libraries, and Hiseq2500 PE250 was programmed for high throughput sequencing.
(5) Sequencing and analyzing process:
(i) a large number of sequencing results were regressed into samples according to barcode.
(ii) The final optimized sequence in the sequencing results was counted by a rigorous procedure.
(iii) OTU (operational Taxonomic units) clustering analysis.
(iv) Comparison of sample OTU distribution: counting the number of OTUs shared among multiple samples may reflect the similarity and overlap of environmental samples.
(v) Floral diversity index analysis (Alpha-diversity): by single sample diversity analysis (Alpha diversity), the abundance and diversity of microbial communities can be reflected.
(vi) Dilution curve (Rarefection curve): and detecting the sequencing depth condition of the sample.
(vii) Pca (principal Component analysis) principal Component analysis: reflecting the similarity of the microbial community composition among different samples and the major factors affecting microbial diversity.
Rda (redundancy analysis) redundancy analysis: screening the microorganisms related to the environmental factors;
(viii) cca (cancer coresponse analysis) canonical Correspondence analysis: and (3) analyzing the correlation between the microbial community and the environmental factors.
Through the sequencing and analysis, the difference of microbial community structures and the diversity of the microbial community of the rhizosphere soil of the peanut cotton among different treatments is revealed, the dominant functional microbes of the rhizosphere soil are explored, the key role of the microbial communities in the planting system of the equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation of the peanut/cotton is further clarified, and the biological mechanism of alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in the planting mode is revealed from the perspective of the dominant functional microbes of the rhizosphere soil.
(6) Analyzing root exudates of peanut cotton:
collecting: selecting 1, 2 and 3 rows of peanuts and 1 and 2 rows of cotton plants (3 times), washing with clear water for 3-5 times to remove attached soil, washing the roots with deionized water, and placing the roots in a volume of 1000mL and 0.5 mmol.L-1Calcium chloride solution. Wrapping the beaker with black paper, and collecting root exudates for 6h in a dark place.
Extraction: and (3) pumping and filtering the collected root exudates by using a multi-purpose vacuum pump, and mixing the obtained clear solution with ethyl acetate according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, extracting for 3 times to obtain ethyl acetate phase as a neutral component; the aqueous phase is treated with 1 mol.L-1Adjusting the pH value to 3 by HCl, and extracting by using ethyl acetate with the same volume to obtain an ethyl acetate phase as an acid component; the aqueous phase was reused 11 mol. L-1Adjusting pH to 8 with NaOH, extracting with ethyl acetate of the same volume to obtain ethyl acetate phase as alkaline component, concentrating acidic, alkaline and neutral (stock solution) ethyl acetate extractive solution under reduced pressure to dryness (after the extractive solution passes through 0.45 μm membrane, steaming to 10mL with rotary evaporator, blow drying with nitrogen blowing instrument, rinsing with ethyl acetate during the whole operation process, and freeze drying the extractive solution). On the upper partPerforming pre-column derivatization before measurement, adding 0.5mL of silanization reagent (Regisil reagent) into the freeze-dried extract, capping and sealing, performing water bath at 80 ℃ for 2h, cooling, filtering with 0.45 mu m membrane, and performing GC-MS qualitative analysis on 1.0 mL.
And (3) qualitative analysis: a Trace-ISQ type gas chromatography-mass spectrometer of Thermo company in USA is adopted. Chromatographic (GC) conditions: quartz capillary strain TR-5MS (30mm × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm), injection port temperature of 250 deg.C, and injection amount of 1.0 μ L; split (split ratio 20: 1): the carrier gas is helium (He) and the flow rate is 1 mL/min-1. Mass Spectrometry (MS) conditions: electron bombardment source (EI) electron energy is 70eV, scanning range is 45-500amu, scanning speed is 0.2s, interface temperature is 250 ℃, ion source temperature is 250 ℃, and solvent delay time is 4.0 min. And (3) obtaining a total ion current chromatogram after GC-MS analysis, adopting a standard mass spectrum library for qualitative determination, searching and checking in an NIST2011 mass spectrum database through a computer, and carrying out substance identification by combining artificial analysis.
