CN105075637B - A kind of cultural method of potato - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of potato Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075637B CN105075637B CN201510563172.4A CN201510563172A CN105075637B CN 105075637 B CN105075637 B CN 105075637B CN 201510563172 A CN201510563172 A CN 201510563172A CN 105075637 B CN105075637 B CN 105075637B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of potato.This method includes：Site preparation；Fertilising；Field management；The site preparation comprises the following steps：Row spacing is set to 90 120cm, ridge high setting is 18 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 16 18cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2；The fertilizer of the fertilising is the mixture for being uniformly mixed so as to obtain fertilizer synergist and base manure；The agricultural chemicals applied in the field management is that agricultural chemicals control is lost into the mixture that agent is uniformly mixed so as to obtain with prevention and control medicament.Proved by testing：The potato culture method of the present invention can promote potato to get bumper crops, and environmental pollution be reduced, with larger application prospect.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of cultural method of potato, belong to field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Potato is to be only second to paddy rice, wheat, the fourth-largest crops of corn, China's cultivated area and total output in the world
Occupy first place in the world, be that potato produces the first big country.Potato wide adaptability, short breeding time, comprehensive nutrition and industry chain length,
Yield potential is big, prospect of industrial development is wide, it has also become the northern area of China is shaken off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, southern area foreign exchange earning it is important
Pillar industry.However, it is to restrict one of factor of China's Development of Potato Industry that High yield and efficiency, which lacks, Development of Novel is efficient
Cultivation mode turns into the bottleneck problem urgently broken through.
In recent years, potato culture technology stays in traditional mode always, is primarily present following 4 shortcomings：(1) potato
Line-spacing is too small, is easily mutually blocked between adjacent lines, influences photosynthesis；(2) ventilation effect is poor, and field humidity is larger, leads
Potato disease is caused easily to break out；(3) row spacing is smaller, is unfavorable for artificial and mechanical work；(4) traditional fertilizer and agricultural chemicals easily lead to
Volatilization, runoff and Loss by leaching are crossed into air, soil and water body, not only causes utilization rate low, and cause environmental pollution.
These shortcomings of traditional cultivation pattern, not only have a strong impact on potato yield, and cause environmental pollution, as potato production
Middle urgent problem to be solved.Therefore research and extension novel environment friendly high-efficiency potato culture new technology, is produced for improving potato
Amount, preserves the ecological environment, and promotes Potato Industry sustainable health development significant.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultural method of potato.
The cultural method for the potato that the present invention is provided comprises the following steps：Site preparation, fertilising, sowing and field management are applied
Agricultural chemicals, obtains potato plant；
The site preparation comprises the following steps：Row spacing is set to 90-120cm, ridge high setting is 18-20cm, and spacing in the rows is set
For 16-18cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2；
The fertilizer of the fertilising is the mixture for being uniformly mixed so as to obtain fertilizer synergist and base manure；
The fertilizer synergist, which is prepared as follows, to be obtained：By attapulgite, chitosan, sodium citrate and corruption
Phytic acid is mixed, and obtains the fertilizer synergist；
The attapulgite, the chitosan, the mass ratio of the sodium citrate and the humic acid are (20-30)：(1-
3)：(20-30)：(5-10)；
The agricultural chemicals is that agricultural chemicals control is lost into the mixture that agent is uniformly mixed so as to obtain with prevention and control medicament；
The agricultural chemicals control mistake agent, which is prepared as follows, to be obtained：By attapulgite, montmorillonite, sodium citrate and water
Mix, obtain the agricultural chemicals control and lose agent；
The attapulgite, the montmorillonite, the mass ratio of the sodium citrate and the water are (20-30)：(10-
20)：(3-8)：(4000-6000).
In the above method, the mass ratio of the fertilizer synergist and the base manure is 1 ︰ 10；Agent and institute are lost in the agricultural chemicals control
The mass ratio for stating prevention and control medicament is (1-3) ︰ 10.
In the above method, it is described fertilizer synergist is mixed into base manure after rate of fertilizer can reduce to be not added with appoint
The 80-90% of the rate of fertilizer of what synergist；It is described agricultural chemicals control mistake agent is mixed into the applications of pesticide amount after prevention and control medicament can be with
Reduce to the 80-95% for the applications of pesticide amount for being not added with any control mistake agent.
