CN114467654A - Method for continuously cultivating bananas in blight area - Google Patents
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- CN114467654A CN114467654A CN202210131915.0A CN202210131915A CN114467654A CN 114467654 A CN114467654 A CN 114467654A CN 202210131915 A CN202210131915 A CN 202210131915A CN 114467654 A CN114467654 A CN 114467654A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/04—Heat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2101/00—Chemical composition of materials used in disinfecting, sterilising or deodorising
- A61L2101/32—Organic compounds
- A61L2101/44—Heterocyclic compounds
Abstract
The invention provides a method for continuously cultivating bananas in an wilt disease area, which is characterized in that a separation plate or a film with the depth of 30cm is embedded in soil, a land parcel is divided into a planting area and a rotation area with the width of 1m, the adjacent interval between the planting area and the rotation area is also 1m, the planting area and the rotation area are physically sterilized by boiled water with the temperature of 100 ℃, and then are chemically sterilized by 500 times of hymexazol solution, bananas are planted in the planting area and the rotation area in the first year, Chinese chives are planted in the planting area and the rotation area in the second year after the bananas are harvested, and the steps are repeated. By the method, the content of pathogenic bacteria in local soil is far lower than the wilt disease onset threshold value during banana planting, and the banana is protected by the planting wrapping device, so that the wilt disease rarely occurs before the banana is harvested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a method for continuously cultivating bananas in a blight area.
Background
Bananas are monocotyledonous herbaceous plants belonging to the genus Musa (Musa) of the family Musaceae. The 4 types of banana, plantain and dragon tooth banana are referred to in China. The banana is one of four good fruits in south China, and is also a famous tropical and subtropical fruit in the world. China is one of the major producing countries of bananas in the world, has a long cultivation history, is also one of the major producing countries of bananas in the world, and is mainly distributed in tropical and partial subtropical areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan and Fujian. The cultivation area and yield of bananas are the fourth of fruits nationwide, and statistics show that bananas play a significant role in domestic fruit production. However, with the rapid development of the banana industry, the most serious threat and challenge of wilt disease has been encountered since history.
The banana vascular wilt is a devastating disease which is widely distributed in a banana planting area in the world and has extremely serious harm. The disease was first discovered in australia in 1874. 1910, about 4 kilohm in south America2The banana orchard is destroyed by the disease, with Panama being the most serious, so the disease is also known as Banana Panama disease [1]. Due to the influence of banana wilt, a destructive disease, bananas can not be planted in a plurality of historical banana production areas at present. A great deal of manpower, material resources and financial resources are invested in the major banana producing countries and related organizations to develop the prevention and control research on banana wilt so as to overcome the problem as early as possible.
At present, the main means for preventing and controlling the blight in banana cultivation are chemical prevention and control, biological prevention and control, crop rotation and interplanting and comprehensive prevention and control.
1. Chemical control
In the chemical control method, the control effects of different medicaments on banana vascular wilt are greatly different, and experiments on various medicaments such as Guo Lijia show that the control effect of prochloraz is optimal and two times of carbendazim and thiram are achieved. The existing banana cultivation method for preventing and controlling banana wilt is to treat soil of the whole land, the consumed medicines and materials are large, but the concentration on a unit area is not enough, and the effect is not obvious.
2. Biological control
At present, the biological control of banana vascular wilt achieves certain effect. By applying the biological organic fertilizer, the beneficial strains can be established to change the dominant microbial community of rhizosphere flora, so that the colonization of pathogens in the rhizosphere of bananas is reduced. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing is used for evaluating the soil microbial flora with the effect of inhibiting the blight, and the bacillus is found to be the dominant flora. The continuous application of the bio-organic fertilizer can increase the microbial species and the number of communities in the soil, induce the formation of stable and culturable bacterial metabolic potential, particularly the utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds, obviously reduce the disease incidence and increase the crop yield. Although the biological control improves the structure of the soil flora to a certain extent and achieves the effect of reducing morbidity, the effect is often unstable, and the biological control is effective in some areas and has an unsatisfactory effect in some areas.
