CN107896863A - A kind of breeding method of capsicum - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of capsicum Download PDF

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CN107896863A
CN107896863A CN201711276221.1A CN201711276221A CN107896863A CN 107896863 A CN107896863 A CN 107896863A CN 201711276221 A CN201711276221 A CN 201711276221A CN 107896863 A CN107896863 A CN 107896863A
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soil
seed
seedling
breeding method
days
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康江河
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Xiamen Qingtian Food Industry Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08Immunising seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/23Solid substances, e.g. granules, powders, blocks, tablets

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of capsicum, comprise the following steps:Nursery soil processing, seed treatment, sowing, hardening, transplanting, transplanting processing at initial stage, training, cultivation and banking, prevention disease pest and harvesting;By carrying out disinfection to nursery soil, seed is pre-processed, nursery is carried out to refine in advance, prevents disease pest and the harvesting reasonable in later stage, plant is carried out in real time in different times to control wet, control fertilizer, temperature control, has the function that to reduce plant incidence, the germination percentage for improving its nursery, survival rate, yield of hot pepper and quality.

Description

A kind of breeding method of capsicum
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field, more specifically, it relates to a kind of breeding method of capsicum.
Background technology
Capsicum is one of main vegetable crop in China, there is extensive purposes, can not only be eaten raw, but also is important condiment, Consequence is occupy in vegetables industry, it has also become indispensable food in people's daily life;The fruit cause and effect of capsicum Skin contains capsaicine and has pungent.Ascorbic content occupies first in vegetables in capsicum, and capsicum is one kind that people like Irritable food, capsicum are not only only capable of improving a poor appetite, and warding off the cold for warm stomach has the effect of very big, have for treatment indigestion Good effect.
At present, China is most of still to use traditional implantation methods, in seedling raising process, pole in terms of pepper planting It is vulnerable to the influence of various diseases, samping off easily occurs in Seedling Stage, and then causes the survival rate after capsicum transplanting relatively low, it is peppery The decline of green pepper yield and quality.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of breeding method of capsicum, have and carry Its high survival rate of seedling improves the effect of yield of hot pepper and quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solution:
A kind of breeding method of capsicum, comprises the following steps:
S1, nursery soil processing:By 150g/m3Powdered ammonium hydrogen carbonate is added to soil to carry out disinfection sterilization, is covered Film 30~50 days, and keep soil moisture to be in 50~60%;
S2, seed treatment:Seed is promoted after-ripening, kills the germ that the surface of the seed carries in solar exposure 2 days in advance, And then carry out disinfection to seed, first soaked 15 minutes with 50~55 DEG C of warm water, then soak 15 minutes with seed disinfection liquid, finally With clear water it is net after, then with 25~30 DEG C of warm water immersion 8~12 it is small when, vernalization processing is carried out after pulling out;
S3, sowing:After seedbed is filled with enough bottom water, by the seed broadcasting after vernalization in furrow hole or seedlings nursing plate, applies nitrogenous fertilizer, cover 1 cm thick of fine earth, then mulch is covered to its heat and moisture preserving, after planting day temperature is controlled in 25~28 DEG C, and ground temperature is 20 DEG C, when After seed has 70% to be unearthed, mulch is removed, and take advantage of blade face there is no the fine earth for spreading 0.5 cm thick during water to seedbed;
S4, hardening:When seedling height is to 5 centimetres, seedbed ventilation hardening, ground temperature are given according to seedling growth and weather temperature Must control at 20 DEG C, daytime temperature control is at 28~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night, and transplants preceding moroxydine or ZhiBingLing(SIC) pouring root Band foliage spray;
S5, transplanting:When seedling is grown to 2~3 true leaves, strain is dug with roots and soil seedling is divided into the battalion equipped with configuration Nutrition Soil Support in alms bowl, select the plot of non-culturing vegetable in 3 years, plough deeply 25~30 centimetres, every square metre apply high-quality decomposed heap barnyard manure 450~ 550g, 60~75g of calcium superphosphate, 190~230g of plant ash make base fertilizer, harrow broken, leveling, and furrow soil is compacted after cultivation, then pour determine root people, Animal manure water;
S6, transplanting processing at initial stage:Being kept after field planting 28~30 DEG C of daytime, night is not less than 25 DEG C, and humidity is 70~80%, Gently apply, frequently apply light animal manure water, keep robust seedling leaf green, promote bud differentiation;
S7, training:Stent is set up during more than 30 centimetres of plant height, trunk is fixed on bamboo pole with rope, and work as trunk top End starts to be trimmed during bifurcated, and the side shoot below bifurcated is all extractd, and applies fertilising, promotes to sprout new buds;
S8, cultivation and banking:It is shallow to uproot 1~2 time after regrowth transplant survival, early period is grown, emphatically cultivation and banking 1 time, to envelope Before row, then slightly loosen the soil in the ranks 1 time, while high ridging, make 30~35 centimetres of ditch depth in the ranks, with sharp draining and resistant to lodging;
S9, prevention disease pest:After field planting, with 600 times of 75% Bravo, 64% 500~800 times of Sandofan, 500 times of ZhiBingLing(SIC) Liquid is used alternatingly, and is sprayed 1 time every 7~10 days;
S10, harvesting:2~3 weeks after blossom fall, harvested in morning, evening, fruit is fully expanded, connects carpopodium when color and luster is dark green Pick several times together, and harvest the 2/3 of green mature fruit, hot red pepper turns red and just plucks.