In the above method, the preparation method of the fertilizer synergist also comprises the following steps：By attapulgite, chitosan,
Sodium citrate and humic acid are mixed, and obtain mixture；Then the mixture is sequentially passed through into r x ray irradiation xs and ultraviolet is irradiated
Afterwards, the fertilizer synergist is obtained.
In the above method, the agricultural chemicals control is lost agent preparation method and also comprised the following steps：By attapulgite, montmorillonite, lemon
Lemon acid sodium and water are mixed, and obtain mixture；After the mixture is sequentially passed through stirring and dried, obtain the agricultural chemicals control and lose
Agent.
In the above method, the line-spacing per the row of ridge kind 2 is 15-20cm.
In the above method,
The dosage of the r x ray irradiation xs is 10-50kGy；
The time of the r x ray irradiation xs is 10-50min；
The power of the ultraviolet irradiation is 100-200W；
The wavelength of the ultraviolet irradiation is 350-400nm；
The time of the ultraviolet irradiation is 10-20min；
The condition of the stirring is that 2000-5000rpm stirs 20-50min；
It under conditions of 60-120 DEG C by mixture drying to water content is 7-12% that the condition of the drying, which is,.
In the above method, the line-spacing per the row of ridge kind 2 is 15-20cm.
In the above method, the base manure is selected from following at least one：Urea, ammonium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, composite fertilizer and
Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
In the above method, the prevention and control medicament is selected from following at least one：Insecticide, acaricide, rat poison, kill software move
Agent, bactericide, nematicide, herbicide and plant growth regulator.
In the above method, the ammonium fertilizer is ammonium chloride；The bactericide is atropic power, Ke Lu or Yin Fali.
It is a further object to provide the complete sets of products for potato culture.
Agent lost by above-mentioned fertilizer synergist and above-mentioned agricultural chemicals control provided by the present invention for the complete sets of products of potato culture
Composition.
Last purpose of the invention is to provide the new application of the above method or above-mentioned complete sets of products.
The invention provides the application of the above method or above-mentioned complete sets of products at least one of following (1)-(4)：
(1) potato yield is improved；
(2) potato Aboveground Biomass of Young is improved；
(3) potato plant height is increased；
(4) increase potato haulm is thick.
The present invention organically combines fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control mistake agent, plays its collaboration and makees
With promotion potato high yield.The specific advantage of this method：(1) the micro-nano net that fertilizer synergist is formed by natural nano-material
Network structure control chemical fertilizer nutrient is lost in, while the urase and nitrification that possess using natural material suppress function, delays nitrogen to exist
Switching rate in soil, realizes that control becomes estranged to be sustained and effectively combines, greatly improve fertilizer nutrient utilization, reduce environmental pollution；
(2) method of soil preparation reduces plant and mutually blocked, increase effective illuminating area by setting the wide ridge high ridge of duplicate rows, strengthens photosynthetic make
With, gas permeability can be effectively improved with time width ridge, is conducive to photosynthetic and respiration, Soil Micro-environment humidity can also be adjusted,
Reduce the incidence of disease；(3) porous network structure that agricultural chemicals control mistake agent possesses by natural clay material improves agricultural chemicals on blade face
Adhesive force, reduces volatilization and leaching loss, so as to possess the effect of synergy, prolongation of effect, decrement, emission reduction.
Shown by multiple field experiment research：Fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control are lost into agent to organically combine
Apply to after potato culture, utilization ratio of the potato to key elements such as water, fertilizer, light, heat can be improved, not only make the strain of potato
High, stem is thick, Aboveground Biomass of Young increase, and may also reach up the purpose of potato high yield, environment is also reduced in addition dirty
Dye, with preferable application prospect.
Embodiment
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material, reagent used etc., unless otherwise specified, are commercially obtained in following embodiments.
The kind of potato in following embodiments is No. 9 original seeds of blue or green potato, is the land-reclaimable office's stock breeding distribution centre in Ningxia
Product.
Composite fertilizer in following embodiments：N-P2O5-K2O=15：15：15；For the production of the red Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co. Ltd., in Anhui
Product.
Yin Fali in following embodiments is the product of Bayer Cropscience (China) Co., Ltd.
Urea in following embodiments is the product of Luxi Chemical Group Co., Ltd..
Gram dew in following embodiments is the product of Shanghai Dubang Agricultural Chemicals Co., Ltd..
Ammonium chloride in following embodiments is the product of Shanxi Lei Xin Chemical Co., Ltd.s.
