CN113179827A - Method for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorch - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorch Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179827A CN113179827A CN202110532638.XA CN202110532638A CN113179827A CN 113179827 A CN113179827 A CN 113179827A CN 202110532638 A CN202110532638 A CN 202110532638A CN 113179827 A CN113179827 A CN 113179827A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching diseases, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method for preventing and treating the walnut leaf scorching comprises the following steps: and (3) irrigating and applying biological agents when the new root system starts to grow, irrigating and applying fertilizers at the first peak period of root system growth, combining foliar fertilizer spraying, performing walnut rot disease prevention and control and soil alkali-pressing regulation, spraying pesticide mixed liquid at the early stage of manifestation, irrigating and applying biological agents at the peak period of manifestation, and performing conventional field management. The prevention and control method effectively prevents and controls the walnut leaf scorching, avoids the phenomenon that the walnut leaves are scorched and lose the photosynthesis capability, so that the nutrition storage of the later-period tree body is reduced, and further the fruiting quantity and the fruit plumpness of the walnuts in the next year are influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching diseases.
Background
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important economic fruit tree in the world, and is the first of four famous nuts (walnut, almond, Chinese chestnut and pistachio), is widely distributed in the world and has a long cultivation history. The planting quantity and the yield of Chinese walnuts are at the top of the world, walnut cultivation is carried out in more than 20 provinces and cities in China, the total area of walnut cultivation in China is 100 ten thousand hectares, the total number of walnut plants is 2 hundred million, the fruit bearing trees are about 6000 thousand, and the annual yield of nuts is 25 million tons, so that the walnut cultivation method is one of important post industries of economic development in China.
In recent years, with the continuous expansion of walnut planting area, the produced saline-alkali harm and excessive yield pursuit cause that the walnut tree vigor is obviously weakened, the disease problem is increasingly prominent, and the yield and the quality of walnuts are seriously influenced. The walnut leaf scorching disease is the first occurrence in each region, and the damage tends to be aggravated year by year. The disease mainly damages walnut leaves, and the disease starts to attack from the leaf margin at the initial stage to form black brown necrotic spots which gradually expand inwards to cause the scorching of partial leaves or the whole leaves. The disease starts to have sporadic disease symptoms in 7 months of each year, the disease leaves enter the disease peak in 8-9 months, the diseased leaves are burnt like fire, the whole tree leaves or partial leaves die in advance by 1-2 months, the photosynthesis capability is lost, the nutrition reserve of later trees is seriously influenced, the tree vigor is reduced, the fruiting quantity and the fruit fullness of walnuts in the next year are also seriously influenced, the empty shell rate of the fruits is increased, the serious economic loss is caused, and the sustainable development of the walnut industry in various regions is influenced.
At present, the main technologies for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorching disease are as follows: the bactericide is adopted for disease control, but the control effect is not ideal; the disease prevention is sprayed by monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer, so that the state of an illness is relieved, but the later state of the illness still develops rapidly; the disease condition is relieved by using various trace element fertilizers, but the problem cannot be solved completely. How to effectively prevent and treat the walnut leaf-scorching disease becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorch, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, effectively prevents and treats the walnut leaf scorch by combining multiple means, enhances the tree vigor, improves the yield and the quality of walnuts and provides effective guarantee for the sustainable development of the walnut industry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching diseases, which comprises the following steps: and (3) irrigating and applying biological agents when the new root systems of the walnuts start to grow, irrigating and applying fertilizers and foliar fertilizers at the first peak period of the growth of the root systems of the walnuts, and performing conventional field management.
Further, spraying a pesticide mixed solution at the early stage of manifestation, and irrigating the biological agent again at the peak stage of manifestation;
the pesticide mixed liquid comprises: 10 hundred million spores/g Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum, 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin and 98 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3 medicaments of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900, amino-oligosaccharin and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are 3 medicaments for efficiently preventing and controlling walnut leaf-scorching disease screened on the basis of experimental demonstration.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum is a high-efficiency microbial preparation, has the effects of improving the rhizosphere microecology of crops, activating indissolvable potential nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and the like in soil, improving the soil, loosening and hardening, inhibiting soil degradation, improving the soil fertility, and remarkably preventing soil-borne diseases by the biological metabolites secreted by the microbial inoculum.