So set, the sterilization processing that carries out disinfection first with seedbed, reduces bacterium or virus in initial soil and seed is made Into the effect of harm, while increase the initial nutrient in seedbed, give the good environment of nursery germinating growth, improve the germination of nursery Quality and germination survival rate;The same period is exposed to the sun seed, promotes after-ripening, kills the germ that the surface of the seed carries, and then Carry out disinfection to seed, comprehensive disinfection sterilization carried out to seed by seed disinfection water, using the temperature difference for soaking seed and Soaking time, has the function that to carry out seed plus promote vernalization;In sowing, seed is kept to be in suitable soil environment, together When control the also night temperature difference on daytime, improve the germination quality of seed, when seed have 70% be unearthed after, remove mulch, and take advantage of blade face There is no the fine earth for spreading 0.5 cm thick during water to seedbed, improve nursery germination quality and improve its survival rate;Carried out before transplanting Hardening, temperature difference control is carried out to daytime also night, reduces the nursery short time from the adaptability after soil, and use moroxydine before transplanting Or the band foliage spray of ZhiBingLing(SIC) pouring root, reduce the incidence of nursery;By the estimated selection of control to soil after transplanting, soil is kept Earth nutrient, the growth after burying easy to nursery;By the temperature difference at control soil moisture and daytime also night after transplanting, make plant Stablize growth, keep robust seedling leaf green, promote bud differentiation;Afterwards by plant carry out pruning, control plant growing way with And development, the sturdy degree of later stage plant is improved, promotes to sprout new buds towards predetermined state growth;Pass through after regrowth transplant survival Shallow hoe, emphatically cultivation and banking, it is thick loosen the soil and high ridging, with sharp draining and resistant to lodging, improve plant strain growth environment and existence Ability, easy to the growth of plant root;Handled by preventing disease pest, virus and bacterium are prevented in advance, reduce plant hair Sick rate, improves later stage healthy growth;Controlled finally by harvesting, improve the effect of fruit maturation quality yield always;By right Nursery soil carries out disinfection in advance, pre- vernalization processing is carried out to seed, to carried out before culturing and transplanting seedlings hardening, carry out after transplanting it is whole Branch carries out prevention disease pest and the harvesting reasonable in later stage and top dressing with control, mid-term, and plant is carried out not in real time in different times With degree control is wet, control fertilizer, temperature control, have and reduce plant incidence, the germination percentage for improving its nursery, survival rate, yield of hot pepper And the effect of quality.
Further set:In step sl, nursery soil adds 4 parts of fully decomposed barnyard manures to match somebody with somebody by 6 parts of lands of not carrying disease germs Into composite soil, then add 1kg calcium superphosphate, 80g carbendazim and 60g metrifonate by every cubic metre of composite soil, fully mix, pour Reveal the exact details water, cover film.
So set, the nutrient of nursery soil is improved, while by adding calcium superphosphate, carbendazim and metrifonate, point Do not carry out disinfection with soil and sterilization and provide the nutrient effect at seed initial stage, reach finally by cover film and soil is carried out Bactericidal effect.
Further set:In step s 2, seed disinfection liquid is 0.5% tertiary sodium phosphate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 1% Any one in thiocarbamide.
So set, above-mentioned solvent is respectively provided with the effect for the sterilization processing that carries out disinfection to nursery soil, reduce bacterium or disease The harm of poison, improves the germination percentage of seed and the survival rate at initial stage.
Further set:In the warm water immersion of the step S2, and warm water was set to be down to 30 DEG C in 10 minutes, then by disappearing Venom immersion, clean, warm water are soaked after pulling out again, and vernalization at 25~28 DEG C, seed after 4~5 days are placed by gauze wrapped Exposing white tooth can sow.
So set, by being that seed is in warm water stirring and is cooled to relevant temperature, the activity of seed Free water is improved, Promote germination quality and the germination cycle of seed;Vernalization is carried out by gauze wrapped seed within specified temperatures at the same time, is made Seed is in the environment of constant temperature and moisture all the time during the vernalization, improves the germination percentage and germination quality of seed Effect.
Further set:In step S3 sowings, top dressing is carried out to nursery, every square metre with 5~8g of urea, loose stool water 4.5~6kg, and imposed 1 time every 15 days.