Atropic power in following embodiments is the product of Singapore's power agriculture.
Attapulgite, chitosan, sodium citrate, montmorillonite and humic acid in following embodiments are the bright U.S. mineral in Anhui
The product of Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1, the potato culture method of high-efficiency environment friendly and its comparison with conventional potato culture method
1st, conventional potato culture method
Conventional potato culture method comprises the following steps：(1) breeding is selected；(2) site preparation；(3) (base manure) is applied fertilizer；
(4) stripping and slicing and vernalization；(5) sow；(6) field management (applying pesticides)；(7) harvest.
2nd, the potato culture method of high-efficiency environment friendly
The potato culture method of high-efficiency environment friendly is during above-mentioned conventional potato culture, to some following progress
Improve：
(1) fertilizer synergist：During the fertilising of conventional method, by fertilizer synergist proportionally (in 100kg base manure
Add 10kg fertilizer synergists) be mixed into base manure after conventionally apply；After fertilizer synergist is mixed into base manure
Rate of fertilizer can reduce to the 80-90% for the rate of fertilizer for being not added with any synergist；
The preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer synergist is：Attapulgite, chitosan, sodium citrate and humic acid are mixed, it is recessed
Convex rod soil, chitosan, the mass ratio of sodium citrate and humic acid are (20-30)：(1-3)：(20-30)：(5-10), is mixed
Thing；Then mixture is sequentially passed through after r x ray irradiation xs and ultraviolet irradiation, obtains fertilizer synergist；Above-mentioned r x ray irradiation xs
Dosage is 10-50kGy；The time of above-mentioned r x ray irradiation xs is 10-50min；The power of above-mentioned ultraviolet irradiation is 100-
200W；The wavelength of above-mentioned ultraviolet irradiation is 350-400nm；The time of above-mentioned ultraviolet irradiation is 10-20min；
(2) method of soil preparation：During the site preparation of conventional method, row spacing is set to 90-120cm, ridge high setting is 18-
20cm, spacing in the rows is set to 16-18cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2 (line-spacing is 15-20cm)；
(3) agent is lost in agricultural chemicals control：During applying pesticides in the field management of conventional method, agricultural chemicals control mistake agent is pressed
Be mixed into according to ratio (10-30kg agricultural chemicals control is added in 100kg prevention and control medicaments and loses agent) after prevention and control medicament conventionally apply or
Sprinkling；Agricultural chemicals control mistake agent is mixed into the applications of pesticide amount after prevention and control medicament can be reduced to the agriculture for being not added with any control mistake agent
The 80-95% of medicine amount of application；
Agent preparation method is lost in above-mentioned agricultural chemicals control：Attapulgite, montmorillonite, sodium citrate and water are mixed, attapulgite,
The mass ratio of montmorillonite, sodium citrate and water is (20-30)：(10-20)：(3-8)：(4000-6000), obtains mixture, so
After mixture is sequentially passed through stirring and dried afterwards, obtain agricultural chemicals control and lose agent.The condition of above-mentioned stirring is stirred for 2000-5000rpm
Mix 20-50min, it under conditions of 60-120 DEG C by mixture drying to water content is 7-12% that the condition of above-mentioned drying, which is,.
Embodiment 2, the potato culture method of high-efficiency environment friendly
Demonstration Base in Cao Wa villages of Haiyuan County Cao Wa townshiies of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is tested, and (sowing time is 2014
May, sown area is 2000 mu), experiment is divided into five groups：
One group：Cultivated using conventional method；
Two groups：On the basis of conventional method, only the step of increase addition fertilizer synergist is cultivated；
Three groups：On the basis of conventional method, the step of only increasing using method of soil preparation is cultivated；
Four groups：On the basis of conventional method, the step of only agent is lost in the control of increase addition agricultural chemicals is cultivated；
Five groups：On the basis of conventional method, addition fertilizer synergist and agricultural chemicals control are lost agent and entered using the method for site preparation
Row cultivation.
Every group takes that 20 plants of measurement plant heights, stems are thick, Aboveground Biomass of Young, determines yield after harvest, experiment in triplicate, knot
Fruit is averaged.It is specific as follows：
First, conventional method (one group)
(1) breeding is selected；
(2) site preparation：Row spacing is set to 65cm, ridge high setting is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 15cm, and per the row of ridge kind 1；
(3) apply fertilizer：Using composite fertilizer；The usage amount of composite fertilizer：Applied according to every mu of 50kg amount machine；
(4) stripping and slicing and vernalization；
(5) sow；
(6) field management：Conventional prevention and control medicament：Yin Fali；The amount of application of conventional prevention and control medicament：Reached in emergence rate
After more than 95%, sprayed according to every mu of 80g amount by artificial spray or machinery；
(7) harvest, obtain potato plant (one group).