Quantitative analysis: 0.05mL of n-octadecane was aspirated and dissolved in 1000mL of CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Is prepared to contain n- octadecane 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg.L-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; 0.01mL of ethylbenzene was sucked and dissolved in 1000mLCH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Is prepared to contain 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 mg.L of ethylbenzene-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; 0.01g of ethyl acetate is weighed out and dissolved in CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Prepared to contain ethyl acetate 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg.L -16 concentration gradient standard solution. And (3) carrying out GC-MS analysis on the standard solution with 6 concentration gradients of the 3 substances, carrying out linear regression analysis, determining chromatographic peaks of the 3 substances according to the retention time of each component, and calculating the concentration of each substance by using a regression equation of a standard curve.
(7) Determination of soil enzyme Activity between peanut and Cotton rows
In the middle position of 1-2 rows, 2-3 rows, the middle position of 1-2 rows of cotton, the position of the 1 st row of peanut from the cotton strip by 10cm and the position of the 1 st row of cotton from the cotton strip by 10cm, an electric soil drill is adopted to dig out soil samples (3 times) with the depth of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm, the soil samples are wrapped and sealed by a sealing bag, the soil samples are quickly placed in a foam box filled with dry ice, and the soil samples are taken back to a laboratory for soil related enzyme activity determination.
The determination of catalase activity adopts a volumetric method, the potassium permanganate amount (milliliters) consumed for titrating the soil filtrate is B, and the potassium permanganate amount (milliliters) consumed for titrating 25mL of the original hydrogen peroxide mixed solution is A. (A-B). times.T is the catalase activity.
The urease activity was measured by sodium phenolate colorimetry, and the enzyme activity was represented by the mass (mg) of NH3-N in 1g of soil after incubation of the extract at constant temperature for 24 hours.
The phosphatase activity is measured by a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, and the enzyme activity is expressed by the content of p-nitrophenol (mu mol g) generated by hydrolyzing trisodium p-nitrophenylphosphate in 1g of fresh soil in unit time-1h-1)。
(8) Water and salt migration change of soil between peanut and cotton row
And (4) measuring the activity of the soil enzyme among the same rows in a sampling mode.
Measuring the soil moisture content by adopting a drying weighing method;
naturally drying the soil with salt content, grinding the soil, sieving the ground soil with a 20-mesh sieve, weighing 20g of soil sample, adding 100mL of deionized water, and mixing the soil sample with the water-soil ratio of 5: 1 after preparing soil leaching liquor, measuring the conductivity of the soil leaching liquor by using a conductivity meter and calculating the content of soil salt. In the invention, extraction of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, high-throughput sequencing analysis of community structure and diversity, and identification and functional analysis of rhizosphere soil dominant functional microorganisms are key technologies of the invention.
In the invention, the soil micro-ecological mechanism for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanut cotton in the saline-alkali soil is analyzed. The analysis on the plant physiological mechanism of peanut/cotton intercropping is wide in the industry, but the analysis on the soil microecology is insufficient. The analysis reveals a mechanism for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in saline-alkali soil peanut/cotton intercropping and rotation from the perspective of soil microecology, and provides theoretical support for popularization and application of the planting system in saline-alkali soil.
In the method, a field root system separation test method is used, and the functional diversity of the soil microorganisms is analyzed by combining molecular biology and a high-throughput sequencing technology, so that the contribution of the rhizosphere soil dominant functional microorganisms to the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation planting system is clarified, and the analysis method of the intercropping crop rotation system is enriched.
The invention aims at digging and expanding the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation planting mode, and has direct reference value for relevant theories and technologies for supporting development and utilization of coastal saline-alkali soil.
The invention finds out the diversity change of rhizosphere soil microbial communities in the planting mode of 'equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil, and discovers and analyzes the key role of rhizosphere soil dominant function microorganisms in relieving continuous cropping obstacles.
The invention discloses the change characteristics of plant growth, root secretion, interline soil enzyme and soil water and salt migration in a planting mode of 'equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil.
By comprehensively analyzing the results, the invention clarifies the soil micro-ecological mechanism of alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in the planting mode of 'constant-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation' of peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil.
The invention is further described below in connection with specific field practices.
