CN103271095B - Composite microbial agent for preventing and treating fruit tree replant disease and disease prevention method thereof - Google Patents
Composite microbial agent for preventing and treating fruit tree replant disease and disease prevention method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree disease prevention and treatment and discloses a composite microbial agent for preventing and treating a fruit tree replant disease and a disease prevention method thereof. The composite microbial agent and the disease prevention method solve fruit tree disease problems. The composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing a spore bacterium mixed agent and photoautotrophic bacterium, heterotrophic bacterium, fungus and saccharomycete liquid cultures according to a certain ratio. The disease prevention method comprises the following steps of clearing old trees, restoring soil, digging planting holes, preparing fertilizer soil and the composite microbial agent, backfilling the planting holes, and carrying out watering, covering and planting. The disease prevention method does not adopt any pesticide and chemical agent and realizes nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free and no-residual fruit tree replant disease treatment. The composite microbial agent can kill pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs in soil, increases soil organic matters, removes toxins secreted by roots, changes phosphor and potassium elements which cannot be absorbed and used by plants into available substances, improves soil fertility, creates a suitable environment for fruit tree growth and development, improves a fruit tree seedling survival rate, improves a fruit tree growth rate and a yield and overcomes fruit tree replant disease harm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree to prevent and cure diseases technical field, be specifically related to a kind ofly prevent and treat complex micro organism fungicide and the disease-preventing method thereof that fruit tree replants disease.
Background technology
Fruit tree replants disease when referring to continue to plant same fruit tree or other fruit tree in the plot after old fruit tree is excavated, and the physiology occurred is hindered, and is commonly called as continuous cropping disease.In general, the continuous cropping that crops all exist in various degree is hindered, but annual crop as grain, vegetables etc. because growth cycle is short, it is very not remarkable that continuous cropping hinders performance.Fruit tree is perennial plant, grows year in year out in same place, and product term as best in seeds such as northern main fruit trees apple, pears, grape, peaches is about 20 years, once enter declining period, production declining, product quality are bad, low in economic efficiency, have to eliminate upgrade.But, just must there is serious replanting hinder if plant same fruit tree again in same plot, if replant other fruit tree, also can replant and hinder, but occurrence degree be lighter than same fruit tree.
Fruit tree is replanted disease and generally shows as after fruit tree plants, and plant strain growth is slow, and send out branch few, branch is short, and blade is little, not root of hair, the variable color of part root system cortex, and lose absorption function, until dead, lethality is higher, and survival rate is lower; Even if the fruit tree survived also shows growth retardation, be easy to old and feeble, result is slow, and result is few, and fruit quality is poor, and the result time limit is shorter; Resistance is poor, and damage by disease and insect is serious, and particularly rot morbidity early, and state of an illness weight, the life-span is short.The fruit trees such as apple, peach, pears, apricot, Lee, cherry, grape, walnut are replanted rear equal can replanting and hinder, and wherein apple tree and replanting of peach hinder performance the most seriously, generally cannot plant same fruit tree in plot, old orchard within 5 years.