0.5% of amino-oligosaccharin has the advantages of inducing plants to generate disease resistance, regulating the growth and development of plants and the like, can generate immunity and killing effects on various fungi, bacteria and viruses, has high efficiency and no public nuisance, and can be widely applied to the control of fruit trees and other crops.
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a high-quality fertilizer, and can effectively supplement potassium element, promote flower bud differentiation, enhance tree resistance and other functions.
Further, the method also comprises the following processing steps before the new root system of the walnut begins to grow: the trunk is whited, the tree body is pruned, the dry branches and fallen leaves are removed, and the tree body is disinfected.
Further, the control of walnut rot and the regulation and control of soil alkali pressure are carried out during the control of walnut leaf-scorching.
Further, the biological agent is a bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 agent, and the bacterial content is 10 hundred million spores/g; the two times of biological agent application is specifically that the walnut trees are subjected to root irrigation treatment by using liquid medicine obtained by diluting the biological agent by 300-400 times, and the using amount of the liquid medicine is 10-25 kg per plant.
The micro-ecological regulation and control of the walnut rhizosphere soil can effectively enrich the rhizosphere soil microbial community, regulate the pH value of the soil, promote the root growth and the absorption of nutrient components, thereby enhancing the tree vigor and preventing the walnut scorch.
Further, the fertilizer for irrigation comprises a potassium fulvate phosphate fertilizer; the foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin.
Potassium fertilizer is supplemented, the resistance gene expression of the tree is induced, the disease resistance of the tree is enhanced, and the purpose of preventing and treating the walnut leaf scorch is achieved.
Further, the fertilizer is applied by irrigation after diluting the potassium fulvate fertilizer by 500 times, and the dosage of the diluted solution of the potassium fulvate fertilizer is 12.5 tons/mu.
The potassium fulvate phosphate fertilizer is a novel organic compound fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil characteristics, can effectively regulate soil microbial communities and soil characteristics, is rich in N, P, K and other major elements and chitosan, chelated calcium, chelated peptide and other medium and trace elements, can effectively promote the formation of chlorophyll and enzymes, strengthen plants, enhance the disease resistance and cold resistance of trees, promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit setting rate. In addition, other N, P, K fertilizers do not need to be supplemented after the compound fertilizer is applied to the roots, and the purposes of enhancing the tree vigor, improving the disease resistance of trees and increasing the yield and quality of fruits can be achieved by combining the spraying of the foliar fertilizer.
Further, the method for preventing and controlling the walnut rot disease comprises the following steps: directly smearing disease spots with 400 times of 40% carbendazim and mancozeb, and smearing twice after 7 days; the soil alkali-pressing regulation method comprises the following steps: the soil alkali pressing agent for flood irrigation and flood application is Youle, and the dosage of the alkali pressing agent is 2-3 kg/mu.
The 40% manganese zinc is a novel bactericide for efficiently preventing and treating walnut rot, has strong permeation and sterilization effects, does not need to scrape and treat scabs, can be directly smeared after being diluted, is simple and convenient to operate, and is labor-saving.
Further, the preparation method of the pesticide mixed solution comprises the following steps: diluting a bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 10 hundred million spores/g by 500 times, diluting 0.5% of amino-oligosaccharin by 600 times, mixing the two liquid medicines according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed liquid medicine, and adding 1g of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate into each 1L of the mixed liquid medicine to obtain a pesticide mixed liquid.
Further, the spraying method of the pesticide mixed solution comprises the following steps: spraying the mixture for 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the method, the underground biological agent is adopted for root irrigation, organic fertilizer is additionally applied, and later-period leaf spraying and disease prevention strategies are adopted for preventing and treating the walnut leaf scorch in the plots with serious walnut leaf scorch, so that the tree vigor of walnut trees is effectively enhanced, the problem that the walnut leaf scorch is seriously damaged is solved, the yield and the quality of walnuts are improved, the safety of the walnut industry is ensured, and effective guarantee is provided for the sustainable development of the walnut industry.
The method effectively prevents the walnut tree from rotting by adopting the treatments of whitening the trunk when the trunk does not sprout, pruning the trunk, cleaning the orchard, disinfecting the trunk, directly coating 40% manganese zinc on the scab part and the like. The walnut rot disease is generally easy to be infected at the trunk or lateral branches of young trees, and one is green loss, the bark is separated from the xylem until the branches are dry, so that the nutrition can not be better reserved, the trees are weaker, other diseases can not be better resisted, and the occurrence of walnut scorching can be aggravated.