So set, increase seed promotes fast germination in nutrient content after planting, improve seed germination percentage and Germination quality, easy to the growth of nursery.
Further set:In step s 4, after seedling all sprouts, cotyledon is open and flat, temperature is reduced, is controlled 25~27 daytime DEG C, at 17~18 DEG C of night, 3~4 days before transplanting, strengthen ventilation, day temperature control is at 25 DEG C or so, 15 DEG C or so of night temperature.
So set, being adjusted by the temperature difference at daytime and night, the environment resistance energy of nursery is improved, improves the environment of nursery Survival ability is adapted to, while is kept and nutrition in nursery;Divulge information before transplanting to it, improve the air circulation of seedling raising environment, subtract The small excessive phenomenon of bacteria breed and day temperature;At the same time before transplanting, nocturnal temperature is reduced, improves the adaptation of nursery before emergence Survival properties.
Further set:In step s 5, after transplanting in 1 week, at 18~20 DEG C, daytime temperature is controlled 25 for ground temperature control After~30 DEG C, then 1 week, the growth of seedling young leaves is aeration-cooling, and control seedling stage humidity is in 20~30%.
So set, the adaptive capacity to environment of nursery after transplanting is improved, while heat and moisture preserving, after to culturing and transplanting seedlings Growth, it is aeration-cooling being grown to seedling young leaves after stablizing afterwards, while nursery humidity is kept, the nursery later stage is stablized growth, Improve the survival rate after transplanting and growth adaptation effect.
Further set:In step s 5, the density of plant is transplanted as 3000~4000 cave per acre, 50~60cm of line-spacing, 25~30cm of spacing in the rows.
So set, capsicum dense planting yield potential is big, the green pepper in autumn is especially grown into always, and rational close planted is conducive to morning Ridge is sealed, since ground mulching shades, soil temperature and the change of upper earth humidity are small, and root system is unlikely to be exposed to the sun after heavy rain, play promoting root growth rush Seedling obtains the effect of higher yield.
Further set:In step slo, in a large amount of harvest stages, sprinkling watering in the morning or at dusk makes wet soil, often 1 decomposed people, animal fecaluria was imposed every 4~5 days, and every square metre of dosage is 750~1150g every time.
So set, entering midsummer at this time, temperature is high, and moisture evaporation is fast, while a large amount of harvest stages, nutrient consumption amount Greatly, therefore sprinkling must drench when pouring, and ensure that plant smoothly gets over the summer, and make fruit and plant continued growth, to ensure the not de- fertilizer of plant, Improve the yield and fruit quality of fruit.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention compares compared with the prior art:Handled by nursery soil, at seed Reason, sowing, hardening, transplanting, transplanting processing at initial stage, training, cultivation and banking, prevention disease pest and harvesting;That is, to nursery soil into Row disinfection, seed are pre-processed, nursery are carried out to refine in advance, prevents disease pest and the harvesting reasonable in later stage, in different times pair Nursery carries out controlling wet, control fertilizer, temperature control in real time, has and reduces plant incidence, the germination percentage for improving its nursery, survival rate, capsicum The effect of yield and quality.
Embodiment
The breeding method of capsicum is described further below.
Embodiment 1:A kind of breeding method of capsicum, comprises the following steps:
S1, nursery soil processing:Nursery soil adds 4 parts of fully decomposed barnyard manures to be made into pH value by 6 parts of lands of not carrying disease germs For the composite soil between 6;Then 1kg calcium superphosphate, 80g carbendazim, 60g metrifonate and 150g are added by every cubic metre of composite soil Powdered ammonium hydrogen carbonate carries out disinfection sterilization and the addition of nutrient solution, then fully mixes, and pours water of revealing the exact details, makes soil conservation wet Degree is in 50%, afterwards cover film 30 days, in case sowing.
S2, seed treatment:Seed is exposed to the sun in the sun 2 days in advance, promotes after-ripening, improve germination percentage, kill kind of a sublist The germ that face carries;And then carry out disinfection to seed, first soaked with 50 DEG C of warm water, while warm water is stirred, and 10 Minute in warm water is down to 30 DEG C, soaking 15 minutes after, then with seed disinfection liquid immersion 15 minutes;Finally washed repeatedly with clear water After net, then it is small with 25 DEG C of warm water immersion 9 when, after pulling out, placed by gauze wrapped and vernalization processing carried out at 25 DEG C, treat 4~5 Seed exposes white tooth and can sow after it.
Wherein, seed disinfection liquid is any one in 0.5% tertiary sodium phosphate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 1% thiocarbamide.