The reason that fruit tree cultivating disease occurs is still not very clear, it is generally acknowledged: it is not that single factors causes that deciduous fruit tree replants disease, but the result of multi-factor comprehensive impact, according to current achievement in research, direct factor may have following several respects: (1), due to the former fruit tree planted, is fixed on the three unities growth for a long time, cause soil nutrient disequilibrium within the scope of root growth, cause some nutrient deficiency, and other nutritive elements are superfluous, affect the growth and development of fruit tree replanted.(2) front stubble fruit tree root system is in growing for many years, the metabolite such as phloridzin, phloretin that secretion release is a large amount of, noxious material can be produced through edaphon decomposition, and because of old orchard soil harden, poor aeration, hydrogen cyanide generating capacity is more, cause newly planting fruit tree root respiration and be subject to strong inhibition, thus the growth of fruit tree is replanted in strong suppression, the phloretin that such as apple tree root system produces and phloridzin, have strong inhibitory action to the growth of replanting apple seedling.(3) residue in the disease fungus in soil, pathogenetic bacteria and actinomycetes, pathogenic nematode to make newly to plant fruit tree and endangered.The way of current useful pesticide-treated soil, the way effect of many fertilises are not clearly.So peasant has to after eliminating old fruit tree abandon raising fruit trees again, other crop can only be replanted.In the middle of production reality, replant disease bring serious economic loss to peasant.But there is no at present and thoroughly eradicate the good method that fruit tree replants disease, fruit tree can be overcome so study to replant the method for disease significant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to solve the problem of fruit tree cultivating disease, provides and a kind ofly prevents and treats complex micro organism fungicide and the disease-preventing method thereof that fruit tree replants disease.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind ofly prevent and treat the complex micro organism fungicide that fruit tree replants disease, it is by A:30% bacillus, B:10% pseudomonad, C:15% streptomycete, D:10% saccharomycete, E:10% Trichoderma, F:12% Aspergillus, other fungies of G:13% mix in the ratio of 3:2:1:1:1:1:1, and wherein said A is: bacillus thuringiensis (
bacillus thuringiensi), bacillus amyloliquefaciens (
bacillus Amyloliquefaciens), bacillus subtilis (
bacillus subtilis), colloid bacillus cereus (
bacillus mucilaginosus), bacillus licheniformis (
bacillus licheniformis) be by volume respectively 0.1% ratio inoculation Dual culture 48 hours; Described B is: Rhodopseudomonas palustris (
rhodopeudomonas palustris) be by volume 0.5% the independent illumination cultivation of inoculum concentration 5 days, the pseudomonad that grows nonparasitically upon another plant (
pseudomonassp.) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 36 hours, mix by 1:1 volume ratio; Described C be styreptomyces globispotus strain (
streptomyces globisporus) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 48 hours; Described D be candida tropicalis (
candida tropicalis) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 48 hours; Described E is: Switzerland's wood mould (
trichoderma reesei), potassium decomposing wood mould (
trichoderma spp) be by volume respectively 0.2% inoculum concentration Dual culture 48 hours; Described F is: phosphorus decomposing aspergillus niger (
aspergillus fumigalus), penicillium oxalicum (
penicillium oxalicumcurrie & Thom) be by volume respectively 0.25% inoculum concentration Dual culture 72 hours; Described G is: phosphorus decomposing head mold (
rhizopy) be by volume 0.6% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 72 hours, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (
glomus mosseae) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 60 hours, mix in 6:7 ratio; In described complex micro organism fungicide, effective active bacterium number total amount>=10 of bacterium
8cfu/ml, mould bacteria biomass>=0.025g/ml or 0.25g/g.Above-mentioned bacterial classification all adopts liquid shaking table cultivation to cultivate preparation, and inoculum concentration is volume ratio.Above-mentioned culture, according to the obtained fluid product of volume ratio mixing, by centrifugal, freeze drying, obtains solid product according to weight ratio mixing.Above-mentioned all bacterial classifications all can be buied from market, and its specification meets national sector standard, and bacterial classification conventionally prepares, and product can be made into liquid, also can be made into solid.
In described complex micro organism fungicide, effective active bacterium number total amount>=10 of bacterium
8cfu/ml, mould bacteria biomass>=0.025g/ml or 0.25g/g.