Crop rotation and interplanting
The incidence of banana wilt can be obviously reduced by crop rotation and interplanting. In actual production in Guangdong province, the Chinese chive-planted land is found to have less occurrence of banana vascular wilt. Researches on Huang Yonghui and the like find that crop rotation of the Chinese chives, the scallion and the garlic can obviously reduce the incidence rate of banana vascular wilt, and simultaneously prove that substances capable of inhibiting the growth and spore germination of banana vascular wilt bacteria exist in overground parts and roots of the Chinese chives. The discovery of Huang Yonghong and the like shows that the leek extract can not only inhibit the germination of Foc4 spores and destroy the hypha structure of the spores, but also can generate high-efficiency killing action on the spores, and simultaneously, the discovery also shows that the number of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and the rhizosphere soil enzyme activity can be obviously improved by using the leek to treat the banana culture medium, and the blast disease incidence indexes of Brazil banana and Guangdong powder first banana after the blight bacteria are inoculated by the leek extract. Crop rotation and interplanting are environment-friendly measures for preventing and treating the blight, and have wide development prospects, but crop rotation needs more land to realize, and the requirement on continuous planting cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of threat of blight in the existing banana cultivation, the invention provides a method for cultivating bananas in a blight area by continuous cropping, which effectively avoids the threat of banana blight and improves crop rotation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for continuously cultivating bananas in a blight area comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a land block with relatively flat topography to build a garden and plough soil, and then dividing the land block into a planting area A and a rotation area B which are adjacent and spaced by using an isolation plate or a film in the soil;
(2) carrying out physical sterilization treatment on the soil of the planting area A and the rotation area B; the physical sterilization treatment comprises the steps of spraying with 100 ℃ boiled water and then covering the ground with a mulching film;
(3) uncovering the mulching film after the soil temperature is reduced to normal temperature, and carrying out chemical sterilization treatment; the chemical sterilization treatment is to wet the soil with 500 times of hymexazol solution;
(4) planting bananas in a planting area A in the first year, and planting Chinese chives in a rotation area B; isolating the soil of the banana planting holes by using a root limiter D (4), spraying and sterilizing each planting hole by using boiled water at 100 ℃, and then planting by using a wrapping device E;
(5) after the bananas are harvested in the second year, sterilizing the planting area A and the rotation area B according to the steps (2) and (3), and then converting into the rotation area B to plant the bananas and planting leeks in the planting area A according to the mode of the step (4);
(6) and planting bananas and Chinese chives alternately in the planting area A and the rotation area B every year.
Preferably, the water consumption for physical sterilization in the step (2) is 180-220L per square meter of soil;
preferably, the planting holes in the step (4) are sterilized by spraying 12-20L of 100 ℃ boiled water.
Preferably, the chemical sterilization dosage in the step (3) is 0.8-1.5L per square meter of soil.
Preferably, after the banana seedlings are removed from the seedling cup in the planting step (3), the banana seedlings are wrapped by a wrapping device E and then planted in the planting holes.
The banana planting and wrapping device E used in the invention is a patent previously applied by the inventor, the patent application number is CN202122230947.X, and the specific structure is shown in figure 3. This field planting parcel device E utilizes the parcel membrane to wrap up banana seedling root, can effectual protection banana seedling root system not destroyed, behind the parcel membrane parcel banana seedling, the release-slowing medicament release that its outer layer contains kills near blight germ, reduce germ concentration, the microbial inoculum of inlayer promotes banana seedling recovery growth, root system wound healing, the middle level degrades after a period, the healthy root system of recovering pierces through the wrapping material normal growth, the probability that blight germ infects has been reduced, effectively solved the field planting and made banana root system receive the damage, the problem that early stage is infected by blight germ in the soil easily.
Preferably, the root limiter D is a cylindrical tube with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 20 cm.
The root limiter D is used for limiting the excessive growth of the roots of the bananas, preventing the roots of the bananas from growing to the adjacent crop rotation areas B in series to influence the soil effectiveness of the crop rotation areas B, and preventing germs from spreading to the adjacent crop rotation areas B, so that the risk that the soil of the adjacent crop rotation areas B is infected by the germs is avoided.
Preferably, the planting and wrapping device E is made of degradable materials.
Preferably, the buried depth of the separator or membrane is 30 cm.
The isolation board is made of plastic plates and mainly aims at dividing the land into a plurality of planting areas; the membrane can prevent germs from spreading to the adjacent planting area A or crop rotation area B.
Preferably, the width of the planting area a and the rotation area B is 1m, and the interval between the adjacent planting area a and the rotation area B is also 1 m.
Preferably, the planting distance L for banana planting is 1.25 m.