2nd, fertilizer synergist group (two groups) is only increased
The step of with above-mentioned steps one, is essentially identical, and different is only fertilising in (3)：By fertilizer synergist according to 10%
Mass ratio (10kg fertilizer synergists are added in 100kg composite fertilizers) is added in composite fertilizer, fertilizer synergist is obtained, according to every mu
40kg amount machines are applied.Harvest obtains potato plant (two groups).
The preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer synergist is：By 20g attapulgite, 1g chitosan, 2g sodium citrate with
5g humic acid is mixed, and then irradiates 10min by r rays (10kGy), then entered with ultraviolet (350nm, 100W) irradiation 10min
After row sterilizing, fertilizer synergist is obtained.
The potato plant (two groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average Aboveground Biomass of Young is
1.6kg, two groups of average Aboveground Biomass of Young is 2.04kg, and two groups are compared Aboveground Biomass of Young increase with one group
27.5%；Survey yield after harvest, one group of 2070kg/ mus of yield, two groups of 2504kg/ mus of yield, two groups are compared with one group, potato
Volume increase 21%.Illustrate that fertilizer synergist can significantly improve potato Aboveground Biomass of Young and yield.
3rd, only using method of soil preparation (three groups)
The step of with above-mentioned steps one, is essentially identical, and different is only the site preparation in (2)：Row spacing is set to 90cm, ridge
High setting is 18cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 16cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2 (line-spacing is 15cm).Harvest obtains potato plant (three
Group).
The potato plant (three groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average Aboveground Biomass of Young is
1.6kg, three groups of average Aboveground Biomass of Young is 1.68kg, and three groups are compared Aboveground Biomass of Young increase by 5% with one group；Receive
Survey yield after obtaining, one group of 2070kg/ mus of yield, three groups of 2277kg/ mus of yield, three groups are compared with one group, potato volume increase 10%.
Illustrate that (row spacing is set to 90cm, and ridge high setting is 18cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 16cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2 (OK for the method for site preparation
Away from for 15cm)) Aboveground Biomass of Young and potato yield can be significantly improved.
4th, only agent (four groups) is lost using agricultural chemicals control
The step of with above-mentioned steps one, is essentially identical, and different is only the field management in (6)：By agricultural chemicals control lose agent according to
15% mass ratio is added in Yin Fali and (control of 10g agricultural chemicals is added in 100g Yin Fali and loses agent), and 95% is reached in emergence rate
Pass through artificial spray according to every mu of 64g amount after above or machinery sprays.Harvest obtains potato plant (four groups).
Agent preparation method is lost in above-mentioned agricultural chemicals control：By 20g attapulgite, 10g montmorillonite, 3g sodium citrate and
6000g water is mixed, 2000rpm stirring 20min, and then 60 DEG C of dryings to water content is 7%, obtains agricultural chemicals control and loses agent.
During the late blight of potato is prevented and treated, the late blight of potato of the potato plant (four groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected
Disease index, the calculation formula of disease index is as follows：Disease index (%)=∑ (the sick numbers of sheets at different levels × sick leaf-size class number at different levels)/
(the sick leaf-size class number of the investigation number of blade × highest) × 100, detect the specific steps reference literature " late blight of potato hair of disease index
Method in the discussion of course of disease degree field observation record standard ".As a result show：Control group (no medicament addition) disease index is
43.6%, one group of disease index is 28.27%, and preventive effect is 35.1%；Four groups of disease indexs are 15.07%, and preventive effect is 65.1%.
Illustrate that agricultural chemicals control loses agent and can substantially reduce the disease index of potato, improve preventive effect.