The effect of microorganism is the toxin decomposing the residual body of former fruit tree root system and secretion, quick composting organic manure Sum decomposition organic matter, soil physical chemistry structure in hole is improved, extra-nutrition element; Suppress residual pathogen.Present invention applicant, through repeatedly putting into practice and summarizing the experience, draws optimum formula and the proportioning of complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention, has the toxin decomposing the residual body of former fruit tree root system and secretion, the multi-efficiency of Rapid Fermentation, decomposition, converting organic.Antibiotic, antibacterial material, metabolite etc. that wherein secreted from bacillus is a large amount of, plant insect in the common disease fungus of some plants of effective suppression, pathogenetic bacteria and soil, the material that organic acid, amino acid, polysaccharide, hormone and multiple enzyme etc. are conducive to plant absorption and utilization is produced in growth and breeding process, promote the conversion of soil inavailable phosphorus potassium, increase the supply of soil phophorus potassium, improve crop yield; Rhodopseudomonas palustris utilizes soil with organic matter, fertilizer changes into the nutriment being conducive to plant growth; The pseudomonad that grows nonparasitically upon another plant promotes the conversion of invalid phosphorus in soil, increases the supply being beneficial to the phosphorus of plant absorption in soil; The antibiotic of styreptomyces globispotus strain secretion, effectively suppresses some phytopathogens, and can rotten, the absorption of vegeto-animal residual body, then changes into the nutriment being conducive to plant growth; Saccharomycete is Rapid Fermentation, heating mainly, creates the environment being conducive to the growth of other microbial reproductions; Switzerland's wood is mould can utilize several kinds of carbon source and nitrogenous source growth, different vegetable material of can degrading; The form that potassium decomposing wood is mould, insoluble phosphorus in soil, potassium Substance Transformation can be become to be conducive to plant absorption by phosphorus decomposing aspergillus niger, penicillium oxalicum, phosphorus decomposing head mold; The outer mycelia of root of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi prosperity can help fruit tree to absorb moisture and mineral nutrition, improves water metabolism, regulates the physiological reaction of fruit tree, as promoted fruit tree growth, strengthening fruit tree resistance etc.
The complex micro organism fungicide utilizing above-mentioned control fruit tree to replant disease overcomes the method that fruit tree replants disease, comprises the steps: that (1) clears up old tree, revises soil: the fruit tree will eliminating renewal has been grubbed out and transported, remove larger root system, cleaning orchard, levels land, finishing orchard facility; (2) dig field planting hole: according to the planting distance of the fruit tree that will plant and design, measure and determine that each field planting cheat, and make marks in the middle position in field planting hole, field planting point digs field planting and cheats; (3) preparation of fertilizer soil: organic manure, organic matter, mellow soil mix stand-by with volume ratio 1:1:1; (4) preparation of complex micro organism fungicide: complex micro organism fungicide dilute with water 5 ~ 10 times is stand-by; (5) field planting hole backfill: by complex micro organism fungicide dilution and fertilizer soil Homogeneous phase mixing, insert in hole, or the fertilizer soil of mixing is inserted in hole, often apply the thick fertilizer soil of 20cm evenly to splash about 1 ~ 2L complex micro organism fungicide dilution, dividing applies complex micro organism fungicide dilution in hole 5 times equably, finally hole is filled and led up, then bedding on hole, the wide energy of furrow holds lower near coal-mine wide; (6) water, cover: pour water in furrow or only pour water in field planting hole, until be seeped into the bottom under underground water, the moment keeps ground moistening, makes the humidity of soil reach 100%; Ooze rear timely plastic mulching under moisture near coal-mine, mulch film size will exceed near coal-mine surrounding 50cm; (7) field planting: remove mulch film before transplanting fruit tree, naturally drop to after normal temperature until ground temperature and raise fruit trees.
Described field planting hole size is 1m × 1m × 1m, it is 1L that described complex micro organism fungicide stoste often cheats consumption, and described organic manure is semi supplied manure, and described organic matter is the broken end of agricultural crop straw or sawdust, described mellow soil is the soil of the following 30cm in surface, arable land, and it is 1m that described fertilizer soil often cheats consumption
3; Optimization process period is 6-8 month, and optimization process duration is for continuing 2 months.Optimization process duration of the present invention continues 2 months after referring to plastic mulching, then removing ground transplanting membrane fruit tree field planting.If when needing process winter, get out complex micro organism fungicide and fertilizer soil, after digging tree autumn, by complex micro organism fungicide and fertilizer soil process field planting hole, plastic mulching, before transplanting fruit tree, removing mulch film, naturally drops to after normal temperature until ground temperature and raises fruit trees.