The invention adopts a peanut/cotton equal-amplitude intercropping planting mode (6 rows of peanuts/4 rows of cotton and peanut cotton equal-amplitude planting), implements an analysis method and a test treatment design which are consistent with the invention, namely, a preliminary test is carried out at the flatness test base of Qingdao agriculture university by using a field root separation method (figure 7). The test mainly carries out early analysis on indexes such as yield of the peanut cotton, yield composition factors and the like. The 2018-year yield data in tables 1 and 2 show that under the condition of peanut/cotton intercropping (no-root system separation treatment), the yield and main yield forming factors of peanuts and cotton are remarkably higher than those of plastic cloth root system separation and nylon net root system separation treatment, but are smaller than those of 'single-cropping + blank land' treatment, and that the yield of the peanuts and the cotton is reduced by the underground root system separation treatment through a certain way. The findings that the yield of the individual plants in rows 1-3 of each treatment of intercropping presents an increasing trend in terms of peanut yield, while the yield of the individual plants in rows 1-3 of the treatment of peanut single crop + open land presents a decreasing trend (table 1) further suggest the space-time complexity of the peanut cotton intercropping system.
The early analysis result points to the influence of indexes such as rhizosphere soil microorganisms, root exudates, soil enzyme activity, soil water and salt migration and the like on the peanut cotton preliminarily, namely, the soil microecological system plays an important role in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of a peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation planting system.
All the equipment applied by the invention comprises: the device comprises an LI-6800 portable photosynthetic apparatus, a root scanning analysis system, a conductivity tester, a Pam210 portable chlorophyll fluorescence instrument, a Trace-ISQ gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, a rotary evaporator, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, a Bio-Rad board PCR instrument, a constant temperature refrigerator, a Thermo-ultra-low temperature refrigerator and other advanced instruments and equipment, and can well analyze aspects such as peanut cotton photosynthetic physiology, water physiology, soil enzymology experiments, microbiology experiments and the like.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Figure RE-GDA0002379849480000201

Claims (10)

1. A saline-alkali land peanut/cotton constant-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method is characterized in that a soil micro-ecological mechanism for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles is carried out in a saline-alkali land peanut/cotton constant-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation mode by adopting a field root system separation test method on the basis of screened 6 rows of peanuts/4 rows of cotton and constant-amplitude planting; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, analyzing the influence of peanut/cotton intercropping wheel on the growth, yield and economic benefit of 2 crops:
measuring chlorophyll and component contents, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of functional leaves of cotton and peanuts, and determining the growth characteristics of the cotton and the peanuts; determining agronomic characters, yield and yield forming factors of the peanuts and the cotton; calculating the economic benefit and the land equivalence ratio of peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation;
thirdly, the microbial community diversity characteristics of 2 crop rhizosphere soil under the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation condition; collecting rhizosphere soil of peanuts and cotton which are treated differently, analyzing the diversity change of microbial communities of the rhizosphere soil of the peanuts and the cotton by utilizing high-throughput sequencing, and identifying and exploring dominant functional microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil by utilizing an analysis method of bioinformatics;
step four, root secretion, soil enzyme activity and soil water and salt migration change characteristics of 2 crops under the peanut/cotton intercropping crop rotation condition: qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the root exudates of the peanuts and the cotton to determine the composition of the root exudates of the peanuts and the cotton; measuring the activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase in the soil treated by different methods, and analyzing the change characteristics of the activities of the soil enzymes of the peanuts and the cotton; and (3) measuring the water content and the total salt content of the soil subjected to different treatments, and determining the time-space change characteristic of water-salt migration of the soil of the peanuts and the cotton.
2. The equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first step specifically comprises:
firstly, sowing the variety adopted in the test according to 750kg/hm2Applying a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer;
in the second step, 7 treatments were set as follows:
treatment 1: cotton is single-cropping, roots are not separated, large and small rows are planted, the small row spacing is 60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and 3811 plants/mu are planted;
and (3) treatment 2: the peanut single cropping has no root system separation, the ridge distance is 90cm, the small row spacing on the ridges is 30cm, the large row spacing is 60cm, 2 grains are planted in one hole, the hole spacing is 17cm, and 8719 holes/mu;
and (3) treatment: peanut/cotton intercropping is carried out, root systems are not separated, the width of a cotton belt is 270cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted, the small row spacing is 60cm, the large row spacing is 80cm, the side row is 35cm away from a peanut belt, and the plant spacing is 25 cm; the peanut band width is 270cm, 3 ridges of peanuts are planted, the ridge distance is 90cm, the small row distance on the ridges is 30cm, the large row distance is 60cm, the side row distance is 30cm from the cotton band, the hole distance is 17cm, and 2 grains are planted in one hole;
and (4) treatment: performing peanut/cotton intercropping, performing root system separation between the cotton belts and the peanut belts by using a 300-mesh nylon net with the depth of 100cm, and performing the rest treatment 3;
and (4) treatment 5: performing peanut/cotton intercropping, performing root system separation between the cotton belts and the peanut belts by using plastic cloth, wherein the depth is 100cm, and performing the rest treatment 3;
and (6) treatment: performing contrast treatment according to peanut/cotton intercropping setting without planting any plant in a peanut zone;
and (7) treatment: performing contrast treatment according to peanut/cotton intercropping setting without planting any plant in a cotton belt;
each cell area processed was 81m2Each treatment was repeated 4 times, with 28 cells arranged in random blocks in the test field; the peanuts and the cotton treated by the 3 rd to 5 th periods are alternately planted in the second and third years, and the positions of all cells are kept unchanged in the third year.