5th, the potato culture method (five groups) of high-efficiency environment friendly
(1) breeding is selected；
(2) site preparation：Row spacing is set to 90cm, ridge high setting is 18cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 16cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2
(line-spacing is 15cm)；
(3) apply fertilizer：By fertilizer synergist according to 10% mass ratio (in 100kg composite fertilizers add 10kg fertilizer synergists)
It is added in composite fertilizer, obtains fertilizer synergist composite fertilizer, is applied according to every mu of 40kg amount machine；
(4) stripping and slicing and vernalization；
(5) sow；
(6) field management：Agricultural chemicals control mistake agent is added in Yin Fali (in 100g Yin Fali according to 15% mass ratio
Add 10g agricultural chemicals control and lose agent), reached in emergence rate after more than 95% and pass through artificial spray or mechanical spray according to every mu of 64g amount
Spill；
(7) harvest, obtain potato plant (five groups).
Potato plant (five groups) is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average plant height is 72.7cm, and average stem is slightly 0.92cm,
Average Aboveground Biomass of Young is 1.6kg, 2070kg/ mus of average product；Five groups of average plant heights are 83.9cm, and average stem is slightly
1.07cm, average Aboveground Biomass of Young is 2.24kg, and average product is 2633.3kg/ mus.The two it was found that：Five groups of Ma Ling
Potato plant height is higher than one group by 15.4%, and stem is slightly higher than one group by 16.3%, and Aboveground Biomass of Young is higher than one group by 40%, and yield is than one group
It is high by 27.21%.Illustrate that fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control are lost agent combination and be employed together in potato culture by the present invention
Effect be significantly better than fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control and lose the effect that agent is used alone, Ma Ling can be significantly improved
The plant height of potato, stem are thick, Aboveground Biomass of Young and yield.
Embodiment 3, the potato culture method of high-efficiency environment friendly
Demonstration Base in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Xiji County outskirts of a town township Wan Ya villages potato garden is tested (during sowing
Between be in May, 2014, sown area be 1000 mu), experiment be divided into five groups：
One group：Cultivated using conventional method；
Two groups：On the basis of conventional method, only the step of increase addition fertilizer synergist is cultivated；
Three groups：On the basis of conventional method, the step of only increasing using method of soil preparation is cultivated；
Four groups：On the basis of conventional method, the step of only agent is lost in the control of increase addition agricultural chemicals is cultivated；
Five groups：On the basis of conventional method, addition fertilizer synergist and agricultural chemicals control are lost agent and entered using the method for site preparation
Row cultivation.
Every group takes that 20 plants of measurement plant heights, stems are thick, Aboveground Biomass of Young, determines yield after harvest, experiment in triplicate, knot
Fruit is averaged.It is specific as follows：
First, conventional method (one group)
(1) breeding is selected；
(2) site preparation：Row spacing is set to 65cm, ridge high setting is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 15cm, and per the row of ridge kind 1；
(3) apply fertilizer：Using urea；The usage amount of urea：Applied according to every mu of 40kg amount machine；
(4) stripping and slicing and vernalization；
(5) sow；
(6) field management：Conventional prevention and control medicament：Ke Lu；The amount of application of conventional prevention and control medicament：Pressed after there is late blight
Amount according to every mu of 80g is sprayed by artificial spray or machinery；
(7) harvest, obtain potato plant (one group).
2nd, fertilizer synergist group (two groups) is only increased
The step of with above-mentioned steps one, is essentially identical, and different is only fertilising in (3)：By fertilizer synergist according to 10%
Mass ratio (10kg fertilizer synergists are added in 100kg urea) is added in urea, after site preparation, according to every mu of 36kg amount machine
Apply.Harvest obtains potato plant (two groups).
The preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer synergist is：By 30g attapulgite, 3g chitosan, 5g sodium citrate with
10g humic acid is mixed, and then irradiates 50min by r rays (50kGy), then irradiate 20min with ultraviolet (400nm, 200W)
Afterwards, fertilizer synergist is obtained.
The potato plant (two groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average product is 2302kg/ mus；Two
The average product of group is 2647kg/ mus, and two groups are compared with one group, potato volume increase 15%.Illustrate that fertilizer synergist can be obvious
Improve potato yield.
3rd, only using method of soil preparation (three groups)
The step of with above-mentioned steps one, is essentially identical, and different is only the site preparation in (2)：Row spacing is set to 120cm, ridge
High setting is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 18cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2 (line-spacing is 20cm).Harvest obtains potato plant (three
Group).
The potato plant (three groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average product is 2302kg/ mus；Three
The average product of group is 2486kg/ mus, and three groups are compared with one group, potato volume increase 8%.Illustrate method (the row spacing setting of site preparation
For 120cm, ridge high setting is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 18cm, and can significantly improve horse per the row (line-spacing is 20cm) of ridge kind 2
Bell potato yield.