The complex micro organism fungicide utilizing control fruit tree to replant disease of the present invention overcomes the method that fruit tree replants disease, is the technology of carrying out local soil reparation and sterilization with one group of complex micro organism fungicide.Dig fruit tree field planting hole (long × wide × dark=1m × 1m × 1m) in advance, in field planting hole, applied the fertilizer, organic matter, soil and the complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention that mix, carry out cheating interior reparation and sterilization, improve soil and increase fertility.Fertilizer is semi supplied manure, night soil, pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, sheep excrement; Organic matter is broken end or the sawdust of the agricultural crop straws such as corn straw, rice straw, straw; Soil is mellow soil, the soil of the following 30cm in surface that namely ploughs; 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1 mixes by volume, often cheats the about 1m of consumption
3.1L complex micro organism fungicide is used in each field planting hole, complex micro organism fungicide is diluted with water to 5 ~ 10 times, then by itself and above-mentioned semi supplied manure, organic matter and mellow soil Homogeneous phase mixing, applies in hole.Then fill with permeable in hole, plastic mulching near coal-mine maintenance hole humidity.Continue 2 months, the harmful substance in soil can be decomposed by microorganism, also can suppress the germ in soil, can thoroughly overcome fruit tree cultivating disease.
Of the present invention overcome effect that fruit tree replants disease be according to pedo relict sex pheromone, root system secretion harmful substance, soil nutrient is unbalance is cause the main cause that fruit tree replants disease: the effect of (1) complex micro organism fungicide: bacillus in complex micro organism fungicide, saccharomycete has makes organic Rapid Fermentation, rot, the function of decomposition.Meanwhile, bacillus can decompose the organic substance of root system secretion, and its toxin is degraded; Phosphorus decomposing and potassium solubilizing bacteria can discharge the phosphorus that can not be absorbed and used by plants in soil, potassium element, become and can utilize form, under the acting in conjunction of several microorganism, the ecotope of microorganism in hole can be improved, beneficial microbe is grown in a large number, suppress harmful microbe breeding, form a benign cycle system.(2) principle of partly sterilised.Fruit is perennial woody plant, and its root system is dark and extensively, will carry out deep soil sterilization comprehensively and improve soil regime accomplishing, so can only carry out partly sterilised, utilizes large field planting to cheat and carries out cheating the process that interior soil treatment is exactly partly sterilised.(3) in field planting hole, organic manure and organic matter is applied, extra-nutrition element.(4) process of fermentable decomposing organic matter makes the temperature in field planting hole raise rapidly, add the radiation of solar energy, temperature can be made in hole higher than temperature, be conducive to the activity of cheating interior microorganism, thus suppress the growth and breeding of pathogenic fungi in hole, pathogenetic bacteria and the pathogen such as actinomycetes, pathogenic nematode.So just create the environment being suitable for growth and development of fruit tree of a local, planting fruit tree seedling survival rate is high, and growth is fast and neatly, overcome the harm of replanting disease.Although temporarily fail to eliminate those pathogenies of planting beyond tree well in soil, along with the activity of annual soil cultivation and edaphon, their can be eliminated by natural decomposition year by year, until after 3 ~ 5 years, fruit tree has grown up, soil is also no problem.
In a word, the present invention is that one need not any agricultural chemicals, chemical agent, nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free, noresidue overcome the method that fruit tree replants disease, the pathogen in soil, worm's ovum etc. are killed, add soil organic matter, degrade the toxin of root system secretion, the phosphorus making to be absorbed and used by plants, potassium element become and can utilize form, add soil fertility, control environment is created to growth and development of fruit tree, make planting fruit tree seedling survival rate high, growth is fast and output is high, overcomes the harm that fruit tree replants disease.