3. The equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the growth indexes, yield and yield of the peanuts and cotton comprise the following factors:
growth indexes are as follows: the main stem height and the node number of the peanut, the length and the node number of the lateral branch, the total branch number, the single plant leaf area, the root nodule number, the root length, the root surface area and the root volume. The plant height of cotton, the length between main stem nodes, the initial node of fruit branches, the number of fruit branches, the leaf area of each plant, the boll formation number of each plant, the shedding rate and the boll opening rate;
the photosynthetic rate of the fully-extended top 3 leaves of the 1 st row of the treated peanuts and the 1 st row of the treated cotton is measured by adopting a portable Li-6800 photosynthetic tester made in America to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the leaves by adopting a portable chlorophyll fluorescence meter; collecting the above leaves, and determining chlorophyll and its component content by ethanol acetone extraction method;
yield and yield-constituting factors: measuring the weight of the hundred fruits, the weight of the hundred kernels, the plumpness, the number of single-plant fruits, the single-plant yield and the theoretical yield in the mature period of the peanuts; the number of bolls of each plant, the weight of each boll, the seed length, the yield of the sub cotton and the yield of the ginned cotton are measured in the mature period of the cotton.
4. The method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali land by alternating crop rotation with constant amplitude as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the analysis of microbial community diversity of peanut cotton rhizosphere soil comprises the following steps:
collecting samples: selecting treated peanuts in row 1 and cotton plants in row 1, removing surface soil attached to the root system by 0-5cm, brushing the soil adhered to the surface of the root system with a brush lightly, uniformly mixing, binding and sealing with a sterile sealing bag, and quickly placing in a foam box filled with dry ice;
extracting and detecting rhizosphere soil microorganism genome DNA: extracting the genomic DNA of each sample by using an OMEGA E.Z.N.A DNA kit;
PCR amplification of the target region 16S rDNA: 16S rDNA is a ribosome characteristic coding sequence of prokaryotes, a high-throughput sequencing technology is utilized to detect microbial species characteristic sequences such as 16S and the like amplified by PCR in microbial diversity sequencing, and a specific primer with barcode is used to amplify a V3+ V4 region of the 16S rDNA; the primer sequences are as follows:
341F:5’-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3’；
806R:5’-TTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCAC-3’；
carrying out electrophoresis on the amplification product in 2% agarose gel, cutting a target band, recovering, eluting by using Tris-HCl, detecting by using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, and carrying out preliminary quantification according to an electrophoresis chart; the samples were frozen to construct a sequencing library and subjected to high throughput sequencing.
5. The equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sequencing and analysis process comprises:
(i) returning a large amount of sequencing results to the sample according to the barcode;
(ii) counting the final optimized sequence in the sequencing result through a strict and accurate program;
(iii) OTU clustering analysis;
(iv) comparison of sample OTU distribution: counting the number of OTUs shared by a plurality of samples can reflect the similarity and overlapping condition of environmental samples;
(v) the flora diversity index analysis reflects the abundance and diversity of microbial communities through the diversity analysis of a single sample;
(vi) detecting the sequencing depth condition of the sample by using the dilution curve;
(vii) principal Component Analysis (PCA): reflecting similarities in microbial community composition among different samples and major factors affecting microbial diversity;
RDA redundancy analysis: screening the microorganisms related to the environmental factors;
(viii) CCA canonical correspondence analysis: and (3) analyzing the correlation between the microbial community and the environmental factors.