4th, only agent (four groups) is lost using agricultural chemicals control
The step of with one, is essentially identical, and different is only the field management in (6)：Agricultural chemicals control is lost into agent according to 20% matter
Amount is than being added in gram dew and (adding the control of 20g agricultural chemicals in revealing at 100g grams and lose agent), according to every mu of 76g amount after there is late blight
Pass through artificial spray or machinery sprinkling.Harvest obtains potato plant (four groups).
Agent preparation method is lost in above-mentioned agricultural chemicals control：By 30g attapulgite, the sodium citrate of 20g montmorillonite and 8g and
4000g water is mixed, 2000rpm stirring 20min, and then 60 DEG C of dryings to water content is 12%, obtains agricultural chemicals control and loses agent.
During the late blight of potato is prevented and treated, the late blight of potato of the potato plant (four groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected
Disease index, the calculation formula of disease index is as follows：Disease index (%)=∑ (the sick numbers of sheets at different levels × sick leaf-size class number at different levels)/
(the sick leaf-size class number of the investigation number of blade × highest) × 100, detect the specific steps reference literature " late blight of potato hair of disease index
Method in the discussion of course of disease degree field observation record standard ".As a result show：Control group (no medicament addition) disease index is
45.08%, one group of disease index is 30.21%, and preventive effect is 32.99%, and four groups of disease indexs are 24.07%, and preventive effect is
46.61%.Four groups are compared with one group, during the late blight of potato is prevented and treated, and preventive effect improves 13.62%.Illustrate that agricultural chemicals control is lost
Agent can substantially reduce the disease index of potato, improve preventive effect.
5th, the potato culture method (five groups) of high-efficiency environment friendly
(1) breeding is selected；
(2) site preparation：Row spacing is set to 120cm, ridge high setting is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 18cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2
(line-spacing is 20cm)；
(3) apply fertilizer：Fertilizer synergist is added according to 10% mass ratio (10kg fertilizer synergists are added in 100kg urea)
It is added in urea, after site preparation, (4) stripping and slicing and vernalization is applied according to every mu of 36kg amount machine；
(5) sow；
(6) field management：Agricultural chemicals control mistake agent is added in gram dew according to 20% mass ratio and (added in revealing at 100g grams
Agent is lost in the control of 20g agricultural chemicals), sprayed after there is late blight according to every mu of 76g amount by artificial spray or machinery；
(7) harvest, obtain potato plant (five groups).
Potato plant (five groups) is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average plant height is 78.5cm, and average stem is slightly 0.81cm,
Average product is 2302kg/ mus；Five groups of average plant heights are 88.86cm, and average stem is slightly 0.85cm, and average product is 2705kg/
Mu.The two it was found that, five groups of potato plant heights are higher than one group by 13.2%, and stem is slightly higher than one group by 5.7%, and yield is higher than one group
18.1%.Illustrate that fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control are lost agent combination and be employed together in potato culture by the present invention
The effect that effect is significantly better than fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control mistake agent exclusive use can significantly improve potato
Plant height, stem be thick and yield.
Embodiment 4, the potato culture method of high-efficiency environment friendly
The Demonstration Base in Han Zhuan villages of Haiyuan County Shu Tai townshiies of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Qi Ying towns Zhang Bao villages is tested (sowing
Time is in May, 2014, and sown area is 2000 mu), experiment is divided into five groups：
One group：Cultivated using conventional method；
Two groups：On the basis of conventional method, only the step of increase addition fertilizer synergist is cultivated；
Three groups：On the basis of conventional method, the step of only increasing using method of soil preparation is cultivated；
Four groups：On the basis of conventional method, the step of only agent is lost in the control of increase addition agricultural chemicals is cultivated；
Five groups：On the basis of conventional method, addition fertilizer synergist and agricultural chemicals control are lost agent and entered using the method for site preparation
Row cultivation.
Every group takes that 20 plants of measurement plant heights, stems are thick, Aboveground Biomass of Young, determines yield after harvest, experiment in triplicate, knot
Fruit is averaged.It is specific as follows：
First, conventional method (one group)
(1) breeding is selected；
(2) site preparation：Row spacing is set to 65cm, ridge high setting is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 15cm, and per the row of ridge kind 1；
(3) apply fertilizer：Using ammonium chloride；The usage amount of ammonium chloride：Applied according to every mu of 60kg amount machine；
(4) stripping and slicing and vernalization；
(5) sow；
(6) field management：Conventional prevention and control medicament：Atropic power；The amount of application of conventional prevention and control medicament：Pressed before there is insect pest
Amount according to every mu of 50ml is sprayed by artificial spray or machinery；
(7) harvest, obtain potato plant (one group).
