CN107409706A - A kind of method for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it comprises the following steps：(1) seedling matrix is allocated；(2) seedling is cultivated in pack：After true seed is germinateed, nutrient bag is transplanted to, water of drenching, normal temperature is cultivated, and it is the urea liquid drenched week about after 50~60%, 7 days one time 0.8~1.0% that water drenching in the future, which keeps soil humidity, is sprayed 2~3 times；Sprayed with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and 200~300 times of Biotrol BTVs of 3000~5000 times of liquid after 10 days, sprayed again once after 20 days；(3) hardening；(4) crop field is transplanted.Bactericide etc. is sprayed to reduce the lesion of seedling during the present invention when seedling matrix is allocated by adding insecticide, seedling has on culture, improves insect pest ability, is laid the foundation to improve seedling transplanting survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant sexual reproduction technique field, and in particular to the breeding method of cassava seedling.
Background technology
Cassava is Euphorbiaceae casava, originates in South America Amazon River basin, perennial shrub, and underground growth is rich in
The root tuber of starch, higher biomass can be obtained, be referred to as " pioneer crop " and " reclamation of wasteland crop ", it is arranged side by side with sweet potato, potato
For three big tuber crops of the world.Cassava is slightly raw easily to be planted, and is typical tropical crops, has high starch accumulation, drought resisting and impoverishment tolerant etc.
Prominent biological characteristics, pest and disease damage is less, from 30 ° of south latitude to 30 ° of north latitude, below height above sea level 1500m, year samming 18 DEG C with
Upper, 240 days frost-free periods, more than annual rainfall 400mm wide geographic area are distributed, and cassava stem is made up of section and internode, stalk
Growing height then is up to 1-5m, diameter 1-4cm；Blade is single leaf alternate, and palmate drastic crack is into 5,7,9 leaflets；Flower is circular cone
Inflorescence, at stem end, bifurcation extracts flower spike out, and male flower life on top, and female flower life and can obtained within 2~3 months in bottom, Post flowering
Fruit, fruit are capsule, and seed is kidney shape, and kind skin is hard, in ash or black.
With the rapid growth of China's energy demand, cassava has turned into the important money of China's Biomass Energy Industry development
Source, Cassava industry gradually change from the primary stage to Rapid development stage, and Commercialization Trends are accelerated, and processing industry raw materials requirement is prosperous
Contain.But the average per unit area yield of Guangxi cassava fresh sweet potato, quality are still in reduced levels, it is difficult to adapt to what current Cassava industry further developed
Need.Obviously, by cassava crossbreeding, high yield, strong stress resistance and the adaptability of suitable local environment weather conditions are selected
Wide improved Varieties, it is the key problem that current Guangxi cassava system needs to solve.Wherein this ring of cassava seedling breeding
Save also extremely important, how to improve cassava percentage of seedgermination, seedling transplanting survival rate, provided for breed breeding more, more strong
Strong seedling, and one of key technology.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, by allotment seedling
Addition insecticide, seedling spray bactericide etc. to reduce the lesion of seedling during having on culture when matrix, improve pest-resistant
Evil ability, laid the foundation to improve seedling transplanting survival rate.
