CN105993870A - Soilless planting method for organic tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless planting method for organic tomatoes. The soilless planting method comprises the following steps: performing sterilization treatment on non-transgenic tomato seeds without chemical treatment, and performing culture by using an organic fertilizer obtained after fermentation and decomposition of straws as a substrate and performing irrigation with a leachate in the whole process; and adopting a culture mode of cyclic fertilization and timely liquid fertilizer recovery in combination with management of the tomatoes at different stages. The invention also provides an organic substrate and an organic liquid fertilizer for planting vegetables and preparation methods of the organic substrate and the organic liquid fertilizer, wherein straws and chicken manures are used as raw materials, and prior period fermentation, late period decomposition and continuous wet compost are performed by using characteristics of symbiotic bacteria; the leachate is continuously extracted and supplied, and the organic liquid fertilizer is obtained by collection; and the organic liquid fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrient, balanced in fertilizer effects, and beneficial for absorption by plants. The method disclosed by the invention achieves aims of high yield and high quality, and has relatively great economic values, so that the method is an efficient, practical and low-cost organic planting method.

Description

A kind of soilless planting method of Organic tomato

Technical field

The present invention relates to the soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato, belong to installment agriculture growth field.

Background technology

Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, calls Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, tomato, originates in South America.Fruits nutrition enriches, and has flavour.There is weight-reducing, allaying tiredness, appetite stimulator, improve the digestion to protein, reduce the effects such as flatulence food stagnation.Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is with the ripe succulence berry herbaceous plant as product.Vitamin and carotene, mineral salt, organic acid etc..

Popularization and application along with greenhouse cultivation technique, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti becomes the normal dish on dining table throughout the year, the continuous expansion of tomato cultivation area, continuous cropping plantation is the most universal, especially under the conditions of booth cultivation, the continuous cropping obstacle of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is extremely serious, disease occurs frequently, to cause tomato yield and quality the most significantly to decline, and pesticide residues are serious.It is unbalance that Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sequential cropping cultivation often results in soil nutrient, and tomato growth is obstructed；Soil beneficial microbe population declines, and the quantity of pathogen accumulation increases, and soil infection disease increases the weight of.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is to provide the soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato; the soil being primarily present during solving tomato planting and the problem of insect pest preventing and controlling; improving quality and the yield of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti output, proper scale organic vegetable plantation carries out popularization and application.

For achieving the above object, the implantation methods of a kind of Organic tomato that the present invention proposes, it comprises the steps:

1. addressing: select there is good water source and the good place of easy draining of ventilating as planting base；

2. the manufacture method of cultivation matrix, by chicken manure, straw carries out heap preparing high-temp and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and the time of banking up is more than 60 days, temperature early stage 25-30 DEG C, and the later stage is maintained at 60-65 DEG C, maggot, pupa or the new one-tenth fly sprouted wings that the rear fertilizer free from extraneous odour that become thoroughly decomposed, nothing are lived；The organic matter become thoroughly decomposed sprays clear water, biogas slurry by circulation, and mineral extract leachate, obtains organic fertilizer after collection, and organic fertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, and fertilizer efficiency equalizes, beneficially plant absorption；

3. facility condition: booth planted agent is without exposed soil, passage hardening or non-textile mulch；The outer fly net all standing of booth, carries out pasteurised completely process to seedling raising greenhouse or shed；Set up underground cultivation bed according to cultivation custom, carry out water-proofing treatment, insert organic fertilizer ground substance 35-40cm；Furrow face covering with plastic film；

4. seed selection and seed treatment: selecting disease-resistant, the kind of good stress resistance, first by seed dry in the sun 1-2h under the low light level, then by seed-soaking 1h, then scald kind with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and be continuously agitated 15min, then using Seed soaking 1-2h, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow；

5. nurturing staff: 1) fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of nutritive soil preparation；2) hole tray of 50 caves/dish is used；Monoseeding；During 50% seed sprouting, remove the mulch film that bed surface covers；3) seedling age 30 days, 5-7 days gradually seedling exercising before field planting；