2nd, fertilizer synergist group (two groups) is only increased
The step of with one, is essentially identical, and different is only fertilising in (3)：By fertilizer synergist according to 10% mass ratio
(10kg fertilizer synergists are added in 100kg ammonium chlorides) is added in urea, after site preparation, is manually applied according to every mu of 50kg amount
Or machinery sprinkling.Harvest obtains potato plant (two groups).
The preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer synergist is：By 25g attapulgite, 2g chitosan, 3g sodium citrate with
8g humic acid is mixed, and then irradiates 30min by r rays (30kGy), then is irradiated with ultraviolet (380nm, 150W) after 15min,
Obtain fertilizer synergist.
The potato plant (two groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average product is 2283kg/ mus；Two
The average product of group is 2625.5kg/ mus, and two groups are compared with one group, potato volume increase 15%.Illustrate that fertilizer synergist can be with bright
It is aobvious to improve potato yield.
3rd, only using method of soil preparation (three groups)
The step of with one, is essentially identical, and different is only the site preparation in (2)：Row spacing is set to 110cm, ridge high setting is
19cm, spacing in the rows is set to 17cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2 (line-spacing is 18cm).Other steps are according to the conventional method in step one
Cultivation.Harvest obtains potato plant (three groups).
The potato plant (three groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average product is 2283kg/ mus；Three
The average product of group is 2557kg/ mus, and three groups are compared with one group, potato volume increase 12%.Illustrate method (the row spacing setting of site preparation
For 110cm, ridge high setting is 19cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 17cm, and per the row (line-spacing is 18cm) of ridge kind 2) can significantly improve
Potato yield.
4th, only agent (four groups) is lost using agricultural chemicals control
The step of with one, is essentially identical, and different is only the field management in (6)：Agricultural chemicals control is lost into agent according to 30% matter
Amount is than being added in atropic power and (control of 30g agricultural chemicals being added in 100g atropic power and loses agent), according to every mu of 45mL before there is insect pest
Amount pass through artificial spray or machinery sprinkling.Harvest obtains potato plant (four groups).
Agent preparation method is lost in above-mentioned agricultural chemicals control：By 25g attapulgite, 15g montmorillonite, 5g sodium citrate and
4500g water is mixed, 3500rpm stirring 35min, and then 90 DEG C of dryings to water content is 10%, obtains agricultural chemicals control and loses agent.
During the late blight of potato is prevented and treated, the late blight of potato of the potato plant (four groups) of above-mentioned harvest is detected
Disease index, the calculation formula of disease index is as follows：Disease index (%)=∑ (the sick numbers of sheets at different levels × sick leaf-size class number at different levels)/
(the sick leaf-size class number of the investigation number of blade × highest) × 100, detect the specific steps reference literature " late blight of potato hair of disease index
Method in the discussion of course of disease degree field observation record standard ".As a result show：Control group (no medicament addition) disease index is
48.92%, one group of disease index is 32.21%, and preventive effect is 34.15%, and four groups of disease indexs are 24.99%, and preventive effect is
49.45%.Four groups are compared with one group, during the late blight of potato is prevented and treated, and preventive effect improves 15.3%.Illustrate that agent is lost in agricultural chemicals control
The disease index of potato can be substantially reduced, preventive effect is improved.
5th, the potato culture method (five groups) of high-efficiency environment friendly
(1) breeding is selected；
(2) site preparation：Row spacing is set to 110cm, ridge high setting is 19cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 17cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2
(line-spacing is 18cm)；
(3) apply fertilizer：By fertilizer synergist according to 10% mass ratio (in 100kg ammonium chlorides add 10kg fertilizer synergists)
It is added in urea, after site preparation, is manually applied according to every mu of 50kg amount or machinery sprays；
(4) stripping and slicing and vernalization；
(5) sow；
(6) field management：Agricultural chemicals control mistake agent is added in atropic power (in 100g atropic power according to 30% mass ratio
Add the control of 30g agricultural chemicals and lose agent), sprayed before there is insect pest according to every mu of 45mL amount by artificial spray or machinery；
(7) harvest, obtain potato plant (five groups).