A kind of method for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, comprises the following steps：
(1) seedling matrix is allocated：In pond sludge, table soil, organic fertilizer, the ratio mixed preparing that river sand is 3~5: 1: 1: 1
The Nutrition Soil penetrating into moisturizing, is sufficiently stirred, and mixes 1~2g 50% wettable powder of carbendazim by every square metre of soil, and sealing 5~
7 days, using preceding unlimited ventilation 3~5 days, load nutrient bag；
(2) seedling is cultivated in pack：After true seed is germinateed, treat that seedling true leaf is fully deployed, be transplanted to nutrient bag, children
It is 2~3cm that seedling root, which is buried to matrix depth, one bag one plant, water of drenching, is positioned over normal temperature under sunshade and cultivates, water drenching in the future is protected
Hold the urea liquid that soil humidity is spray 0.8~1.0% after 50~60%, 7 days and carry out seedling foliage spray, later every 7
Its spray once, sprays 2~3 times until transplanting crop field；With the 1.8% AVM breast of 3000~5000 times of liquid after cultivating 10 days
Oil and 200~300 times of Biotrol BTVs are sprayed, and are sprayed again once after 20 days；
(3) hardening：Shifting sunshade net is taken off after 20 days, continues hardening and cultivates 5~7 days, can when seedling grows up to 25~30cm
Go out garden field planting crop field；Seedling is gradually tempered before field planting, resistivity of the seedling to poor environment can be not only improved, make seedling
Cold hardiness and Drought hardiness enhancing, and slow seedling is fast after the Seeding planting of exercise, tiller is early；
(4) crop field is transplanted：Using line-spacing as 80~100cm, spacing in the rows is 40~50cm by sprigging to existing irrigation conditions
The plot crop field of and can water drainage, drenches sufficient root water after transplanting, it is that routinely field is managed after 70~80%, 5~7 days to keep humidity
Reason, strengthen water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
As the preferred of technical scheme, the urea liquid that spray 0.8% after 7 days in seedling is cultivated in pack carries out seedling leaf
Face top dressing, spray 2~3 times until transplanting crop field later spray every 7 days once；With 1.8% AVM hereinafter of 5000 times of liquid after 10 days
Rhzomorph missible oil and 200 times of Biotrol BTVs are sprayed, and are sprayed again once after 20 days.
Using 0.8% urea liquid as foliage spray in the present invention, first, the urea of low concentration can promote blade
Growth, root system is healthy and strong, improves transplanting survival rate, second, avoiding fertilising is excessive from causing slightly seedling.
Stomach can be played to the Tetranychus cinnabarinus for endangering cassava using 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 5000 times of liquid in the present invention
There is paralysis symptom in poison and action of contace poison, insect, and inactive, not feeding, death is so as to reach vermins-proof effect after 2~4 days, reduction
The influence of insect, transplanting survival rate is improved, while the insecticide of this concentration is to seedling fanout free region itself.The Dipel
A kind of microbial insecticide, using 200 times of liquid, its caused toxin can make insect stop feeding, last insect because hungry and
Death avoids insect from gnawing and bites seedling, influence transplanting survival rate, while the insecticide of this concentration is to children so as to reach vermins-proof effect
Seedling fanout free region itself.
As the preferred of technical scheme, the pond sludge that the present invention uses is that natural drying is smashed after 6~8 months through pulverizer
Outmoded pond sludge.Table soil is the region of 15~20cm at the top of soil, contains more organic matter and microorganism.The average grain diameter of river sand is
0.35~0.50mm.
As the preferred of technical scheme, for the pH value of the organic fertilizer between 6.5~7.5, nutrient content is organic matter
10%~15%, full nitrogen 0.6%~0.9%, phosphoric acid 0.3%~0.6%, potassium oxide 1.0%~1.5%, available nitrogen 280~
300ppm, 80~100ppm of rapid available phosphorus, 300~320ppm of available potassium.
As the preferred of technical scheme, 20~25kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in the crop field before field planting, with every mu of crop field
Make base manure, the condition that plantation is re-used as after dragging for is mixed with planting ditch mud.Nitrogen in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used, phosphorus, potassium weight ratio for
15∶15∶15。
As the preferred of technical scheme, chosen seeds, hoted water treatment of seeds and presprouting of seeds before allocating seedling matrix.
Seed selection, the fruit of mature and plump is harvested, put shady place drying, seed ejects after fruit bursts naturally, chooses particle
Full seed.In seed: water=1: seed is dipped into water and stirred by 5 ratio, after ten minutes, still float over water
Most of seed on face is hollow, abandons, chooses the seed sunk to the bottom and be used as breeding material.
Hot water treatment of seeds, the cassava seed sunk to the bottom loading mesh bag is tightened into sack, it is small to be put into immersion 7 in 30 DEG C of thermostat water baths
The processing of Shi Jinhang lukewarm waters, seed absorption speed can be accelerated by hoting water treatment of seeds, and shorten germination and seedling-growing time.
Presprouting of seeds, the seed after lukewarm water immersion are sowed using sand bed, take clean pure thin river sand to be placed in 45*35*7cm's
In pallet, seed point is sowed in sand bed, from Shamian Island about 1.0cm, seed is sprouted in 30 DEG C, the artificial climate culture of 70% humidity
Carried out in case, during which keep sand bed moistening, seed is entered after lukewarm water processing suctions moisture by the suitable condition of manual control
Row vernalization can promote the nutrient in seed to decompose operating rapidly, for rataria growth needed for, and then accelerate germination speed.