6. The equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for analyzing root exudates of the cotton of the peanuts in the step four comprises the following steps:
collecting: selecting 1, 2 and 3 rows of peanuts and 1 and 2 rows of cotton plants to be treated, washing for 3-5 times by using clear water to wash off attached soil, then washing roots by using deionized water, and putting the roots into 1000mL of 0.5 mmol.L-1Calcium chloride solution; wrapping the beaker with black paper, and collecting root exudates for 6h in a dark place;
extraction: and (3) pumping and filtering the collected root exudates by using a multi-purpose vacuum pump, and mixing the obtained clear solution with ethyl acetate according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, extracting for 3 times to obtain ethyl acetate phase as a neutral component; the aqueous phase is treated with 1 mol.L-1Adjusting the pH value to 3 by HCl, and extracting by using ethyl acetate with the same volume to obtain an ethyl acetate phase as an acid component; the aqueous phase was reused 11 mol. L-1Adjusting pH to 8 with NaOH, extracting with ethyl acetate of the same volume to obtain ethyl acetate phase as alkaline component, concentrating acidic, alkaline and neutral ethyl acetate extractive solutions under reduced pressure, performing derivatization before dry machine determination, adding 0.5mL silanization reagent into the lyophilized extractive solution, and covering with a coverSealing, placing in 80 deg.C water bath for 2h, cooling, filtering with 0.45 μm membrane, and performing GC-MS qualitative analysis on 1.0 mL;
and (3) qualitative analysis: chromatographic GC conditions: the temperature of a sample inlet of a quartz capillary strain TR-5MS is 250 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 1.0 mu L; the split ratio is 20: 1, helium He is used as carrier gas, and the flow rate is 1 mL/min-1；
Mass spectrum MS conditions: electron bombardment source EI electron energy is 70eV, scanning range is 45-500amu, scanning speed is 0.2s, interface temperature is 250 ℃, ion source temperature is 250 ℃, and solvent delay time is 4.0 min;
obtaining a total ion current chromatogram after GC-MS analysis, adopting a standard mass spectrum library for qualitative determination, searching and checking in an NIST2011 mass spectrum database through a computer, and identifying substances by combining artificial analysis;
quantitative analysis: 0.05mL of n-octadecane was aspirated and dissolved in 1000mL of CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Is prepared to contain n-octadecane 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg.L-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; 0.01mL of ethylbenzene was sucked and dissolved in 1000mL of CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Is prepared to contain 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 mg.L of ethylbenzene-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; 0.01g of ethyl acetate is weighed out and dissolved in CH2Cl2In (C) with CH2Cl2Prepared to contain ethyl acetate 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg.L-1Standard solutions of 6 concentration gradients; and (3) carrying out GC-MS analysis on the standard solution with 6 concentration gradients of the 3 substances, carrying out linear regression analysis, determining chromatographic peaks of the 3 substances according to the retention time of each component, and calculating the concentration of each substance by using a regression equation of a standard curve.
7. The method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step of extraction, after the extract passes through a 0.45 μm film, the extract is steamed to 10mL by a rotary evaporator and then dried by a nitrogen blower, the whole operation process is rinsed with ethyl acetate, and the extract is freeze-dried.
8. The equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the fourth step, the method for measuring the activity of the soil enzymes between the rows of the peanuts and the cotton comprises the following steps:
in the middle positions of 1-2 rows and 2-3 rows of peanuts, the middle position of 1-2 rows of cotton, the position of the 1 st row of peanuts from a cotton belt by 10cm and the position of the 1 st row of cotton from a cotton belt by 10cm, an electric soil drill is adopted to dig soil samples with the depth of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm, the soil samples are bound and sealed by a sealing bag, and the soil samples are quickly placed in a foam box filled with dry ice to carry out the activity determination of soil related enzymes.
9. The method for planting peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali land by alternating crop rotation with constant amplitude as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method for measuring the activity of the soil-related enzyme comprises the following steps:
measuring the activity of catalase by adopting a volumetric method, wherein the potassium permanganate consumed by titrating the soil filtrate (milliliters) is B, and the potassium permanganate consumed by titrating 25mL of the original hydrogen peroxide mixed solution (milliliters) is A; (A-B). times.T is catalase activity;
the urease activity is measured by sodium phenolate colorimetry, and the enzyme activity is measured by NH in 1g of soil after the extract is cultured for 24 hours at constant temperature3-mass mg of N represents;
the determination of the phosphatase activity is carried out by adopting a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, and the enzyme activity is expressed by the content of p-nitrophenol generated by hydrolyzing trisodium p-nitrophenylphosphate in 1g of fresh soil in unit time, and the unit is mu mol g-1h-1。
10. The equal-amplitude intercropping alternate rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali lands as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the fourth step, during the soil water and salt migration change between the rows of the peanuts and the cotton, the following steps are carried out:
measuring the soil moisture content by adopting a drying weighing method;
naturally drying the soil with salt content, grinding the soil, sieving the ground soil with a 20-mesh sieve, weighing 20g of soil sample, adding 100mL of deionized water, and mixing the soil sample with the water-soil ratio of 5: 1 after preparing soil leaching liquor, measuring the conductivity of the soil leaching liquor by using a conductivity meter and calculating the content of soil salt.