6. field planting: 1) field planting preparation, cultivation ditch spacing 1.4 meters is wide, it is desirable to furrow width 40 centimetres, deep 30 centimetres, and waterproof plastic is laid in bottom, inserts fertilizer 30cm, arranges organic fertilizer liquid recovery pond；By spacing in the rows 35-40 centimetre, wide row space 100 centimetres, duplicate rows plantation, every mu of kind 1800-2200 strain；2) field planting operation: select have this varietal characteristic tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, the sturdy internode of the dark green cane of leaf color short strong sprout without pest and disease damage, opens cave field planting, and irrigates in time and determine root water；

7. cultivation management: 1) warm and humid regulation: vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, recover thermophilic management, i.e. daytime 23-28 DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C after slow Seedling.Along with temperature continues to decline, straw screen or mat should suitably be encrypted, and along with the gradually rise of temperature after the beginning of spring, should the most suitably ventilate, and keeps thermophilic management, reduces air humidity in canopy；2) Illumination adjusting: combine temperature, the regulation of the environmental conditions such as humidity, plan as a whole regulating illumination condition, guarantee the light application time of necessity every day as far as possible；Especially cold stage is the most overcast and rainy, should be taken off the control of lid time by straw screen or mat, in plant scope sufferable to low temperature, increase illumination as far as possible；3) rich water is planned strategies for, and management phase timely and appropriate discovery is supplementary sprays the leachates such as clear water, biogas slurry, soybean cake mineral, collects the organic fertilizer obtaining Different Nutrients content；According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase is implemented to chase after fertilizer；A tiller organic fertilizer is chased after after alive of general field planting；Two fringes fruit seats surely after and swollen fruit chase after twice swollen fruit fertilizer mid-term.In conjunction with insect pest preventing and controlling, according to weather and field water holding situation, water ins conjunction with topdress, and topdress pour water after ventilation in time, air humidity in reduction canopy；Fruit enters green ripe stage and i.e. controls water control fertilizer；4) Hua Liuguo is protected: after a Honoka has 2-3 opening, artificial or honeybee pollination, leave labelling after process, it is to avoid repeat to process；When Fructus Lycopersici esculenti fruit footpath reaches 1cm, 2-3 fruit is stayed in the first ear selection, and 3-4 fruit is stayed in the every ear selection in top, and extracts sick fruit malformed fruit and unnecessary flowers and fruits as early as possible；Yielding positive results the phase Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, can carry out foliage spray, at the first fringe fruit initial bloom stage and the rare earth aqueous solution of fruit expanding period spraying concentration 0.03%～0.04% respectively, the biogas slurry of 50% can improve fruit-setting rate, improve fruit quality；

8. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1) utilize sunshade net, fly net that vegetable is protected；The parasite killing such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed；Hanging yellow haftplatte in greenhouse, trap and kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, dive otitid in America, alatae；Also can manual removal；2) Biological control artificial propagation, release, introduce predator；It can in addition contain with Bacillus thuringiensis various polyhedrosis virus prevention and elimination of disease and pests；3), if desired, tunable utilizes medical treatment to medical treatment；Can be with material preventing and treating vegetable fungal diseases such as the soft soap of suppression crop fungal disease, galenical, vinegar；Can use rotenone, the pyrethrin of plant origin with limitation, prosparol and kieselguhr carry out parasite killing；4) summer high temperature is utilized season booth to be carried out the cleaning of falling canopy, stifling stewing canopy；

9. gather far and near according to the market demand and transport road, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and storage and transport process should be avoided secondary pollution；

10. gather and complete should clean rural area, harmless treatment straw and useless mulch film in time.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: a kind of Organic tomato hydroponics technology that the present invention proposes, meet organic production standard, reduce organic planting cost, improve Tomato Quality, enhance the benefit of plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, the disease resistance and the insect pest ability that make Fructus Lycopersici esculenti strengthen, and reach the purpose of high yield and high quality, belong to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti anniversary planting technology.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with instantiation, the invention will be further described:

General plantation embodiment one, 1. seeding and seedling raising: select high-yield disease resisting kind；The most whole ground field planting: field planting late September when, mu executes become thoroughly decomposed thick fertile 10000kg, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 100kg, each 1kg of boric magnesium fertilizer zinc fertilizer, spreads fertilizer over the fields earth's surface, mixes with soil with whole；Make platform furrow wide for 1.4m, and covering with plastic film, under-film drip irrigation；Every ridge cultivation plants 2 row, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30-35cm；Water foot final singling water, restrain the growth of seedlings, to promote to prick under root system；3. field management: 1) temperature treatment: during because of temperature too high generation excessive growth, available 500 times of liquid chlorocholine chloride regulation and control, spray 2-3 time；Suitable daytime in florescence temperature 20-30 DEG C, night, temperature 15-20 DEG C, less than 15 DEG C with higher than 35 DEG C of normal developments being all unfavorable for floral organ and pollination of blooming, easily caused fallen flowers；Fruit development period temperature 25-30 DEG C in suitable daytime, night temperature 13-17 DEG C；2) rich water quality management: potassium sulfate Sa Kefu 20kg to be imposed before blooming；Emphasis has watered field planting water, seedling recovering water and swollen fruit water；Carbamide and biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer is imposed in the swollen fruit phase；3) hang climing with training: hanging when the 1st sequence the flowers are in blossom flower climing, use and go alone training, all side shoots are all removed, beneficially ventilation and penetrating light, 2 fringes fruits are stayed in every strain, and every fringe stays 3-4 really；4) fruit drop is prevented: with 2,4-D point anthocaulus, concentration 10-20mg/kg, best with spending of opening on the same day, it is also possible to anti-fall vegetarian refreshments flower, concentration is 10-30mg/kg；4) disease control: Fructus Lycopersici esculenti Major Diseases has a phyllomycin, virosis, gray mold, blossom-end rot, early stage to pay attention to preventing and treating epidemic disease, and the later stage mainly prevents and treats gray mold；At the initial stage of a disease, with 500-600 times of liquid of 64% Sandofan, 68% Ridomil MZ Gold 600 times liquid, 50% diethofencarb wettable powder 600 times liquid, 72.2% general 800 times of liquid of water preparation of making every effort to overcome, 66.8% mould many grams 500-800 times liquid alternating spray；When indoor humidity is big, select the chlorothalonil smoke of 45%, every mu of 300-400g, between the lights uniform stationing fumigation；Prevent and treat gray mold: gray mold low temperature, high humidity environment is susceptible to, and temperature raising to ventilate, and reduces the air humidity in temperature canopy；At early period of origination, with the fumigation such as 10% Sukeling, every mu of consumption 0.25kg, continuous fumigation 2-3 time；Or with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Sukeling, 40% pyrimethanil 1000 times liquid spraying.