The average grain diameter of the pure thin river sand is 0.25~0.35mm；A length of 40~45cm of pallet, a width of 30~35cm, a height of 7~
10cm。
The sunshade used in the present invention is to do skeleton as support, the special steel-plastics composite pipe of greenhouse with cement post, top
Portion is curved, and span is in 10m, and the standard width of a room in an old-style house is in 4m or so, eaves height 3m.Surrounding gravity-flow ventilation, one layer of six pin sunshade net is covered above, hide
Positive rate is 85%~90%, because cassava is grown directly from seeds seedling not moisture-proof, if rainy weather, sunshade net are run into first five day after pack is cultivated
Also need to be capped one layer of plastic foil above to prevent seedling damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
The present invention admixes carbendazim, it can prevent and treat a variety of fungal diseases, to root when seedling seedling medium is allocated
The prevention effect of the diseases such as maize ear rot, stem rot, leaf blight, graywall is relatively good, can effectively prevent and treat the disease in seedling stage, improves seedling
The disease resisting effect of phase, improve the survival rate subsequently transplanted.
Cassava seed is Natural hybrid.Seed is brown or taupe, with pale brown, grey band macula lutea or black tiger spot.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. the present invention adds carbendazim during prepared by seedling medium and carries out mixture, to the microorganism in matrix, very
Fungus diseases etc. play bactericidal action, avoid occurring during the packed cultivation of seedling the lesions such as root-rot, leaf be withered.Nursery base simultaneously
The prosperity of seedlings root can be promoted in matter containing the nutrient needed for growth of seedling, improve transplanting survival rate.
2. seedling is being transplanted to the nurturing period in nutrient bag by the present invention, in order to promote the growth of seedling and seedling disease pest
Evil preventing and treating, the urea of low concentration is sprayed at regular intervals as foliar fertilizer, accelerates leaf growth, root system is healthy and strong；Spray simultaneously
1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of low concentration and Dipel carry out desinsection, sterilization, avoid the influence of pest and disease damage, improve simultaneously
The resistance of seedling, layed foundation for follow-up transplanting crop field, improve the survival rate that emergence rate also improves transplanting.
3. the method for the present invention is simple, it is easy to grasp operation, and packed culture survival rate reaches more than 95%, and field planting is big
Field survival rate is to 100%.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by specific embodiment, so that advantages and features of the invention are easier to be managed
Solution, it should be understood that following examples are only the preferred version of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
This experiment is from cassava south China 5, osmanthus heat 4, Guangxi cassava, Thailand's kind, glutinous rice kind, this 5 kinds of Natural hybrids
As experiment kind, specific experiment comprises the following steps：
(1) choose seeds：The seed of full grains is chosen, in seed: water=1: seed is dipped into water and stirred by 5 ratio
Uniformly, after ten minutes, most of seed still to float on the surface is hollow, abandons, chooses the seed sunk to the bottom and be used as breeding material
Material.Every group is selected 50 seeds.
(2) hot water treatment of seeds：This 5 groups of seeds of screening are respectively charged into mesh bag and tighten sack, are put into 30 DEG C of thermostat water baths
Middle immersion carries out lukewarm water processing in 7 hours.
(3) sand broadcasts vernalization：Seed after lukewarm water immersion is sowed using sand bed, takes clean pure thin river sand to be placed in 45*35*
In 7cm pallet, seed point is sowed in sand bed, from Shamian Island about 1.0cm, Seed Germination Test is in 30 DEG C, the people of 70% humidity
Carried out in work weather incubator, during which keep sand bed moistening.
