CN102257917B - Cost-saving and yield-increasing culture technique for southern winter potato - Google Patents
Cost-saving and yield-increasing culture technique for southern winter potato Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of culture of potato, and particularly discloses a cost-saving and yield-increasing culture technique for southern winter planting potato. The technique comprises the following steps of: selecting a land, preparing the land and furrowing; applying a base fertilizer; treating potato seeds; seeding; covering with soil; covering with a film; earthing up the film; managing liquid manure, weeds and insect pests; and harvesting, wherein a method of earthing up the film is that: a layer of smashed soil of 5-8 centimeters is covered on the film by using a machine or a hoe, so that the film on a ridge surface is covered fully. In the technique, an integral water manure furrow application method is used innovatively, so that the labor per acre is saved by 7 persons, and the acre yield is up to 9,136 jin. Due to the adoption of the technique, the increase in of the yield of potato is facilitated, the production cost is lowered, and the economic benefit of potato production is increased. On the aspect of technique, the process flow of potato production is completed, the production time of potato is shortened, and a solid technical foundation is laid for the popularizing scale, standardization and commercial production of the potato industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the potato culture technical field.
Background technology
Potato (
Solanurn tuberosumL.) be Solanaceae Solanum economic crops.Potato is the high-yield crop of grain, vegetables, feed dual-purpose; Because stem tuber contains nutriments such as more starch, abundant vitamin and lysine; Be a kind of good food, have higher nutritive value, be called the food of " perfect in every way " by nutritionist both at home and abroad with grain and vegetables, the multiple characteristics of fruit; Being described as " underground apple " and human " second bread ", is the most important food of many in the world countries.
China is potato production big country, and the potato gross yield occupies the first in the world, and there is rich practice experience in China at the potato culture technical elements.Low because of winter temperature, rainfall is few, the winter planting potato requires strict to each link of planting technology, the winter planting potato in the mountain area, North Guangdong is adopted conventional kind method for planting, per mu yield is generally 2000 ~ 7000 jin.
The present film-mulching technique that more generally adopts of plantation potato has soil moisture conservation, temperature adjustment, improves soil structure, helps advantage such as potato plant growth, and concrete grammar is a whole ground ridging; Sow potato set behind the ridging, after planting timely covering with plastic film, real around the mulch film with soil pressure; The back rupture of membranes of emerging connects seedling, around the real cut of soil pressure, in order to heat and moisture preserving (Zhang Weikai; Jiang Fuyou, Fu Jiyong, Fuquan City toxicity-removing white potato varietal yield test; The China potato, 2002,16 (1): 36 pages second section).Li Yingwen, Chen Zhongnan, Wang Qunfang etc., the experiment in cultivation of potato straw black film no-tillage with straw mulch, Chinese potato, 2008,22 (5): 296 pages of also records: " will carry out rupture of membranes with spillikin behind the potato seedling teleblem, carry out once in per 2 days, till neat seedling." need potato exposed at the laggard pedestrian worker's rupture of membranes of emerging in above-mentioned two pieces of papers, need the manpower and the time of labor.
Water and fertilizer management is the important step of proportion of crop planting, and the method for fertilising generally is with the fertilizer ditch spread, spreads manuer in holes or spread fertilizer over the fields big Tanaka, pours water then, and fertilizer is penetrated in the soil; Or pour water earlier, then with broadcast application in water, fertilizer is dissolved in the water.Above-mentioned fertilization mode is not only wanted the manpower and the time of labor, and fertilizer is difficult for fully being dissolved in the water, and some local root system of plant absorbs the nutrient less than fertilizer, and fertilizer utilization ratio is lower.More abundant for what fertilizer was dissolved in water, people are with after broadcast application is in water, and people's pin also will be walked in water one time, has further increased the expenditure of manpower and time.
Summary of the invention
In view of this; Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation technology; The method of ridging, the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure not only can be saved great amount of manpower and time, and can obviously be improved yield of potato on the employing film of this technological innovation; Fundamentally improve the economic benefit of producing potato, promoted scale, standardization, the commercial running production of Potato Industry.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
South Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation technology, steps in sequence is: choosing ground reaches and plays furrow wholely; Basal dressing; Potato seed is handled; Sowing; Blinding; The lid film; Earth up on the film; Integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure and weeds pest management; Results.
The ridging method is on the said film: on film, cover the hack of 5 ~ 8 centimetres of one decks with machine or hoe, guarantee ridge face film is all covered.