The method carries out hot water sterilization on the soil in each area to quickly kill blight bacteria in the soil, continuously treats the soil with chemical agents, continuously reduces the content of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and plants the Chinese chives to inhibit the growth of the blight bacteria in the soil for a long time so as to further reduce the content of the pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, when the bananas are planted, the soil of the planting holes is isolated by the root limiter D, each planting hole is sprayed and sterilized by 15L of boiled water at 100 ℃, and a banana planting wrapping device E is adopted for carrying out non-damaged root planting (the banana seedlings are wrapped by the wrapping device E after being removed from a seedling cup and then planted in the planting holes), after 2 months of planting, the root limiter D is recovered, a series of soil treatments before planting are carried out, the content of pathogenic bacteria in local soil is far lower than the disease onset threshold value of the blight during banana planting, and the protection of the planting wrapping device can ensure that the blight of the bananas rarely occurs before harvesting.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention only carries out physical (hot water) and chemical (hymexazol) sterilization treatment on the soil of the planting area A and the rotation area B, the area needing to be treated is only half of that of the traditional method, and the cost is saved.
2. The invention adopts a wide-row and subarea planting method to plant bananas in the planting area, plant leeks in the rotation area, and separate 2 areas, thereby achieving the rotation effect and realizing the continuous cropping of bananas in the same plot.
3. The invention uses the root limiter D and the wrapping device E to plant banana seedlings, combines physical and chemical sterilization on soil, ensures that the content of pathogenic bacteria in local soil is far lower than the onset threshold of blight during banana planting, and can ensure that the blight rarely occurs before banana harvesting by the protection of the planting wrapping device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a division for first annual ring planting according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of banana colonization according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the planting and wrapping device E of the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows: 1-planting area A, 2-crop rotation area B, 3-isolation board or film, 4-root limiter D, 5-wrapping device E.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The variety planted in this example is gold powder No. 1.
(1) A land block with relatively flat terrain is selected to build a garden and plough soil, then an isolation plate 3 with the depth of 30cm is buried in the soil, the land block is divided into a planting area A and a rotation area B with the width of 1m, and the adjacent interval between the planting area A and the rotation area B is also 1m, as shown in figure 1.
(2) Carrying out physical sterilization treatment on the soil of the planting area A1 and the rotation area B2; the physical sterilization treatment comprises spraying 200L of 100 deg.C boiled water per square meter of soil, and covering the ground with a mulching film.
(3) Uncovering the mulching film after the soil temperature is reduced to normal temperature, and carrying out chemical sterilization treatment; the chemical sterilization treatment is to drench the soil with 1L of hymexazol 500 times solution per square meter of soil.
(4) Planting bananas in a planting area A1 in the first year, wherein the planting distance L is 1.25m, 133 bananas are planted in each mu, the soil of each planting hole is isolated by a root limiter D with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 20cm, each planting hole is sprayed and sterilized by 15L of 100 ℃ boiled water, and then planting is carried out by using a wrapping device E (after a banana seedling is removed from a seedling cup, the banana seedling is wrapped by the wrapping device E and then planted in the planting hole); after 2 months of field planting, recovering the root limiter D, and then performing field management on the bananas according to a conventional mode; and planting the Chinese chives in the rotation area B2, wherein 11100 plants are planted in each mu.
The root limiter D is a cylindrical pipe with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 20 cm; the planting and wrapping device E is made of degradable materials as shown in figure 3.
(5) After the bananas are harvested in the next year, the planting area A1 and the rotation area B2 are sterilized according to the step (2) and the step (3), then the bananas are planted in the rotation area B2 in a conversion mode according to the step (4), and the Chinese chives are planted in the planting area A1.
(6) And planting bananas and Chinese chives alternately in the planting area A1 and the rotation area B2 every year according to the method and managing.
The yield per mu in the second year after the banana planting is 5000 jin. The incidence rate of the wilt disease is 2.3 percent.
Example 2
The variety planted in this example is canna 1.
The specific planting method is the same as in example 1, wherein:
the physical sterilization treatment in the step (2) is that 220L of 100 ℃ boiled water is sprayed on each square meter of soil.
And (3) performing chemical sterilization treatment, namely wetting the soil by using 1.5L of hymexazol 500 times solution per square meter of soil.
And (4) spraying 20L of 100 ℃ boiled water for sterilization on each planting hole.
The yield per mu in the second year after the banana planting is 5500 jin. The incidence rate of the wilt disease is 1.5 percent.
Example 3
The variety planted in this example is a banana of Bao island.
The specific planting method is the same as in example 1, wherein:
the physical sterilization treatment in the step (2) is that 220L of 100 ℃ boiled water is sprayed on each square meter of soil.