Potato plant (five groups) is detected, is as a result shown：One group of average plant height is 69.07cm, and average stem is slightly 0.83cm,
Average product is 2283kg/ mus；Five groups of average plant heights are 80.46cm, and average stem is slightly 0.98cm, and five groups of average products are
2730.5kg/ mu.The two it was found that, five groups of potato plant heights are higher than one group by 16.5%, and stem is slightly higher than one group by 18.1%, yield
It is higher than one group by 19.6%.Illustrate that fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control are lost agent combination and be employed together in Ma Ling by the present invention
The effect of potato cultivation is significantly better than fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control and loses the effect that agent is used alone, and can substantially carry
The plant height of high potato, stem be thick and yield.
By the practical application in three above place, illustrate the present invention by fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control
It is independent that mistake agent is significantly better than fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation and agricultural chemicals control mistake agent with reference to the effect being employed together in potato culture
The effect used, can significantly improve that the plant height of potato, stem be thick and Aboveground Biomass of Young, and volume increase trend is also substantially excellent
Lose agent in fertilizer synergist, method of soil preparation, agricultural chemicals control and individually use.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of cultural method of potato, comprises the following steps：Site preparation, fertilising, sowing and field management applying pesticides, are obtained
Potato plant；
The site preparation comprises the following steps：Row spacing is set to 90-120cm, ridge high setting is 18-20cm, and spacing in the rows is set to 16-
18cm, and per the row of ridge kind 2；
The fertilizer of the fertilising is the mixture for being uniformly mixed so as to obtain fertilizer synergist and base manure；
The fertilizer synergist, which is prepared as follows, to be obtained：By attapulgite, chitosan, sodium citrate and humic acid
Mixing, obtains the fertilizer synergist；
The attapulgite, the chitosan, the mass ratio of the sodium citrate and the humic acid are (20-30)：(1-3)：
(20-30)：(5-10)；
The agricultural chemicals is that agricultural chemicals control is lost into the mixture that agent is uniformly mixed so as to obtain with prevention and control medicament；
The agricultural chemicals control mistake agent, which is prepared as follows, to be obtained：Attapulgite, montmorillonite, sodium citrate and water are mixed
It is even, obtain the agricultural chemicals control and lose agent；
The attapulgite, the montmorillonite, the mass ratio of the sodium citrate and the water are (20-30)：(10-20)：(3-
8)：(4000-6000).
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The mass ratio of the fertilizer synergist and the base manure is 1 ︰
10。
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
It is (1-3) ︰ 10 that agent and the mass ratio of the prevention and control medicament are lost in the agricultural chemicals control.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The line-spacing per the row of ridge kind 2 is 15-20cm.
5. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The base manure is selected from following at least one：Urea, ammonium
State nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, composite fertilizer and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer.
6. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The prevention and control medicament is selected from following at least one：Desinsection
Agent, rat poison, bactericide, herbicide and plant growth regulator.
7. for the complete sets of products of potato culture, the institute in the fertilizer synergist and claim 1 in claim 1
Agent composition is lost in the agricultural chemicals control stated.
8. the complete sets of products in claim 1-6 described in any described method or claim 7 in following (1)-(4) at least
A kind of application in：
(1) potato yield is improved；
(2) potato Aboveground Biomass of Young is improved；
(3) potato plant height is increased；
(4) increase potato haulm is thick.
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| JP2004065237A (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-03-04 | Osaka Industrial Promotion Organization | Carrier for introducing gene, agent for introducing the gene using the carrier, method for introducing the gene using the agent, and gene-introduced cell by the method |
| CN1580009A (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-16 | 朱秉贤 | Special long-lasting fertilizer for crops |
| CN100334042C (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2007-08-29 | 吴江 | Fertilizer synergist and its preparation method |
| CN101595801A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-12-09 | 孔赟荣 | The method of cultivating potatoes with straws in winter and spring |
| CN102557815B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2013-12-04 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Multifunctional synergist of compound fertilizer |
| CN102257917B (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-11-14 | 惠东县九华农贸有限公司 | Cost-saving and yield-increasing culture technique for southern winter potato |
| CN103553846B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Special slow release-controlled release fertilizer for potatoes |
| CN103641637A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-03-19 | 青岛中科菲力工程技术研发有限公司 | Sustained-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104774071A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-15 | 兰州交通大学 | Use of attapulgite in fertilizer synergist |
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