CN201911077158.8A 2019-11-06 2019-11-06 Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil Pending CN111011146A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911077158.8A CN111011146A (en) 2019-11-06 2019-11-06 Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911077158.8A CN111011146A (en) 2019-11-06 2019-11-06 Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111011146A true CN111011146A (en) 2020-04-17

Family

ID=70200934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911077158.8A Pending CN111011146A (en) 2019-11-06 2019-11-06 Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111011146A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111837551A (en) * 2020-07-25 2020-10-30 青岛农业大学 Slow release fertilizer for cotton, application method of stable fertilizer and utilization efficiency determination method
CN112005824A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-12-01 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil
CN113237837A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-08-10 辽宁工程技术大学 Preparation method for improving peanut and corn soil under different planting modes of Colqin sand land
CN113435640A (en) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-24 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Method for predicting in-situ EC (soil EC) of soil in different plough layers of main growth period of rice in soda saline-alkali soil
CN114467654A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-05-13 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Method for continuously cultivating bananas in blight area
CN116326412A (en) * 2022-05-18 2023-06-27 北京农学院 Method for regulating and controlling rhizosphere activating effect of apples
CN117033810A (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-11-10 上海华维可控农业科技集团股份有限公司 Agricultural data analysis management system and method based on big data

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105409571A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-23 铜仁学院 Method for raising cotton yield and plantation benefits of high saline and alkaline land
CN106613221A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-10 山东省花生研究所 Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land
CN107242007A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-10-13 聊城市农业科学研究院 One grows cotton the light simplified cultivation method of peanut strip cropping
CN107318426A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-11-07 聊城市农业科学研究院 One grow cotton in peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot
CN107371733A (en) * 2017-08-22 2017-11-24 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Make crop rotation high-efficient planting patterns between a kind of mild or moderate sulfate alkaline land cotton peanut
CN107509514A (en) * 2017-09-05 2017-12-26 山东棉花研究中心 A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut
CN107667790A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-09 山东省花生研究所 The peanut that salt-soda soil increases income/cotton strip cropping method
CN108342465A (en) * 2018-03-02 2018-07-31 南京大学 A method of crop rhizosphere prokaryotic micro-organisms is detected based on high-flux sequence
CN108901735A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-30 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 A kind of efficient Rotated Fertilization method alleviated continuous cropping obstacle, improve peanut plumpness
CN109169071A (en) * 2018-10-25 2019-01-11 石河子大学 A kind of Xinjiang region corn and Soybean Intercropping plant interpretation of result method

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105409571A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-23 铜仁学院 Method for raising cotton yield and plantation benefits of high saline and alkaline land
CN106613221A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-10 山东省花生研究所 Cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut/cotton yields in saline and alkaline land
CN107242007A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-10-13 聊城市农业科学研究院 One grows cotton the light simplified cultivation method of peanut strip cropping
CN107318426A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-11-07 聊城市农业科学研究院 One grow cotton in peanut year between make between year border crop rotation high yield cultivating method on the spot
CN107371733A (en) * 2017-08-22 2017-11-24 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Make crop rotation high-efficient planting patterns between a kind of mild or moderate sulfate alkaline land cotton peanut
CN107509514A (en) * 2017-09-05 2017-12-26 山东棉花研究中心 A kind of cotton and the intercropping method of peanut
CN107667790A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-09 山东省花生研究所 The peanut that salt-soda soil increases income/cotton strip cropping method
CN108342465A (en) * 2018-03-02 2018-07-31 南京大学 A method of crop rhizosphere prokaryotic micro-organisms is detected based on high-flux sequence
CN108901735A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-30 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 A kind of efficient Rotated Fertilization method alleviated continuous cropping obstacle, improve peanut plumpness
CN109169071A (en) * 2018-10-25 2019-01-11 石河子大学 A kind of Xinjiang region corn and Soybean Intercropping plant interpretation of result method