S3, sowing:After seedbed is filled with enough bottom water, by the seed broadcasting after vernalization in furrow hole or seedlings nursing plate, applies nitrogenous fertilizer, cover 1 cm thick of fine earth, then mulch is covered to its heat and moisture preserving, after planting day temperature is controlled in 25 DEG C, and ground temperature is 20 DEG C, works as seed After thering is 70% to be unearthed, mulch is removed, and take advantage of blade face there is no the fine earth for spreading 0.5 cm thick during water to seedbed;Nursery is carried out at the same time Top dressing, every square metre with urea 5g, loose stool water 4.5kg, and imposed 1 time every 15 days.
S4, hardening:When seedling height is to 5 centimetres, seedbed ventilation hardening, ground temperature are given according to seedling growth and weather temperature Must control at 20 DEG C, daytime temperature control is at 28 DEG C, 18 DEG C of night, and transplants preceding moroxydine or ZhiBingLing(SIC) pouring root with blade face spray Spill;After seedling all sprouts, cotyledon is open and flat, temperature is reduced, at 25 DEG C, at 15 DEG C of night, 3 days before transplanting, strengthen logical for control on daytime Wind, day temperature control is at 25 DEG C or so, 15 DEG C or so of night temperature.
S5, transplanting:When seedling is grown to 2~3 true leaves, strain is dug with roots and soil seedling is divided into the battalion equipped with configuration Nutrition Soil Support in alms bowl;The plot of non-culturing vegetable in 3 years is selected, ploughs deeply 25~30 centimetres, every square metre is applied high-quality decomposed heap barnyard manure 4500g, calcium superphosphate 60g, plant ash 190g make base fertilizer, and harrow broken, leveling, are compacted furrow soil after cultivation, then pour and determine root people, animal liquid dung; It is short fill, short row makees irrigation canals and ditches, ditch ditch communicates, and makes after rain field not ponding.
S6, transplanting processing at initial stage:After field planting keep 28 DEG C of daytime, night be not less than 25 DEG C, humidity 70%, after transplanting, Before blooming, gently apply, frequently apply light animal manure water, keep robust seedling leaf green, promote bud differentiation;After transplanting in 1 week, ground temperature control At 18 DEG C, daytime temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C;Again after 1 week, the growth of seedling young leaves is aeration-cooling, and control seedling stage humidity is in 20%; The density for transplanting plant is 3000 cave per acre, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm.
S7, training:Stent is set up during more than 30 centimetres of plant height, trunk is fixed on bamboo pole with rope, and work as trunk top End starts to be trimmed during bifurcated, and the side shoot below bifurcated is all extractd, and applies fertilising, promotes to sprout new buds, and soil Humid control is 75%.
S8, cultivation and banking:It is shallow to uproot 1~2 time after regrowth transplant survival, early period is grown, emphatically cultivation and banking 1 time, to envelope Before row, then slightly loosen the soil in the ranks 1 time, while high ridging, make 30~35 centimetres of ditch depth in the ranks, with sharp draining and resistant to lodging.
S9, prevention disease pest:After field planting, with 600 times of 75% Bravo, 64% 500 times of Sandofan, 500 times of liquid of ZhiBingLing(SIC) are handed over For use, sprayed 1 time every 7 days;
S10, harvesting:When the 1st layer of green mature fruit close to harvesting, when the 2nd~3 layer of fruit is just gradually grown up, for make fruit and Plant continued growth, expands rapidly, imposes quick-acting fertilizer 1~2 time, applies urea 15g, people, animal liquid dung 600g for every square metre every time, To ensure the not de- fertilizer of plant;2~3 weeks after blossom fall, harvested in morning, evening, fruit is fully expanded, connects carpopodium when color and luster is dark green Pick several times together, and harvest the 2/3 of green mature fruit, hot red pepper turns red and just plucks;In a large amount of harvest stages, nutrient consumption amount is big, Early morning or at dusk bold and vigorous watering make wet soil, and 1 decomposed people, animal fecaluria, and every square metre of dosage every time were imposed every 4~5 days For 750g;It is exactly that autumn green pepper largely bears fruit period, every square metre imposes urea 8g and cleaning up excrement water 450g, every 5~7 after being transferred to cool autumn days It is applied 1 time again, top fruit is remained to normal growth, is ensured later stage high yield.
Embodiment 2:A kind of breeding method of capsicum, comprises the following steps:
S1, nursery soil processing:Nursery soil adds 4 parts of fully decomposed barnyard manures to be made into pH value by 6 parts of lands of not carrying disease germs For the composite soil between 6.5;Then by every cubic metre of composite soil add 1kg calcium superphosphate, 80g carbendazim, 60g metrifonate and Ammonium hydrogen carbonate powdered 150g carries out disinfection sterilization and the addition of nutrient solution, then fully mixes, and pours water of revealing the exact details, protects soil Hold humidity to be in 55%, afterwards cover film 40 days, in case sowing.