Embodiment
A kind ofly prevent and treat the complex micro organism fungicide that fruit tree replants disease, by A:30% bacillus, B:10% pseudomonad, C:15% streptomycete, D:10% saccharomycete, E:10% Trichoderma, F:12% Aspergillus, other fungies of G:13% mix in the ratio of 3:2:1:1:1:1:1, and wherein said A is: bacillus thuringiensis (
bacillus thuringiensi), bacillus amyloliquefaciens (
bacillus Amyloliquefaciens), bacillus subtilis (
bacillus subtilis), colloid bacillus cereus (
bacillus mucilaginosus), bacillus licheniformis (
bacillus licheniformis) inoculate Dual culture 48 hours in 0.1% ratio respectively; Described B is: Rhodopseudomonas palustris (
rhodopeudomonas palustris) by the independent illumination cultivation of 0.5% inoculum concentration 5 days, the pseudomonad that grows nonparasitically upon another plant (
pseudomonassp.) cultivate separately 36 hours by 0.5% inoculum concentration, mix in 1:1 ratio; Described C be styreptomyces globispotus strain (
streptomyces globisporus) cultivate separately 48 hours by 0.5% inoculum concentration; Described D be candida tropicalis (
candida tropicalis) cultivate separately 48 hours by 0.5% inoculum concentration; Described E is: Switzerland's wood mould (
trichoderma reesei), potassium decomposing wood mould (
trichoderma spp) press 0.2% inoculum concentration Dual culture 48 hours respectively; Described F is: phosphorus decomposing aspergillus niger (
aspergillus fumigalus), penicillium oxalicum (
penicillium oxalicumcurrie & Thom) press 0.25% inoculum concentration Dual culture 72 hours respectively; Described G is: phosphorus decomposing head mold (
rhizopy) cultivate separately 72 hours by 0.6% inoculum concentration, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (
glomus mosseae) cultivate separately 60 hours by 0.5% inoculum concentration, mix in 6:7 ratio.
Above-mentioned bacterial classification inoculated and cultured by volume, mixes by liquid culture volume ratio and is final product, and product is liquid, and every class bacterial classification can adopt following common method to cultivate:
Tube propagation, for the going down to posterity of bacterial classification, preserve, used medium is with conventional bacterium, actinomycetes, fungi (Experiment on Microbiology book has annex), and cultivation temperature is 28-30 degree;
Bacterial classification 500ml shaking flask liquid culture: for the preparation of microbial bacterial agent, strain inoculation is in the triangular flask that the corresponding culture fluid of 300ml is housed, and shaking table is cultivated, and medium, temperature are the same, rotating speed 100-150rpm.
The complex micro organism fungicide utilizing control fruit tree to replant disease overcomes the method that fruit tree replants disease, comprise the steps: that (1) clears up old tree, revise soil: 6 ~ August of selection is toeatment period, the fruit tree will eliminating renewal has been grubbed out and has transported, remove larger root system, cleaning orchard, levels land, finishing orchard facility; (2) dig field planting hole: according to the planting distance of the fruit tree that will plant and design, measure and determine that each field planting cheat, and carry out mark in the middle position in field planting hole, it is that the field planting of 1m × 1m × 1m is cheated that field planting point digs size; (3) preparation of fertilizer soil: the soil of 30cm below organic manure, organic matter, surface, arable land mixes stand-by with volume ratio 1:1:1; (4) preparation of complex micro organism fungicide: 1L complex micro organism fungicide is used, by stand-by for its dilute with water 5 ~ 10 times in each field planting hole; (5) field planting hole backfill: the fertilizer soil mixed is inserted in hole, often apply the fertilizer soil that 20cm is thick, evenly to splash 1 ~ 2L complex micro organism fungicide dilution, dividing applies complex micro organism fungicide dilution in hole 5 times equably, finally hole is filled and led up, then bedding on hole, the wide energy of furrow holds lower near coal-mine wide; (6) water, cover: pour water in furrow or only pour water in field planting hole, until underground water full and under be seeped into the bottom, the moment keeps ground moistening, makes the humidity of soil reach 100%; Ooze rear timely plastic mulching under moisture near coal-mine, mulch film size will exceed near coal-mine surrounding 50cm; (7) field planting: in hole, soil temperature rises to more than 50 DEG C, process continues 2 months, and before transplanting fruit tree, removing mulch film, naturally drops to after normal temperature until ground temperature and raise fruit trees.