The integrated ditch fertilise of said liquid manure method is before pouring water, and places container at the place, water source, earlier fertilizer is dissolved in the water in the container, then when pouring water with pipeline in the fertilizer water conservancy diversion entry in the container
Said choosing ground and the method that plays furrow are wholely: selection free of frost weather, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenience, no herbicide residue, short texture, slightly acidic sandy loam paddy field, behind the paddy rice harvesting, during ground moistening; With ridger or medium-sized tractor ridging, the layer that guarantees to loosen the soil reaches 15 ~ 25cm, ridge face width 60 ~ 80cm; Ridge bottom width 100 ~ 120cm, the high 15 ~ 25cm in ridge, furrow width 15 ~ 25cm; Ditch depth 15 ~ 20cm opens the dark dressing furrow of 15 ~ 25cm in the middle of the ridge.
Said base manure and consumption are the every mu of chicken manure 800 ~ 1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 65 ~ 85kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 15 ~ 35kg, potassium magnesium sulfate 7 ~ 13kg, fertilizer execute in the dressing furrow in the middle of the ridge.
Said potato seed processing method is:
(1) seed selection: select the high-quality virus-free seed potato;
(2) potato seed is preserved and selected: the potato seed gunnysack is opened, placed indoor cool place, drying, ventilation evenly to spread out potato seed, strictness is chosen and is removed sick mashed potato;
(3) stripping and slicing: basked seeds and stripping and slicing in preceding 1 day in plantation, cutting kind of a principle is to utilize apical dominance as far as possible, guarantees that each stripping and slicing has 1 eye at least; Each stripping and slicing weight 20 ~ 30g gram; Reduce the otch area, concrete cutting method is the umbilical region crosscut of elder generation from the potato piece, then otch is affixed on the plate face and cuts second again; This step that circulates is up to cutting;
(4) vernalization sterilization: restrain with gibberellin pulvis 0.002 ~ 0.006 gram and 70% agricultural streptomycin 5 ~ 15, convert 50 kilograms in water, then the potato piece is immersed in the solution pick up after 5 ~ 6 seconds, airing.
Said type of seeding is: at dressing furrow both sides pendulum kind, be advisable with 5000 ~ 6000 strain/mus, duplicate rows is planted, line-spacing 15 ~ 18cm in the ridge, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 25cm, eye down, wound makes progress.
Said blinding method is: earth is covered on the potato piece 5 ~ 6 centimetres.
Said lid film process is: the black thin film with width 80cm covers the potato piece.
Integrated ditch fertilise of said liquid manure and weeds pest management method are:
(1) the short seedling of profit soil of pouring water for the first time: planted the back 7 ~ 9 days, and, guaranteed that the earth on the furrow was fully drenched with the furrow irrigation mode profit soil of pouring water, water level account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening, have ponding to drain;
(2) growth promotion of pouring water for the second time, apply fertilizer for the first time: planted the back 25 ~ 35 days; After potato all emerges, when soil is dry, irritates for the second time water and execute fertile for the first time; Irrigation quantity account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2; It is the Sa Kefu composite fertilizer of 15:15:15 that fertilizer is selected nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio for use, and consumption is every mu of 10 ~ 20kg, and fertilizing method adopts the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure method;
(3) weeding: when weeds all grow native face, select fine calm weather, 300 times of liquid of the paraquat with 20% carry out the directed spraying weeding;
(4) anti-cutworm and aphid: select fine afternoon, with the stomach toxicity property pesticide control of tagging, the said stomach toxicity property agricultural chemicals of tagging can be selected beta-cypermethrin;
(5) third and fourth time poured water: planted the back 38 ~ 42 days, 48 ~ 52 days, each primary water that irrigates through furrow, water level account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening;
(6) the control seedling is short expands: when full field potato haulm all seals row, spray with 0.001 ~ 0.003% propane azoles aqueous solution;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. prevent and treat method mid-term: plant back 37 ~ 43 days with 70% Wettable propineb powder, 20 ~ 30g, agricultural streptomycin 10 ~ 20g, 10% Imidacloprid pulvis 10 ~ 20g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25 ~ 35 grams; Convert water 12 ~ 18kg spraying; Every mu with soup 40 ~ 50kg, whenever later on sprays once at a distance from 10 days, sprays altogether 2 times;
2. the later stage is prevented and treated method: planted back 60 days or have when finding diseased plant; Available metalaxyl-mn-zn 20 ~ 30g, 15 ~ 20% agricultural streptomycin wetting powders, 10 ~ 20g, 10% Imidacloprid pulvis 10 ~ 20g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25 ~ 35 grams; Convert water 12 ~ 18kg spraying; Every mu with soup 55 ~ 65kg, whenever later on sprays once at a distance from 8 ~ 12 days, sprays altogether 2 ~ 4 times.