S2, seed treatment:Seed is exposed to the sun in the sun 2 days in advance, promotes after-ripening, improve germination percentage, kill kind of a sublist The germ that face carries;And then carry out disinfection to seed, first soaked with 53 DEG C of warm water, while warm water is stirred, and 10 Minute in warm water is down to 30 DEG C, soaking 15 minutes after, then with seed disinfection liquid immersion 15 minutes;Finally washed repeatedly with clear water After net, then it is small with 27 DEG C of warm water immersion 10 when, after pulling out, placed by gauze wrapped and vernalization processing carried out at 26 DEG C, treat 4~ Seed exposes white tooth and can sow after 5 days.
Wherein, seed disinfection liquid is any one in 0.5% tertiary sodium phosphate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 1% thiocarbamide.
S3, sowing:After seedbed is filled with enough bottom water, by the seed broadcasting after vernalization in furrow hole or seedlings nursing plate, applies nitrogenous fertilizer, cover 1 cm thick of fine earth, then mulch is covered to its heat and moisture preserving, after planting day temperature is controlled in 26 DEG C, and ground temperature is 20 DEG C, works as seed After thering is 70% to be unearthed, mulch is removed, and take advantage of blade face there is no the fine earth for spreading 0.5 cm thick during water to seedbed;Nursery is carried out at the same time Top dressing, every square metre with urea 6.5g, loose stool water 5.3kg, and imposed 1 time every 15 days.
S4, hardening:When seedling height is to 5 centimetres, seedbed ventilation hardening, ground temperature are given according to seedling growth and weather temperature Must control at 20 DEG C, daytime temperature control is at 29 DEG C, 19 DEG C of night, and transplants preceding moroxydine or ZhiBingLing(SIC) pouring root with blade face spray Spill;After seedling all sprouts, cotyledon is open and flat, temperature is reduced, at 26 DEG C, at 16 DEG C of night, 3~4 days before transplanting, strengthen for control on daytime Ventilation, day temperature control is at 25 DEG C or so, 15 DEG C or so of night temperature.
S5, transplanting:When seedling is grown to 2~3 true leaves, strain is dug with roots and soil seedling is divided into the battalion equipped with configuration Nutrition Soil Support in alms bowl;The plot of non-culturing vegetable, ploughs deeply 25~30 centimetres in selection 3 years, every square metre apply high-quality decomposed heap barnyard manure 500g, Calcium superphosphate 68g, plant ash 210g make base fertilizer, and harrow broken, leveling, are compacted furrow soil after cultivation, then pour and determine root people, animal liquid dung;It is short to fill, is short Row makees irrigation canals and ditches, and ditch ditch communicates, and makes after rain field not ponding.
S6, transplanting processing at initial stage:After field planting keep 29 DEG C of daytime, night be not less than 25 DEG C, humidity 75%, after transplanting, Before blooming, gently apply, frequently apply light animal manure water, keep robust seedling leaf green, promote bud differentiation;After transplanting in 1 week, ground temperature control At 19 DEG C, daytime temperature is controlled at 27 DEG C;Again after 1 week, the growth of seedling young leaves is aeration-cooling, and control seedling stage humidity is in 25%; The density for transplanting plant is 3500 cave per acre, line-spacing 55cm, spacing in the rows 27cm.
S7, training:Stent is set up during more than 30 centimetres of plant height, trunk is fixed on bamboo pole with rope, and work as trunk top End starts to be trimmed during bifurcated, and the side shoot below bifurcated is all extractd, and applies fertilising, promotes to sprout new buds, and soil Humid control is 75%.
S8, cultivation and banking:It is shallow to uproot 1~2 time after regrowth transplant survival, early period is grown, emphatically cultivation and banking 1 time, to envelope Before row, then slightly loosen the soil in the ranks 1 time, while high ridging, make 30~35 centimetres of ditch depth in the ranks, with sharp draining and resistant to lodging.
S9, prevention disease pest:After field planting, with 600 times of 75% Bravo, 64% 650 times of Sandofan, 500 times of liquid of ZhiBingLing(SIC) are handed over For use, sprayed 1 time every 7~10 days;
S10, harvesting:When the 1st layer of green mature fruit close to harvesting, when the 2nd~3 layer of fruit is just gradually grown up, for make fruit and Plant continued growth, expands rapidly, imposes quick-acting fertilizer 1~2 time, applies urea 17g, people, animal liquid dung 650g for every square metre every time, To ensure the not de- fertilizer of plant;2~3 weeks after blossom fall, harvested in morning, evening, fruit is fully expanded, connects carpopodium when color and luster is dark green Pick several times together, and harvest the 2/3 of green mature fruit, hot red pepper turns red and just plucks;In a large amount of harvest stages, nutrient consumption amount is big, Early morning or at dusk bold and vigorous watering make wet soil, and 1 decomposed people, animal fecaluria, and every square metre of dosage every time were imposed every 4~5 days For 900g;It is exactly that autumn green pepper largely bears fruit period after being transferred to cool autumn days, every square metre imposes urea 9.5g and cleaning up excrement water 520g, every 5~ Apply again within 7 days 1 time, top fruit is remained to normal growth, ensure later stage high yield.