In conjunction with following experimental example to complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention and overcome the method that fruit tree replants disease and be described further:
Experimental example 1: complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention is to the effect overcoming apple replant disease
Apple is the seeds that in northern China deciduous fruit tree, area is maximum, output is maximum, and major production areas is distributed in the provinces such as Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Liaoning.The natural life-span of apple tree, Production Life was at about 50 years, and best Production Life is about 30 years more than 100 years.At present, the apple tree of China about about 80% plants in the eighties of eighties of last century Initial stages for reform and opening-up, will enter declining period successively, needs to eliminate to upgrade.But when apple tree upgrades, after veteran is cut down in old orchard, it is lower that new apple of again planting tree often shows planting survival rate; Fruit tree growth after surviving is slow, and amount of growth is little, and plant is short and small; Root growth is bad, and fibrous root is few, absorbs nutrient ability weak; After entering fruiting period, yield positive results few, yield poorly, tree body is weak, even if strengthen rich water quality management and timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests, effect is also not obvious.This apple tree disease of planting greatly have impact on the sustainable development of Apple Industry, have impact on the income of peasant.
In the apple orchard of a life in 30 years, kind has Fuji apple, Qiao Najin, area 16 mu, and planting density is 2m × 4m, every mu of 83 strains.Because orchard planting density is large, canopy, rot is serious, best high yield period mistake, so will veteran be excavated, displant apple sapling.After diging up veteran the winter of 2005, smooth soil, is provided with 2 test process: soil treatment in having been undertaken cheating by operation sequence of the present invention in July, (1) 2006, treelet of having planted spring in next year, totally 10 mu.(2) dig pit simultaneously, apply identical organic manure simultaneously in hole, original soil backfills, and does not carry out any soil treatment, plants spring in next year simultaneously, totally 6 mu.The treelet planted is Fuji apple and the Gala apple kind of life in 2 years, treelet rhizome position rugosity diameter 1cm, height 1.5m, heading height 1m, planting density 3m × 4m, every mu of 55 strains.The soybean of plantation in the ranks not having field planting to cheat in 2006.Other management is consistent.
Specific experiment result is as follows:
As shown in table 1; after soil in complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention and method process field planting hole and hole; from the apple sapling survival rate of again planting, grow and the aspect such as output; all significantly be better than control treatment, without any the performance of cultivating disease, and control treatment survival rate is low, growth slowly; height differs; size is irregular, yields positive results late, all shows obvious cultivating disease.Specifically overcome the cultivating disease of apple from some proof following complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention and method comprehensively.
(1) survival rate is high.After planting with the apple sapling of this method process, survival rate is high, reaches 100% survive, and undressed survival rate First Year 62%, still have death to Second Year and the 3rd year, final survival rate 55%.
(2) growth is fast.Fast with the Apple Growth of this method process, no matter be that the height of tree or trunk rugosity are significantly greater than contrast, within 3 years, just grown to object height 3.5m, control the height of tree by pruning is every year 3.5m later.And within undressed 6th year, just grow to 2.8m, and branch is thin and delicate, and tree body is weak unhealthy.
(3) setting body is shaped fast.Due to fast with the Apple Growth of this method process, branch amount is many, and tree crown expansion is fast, and tree-shaped is shaped fast, within 3 years, just basically forms target tree crown size, and tree crown growth is neat, in the same size, very healthy and strong.And within undressed 6th year, do not form target tree crown yet, and grow inconsistent, size is uneven, thin and weak inequality.