According to the invention, the biological agent is applied to the walnut trees by a root irrigation method in the tree sprouting period, so that the rhizosphere soil microbial community is effectively enriched, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, the root growth is promoted, and the nutrient components are absorbed, thereby enhancing the tree vigor and preventing the walnut leaf scorching. The application of efficient organic fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is combined, so that the tree vigor and the stress resistance of the tree are enhanced, and the yield and the quality of the fruits are improved; the amino-oligosaccharin is sprayed to induce the resistance gene expression of the trees, enhance the disease resistance of the trees, and simultaneously have the function of killing fungi, bacteria and viruses, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing and treating the walnut leaf scorch.
According to the invention, the pesticide mixed solution is sprayed on the walnut tree crowns in the early stage of the walnut leaf-scorching disease, the sprayed pesticide mixed solution contains the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum, and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens can be colonized and conducted on the body surface and the body of a plant, so that the growth of the plant is well promoted, and the disease resistance of the walnut tree can be effectively improved; in the peak period of manifestation, the biological agent is applied to the walnut trees by root irrigation for the second time, thereby effectively promoting the growth of root systems and the absorption of nutrient components, improving the tree vigor of the walnut trees and further effectively preventing and treating the occurrence of walnut scorch.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the harm symptom of a tree body in the field of walnut leaf scorch of a selected test plot according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the damage symptom of leaves of a selected test plot walnut leaf-scorching disease plant.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Selecting walnut trees with the age of 8 years as test objects, wherein the planting mode is that the row spacing is 6 multiplied by 4m, the test area is 116 mu, the soil is sandy loam, the fertility is moderate, and walnut leaf scorching disease occurs in relatively heavy plots in the previous year of the test; the experiment starts in 3 last ten days of each year, 10 mu of land is removed from the left side and the right side of the land block respectively to be used as a protection row, 96 mu of land in the middle is used as a test land and is divided into 6 areas, 16 mu of land is used in each area, the 1 st area corresponds to the embodiment 1, the 2 nd area corresponds to the comparative example 1, the 3 rd area corresponds to the comparative example 2, the 4 th area corresponds to the comparative example 3, the 5 th area corresponds to the comparative example 4, and the 6 th area corresponds to the comparative example 5. The disease incidence of the current-year walnut trees is counted in real time after the fruits are picked in the last ten days to the middle 10 months, the disease incidence is recorded in each treatment by taking a plant as a unit, the number of diseased walnut trees at each level is counted according to disease grading standards, disease indexes are calculated, the specific grading standards are shown in table 1, and the diameters and the yields of the walnuts in each treatment are measured.
TABLE 1 grading Standard of disease conditions of walnut leaf scorching
The incidence rate is the number of diseased plants/total investigated plants × 100%.
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching disease comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) coating the tree trunk with white color in the beginning of 3 months, trimming the tree body, removing dead branches and fallen leaves, taking the tree out of the orchard for landfill or incineration, and then spraying 800 times of diluent of 40% manganese zinc to sterilize the tree body.
(2) And (3) regulating and controlling the soil microecology in the later period of tree sprouting: when the walnut root system begins to grow and has a new root system in the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, digging an annular ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30cm at the position 50cm away from the trunk under the crown, uniformly pouring a 400-time diluent of a bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 10 hundred million spores/g into the annular ditch as a biological microbial inoculum liquid medicine, wherein the liquid medicine dosage is 20 kg/strain, and covering with hills after the liquid medicine seeps down.
(3) The soil alkali-pressing regulation and control technology comprises the following steps: and (3) flooding by using big water in 5 months, and performing soil alkali pressing for 1 time, wherein 2-3 kg/mu of soil Youle (small-molecular polymeric microbial agent) is applied by flushing.
(4) And (3) root growth peak: in the first peak period of the growth of the walnut root system from the middle ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, root irrigation treatment is carried out on the walnut trees by adopting a diluent of 500 times of a potassium fulvic acid phosphate fertilizer (efficient organic fertilizer), wherein the dosage of the potassium fulvic acid phosphate fertilizer is 25 kg/mu; meanwhile, 1200 times of solution of amino-oligosaccharin with the concentration of 0.5% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the trees.