And (3) performing chemical sterilization treatment, namely wetting the soil by using 1.5L of hymexazol 500 times solution per square meter of soil.
And (4) spraying 20L of 100 ℃ boiled water for sterilization on each planting hole.
The yield per mu in the second year after the banana planting is 5600 jin. The incidence rate of the wilt disease is 1 percent.
Comparative example 1
Planting variety Jinfen No. 1.
And (3) selecting a land block with flat terrain to build a garden and ploughing the soil, ditching and planting according to the row spacing of 2.5m and the plant spacing of 2m, planting 133 plants per mu, and applying 5 jin of organic fertilizer, 0.5 jin of compound fertilizer, 0.5 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 g of fosthiazate to each plant.
The yield per mu of the embodiment is 3200 jin, and only 80 strains can be collected, and the incidence rate of the blight is 39.8%. Because the incidence rate of the blight is high, the plantain cannot be planted continuously in the next year.
Comparative example 2
Planting variety canna indica 1.
And (3) selecting a land block with flat terrain to build a garden and ploughing the soil, ditching and planting according to the row spacing of 2.5m and the plant spacing of 1.8m, planting 148 plants per mu, and putting 5 jin of organic fertilizer, 0.5 jin of compound fertilizer, 0.5 jin of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 g of fosthiazate in each plant.
The yield per mu of the embodiment is 4000 jin, and only 100 strains can be collected, and the incidence rate of the blight is 32.4%. The incidence rate of the blight in the second year is increased to 56.2 percent, the yield per mu is only 3100 jin, and the banana planting can not be continued.
As can be seen from the data of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, the incidence of blight in banana planting is lower than that in conventional planting by the continuous cropping cultivation of the invention, and planting can be carried out continuously for years, and the mu yield of bananas is higher than that in conventional planting.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for continuously cultivating bananas in a blight area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a land block with flat terrain to build a garden and plough soil, and then dividing the land block into a planting area A (1) and a crop rotation area B (2) which are adjacent and spaced by using an isolation plate or a film (3) in the soil;
(2) carrying out physical sterilization treatment on the soil of the planting area A (1) and the rotation area B (2); the physical sterilization treatment comprises the steps of spraying with 100 ℃ boiled water and then covering the ground with a mulching film;
(3) uncovering the mulching film after the soil temperature is reduced to normal temperature, and carrying out chemical sterilization treatment; the chemical sterilization treatment is to wet the soil with 500 times of hymexazol solution;
(4) planting bananas in a planting area A (1) in the first year, and planting Chinese chives in a rotation area B (2); isolating the soil of the banana planting holes by using a root limiter D (4), spraying and sterilizing each planting hole by using boiled water at 100 ℃, and then planting by using a wrapping device E;
(5) after the bananas are harvested in the second year, sterilizing the planting area A (1) and the rotation area B (2) according to the steps (2) and (3), then converting into the rotation area B (2) to plant the bananas according to the mode of the step (4), and planting the Chinese chives in the planting area A (1);
(6) and planting bananas and Chinese chives alternately in the planting area A (1) and the rotation area B (2) every year according to the method.
2. The method for continuous cropping banana trees in a wilt area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water consumption for physical sterilization in the step (2) is 180-220L per square meter of soil.
3. The method for continuous cropping banana trees in a wilt area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) spraying 12-20L of 100 ℃ boiled water for sterilization on the planting holes.
4. The method for continuous cropping banana trees in a wilt area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the chemical sterilization dosage in the step (3) is 0.8-1.5L per square meter of soil.
5. The method for continuous cropping banana trees in a wilt area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) after the seedling cup is removed from the banana seedlings for field planting in the step (3), wrapping the banana seedlings by using a wrapping device E (5), and planting the banana seedlings into planting holes.
6. The method for continuous cropping banana trees in a wilt area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the root limiter D (5) is a cylindrical pipe with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 20 cm.
7. The method for continuous cropping banana with blight according to claim 3, characterized in that: the planting and wrapping device E (5) is made of degradable materials.
8. The method for continuous cropping banana with blight according to claim 1, characterized in that: the embedding depth of the isolation plate (3) or the membrane (4) is 30 cm.
9. The method for continuous cropping banana with blight according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the planting area A (1) and the crop rotation area B (2) is 1m, and the interval between the adjacent planting area A (1) and the crop rotation area B (2) is 1 m.
10. The method for continuous cropping banana with blight according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting distance L of the banana planting is 1.25 m.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114982565A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method of newly planted banana orchard |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114982565A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method of newly planted banana orchard |
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