(8) irritate the 5th water, execute fertile for the second time:
Plant the back in the time of 60-70 days, carry out the 5th time and pour water, execute fertile for the second time; Irrigation quantity account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2; Fertilizer uses the instant Sa Kefu composite fertilizer of nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio as 18:6:16, and consumption is every mu of 12 ~ 18kg, and fertilizing method adopts the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure method;
(9) irritate the 6th, seven water:
Kind the back 80 days, 95 days, each irritates primary water, water level account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/3, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening.
The time of said results is meant when cauline leaf flavescence, reaches vegetative period more than 110 days.
The present invention compares prior art and has following beneficial effect:
1, in the potato culture technology of the present invention behind sowing and overlay film, innovation ground adopts the step of earthing up on the film, has following advantage:
(1) saves a large amount of manpowers and cost of labor: the principle of utilizing reaction force; Its effect is to give the potato piece under the film certain pressure; After eye on the potato piece grows up to the potato seedling, the potato seedling can be under the effect of pressure bursting film voluntarily, removed spent manpower and the time of artificial rupture of membrane from; Can save 2 stations than conventional artificial rupture of membrane, the technology of earthing up on the film has great importance to the potato large-scale planting;
(2) the cauline leaf damage of avoiding conventional ridging to cause: through disposable ridging behind the overlay film, avoided conventional potato artificial rupture of membrane to emerge after, seedling stage, ridging caused the damage of cauline leaf, had reduced the generation of diseases such as mashed stem, had increased substantially the survival rate in seedling stage;
(3) keep soil from packing together: through earthing up on the film, extraneous rainwater can not directly get into soil from the soil table, can not cause that upper layer of soil hardens, and keeps the loosing soil degree, and good permeability helps the growth of root system and expanding of potato piece, improves potato yield;
(4) ridging can stop the sunlight direct projection on the film: through earthing up on the film, stopped the direct projection of sunlight, reduced growing of weeds, reduced the manpower and the means of agricultural production cost of artificial weeding and herbicide spraying; Can also prevent the potato dragon blue or green head that the last of the ten Heavenly stems, plain generation caused, cover and conventional overlay film commodity rate raising 10% than conventional straw;
(5) heat and moisture preserving, shorten vegetative period: through earthing up on the film, compare the covering of conventional overlay film or straw and maybe can improve ground temperature 2-3 degree, heat and moisture preserving was emerged 5 days than conventional overlay film or the covering of conventional straw ahead of time, had shortened the production cycle;
(6) generation of minimizing damage by disease and insect: through earthing up on the film, prevent the direct intrusion of late blight disease, reduce the chance of the infection of potato piece; And the generation that has reduced the cutworm insect pest; Simultaneously, reduce the access times of agricultural chemicals, guaranteed the commodity of potato; Improve output, reduced means of agricultural production costs such as agricultural chemicals;
(7) be convenient to results:, when results, directly raise film through the use of present technique; Potato is mainly concentrated film soil table down, and just pick up and can pack, and the few foundry loam of potato piece; Advantages such as color and luster cadmium yellow light is beautiful; Cover results than conventional straw and save 2 stations for every mu, simultaneously, the conventional straw of ratio of yampi (more than 250 grams) covers and increases by 20%.
2, the method for the integrated ditch fertilise of employing liquid manure of the present invention's innovation; Not only can make fertilizer distribution uniform in the ridge; Make the whole root systems of plant can both absorb fertilizer, make whole plant can both obtain the nourishing of fertilizer, improved fertilizer utilization ratio; Carry a load to drench and execute but also can reduce manual work, this method is compared conventional artificial the pouring and is executed every mu of liquid manure method and can save 2 stations.
3, the present invention south Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation technology is one to be enclosed within the systematized abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation technology of southern winter planting potato; Ridging on the film, the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure and choosing ground reach and play being used in combination of technology such as furrow, basal dressing, potato seed processing, sowing, blinding, lid film, liquid manure and weeds pest management, results wholely; Every mu of labour has saved 7; In Tie Yong town, Huidong, Guangdong; Every per mu yield can reach 9136 jin, and every per mu yield covers than conventional straw and conventional overlay film increases by 20%.Use of the present invention helps the raising of potato yield, has reduced production cost, fundamentally, has improved the economic benefit of producing potato.Technically, production time of potato has been shortened in the technological process that perfect potato produces, and for promoting scale, standardization, the commercial running production of Potato Industry, has established solid technical foundation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed explanation, embodiment just illustrates of the present invention, is not to qualification of the present invention.
South Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation technology, concrete grammar is:
1, choosing ground reaches and plays furrow wholely
Select benign climate (free of frost), have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenience, abundant manpower, the slightly acidic sandy loam paddy field of short texture (no herbicide residue), behind the paddy rice harvesting, during ground moistening; Use the ridger ridging, the layer that guarantees to loosen the soil reaches 20cm, ridge face width 70cm; Ridge bottom width (bag ditch) 110cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow width 20cm; Ditch depth 20cm opens dark dressing furrow in the middle of the ridge.
2, basal dressing
Execute the chicken manure 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer (N15:P15:K15) 75kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 25kg, potassium magnesium sulfate 10kg, fertilizer execute in the dark dressing furrow in the middle of the ridge.
3, potato seed is handled
(1) seed selection: select high-quality virus-free seed potato Guangdong to draw 85-38 potato kind, rank is nine magnificent board original seeds;
(2) potato seed is preserved and selected: the potato seed gunnysack is opened, placed indoor cool place, drying, ventilation evenly to spread out potato seed, strictness is chosen and is removed sick mashed potato;
(3) carry out stripping and slicing before the vernalization: for water content and the vitality that guarantees potato seed, rationally utilize potato seed, basked seeds and stripping and slicing in preceding 1 day in plantation; Cutting kind of a principle is to utilize apical dominance as far as possible, guarantees that each stripping and slicing has 1 eye at least, each stripping and slicing weight 25g gram; Reduce the otch area, concrete cutting method is the umbilical region crosscut of elder generation from the potato piece, then otch is affixed on the plate face and cuts second again; This step that circulates is up to cutting;
(4) vernalization sterilization: restrain with gibberellin pulvis 0.004 gram and 70% agricultural streptomycin 10, convert 100 jin in water, then the potato piece is immersed in the solution pick up after 5 ~ 6 seconds, airing;
4, sowing
After having executed base manure, at dressing furrow both sides pendulum kind, be advisable with 5000 strain/mus, duplicate rows is planted, line-spacing 18cm in the ridge, spacing in the rows 20cm, eye down, wound makes progress.
5, blinding
Beat again once along ditch with ditching machine, after smashing earth is covered on the potato piece 5-6 centimetre.
6, lid film
Cover 80 centimetres of width with black thin film.
7, earth up on the film
On film, cover one deck 5-8 centimetre hack with machine or hoe, guarantee whole the covering of ridge face film simultaneously, dug a ridge irrigation and drainage ditch.Blinding will guarantee earth thickness at 5 ~ 8 centimetres on the film, otherwise pressure is not enough, is difficult to emerge, and is prone to a blue or green potato simultaneously.In addition, the earth of lid film is in small, broken bits, otherwise can stop that plant emerges.
8, integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure and weeds pest management
(1) the short seedling of profit soil of pouring water for the first time
Kind of back 8 days, will look also specifically soil moisture, temperature comes is irrigation period and irrigation quantity surely, preferably stripping and slicing has sprouted and has just poured water behind the long root; Relatively be difficult for mashed kind, pour water with the furrow irrigation mode and moisten soil, guarantee that the earth on the furrow is fully drenched; Water level account for the ridge high about 1/3; Let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product, have ponding to drain until ground moistening.
(2) pour water for the second time, first ditch fertilising growth promotion
Plant the back 30 days, and when soil is dry after potato all emerges, the ditch spread disposable fertilizer, help promoting potato haulm to be grown.It is the Sa Kefu composite fertilizer of 15:15:15 that fertilizer is selected nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio for use; Consumption is every mu of 10 ~ 20kg; Fertilizing method adopts the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure method, and the integrated ditch fertilise of said liquid manure method is to place container at the place, water source, earlier fertilizer is dissolved in the water in the container; Then when pouring water with pipeline in the fertilizer water conservancy diversion entry in the container, irrigation quantity account for the ridge high 1/3;
(3) weeding
Furrow face behind the mulching straw seldom grows weeds, is primarily aimed at the weeds on ditch both sides.