(4) yield positive results soon.Within 18%, five year, reach 100% by apple tree the 3rd year Flowering and fruiting strain rate of this method process, and undressed 5th year Flowering and fruiting strain rate just has 3%.
(5) output is high.Within 4th year, have output with the apple tree of this method process, the 5th annual every mu reaches 1200 kilograms, within the 6th year, rise to 2370 kilograms, and undressed 7th year just starts there is output.Both output differences are larger.
Experimental example 2: complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention replants the effect of disease to overcoming peach
Peach is also replant one of the most serious fruit tree of disease performance.Its reveal any symptoms is similar to apple, and the treelet phenomena of mortality are outstanding, root system agensis, poor growth, to enter fruiting period slow, yield poorly, can not get due profit return.
Process peach garden is 28 years raw dense planting peach gardens (the large Kubo of main breed), area 6 mu, planting distance 2m × 3m, every mu of 111 strains, extensive management, and tree crown is airtight, and damage by disease and insect is serious, and tree body is weak, and output and quality is low, and economic benefit is not high, needs to eliminate to upgrade.
Process 1: after excavating veteran in 2006, dig field planting hole in original place by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, size is 1m × 1m × 1m, carries out cheating interior complex micro organism fungicide process July according to this method, to plant spring in next year Young peach trees (Chuan Zhongdao, peento), totally 4 mu.
Process 2: after excavating veteran in 2006, plantation soybean is increased soil fertility 1 year, and spring in next year digs field planting hole in original place by the seeding row spacing of 3m × 3m, and size is 1m × 1m × 1m, applies farmyard manure 50 kilograms/hole, Young peach trees of then planting (Chuan Zhongdao, peento), totally 2 mu.
Specific experiment result is as follows:
Two process when planting of nursery stock size are consistent, and height of seedling 80 ~ 100cm, as shown in table 2, after field planting in spring in 2007, survival rate process 1 is 98%, higher than process 2 by 26%.Stop growing autumn the " Invest, Then Investigate " height of tree, processes the average 1.6m of 1 height of tree, within 3 years, just reach object height 2.6 meters, is trained happy property due to tree-like, by pruning, the height of tree controlled at object height later.The process 2 then height of tree is 1.3m, within the 5th year, just reaches 2.6 meters.Crown diameter process 1 reaches target sizes 3.0 meters on the 4th year, processes and reaches 3 meters in 2 the 5th years.Start result time-triggered protocol 1 the 3rd year, process 2 the 4th years.Processing 1 output rises fast, and the 4th year higher 6 times than contrast, within the 5th year, is 2.44 times of contrast.Process 1 is acted normally completely, and do not replant disease phenomenon and occur, process 2 survival rates low, growth is slow, and result is slow, typically replants evil of being critically ill.
Prove from the above results, peach cultivating disease can be overcome completely by this complex micro organism fungicide and method.
Adopt complex micro organism fungicide of the present invention and processing method to be applied to the plantation of other fruit trees, through practical proof, there is effect that disease is replanted in control equally.