Embodiment 3:A kind of breeding method of capsicum, comprises the following steps:
S1, nursery soil processing:Nursery soil adds 4 parts of fully decomposed barnyard manures to be made into pH value by 6 parts of lands of not carrying disease germs For the composite soil between 7;Then 1kg calcium superphosphate, 80g carbendazim, 60g metrifonate and 150g are added by every cubic metre of composite soil Powdered ammonium hydrogen carbonate carries out disinfection sterilization and the addition of nutrient solution, then fully mixes, and pours water of revealing the exact details, makes soil conservation wet Degree is in 60%, afterwards cover film 50 days, in case sowing.
S2, seed treatment:Seed is exposed to the sun in the sun 2 days in advance, promotes after-ripening, improve germination percentage, kill kind of a sublist The germ that face carries;And then carry out disinfection to seed, first soaked with 55 DEG C of warm water, while warm water is stirred, and 10 Minute in warm water is down to 30 DEG C, soaking 15 minutes after, then with seed disinfection liquid immersion 15 minutes;Finally washed repeatedly with clear water After net, then it is small with 30 DEG C of warm water immersion 11 when, after pulling out, placed by gauze wrapped and vernalization processing carried out at 28 DEG C, treat 4~ Seed exposes white tooth and can sow after 5 days.
Wherein, seed disinfection liquid is any one in 0.5% tertiary sodium phosphate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 1% thiocarbamide.
S3, sowing:After seedbed is filled with enough bottom water, by the seed broadcasting after vernalization in furrow hole or seedlings nursing plate, applies nitrogenous fertilizer, cover 1 cm thick of fine earth, then mulch is covered to its heat and moisture preserving, after planting day temperature is controlled in 28 DEG C, and ground temperature is 20 DEG C, works as seed After thering is 70% to be unearthed, mulch is removed, and take advantage of blade face there is no the fine earth for spreading 0.5 cm thick during water to seedbed;Nursery is carried out at the same time Top dressing, every square metre with urea 8g, loose stool water 6kg, and imposed 1 time every 15 days.
S4, hardening:When seedling height is to 5 centimetres, seedbed ventilation hardening, ground temperature are given according to seedling growth and weather temperature Must control at 20 DEG C, daytime temperature control is at 30 DEG C, 20 DEG C of night, and transplants preceding moroxydine or ZhiBingLing(SIC) pouring root with blade face spray Spill;After seedling all sprouts, cotyledon is open and flat, temperature is reduced, at 27 DEG C, at 17 DEG C of night, 3~4 days before transplanting, strengthen for control on daytime Ventilation, day temperature control is at 25 DEG C or so, 15 DEG C or so of night temperature.
S5, transplanting:When seedling is grown to 2~3 true leaves, strain is dug with roots and soil seedling is divided into the battalion equipped with configuration Nutrition Soil Support in alms bowl;The plot of non-culturing vegetable, ploughs deeply 25~30 centimetres in selection 3 years, every square metre apply high-quality decomposed heap barnyard manure 550g, Calcium superphosphate 75g, plant ash 230g make base fertilizer, and harrow broken, leveling, are compacted furrow soil after cultivation, then pour and determine root people, animal liquid dung;It is short to fill, is short Row makees irrigation canals and ditches, and ditch ditch communicates, and makes after rain field not ponding.
S6, transplanting processing at initial stage:After field planting keep 30 DEG C of daytime, night be not less than 25 DEG C, humidity 80%, after transplanting, Before blooming, gently apply, frequently apply light animal manure water, keep robust seedling leaf green, promote bud differentiation;After transplanting in 1 week, ground temperature control At 20 DEG C, daytime temperature is controlled at 30 DEG C;Again after 1 week, the growth of seedling young leaves is aeration-cooling, and control seedling stage humidity is in 30%; The density for transplanting plant is 4000 cave per acre, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.
S7, training:Stent is set up during more than 30 centimetres of plant height, trunk is fixed on bamboo pole with rope, and work as trunk top End starts to be trimmed during bifurcated, and the side shoot below bifurcated is all extractd, and applies fertilising, promotes to sprout new buds, and soil Humid control is 75%.
S8, cultivation and banking:It is shallow to uproot 1~2 time after regrowth transplant survival, early period is grown, emphatically cultivation and banking 1 time, to envelope Before row, then slightly loosen the soil in the ranks 1 time, while high ridging, make 30~35 centimetres of ditch depth in the ranks, with sharp draining and resistant to lodging.