Instantiation two, the soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato, it comprises the steps: that the weight portion of 1. preparation substrate each composition siccative is: straw 50-70；Chicken manure 30-20；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10-20；Requiring the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite 1:1 is only used for sowing, transplants and covers fertilizer surface；By chicken manure, straw carries out heap preparing high-temp and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and the time of banking up is more than 60 days, breeding of temperature early stage holding 25-30 DEG C, beneficially fungal component；Later stage is maintained at 50～65 DEG C, and high temperature sterilization becomes thoroughly decomposed；Maggot, pupa or the new one-tenth fly sprouted wings that after completing, fertilizer free from extraneous odour, nothing are lived；The organic matter become thoroughly decomposed sprays clear water, biogas slurry by circulation, and mineral extract leachate, obtains organic fertilizer after collection；Organic fertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, and fertilizer efficiency equalizes, beneficially plant absorption；2. seed selection and seed treatment: select disease-resistant, the kind of good stress resistance, first by seed dry in the sun 1-2h under the low light level, then scald kind with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and be continuously agitated 15min, then using Seed soaking 1-3h, rubbing afterwash slightly and pull out, can sow；3. nurturing staff: the seedling culture hole plate of 32-50 cave/dish, sequences in furrow face after fill organic substrate, makes permeable rear preparation score Seedling；Sowing time: can be at late July to early August, monoseeding；During seedling management 50% seed sprouting, remove the mulch film that bed surface covers.Seedling age 30-35 days, 5-7 days gradually seedling exercising before field planting；4. field planting cultivation field spacing 1.1-1.2 rice is wide, it is desirable to furrow width 40 centimetres, deep 30 centimetres, and waterproof plastic is laid in bottom, inserts fertilizer 30cm, arranges organic fertilizer liquid recovery pond；By spacing in the rows 40-45 centimetre, 70 centimetres of duplicate rows plantations of line-spacing, in mid or late August to early September, selecting to have this varietal characteristic, have 5-7 sheet true leaf, the sturdy internode of the dark green bar of leaf color is short, without the strong sprout of pest and disease damage, selects successive clear dayies to open cave field planting；Finally in the ranks lay micro-irrigation flexible pipe, covering film in furrow face and put Seedling；5. cultivation management: 1) warm and humid regulation: vexed canopy 3-5 days after field planting, recover thermophilic management, i.e. daytime 23-28 DEG C, evening 15-18 DEG C after slow Seedling；Should the most suitably ventilate, keep thermophilic management, reduce air humidity in canopy；2) management phase timely and appropriate discovery supplements leachates such as spraying clear water, biogas slurry, soybean cake mineral, collects the organic fertilizer obtaining Different Nutrients content；According to weather conditions and plant growing way appearance, after being held in alive of plant field planting, just the fruit key point such as phase and swollen fruit phase is implemented to topdress；A tiller fertilizer is chased after with organic fertilizer after alive of general field planting；Two fringes fruit seats surely after and swollen fruit chase after twice swollen fruit fertilizer mid-term；In conjunction with see dry see wet, and topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy；Fruit enters green ripe stage and i.e. controls water control fertilizer；6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control 1) utilize sunshade net, fly net that vegetable is protected；The parasite killing such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed；Hanging yellow haftplatte in greenhouse, trap and kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, dive otitid in America, alatae；Also can manual removal；2) Biological control artificial propagation, release, introduce predator；It can in addition contain with Bacillus thuringiensis various polyhedrosis virus prevention and elimination of disease and pests；3) medical treatment is if desired, and tunable utilizes medical treatment；Can be with material preventing and treating vegetable fungal diseases such as the soft soap of suppression crop fungal disease, galenical, vinegar；Can use rotenone, the pyrethrin of plant origin with limitation, prosparol and kieselguhr carry out parasite killing；4) summer high temperature is utilized season booth to be carried out the cleaning of falling canopy, stifling stewing canopy；7. gather: far and near according to the market demand and transport road, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and storage and transport process should be avoided secondary pollution.Gather complete rural area, harmless treatment straw and the useless mulch film of should cleaning in time, also should complete and improve omnidistance organic production record in time and statistics is put on record work, and typing quality tracing system in time.

The implantation methods of a kind of Organic tomato proposed by the invention, the soil being primarily present during solving tomato planting and the problem of insect pest preventing and controlling, improve quality and the yield of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti output, proper scale truck garden carries out popularization and application

Utilization due to technique scheme, the embodiment of the present invention 2 has the advantage that the implantation methods of the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the present invention compared with prior embodiment 1, achieve organic safety non-pollution of tomato production, it is achieved that the anniversary Fructus Lycopersici esculenti organic plantation, be greatly improved yield；The inventive method can significantly improve the quality of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, meets organic vegetable production standard, has bigger economic benefit, and yield is suitable, and the Organic tomato market price is higher than common market price 2-3 times, and under identical yield, economic benefit increases 20000-30000 unit.

Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention; and not limitation of the present invention; those of ordinary skill about technical field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; the technical scheme of the most all equivalents falls within scope of the invention, and the scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. the invention discloses the soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato, it is characterised in that: to not carrying out chemically treated not genetically modified tomato seeds disinfection, the fertilizer after whole process utilizes the fermentation maturities such as straw makees substrate culture；Use dynamic circulation fertilizer and reclaim liquid fertilizer measure in good time；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed by last decomposition planting season and ferments again, and management phase timely and appropriate discovery supplements leachates such as spraying clear water, biogas slurry, soybean cake mineral, collect the organic fertilizer obtaining Different Nutrients content；Production and the cultivation technique without soil of the Organic tomato of eutrophy, high-quality and safety and environmental protection are combined；Overcome the conventional soil plantation Organic tomato transition period long, production site is required strict, organic fertilizer application and the problem such as pest control is difficult, it is achieved that the anniversary of Organic tomato continues high-quality and efficient production.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that early-stage preparations: booth planted agent is without exposed soil, and the outer fly net all standing of booth carries out pasteurised completely process to seedling raising greenhouse or shed, and it comprises the steps:

1) fertilizer is prepared: described organic seedling raising matrix composition is straw, chicken manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite etc., the weight portion of each composition siccative is: straw 70, chicken manure 20, peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10；Peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, covers after being used for broadcasting；Described organic culture substrate composition is straw, chicken manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite etc., and the weight portion of each composition siccative is: straw 50-60, chicken manure 30, peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, bean cake, plant ash, and the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 20-10；

2) preparing the raw material of fertilizer plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, with straw, chicken manure is primary raw material fermentation；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and utilizes the feature of fungal component, carries out early stage low temperature fermentation and the later stage becomes thoroughly decomposed or system fermentation of irritating；The fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is decomposed by planting season and ferments, and the management phase sprays clear water, biogas slurry, and mineral extracts leachate, collects the organic fertilizer obtaining different content；

3) facility condition: booth planted agent, without exposed soil, fly net all standing, carries out pasteurised completely process to seedling raising greenhouse or shed；

4) seed selection and seed treatment: selecting disease-resistant, the kind of good stress resistance, first by seed dry in the sun 1-2h under the low light level, then seed is scalded with the hot water of about 55 DEG C and plant and be continuously agitated 15min, again with Seed soaking 1～3h, rub afterwash slightly and pull out, can sow.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that nurturing staff:

1) fertilizer preparation is general in broadcasting first 2 months, and fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and mix thoroughly；Described organic seedling raising matrix composition is straw chicken manure etc.；

2) seedbed prepare: use the hole tray of 50 caves/dish, sequence in furrow face after being filled with fertilizer substrate, beat permeable after prepare sow；

3) sowing: spraying saturating bed surface, monoseeding with water, upper cover 1cm is thick, then covering with plastic film；

4), during seedling management 50% seed sprouting, the mulch film that bed surface covers is removed；Seedling age 30-35 days, 5-7 days gradually seedling exercising before field planting.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that field planting:

1) field planting prepares, and cultivation field should rise stubble, cleaning-sterilizing as early as possible, makes wide 1.4m furrow, reserves the cultivation ditch of wide 40cm simultaneously, again update organic substrate between furrow；The 7-10 days vexed canopies of buckle film before field planting；

2) field planting operates in mid or late August to JIUYUE early and middle ten days, selection has this varietal characteristic, tool 5-7 sheet true leaf, leaf color is dark green, and the sturdy internode of cane is short, strong sprout without pest and disease damage, select successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 30cm × 45cm, and irrigate in time and determine root water, the flat cave of harmony root, finally in the ranks laying micro-irrigation flexible pipe in furrow face, covering film also puts Seedling.

5. the soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato stated according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cultivation management: the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in the cultivation bed being planted in cultivation booth is carried out cultivation management, including irrigating, fertilising, Plant adjustment；Irrigate, use sprinkling irrigation and organic fertilizer alternate intersection to irrigate；Fertilising, uses organic fertilizer, and the concentration of fertilizer is carried out fuzzy quantitative；Organic fertilizer used meets regulation in organic products standard GB/T/T19630.1-2011；Plant adjustment, uses humiture control tomato production；According to weather and field water holding situation, water in conjunction with topdressing, before liquid fertilizer uses and after collection, can be planted experimentally in advance by liquid fertilizer fuzzy dynamic and plant, determine the suitable degree of liquid fertilizer concentration；It is beneficial to preferably recycle, after each watering, fertilizing 0.5-2 hour, starts to collect solution；Guarantee that culture medium is in semi-wet state, beneficially root growth in most of time, control the growth of blade appropriateness；And topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy, fruit enters green ripe stage, and i.e. to control water control fertile.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that temperature and humidity regulation, should the most suitably ventilate, and keeps thermophilic management, reduces air humidity in canopy.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that protect Hua Liuguo, after a Honoka has 2-3 opening, artificial or honeybee pollination.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that use the comprehensive preventive health measures of the pest and disease damages such as sunshade net, Biological control, medical treatment.

The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that gather, far and near according to the market demand and transport road, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and storage and transport process should be avoided secondary pollution；Gather and complete should clean rural area in time.