(5) And (3) prevention and treatment of walnut rot: in the middle 6 th to the last 7 th of the month, the 40% manganese-zinc 400-fold diluent is directly smeared on the diseased spots, and the second smearing is carried out after 7 days.
(6) Disease control in early stage of manifestation: in the early stage of 6 months of walnut scorch leaf disease manifestation, 500 times of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 10 hundred million spores/g is diluted, 600 times of 0.5% amino-oligosaccharin is diluted, then the two kinds of liquid medicine are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain mixed liquid medicine, 1g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the quick solubility of 98% is added into each 1L of the mixed liquid medicine to prepare pesticide mixed liquid, tree crown spraying is carried out, and the pesticide mixed liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 10 days and 2 times continuously.
(7) Disease control in the peak period of manifestation: in the peak period of walnut leaf-scorching disease manifestation in 8-9 months, performing 2 nd root irrigation treatment on walnut trees by using 400-time diluent of bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 10 hundred million spores/g, and performing soil alkali pressing regulation, wherein the specific method is to irrigate soil alkali pressing agent soil with 2-3 kg/mu by flooding with large water.
(8) Field management after fruit picking: and carrying out conventional water and fertilizer management, and carrying out comprehensive disease prevention and control by conventional management measures such as autumn pruning, field garden cleaning, lime sulphur mixture spraying and the like after harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the treatment in step (2) was not performed.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the high efficiency organic fertilizer in step (4) is not applied.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the treatment in step (5) was not performed.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the example 1 is that the liquid medicine sprayed in the step (6) does not contain the bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the secondary root irrigation treatment with the biological agent in step (7) is not performed.
Conventional control of fruit growers
(1) And (3) coating the tree trunk with white color at the beginning of 3 months, trimming the tree body, removing dead branches and fallen leaves, taking the tree out of the orchard for landfill or incineration, and then spraying 5 Baume-degree lime sulfur mixture for clearing the orchard, so that the overwintering disease and pest base number is reduced.
(2) The sprouting period of the tree body: and applying decomposed cattle and sheep manure (2.0 tons/mu) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (15 kg/mu) as base fertilizers at the rhizosphere under the crown.
(3) And (3) prevention and treatment of walnut rot: in the middle 6 th to the last 7 th of the month, the disease spots are scraped, 80% mancozeb with 400 times of liquid is smeared, and 1500 times of liquid of 20% avermectin and azocyclotin is sprayed to prevent and control the walnut red spiders.
(4) Disease control in early stage of manifestation: no preventive measures are taken.
(5) Field management after fruit picking: and (3) managing moderate water and fertilizer, and performing comprehensive disease prevention and control by conventional management measures such as autumn pruning, field cleaning, lime sulphur mixture spraying and the like after harvesting.
The average incidence rate and disease index of walnut leaf-scorching disease are measured and calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 average incidence and disease index of walnut leaf-scorching
| Grouping | Average incidence of disease (%) | Index of disease condition |
| Conventional control of fruit growers | 59.6 | 9.26 |
| Example 1 | 10.6 | 1.64 |
| Comparative example 1 | 43.2 | 5.12 |
| Comparative example 2 | 21.4 | 3.23 |
| Comparative example 3 | 23.8 | 3.41 |
| Comparative example 4 | 28.2 | 4.17 |
| Comparative example 5 | 36.5 | 4.92 |
Through the embodiment 1, the comparative examples 1 to 5 and the conventional control of fruit growers, it can be seen that the generation of walnut leaf scorch is effectively controlled through the combination strategy of root irrigation, organic fertilizer application and later-stage leaf spraying and disease prevention of the biological agent in the embodiment 1, the average disease occurrence rate of the embodiment 1 is only 10.6%, the average disease index is reduced to 1.64, and the method is obviously superior to the conventional control of the fruit growers; in the comparative example 1, under the condition that the biological bacterial fertilizer is not adopted for root irrigation treatment for the 1 st time, the average incidence rate of diseases is obviously increased and is increased to 43.2%, the disease index is also increased to 5.12, so that the biological bacterial agent is irrigated in the bud stage of a walnut tree, the control effect of the walnut leaf scorching disease is obviously reduced, and the biological bacterial agent has an excellent effect on the control of the walnut leaf scorching disease; from the effects of the embodiment 1 and the effects of the comparative examples 1 to 5, whether biological bacterial manure and organic fertilizer are applied, whether walnut canker is prevented and controlled, whether foliar liquid medicine is sprayed or not, and whether secondary microbial agent is applied or not can all have certain influence on the prevention and control effect of walnut scorch.