S9, prevention disease pest:After field planting, with 600 times of 75% Bravo, 64% 800 times of Sandofan, 500 times of liquid of ZhiBingLing(SIC) are handed over For use, sprayed 1 time every 7~10 days;
S10, harvesting:When the 1st layer of green mature fruit close to harvesting, when the 2nd~3 layer of fruit is just gradually grown up, for make fruit and Plant continued growth, expands rapidly, imposes quick-acting fertilizer 1~2 time, applies urea 19g, people, animal liquid dung 700g for every square metre every time, To ensure the not de- fertilizer of plant;2~3 weeks after blossom fall, harvested in morning, evening, fruit is fully expanded, connects carpopodium when color and luster is dark green Pick several times together, and harvest the 2/3 of green mature fruit, hot red pepper turns red and just plucks;In a large amount of harvest stages, nutrient consumption amount is big, Early morning or at dusk bold and vigorous watering make wet soil, and 1 decomposed people, animal fecaluria, and every square metre of dosage every time were imposed every 4~5 days For 1150g;It is exactly that autumn green pepper largely bears fruit period after being transferred to cool autumn days, every square metre imposes urea 11g and cleaning up excrement water 600g, every 5~ Apply again within 7 days 1 time, top fruit is remained to normal growth, ensure later stage high yield.
Test case
Subjects:It is test sample with above-described embodiment 1~3, using the breeding method of traditional capsicum as comparative example 1 as pair In the same old way.
Content of the test:Kind is divided into four groups, every group of one mu of plantation, in adjacent kind by the method for the present invention by field trial Place plantation is planted, records the average production situation of fruit obtained by picking time, specific test result data are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, it is superior to contrast using the breeding method of basic inventive embodiments 1~3, its indices Example, the yield of gained capsicum, germination percentage, survival rate, incidence are above comparative example, and fallen flowers rate and fruit drop rate are below pair Ratio, shows that breeding method using the present invention carries out cultivation plantation, has and improves shoot survival percent raising yield of hot pepper and matter The effect of amount.
At the same time during the present invention is studied, some exploratory experiments are carried out, in order to verify the reliable of the method for the present invention Property, with embodiment 2 for control, corresponding step is eliminated under study for action, its result and effect clearly, therefore illustrate this hair The step of bright offer, has good correspondence, carries out specific PROCESS OVERVIEW below.
By taking embodiment 2 as an example, during cultivation, save ammonium hydrogen carbonate in step S1 and carry out disinfection and overlay film, its His step is same as Example 2, and the average condition of production result data for the fruit as a result cultivated to this method contrasts, knot Survival rate is reduced to 75% to fruit after germination, therefore shows the overlay film again that carries out disinfection to nursery soil step initial stage, for nursery Survival rate plays an important roll.
By taking embodiment 2 as an example, during cultivation, save in step S2 and the seed after being exposed to the sun is carried out at soaking disinfection Reason, other steps are same as Example 2, and the average condition of production result data of the fruit as a result cultivated to this method carries out pair Than, nearly 10% as a result is increased in incidence, therefore show that initial stage disinfects after being exposed to the sun to seed, fall ill for nursery Rate plays an important roll.
By taking embodiment 2 as an example, during cultivation, hardening in step S4 is saved, other steps are same as Example 2, As a result the average condition of production result data for the fruit cultivated to this method contrasts, as a result in fallen flowers rate and fruit drop rate In it is significantly raised, therefore show hardening treatment, play an important roll for fallen flowers rate and fruit drop rate.
By taking embodiment 2 as an example, during cultivation, save in step S6 to daytime between night the temperature difference control and Moisturizing is handled, other steps are same as Example 2, the average condition of production result data for the fruit as a result cultivated to this method Contrasted, as a result reduce 1/3rd in per mu yield, thus show daytime between night the temperature difference control and moisturizing at Reason plays an important roll for per mu yield.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-mentioned implementation Example, all technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention belong to protection scope of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art Those of ordinary skill for, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of breeding method of capsicum, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1, nursery soil processing:Powdered ammonium hydrogen carbonate is added to soil by 150g/m3 to carry out disinfection sterilization, cover film 30~50 days, and keep soil moisture to be in 50~60%;
S2, seed treatment:Seed is promoted after-ripening, kills the germ that the surface of the seed carries, secondly in solar exposure 2 days in advance Carry out disinfection to seed, first soaked 15 minutes with 50~55 DEG C of warm water again, then soaked 15 minutes with seed disinfection liquid, finally with clear After water is net, then with 25~30 DEG C of warm water immersion 8~12 it is small when, vernalization processing is carried out after pulling out;
S3, sowing:After seedbed is filled with enough bottom water, by the seed broadcasting after vernalization in furrow hole or seedlings nursing plate, applies nitrogenous fertilizer, cover fine earth 1 cm thick, then mulch is covered to its heat and moisture preserving, after planting day temperature is controlled in 25~28 DEG C, and ground temperature is 20 DEG C, works as seed After thering is 70% to be unearthed, mulch is removed, and take advantage of blade face there is no the fine earth for spreading 0.5 cm thick during water to seedbed;