(4) seedling matrix is allocated：It is hybridly prepared into the ratio of pond sludge, table soil, organic fertilizer, river sand 3: 1: 1: 1
The penetrating Nutrition Soil of moisturizing, is sufficiently stirred, and 1.2g 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, sealing 5~7 are mixed by every square metre of soil
My god, using preceding unlimited ventilation 3~5 days, load nutrient bag；
(5) seedling is cultivated in pack：After true seed is germinateed, treat that seedling true leaf is fully deployed, be transplanted to nutrient bag, children
It is 2~3cm that seedling root, which is buried to matrix depth, one bag one plant, water of drenching, is positioned over normal temperature under sunshade and cultivates, water drenching in the future is protected
Hold the urea liquid that soil humidity is spray 0.8% after 50~60%, 7 days and carry out seedling foliage spray, sprayed later every 7 days
Once, until transplanting crop field；Killed after cultivating 10 days with 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and 200 times of Dipels of 5000 times of liquid
Worm agent is sprayed, and is sprayed again once after 20 days；
(6) hardening：Shifting sunshade net is taken off after 20 days, continues hardening and cultivates 7 days, can go out garden when seedling grows up to 25~30cm
It is colonized crop field.
(7) crop field is transplanted：Using line-spacing as 80cm, spacing in the rows is what 40cm drained flooded fields sprigging to existing irrigation conditions and can
Plot crop field, different cultivars carry out packet plantation.Sufficient root water is drenched after transplanting, it is by normal after 70~80%, 7 days to keep humidity
Field management is advised, strengthens water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Counted after one month, cassava percentage of seedgermination and seedling move
Plant survival rate such as table 1.
The cassava percentage of seedgermination of table 1 and seedling transplanting survival rate
Remarks：Germination percentage=(germinative number/sowing number) × 100%；
Survival rate=(actually surviving strain number/reality plantation strain number) × 100%；
The actual strain number that cloudy canopy pack is cultivated is germinative number, and the field planting actual strain number in crop field is that cloudy canopy pack cultivation survives
Number.
As shown in Table 1, the seedling that true leaf is grown after germination pack is placed on into cloudy canopy to cultivate, survival rate more than 95%, wood
Potato seedling growth grows to 25cm or so and transplanted crop field after hardening through 7~10 days, and plant all survives, survival rate 100%.Show the present invention
Method practicability and effectiveness.
Embodiment 2
This experiment is from cassava south China 5, osmanthus heat 4, Guangxi cassava, Thailand's kind, glutinous rice kind, this 5 kinds of Natural hybrids
As experiment kind.Seed selection, seed soaking, vernalization use conventional method.After vernalization grows true leaf and is fully deployed, transplanting culture is carried out
Experiment, specific experiment comprise the following steps：
(1) seedling matrix is allocated：It is hybridly prepared into the ratio of pond sludge, table soil, organic fertilizer, river sand 3: 1: 1: 1
The penetrating Nutrition Soil of moisturizing, is sufficiently stirred, and 1.2g 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, sealing 5~7 are mixed by every square metre of soil
My god, using preceding unlimited ventilation 3~5 days, load nutrient bag, it is standby；
(5) seedling is cultivated in pack：By five cassava south China 5, osmanthus heat 4, Guangxi cassava, Thailand's kind, glutinous rice kind product
After the true seed germination of kind, treat that seedling true leaf is fully deployed, be transplanted to nutrient bag according to each 50 plants of kind, seedling root is buried
It is 2~3cm to matrix depth, one bag one plant, water of drenching, is positioned over normal temperature under sunshade and cultivates.Every group is carried out mark.In the future
Water drenching keeps the urea liquid that soil humidity is spray 0.8% after 50~60%, 7 days to carry out seedling foliage spray, later every 7
It is sprayed once, until transplanting crop field；With 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and 200 times of Su Yun gold of 5000 times of liquid after cultivating 10 days
Bacillus insecticide is sprayed, and is sprayed again once after 20 days.
(6) hardening：Shifting sunshade net is taken off after 20 days, continues hardening and cultivates 7 days, can go out garden when seedling grows up to 25~30cm
It is colonized crop field.
(7) crop field is transplanted：Using line-spacing as 80cm, spacing in the rows is what 40cm drained flooded fields sprigging to existing irrigation conditions and can
Plot crop field, different cultivars carry out packet plantation.Sufficient root water is drenched after transplanting, it is by normal after 70~80%, 7 days to keep humidity
Field management is advised, strengthens water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Counted after one month, cassava seedling transplanting survival rate such as table
2。
The cassava seedling transplanting survival rate of table 2
Remarks：Survival rate=(actually surviving strain number/reality plantation strain number) × 100%；Being colonized the actual strain number in crop field is
Cloudy canopy pack cultivation survives number.