Claims (5)
1. prevent and treat the complex micro organism fungicide that fruit tree replants disease for one kind, it is characterized in that: described complex micro organism fungicide is by A:30% bacillus, B:10% pseudomonad, C:15% streptomycete, D:10% saccharomycete, E:10% Trichoderma, F:12% Aspergillus, other fungies of G:13% mix, and wherein said A is: bacillus thuringiensis (
bacillus thuringiensi), bacillus amyloliquefaciens (
bacillus Amyloliquefaciens), bacillus subtilis (
bacillus subtilis), colloid bacillus cereus (
bacillus mucilaginosus), bacillus licheniformis (
bacillus licheniformis) be by volume respectively 0.1% ratio inoculation Dual culture 48 hours; Described B is: Rhodopseudomonas palustris (
rhodopeudomonas palustris) be by volume 0.5% the independent illumination cultivation of inoculum concentration 5 days, the pseudomonad that grows nonparasitically upon another plant (
pseudomonassp.) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 36 hours, mix by 1:1 volume ratio; Described C be styreptomyces globispotus strain (
streptomyces globisporus) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 48 hours; Described D be candida tropicalis (
candida tropicalis) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 48 hours; Described E is: Switzerland's wood mould (
trichoderma reesei), potassium decomposing wood mould (
trichoderma spp) be by volume respectively 0.2% inoculum concentration Dual culture 48 hours; Described F is: phosphorus decomposing aspergillus niger (
aspergillus fumigalus), penicillium oxalicum (
penicillium oxalicumcurrie & Thom) be by volume respectively 0.25% inoculum concentration Dual culture 72 hours; Described G is: phosphorus decomposing head mold (
rhizopy) be by volume 0.6% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 72 hours, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (
glomus mosseae) be by volume 0.5% inoculum concentration cultivate separately 60 hours, mix in 6:7 ratio; In described complex micro organism fungicide, effective active bacterium number total amount>=10 of bacterium
8cfu/ml, mould bacteria biomass>=0.025g/ml or 0.25g/g.
2. the complex micro organism fungicide utilizing the control fruit tree described in the claims 1 to replant disease overcomes the method that fruit tree replants disease, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) clear up old tree, revise soil: the fruit tree will eliminating renewal has been grubbed out and transported, and removes larger root system, clear up orchard, level land, repair orchard facility;
(2) dig field planting hole: according to the planting distance of the fruit tree that will plant and design, measure and determine that each field planting cheat, and make marks in the middle position in field planting hole, field planting point digs field planting and cheats;
(3) preparation of fertilizer soil: organic manure, organic matter, mellow soil mix stand-by with volume ratio 1:1:1;
(4) preparation of microbial bacterial agent: microbial bacterial agent dilute with water 5 ~ 10 times is stand-by;
(5) field planting hole backfill: by microbial bacterial agent dilution and fertilizer soil Homogeneous phase mixing, insert in hole, or the fertilizer soil of mixing is inserted in hole, often apply the thick fertilizer soil of 20cm evenly to splash about 1 ~ 2L microbial bacterial agent dilution, dividing applies microbial bacterial agent dilution in hole 5 times equably, finally hole is filled and led up, then bedding on hole, the wide energy of furrow holds lower near coal-mine wide;
(6) water, cover: pour water in furrow or only pour water in field planting hole, until be seeped into the bottom under underground water, the moment keeps ground moistening, makes the humidity of soil reach 100%; Ooze rear timely plastic mulching under moisture near coal-mine, mulch film size will exceed near coal-mine surrounding 50cm;
(7) field planting: remove mulch film before transplanting fruit tree, naturally drop to after normal temperature until ground temperature and raise fruit trees.
3. the complex micro organism fungicide utilizing control fruit tree to replant disease according to claim 2 overcomes the method that fruit tree replants disease, it is characterized in that: described field planting hole size is 1m × 1m × 1m.
4. the complex micro organism fungicide utilizing control fruit tree to replant disease according to claim 2 overcomes the method that fruit tree replants disease, it is characterized in that: it is 1L that described microbial bacterial agent stoste often cheats consumption.
5. the complex micro organism fungicide utilizing control fruit tree to replant disease according to claim 2 carries out preventing and treating the method that fruit tree replants disease, it is characterized in that: described organic manure is semi supplied manure, described organic matter is the broken end of agricultural crop straw or sawdust, described mellow soil is the soil of the following 30cm in surface, arable land, and it is 1m that described fertilizer soil often cheats consumption
3.
6.the complex micro organism fungicide utilizing control fruit tree to replant disease according to claim 2 carries out preventing and treating the method that fruit tree replants disease, it is characterized in that: optimization process period is 6-8 month, and optimization process duration is lasting 2 months.
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| CN113950923B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-05-02 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | Method for improving continuous cropping resistance of peach tree |
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