Herbicidal methods: when weeds all grow native face, select fine calm weather, the gram with 20% does not have 300 times of liquid of track and carries out directed spraying (promptly 50 milliliters of medicaments are converted 30 jin of sprayings of water), can not be sprayed onto potato leaf, otherwise cause poisoning.
(4) anti-cutworm
After emerging, just have the phenomenon appearance that cutworm bites base of the plant broken, leaf back has aphid to cause harm simultaneously.
Prevent and treat method: select fine afternoon, with 500 times beta-cypermethrin spraying desinsection.
(5) third and fourth time poured water
Kind of back 40,50 days, furrow irrigation primary water, water level account for the ridge high about 1/3, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening, help promoting potato haulm to be grown.
(6) the control seedling is short expands
When full field potato haulm all seals row, spray with the 0.002% propane azoles aqueous solution;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest
Damage by disease and insect is relied mainly on prevention, and controlling is the policy of assisting.
Prevent and treat method mid-term: plant back 40 days with 800 times of 70% Wettable propineb powders (safe and sound life) (25 gram)+1000 times of (15 gram)+10% Imidacloprid 15g of agricultural streptomycin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 grams; Convert 30 jin of sprayings of water; Every mu with 90 jin of soups (i.e. 3 sprayer water); Whenever once, spray altogether 2 times later at a distance from spray in 10 days.
Later stage is prevented and treated method: planted back 60 days or have when finding diseased plant; The many Mils of available golden flower bud 800 times of (25 gram) or 1000 times of (15 gram)+10% Imidacloprid 15g of 800 times of (25 milliliters)+agricultural streptomycins of Yin Fali and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 grams;, convert 30 jin of sprayings of water, every mu with 120 jin of soups (i.e. 4 sprayer water); Whenever once, spray altogether 3 times later at a distance from spray in 10 days.
(8) irritate fertile for the second time, irritate water the 5th time
Plant the back in the time of 65 days; To look potato growing way and leaf look and come certainly whether to irritate fertile, the effect of can keeping a full stand of seedings of current fertilizer, the function in prolongation vegetative period. it is the Sa Kefu composite fertilizer of 18:6:16 that fertilizer is selected nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio for use; Consumption is every mu of 15kg; Fertilizing method adopts the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure method, and the integrated ditch fertilise of said liquid manure method is to place container at the place, water source, earlier fertilizer is dissolved in the water in the container; Then when pouring water with pipeline in the fertilizer water conservancy diversion entry in the container, irrigation quantity account for the ridge high 1/3;
(9) irritate the 6th, seven water
Kind the back 80 days, 95 days, each irritates primary water, water level account for the ridge high about 1/4, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening, help potato and expand, the prolongation cauline leaf life-span.
9, results
When cauline leaf flavescence, reach 110 days vegetative period, just can gather in the crops.
The above embodiment has only expressed embodiment of the present invention; It describes comparatively concrete and detailed; But can not therefore be interpreted as restriction to claim of the present invention; In every case adopt the technical scheme that form obtained that is equal to replacement or equivalent transformation, all should drop within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method is characterized in that steps in sequence is: choosing ground reaches and plays furrow wholely; Basal dressing; Potato seed is handled; Sowing; Blinding; The lid film; Earth up on the film; Integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure and weeds pest management; Results;
The ridging method is on the said film: on film, cover the hack of 5 ~ 8 centimetres of one decks with machine or hoe, guarantee ridge face film is all covered;
The integrated ditch fertilise of said liquid manure method is: before pouring water, place container at the place, water source, earlier fertilizer be dissolved in the water in the container, then when pouring water with pipeline in the fertilizer water conservancy diversion entry in the container.
2. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, the method that it is characterized in that said choosing ground and play furrow wholely is: selection free of frost weather, have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage convenience, no herbicide residue, short texture, slightly acidic sandy loam paddy field, behind the paddy rice harvesting; During ground moistening, with ridger or medium-sized tractor ridging, the layer that guarantees to loosen the soil reaches 15 ~ 25cm; Ridge face width 60 ~ 80cm; Ridge bottom width 100 ~ 120cm, the high 15 ~ 25cm in ridge, furrow width 15 ~ 25cm; Ditch depth 15 ~ 20cm opens the dark dressing furrow of 15 ~ 25cm in the middle of the ridge.
3. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that said base manure and consumption are the every mu of chicken manure 800 ~ 1200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, Sa Kefu composite fertilizer 65 ~ 85kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 15 ~ 35kg; Potassium magnesium sulfate 7 ~ 13kg, fertilizer execute in the dressing furrow in the middle of the ridge.
4. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that said potato seed processing method is:
(1) seed selection: select the high-quality virus-free seed potato;
(2) potato seed is preserved and selected: the potato seed gunnysack is opened, placed indoor cool place, drying, ventilation evenly to spread out potato seed, strictness is chosen and is removed sick mashed potato;
(3) stripping and slicing: basked seeds and stripping and slicing in preceding 1 day in plantation, cutting kind of a principle is to utilize apical dominance as far as possible, guarantees that each stripping and slicing has 1 eye at least; Each stripping and slicing weight 20 ~ 30g gram; Reduce the otch area, concrete cutting method is the umbilical region crosscut of elder generation from the potato piece, then otch is affixed on the plate face and cuts second again; This step that circulates is up to cutting;
(4) vernalization sterilization: restrain with gibberellin pulvis 0.002 ~ 0.006 gram and 70% agricultural streptomycin 5 ~ 15, convert 50 kilograms in water, then the potato piece is immersed in the solution pick up after 5 ~ 6 seconds, airing.
5. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that said type of seeding is: pendulum is planted on the dressing furrow both sides, is advisable with 5000 ~ 6000 strain/mus; Duplicate rows is planted, line-spacing 15 ~ 18cm in the ridge, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 25cm; Eye down, wound is upwards.
6. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that said blinding method is: earth is covered on the potato piece 5 ~ 6 centimetres.
7. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that said lid film process is: the black thin film with width 80cm covers the potato piece.
8. southern Winter potato abridged edition yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that integrated ditch fertilise of said liquid manure and weeds pest management method are:
(1) the short seedling of profit soil of pouring water for the first time: planted the back 7 ~ 9 days, and, guaranteed that the earth on the furrow was fully drenched with the furrow irrigation mode profit soil of pouring water, water level account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening, have ponding to drain;
(2) growth promotion of pouring water for the second time, apply fertilizer for the first time: planted the back 25 ~ 35 days; After potato all emerges, when soil is dry, irritates for the second time water and execute fertile for the first time; Irrigation quantity account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2; It is the Sa Kefu composite fertilizer of 15:15:15 that fertilizer is selected nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio for use, and consumption is every mu of 10 ~ 20kg, and fertilizing method adopts the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure method;
(3) weeding: when weeds all grow native face, select fine calm weather, 300 times of liquid of the paraquat with 20% carry out the directed spraying weeding;
(4) anti-cutworm and aphid: select fine afternoon, with the stomach toxicity property pesticide control of tagging, the said stomach toxicity property agricultural chemicals of tagging can be selected beta-cypermethrin;
(5) third and fourth time poured water: planted the back 38 ~ 42 days, 48 ~ 52 days, each primary water that irrigates through furrow, water level account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening;
(6) the control seedling is short expands: when full field potato haulm all seals row, spray with 0.001 ~ 0.003% propane azoles aqueous solution;
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. prevent and treat method mid-term: plant back 37 ~ 43 days with 70% Wettable propineb powder, 20 ~ 30g, agricultural streptomycin 10 ~ 20g, 10% Imidacloprid pulvis 10 ~ 20g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25 ~ 35 grams; Convert water 12 ~ 18kg spraying; Every mu with soup 40 ~ 50kg, whenever later on sprays once at a distance from 10 days, sprays altogether 2 times;
2. the later stage is prevented and treated method: planted back 60 days or have when finding diseased plant; Available metalaxyl-mn-zn 20 ~ 30g, 15 ~ 20% agricultural streptomycin wetting powders, 10 ~ 20g, 10% Imidacloprid pulvis 10 ~ 20g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 25 ~ 35 grams; Convert water 12 ~ 18kg spraying; Every mu with soup 55 ~ 65kg, whenever later on sprays once at a distance from 8 ~ 12 days, sprays altogether 2 ~ 4 times;
(8) irritate the 5th water, execute fertile for the second time:
Plant the back in the time of 60-70 days, carry out the 5th time and pour water, execute fertile for the second time; Irrigation quantity account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/2; Fertilizer uses the instant Sa Kefu composite fertilizer of nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio as 18:6:16, and consumption is every mu of 12 ~ 18kg, and fertilizing method adopts the integrated ditch fertilise of liquid manure method;
(9) irritate the 6th, seven water:
Kind the back 80 days, 95 days, each irritates primary water, water level account for the ridge high 1/5 ~ 1/3, let moisture slowly permeate up, get final product until ground moistening.
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