As shown in Table 2, the seedling that true leaf is grown after germination pack is placed on into cloudy canopy to cultivate, survival rate more than 96%, wood
Potato seedling growth grows to 25~30cm or so and crop field is transplanted after hardening, and plant all survives, survival rate 100%.Show the present invention's
Method practicability and effectiveness.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. method for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) seedling matrix is allocated：Guarantor is hybridly prepared into pond sludge, table soil, organic fertilizer, the ratio that river sand is 3~5: 1: 1: 1 Wet penetrating Nutrition Soil, is sufficiently stirred, and 1~2g 50% wettable powder of carbendazim is mixed by every square metre of soil, is sealed 5~7 days, Using preceding unlimited ventilation 3~5 days, load nutrient bag；(2) seedling is cultivated in pack：After true seed is germinateed, treat that seedling true leaf is fully deployed, be transplanted to nutrient bag, seedling root It is 2~3cm that portion, which is buried to matrix depth, one bag one plant, water of drenching, is positioned over normal temperature under sunshade and cultivates, water drenching in the future keeps base Matter humidity is the urea liquid drenched week about after 50~60%, 7 days one time 0.8~1.0%, is sprayed 2~3 times；Used after 10 days 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and 200~300 times of Biotrol BTVs of 3000~5000 times of liquid are sprayed, after 20 days Spray again once；(3) hardening：Shifting sunshade net is taken off after 20 days, continues hardening and cultivates 5~7 days, can go out garden when seedling grows up to 25~30cm It is colonized crop field；(4) crop field is transplanted：Using line-spacing as 80~100cm, spacing in the rows is 40~50cm by sprigging to existing irrigation conditions and can The plot crop field of water drainage, sufficient root water is drenched after transplanting, it is routinely field management after 70~80%, 5~7 days to keep humidity, Strengthen water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that pack is cultivated real Drench the urea liquid of one time 0.8% in raw seedling after 7 days week about, spray 2~3 times；After 10 days with 5000 times of liquid 1.8% Ah Dimension rhzomorph missible oil and 200 times of Biotrol BTVs are sprayed, and are sprayed again once after 20 days.
- 3. the method according to claim 1 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that the pond sludge is The outmoded pond sludge that natural drying is smashed after 6~8 months through pulverizer；The table soil is the region of 15~20cm at the top of soil, is contained There are more organic matter and microorganism；The average grain diameter of the river sand is 0.35~0.50mm.
- 4. the method according to claim 1 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that the organic fertilizer The pH value of material is between 6.5~7.5, and nutrient content is organic matter 10%~15%, full nitrogen 0.6%~0.9%, phosphoric acid 0.3% ~0.6%, potassium oxide 1.0%~1.5%, 280~300ppm of available nitrogen, 80~100ppm of rapid available phosphorus, available potassium 300~ 320ppm。
- 5. the method according to claim 1 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that allotment seedling Presprouting of seeds is carried out before matrix, cassava seed is sowed using sand bed, seed point is sowed in sand bed, from Shamian Island 1.0cm, seed is sprouted Hair is carried out in 30 DEG C, the artificial climate incubator of 70% humidity, during which keeps sand bed moistening.
- 6. the method according to claim 5 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that in presprouting of seeds Before chosen seeds, hoted water treatment of seeds；In seed: water=1: 5 ratio immersion seed ten minutes, choose the seed sunk to the bottom and be used as breeding Material, abandon the seed to float on the surface；The cassava seed sunk to the bottom loading mesh bag is tightened into sack, is put into 30 DEG C of thermostat water baths Middle immersion carries out lukewarm water processing in 7 hours.
- 7. the method according to claim 1 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that the crop field exists Before field planting, 20~25kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied with every mu of crop field and makees base manure, the condition that plantation is re-used as after dragging for is mixed with planting ditch mud.
- 8. the method according to claim 7 for improving cassava seedling transplanting survival rate, it is characterised in that described nitrogen phosphorus Nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight ratio of potassium are 15: 15: 15 in K composite fertilizer.
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