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
慈敦伟 等: "盐碱地花生_棉花间作系统群体配置对产量和效益的影响", 《花生学报》 *
李相松 等: "花生_棉花间作套种高效栽培技术", 《农业科技通讯》 *
汪宝卿 等: "盐碱地棉花花生间作种植模式对产量和效益的影响", 《中国农学通报》 *
牛银亭 等: "棉花和花生间作效应与效益比较分析", 《中国棉花》 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111837551A (en) * 2020-07-25 2020-10-30 青岛农业大学 Slow release fertilizer for cotton, application method of stable fertilizer and utilization efficiency determination method
CN112005824A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-12-01 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil
CN113237837A (en) * 2021-05-10 2021-08-10 辽宁工程技术大学 Preparation method for improving peanut and corn soil under different planting modes of Colqin sand land
CN113435640A (en) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-24 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Method for predicting in-situ EC (soil EC) of soil in different plough layers of main growth period of rice in soda saline-alkali soil
CN113435640B (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-07-26 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Method for predicting in-situ EC (environmental impact) of soils with different plough layers in main growth period of rice in soda saline-alkali soil
CN114467654A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-05-13 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Method for continuously cultivating bananas in blight area
CN116326412A (en) * 2022-05-18 2023-06-27 北京农学院 Method for regulating and controlling rhizosphere activating effect of apples
CN117033810A (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-11-10 上海华维可控农业科技集团股份有限公司 Agricultural data analysis management system and method based on big data
CN117033810B (en) * 2023-05-23 2024-04-23 上海华维可控农业科技集团股份有限公司 Agricultural data analysis management system and method based on big data

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111011146A (en) Equal-amplitude intercropping alternate crop rotation planting method for peanuts/cotton in saline-alkali soil
FU et al. Effects of maize-soybean relay intercropping on crop nutrient uptake and soil bacterial community
Ndungu et al. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) hosts several widespread bradyrhizobial root nodule symbionts across contrasting agro-ecological production areas in Kenya
Zörb et al. Potassium in agriculture–status and perspectives
Jasper et al. Phosphorus and the formation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas
Nygren et al. Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation by trees: an underestimated resource in agroforestry systems?
Grossman et al. Diversity of rhizobia in soybean [Glycine max (Vinton)] nodules varies under organic and conventional management
Kapulnik et al. Contribution of nitrogen fixed by Azospirillum to the N nutrition of spring wheat in Israel
Yang et al. Connecting soil dissolved organic matter to soil bacterial community structure in a long-term grass-mulching apple orchard
Thilakarathna et al. Characterizing nitrogen transfer from red clover populations to companion bluegrass under field conditions
Yu et al. The soil carbon cycle determined by GeoChip 5.0 in sugarcane and soybean intercropping systems with reduced nitrogen input in South China
Holik et al. The effect of mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure on winter wheat grain yield and grain quality.
Watanabe et al. Difference in natural abundance of 15N in several rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties: application for evaluating N2 fixation
Zou et al. Rotational strip intercropping of maize and peanut enhances productivity by improving crop photosynthetic production and optimizing soil nutrients and bacterial communities
Qin et al. Relationship between phosphorus uptake via indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and crop response: A 32P-labeling study
Zhao et al. Nitrogen fixation and transfer between legumes and cereals under various cropping regimes
Li et al. Intercropping to maximize root–root interactions in agricultural plants: agronomic aspects
Bessa et al. Growth, nutrient concentration and principal component analysis of Cagaita ('Eugenia dysenterica'DC.) seedlings grown in nutrient solution
Carlos et al. Long-term cover crops and no-tillage in Entisol increase enzyme activity and carbon stock and enable the system fertilization in southern Brazil
Zhang et al. Regulation of soil enzyme activity and bacterial communities by food waste compost application during field tobacco cultivation cycle
Lazare et al. It takes two: Reciprocal scion-rootstock relationships enable salt tolerance in'Hass' avocado
CN114231465A (en) Microbial preparation for improving iron deficiency stress resistance of crops and application thereof
Serraj et al. Improvement of legume productivity and role of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in cropping systems: overcoming the physiological and agronomic limitations
Santhi et al. Impact of soil fertility characteristics on artificial fertility gradient approach developed using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Alfisols
Sulistiono et al. Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerates the growth of shoot roots of sugarcane seedlings in the nursery

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20200417