The fruit diameter and the yield of walnuts in the conventional control of the fruit growers in the example 1, the comparative examples 1 to 5 and the measurement result are shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 chlorophyll content of walnut leaf in hard nucleus stage, fruit diameter and yield in mature stage
| Grouping | Chlorophyll content (mg/g) | Fruit diameter (Length is multiplied by width mm) | Dry walnut yield (kg)/acre |
| Conventional control of fruit growers | 1.53 | 53.33×52.24 | 201.66 |
| Example 1 | 2.26 | 63.47×61.22 | 281.45 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.12 | 55.78×54.16 | 220.99 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.03 | 59.97×58.24 | 252.78 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2.08 | 59.48×57.96 | 250.44 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.84 | 57.21×56.45 | 241.98 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1.78 | 57.12×54.21 | 229.57 |
As can be seen from table 3, after the technical means of the embodiment 1 of the present invention is adopted to prevent and treat the walnut leaf scorch, the walnut yield is significantly increased, and the chlorophyll content of the walnut tree leaves in the embodiment 1 is significantly higher than that of other treatment groups, so that the optimal treatment means of the method for preventing and treating the walnut leaf scorch provided by the present invention is the technical scheme provided by the embodiment 1.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorching is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) irrigating and applying biological agents when the new root systems of the walnuts start to grow, irrigating and applying fertilizers and foliar fertilizers at the first peak period of the growth of the root systems of the walnuts, and performing conventional field management.
2. The method for preventing and treating the walnut leaf-scorching disease according to claim 1, further comprising spraying a pesticide mixed solution in the early period of the manifestation, and irrigating again a biological agent in the peak period of the manifestation;
the pesticide mixed liquid comprises: 10 hundred million spores/g Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum, 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin and 98 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. The method for preventing and treating the walnut leaf-scorching disease as recited in claim 1, further comprising the following processing steps before the new root system of the walnut starts to grow: the trunk is whited, the tree body is pruned, the dry branches and fallen leaves are removed, and the tree body is disinfected.
4. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching disease according to claim 1, wherein prevention and control of walnut rot and regulation and control of soil alkali-pressing are performed during prevention and control of walnut leaf-scorching disease.
5. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching disease according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the biological agent is a bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 agent with a bacterial content of 10 hundred million spores/g; the two times of biological agent application is specifically that the walnut trees are subjected to root irrigation treatment by using liquid medicine obtained by diluting the biological agent by 300-400 times, and the using amount of the liquid medicine is 10-25 kg per plant.
6. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorch according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer for irrigation comprises a potassium fulvate phosphate fertilizer; the foliar fertilizer is 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin.
7. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf scorch according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer for irrigation is applied by irrigation after diluting the potassium fulvic acid phosphate fertilizer by 500 times, and the dosage of the diluted solution of the potassium fulvic acid phosphate fertilizer is 12.5 tons/mu.
8. The method for preventing and controlling the walnut leaf scorch as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for preventing and controlling the walnut rot comprises the following steps: directly smearing disease spots with 400 times of 40% carbendazim and mancozeb, and smearing twice after 7 days; the soil alkali-pressing regulation method comprises the following steps: the soil alkali pressing agent for flood irrigation and flood application is Youle, and the dosage of the alkali pressing agent is 2-3 kg/mu.
9. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching disease according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the pesticide mixed solution is as follows: diluting a bacillus amyloliquefaciens B7900 microbial inoculum with the bacterial content of 10 hundred million spores/g by 500 times, diluting 0.5% of amino-oligosaccharin by 600 times, mixing the two liquid medicines according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixed liquid medicine, and adding 1g of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate into each 1L of the mixed liquid medicine to obtain a pesticide mixed liquid.
10. The method for preventing and treating walnut leaf-scorching disease according to claim 2, wherein the spraying method of the pesticide mixed solution is as follows: spraying the mixture for 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
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