S4, hardening:When seedling height is to 5 centimetres, seedbed ventilation hardening is given according to seedling growth and weather temperature, ground temperature must be controlled System is at 20 DEG C, and daytime temperature control is at 28~30 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night, and transplants preceding moroxydine or ZhiBingLing(SIC) pouring root with leaf Spray in face;
S5, transplanting:When seedling is grown to 2~3 true leaves, strain is dug with roots and soil seedling is divided into the nutritive cube equipped with configuration Nutrition Soil In, select the plot of non-culturing vegetable in 3 years, plough deeply 25~30 centimetres, every square metre apply high-quality decomposed heap barnyard manure 450~ 550g, 60~75g of calcium superphosphate, 190~230g of plant ash make base fertilizer, harrow broken, leveling, and furrow soil is compacted after cultivation, then pour determine root people, Animal manure water;
S6, transplanting processing at initial stage:Kept after field planting 28~30 DEG C of daytime, night is not less than 25 DEG C, and humidity is 70~80%, gently Apply, frequently apply light animal manure water, keep robust seedling leaf green, promote bud differentiation;
S7, training:Stent is set up during more than 30 centimetres of plant height, trunk is fixed on bamboo pole with rope, and when trunk top is opened Trimmed during beginning bifurcated, the side shoot below bifurcated is all extractd, and apply fertilising, promote to sprout new buds;
S8, cultivation and banking:After regrowth transplant survival, shallow hoe 1~2 time, grows early period, emphatically cultivation and banking 1 time, to envelope row with Before, then slightly loosen the soil in the ranks 1 time, while high ridging, make 30~35 centimetres of ditch depth in the ranks, with sharp draining and resistant to lodging;
S9, prevention disease pest:After field planting, with 600 times of 75% Bravo, 64% 500~800 times of Sandofan, 500 times of liquid of ZhiBingLing(SIC) are handed over For use, sprayed 1 time every 7~10 days;
S10, harvesting:2~3 weeks after blossom fall, harvested in morning, evening, fruit is fully expanded, when color and luster is dark green together with carpopodium Pick several times, and harvest the 2/3 of green mature fruit, hot red pepper turns red and just plucks.
A kind of 2. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step sl, nursery soil is by 6 Part land of not carrying disease germs adds 4 parts of fully decomposed barnyard manures to be made into composite soil, then adds 1kg peroxophosphoric acid by every cubic metre of composite soil Calcium, 80g carbendazim and 60g metrifonate, fully mix, pour water of revealing the exact details, cover film.
A kind of 3. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step s 2, seed disinfection liquid Any one in tertiary sodium phosphate, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 1% thiocarbamide for 0.5%.
A kind of 4. breeding method of capsicum according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that:The warm water leaching of the step S2 In bubble, and warm water is down to 30 DEG C in 10 minutes, then soaked again after pulling out by medicining liquid dipping, clean, warm water, passed through Gauze wrapped places vernalization at 25~28 DEG C, and seed exposes white tooth and can sow after 4~5 days.
A kind of 5. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step S3 sowings, to nursery Top dressing is carried out, every square metre with 5~8g of urea, loose stool 4.5~6kg of water, and imposed 1 time every 15 days.
A kind of 6. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step s 4, when seedling all sprouts, After cotyledon is open and flat, temperature is reduced, at 25~27 DEG C, at 17~18 DEG C of night, 3~4 days before transplanting, strengthen ventilation for control on daytime, Day temperature control is at 25 DEG C or so, 15 DEG C or so of night temperature.
A kind of 7. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step s 5,1 week after transplanting Interior, at 18~20 DEG C, daytime temperature is controlled after 25~30 DEG C, then 1 week for ground temperature control, the growth of seedling young leaves, aeration-cooling, control Seedling phase humidity is in 20~30%.
A kind of 8. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step s 5, plant is transplanted Density is 3000~4000 cave per acre, 50~60cm of line-spacing, 25~30cm of spacing in the rows.
A kind of 9. breeding method of capsicum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step slo, largely harvesting In the stage, sprinkling watering in the morning or at dusk makes wet soil, and 1 decomposed people, animal fecaluria, and every square every time were imposed every 4~5 days Rice dosage is 750~1150g.
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CN109042134A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-12-21 贵州省蚕业研究所 A kind of capsicum crop cultivation method more than a year
CN109076900A (en) * 2018-09-14 2018-12-25 姚光亮 Winter pepper seedling raising method
CN109644791A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-04-19 江苏北环生物科技有限公司 A kind of cultivation method of sunshine seedling packed in plastic cup
CN113348991A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-09-07 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 Plateau planting method for peppers
CN113854060A (en) * 2021-11-08 2021-12-31 上海交通大学 Methods for improving the germination and seedling success rate of the cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum
CN115067164A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-09-20 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所 Cultivation pruning method for increasing yield of dried peppers in low-latitude plateau area

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Application publication date: 20180413