CN106818875B - Fruit tree root rot control agent and method - Google Patents
Fruit tree root rot control agent and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106818875B CN106818875B CN201611254516.4A CN201611254516A CN106818875B CN 106818875 B CN106818875 B CN 106818875B CN 201611254516 A CN201611254516 A CN 201611254516A CN 106818875 B CN106818875 B CN 106818875B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N41/08—Sulfonic acid halides; alpha-Hydroxy-sulfonic acids; Amino-sulfonic acids; Thiosulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
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- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention relates to a fruit tree root rot control agent, which aims to solve the technical problem that the fruit tree root rot is difficult to control and is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3-10% of humic acid, 10-50% of macroelements, 0.3-1.5% of plant growth regulator, 0.5-1% of bactericide and the balance of water. The invention also discloses a method for preventing and controlling the root rot of the fruit trees, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) applying the biological organic fertilizer in autumn; (2) before sprouting in spring of the next year, irrigating roots with the fruit tree root rot control agent within a distance of 20-30 cm from a tree crown projection line; (3) and if the fruit tree suffers from root rot, irrigating roots with the fruit tree root rot control agent within a distance of 30-40 cm from the projection line of the crown. The invention can realize the prevention and treatment combination, carries out double treatment on fruit trees and soil, combines the sterilization and nutrition in the medicament, has mutually promoted effects and remarkable prevention and treatment effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a fruit tree root rot control agent and a fruit tree root rot control method.
Background
Root rot is a devastating disease that damages fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches, grapes and the like. In recent years, part of fruit growers are not scientific and reasonable enough in fertilization, so that excessive phosphorus in soil can not be absorbed and utilized by fruit trees, and a certain antagonistic action is generated on nitrogen, so that soil hardening is aggravated, permeability is damaged, and the disease resistance of the fruit trees is greatly reduced. In addition, the excessive use of ammonium bicarbonate by some fruit growers, which is very easy to cause root burning, and the non-fermented and decomposed human and animal excreta, straws and the like, also aggravate the occurrence of a large amount of root rot.
The fruit tree root rot mainly comprises five kinds of purple-line feather, white-line feather, root rot, southern blight and round-spot root rot caused by fungi, and root tumor and hairy root disease caused by bacteria. The diseases are mainly caused by the defects of drought, fertilizer shortage, soil hardening, easy loss of water and fertilizer, serious year-round phenomenon and extensive management of old orchards, orchards with heavy soil or poor drainage. In addition, other orchards with serious insect and disease damages have serious root rot. The disease mainly harms roots, firstly, the disease starts from individual branch roots and fibrous roots to appear pathological changes and gradually expands to main roots, the rotting degree of the roots is increased along with the lapse of time, the function of the roots for absorbing water and nutrients is gradually weakened, and the ground has insufficient nutrients, which are manifested as wilting, green and dry and scorching. The root rot causes great harm to fruit trees, particularly to apple trees, pear trees, peach trees and other trees, once the fruit trees suffer from the root rot, lateral branches die and growth is weak (commonly called small old-headed trees), and the whole plant dies if the fruit trees suffer from the root rot.
At present, root rot control is carried out through measures such as strengthening orchard management, isolation, soil disinfection and medicament root irrigation, for example, strengthening orchard management comprises: (1) organic fertilizer is additionally applied, so that the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is avoided; (2) the water drainage of orchards with low terrain, heavy soil and high underground water level needs to be paid attention to; (3) the tree is scientifically pruned and reasonably loaded, so that the tree crowns are ventilated and transparent, the phenomenon of big and small years is prevented, and the tree vigor is kept robust; (4) preventing and treating other diseases and insect pests, and preventing sunburn and frost damage; however, the measures can only prevent or reduce the occurrence of root rot, and cannot treat diseased plants. The method for isolating and disinfecting soil is used for preventing and controlling the fruit trees with diseases, and comprises the following steps: (1) isolation: digging deep grooves with the depth of more than 1m around a diseased region to prevent germs from spreading; (2) soil disinfection: the soil disinfection time is preferably when the germs start to move in early spring and late summer, 3-5 radiation ditches are dug by taking a trunk as the center, the depth is determined according to the depth of a main root and is about 80cm, and the pesticide is uniformly dispersed in the soil and can be lime sulfur, amobam and the like; however, the measure is easy to cause serious phytotoxicity due to careless use, for example, the application of copper sulfate, amobam and the like causes a great amount of fallen leaves of fruit trees, and the application method is troublesome. The root can be irrigated by the bactericides such as mancozeb, sodium diuron, thiophanate methyl, chlorothalonil and the like in the disease onset period, but the treatment effect is not thorough, the disease is easy to recur in the later period, the prevention and treatment effect is reduced, some medicaments have strong toxicity and long residual toxicity time, and the fruit growers can cause harm to human bodies by carelessness in the operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a fruit tree root rot control agent and a method, which can realize control combination and double control of fruit trees and soil, and the sterilization and nutrition in the agent are combined, so that the effects are mutually promoted, and the control effect is obvious.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fruit tree root rot control agent is designed and prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3-10% of humic acid, 10-50% of macroelements, 0.3-1.5% of plant growth regulator, 0.5-1% of bactericide and the balance of water.
The humic acid is preferably at least one of sodium humate, potassium humate and ammonium humate, can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, forms a granular structure, is convenient to ventilate, and is beneficial to the formation of a microenvironment for the growth and development of root systems, thereby promoting the absorption and the operation of the newly-grown root systems to nutrient substances.
The macroelement is preferably a mixture of at least two of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is derived from at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; the phosphate fertilizer is selected from at least one of monopotassium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is derived from at least one of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride; the macroelements not only provide the nutrients necessary for the growth of fruit trees, but also have the following functions; nitrogen: delaying and preventing the aging of fruit tree organs; phosphorus: promoting the root system to be pricked downwards and improving the stress resistance of the fruit trees; potassium: promoting photosynthesis, enhancing disease resistance of fruit trees, increasing cell lignification degree, preventing or reducing invasion of pathogenic bacteria, prolonging storage period of fruits, making the fruits brighter, and improving sugar content and acidity of juice.
The plant growth regulator is preferably at least one of naphthylacetic acid and sodium salt thereof, indolebutyric acid and potassium salt thereof, brassinolide, compound sodium nitrophenolate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and triacontanol. The triacontanol can promote the rooting of fruit trees, increase the content of chlorophyll, enhance photosynthesis and assimilation, and can enhance the stress resistance of the fruit trees and improve the quality by being matched with other nutrient components.
The bactericide is preferably at least one of ethylicin, hymexazol, zhongshengmycin, xinjunan and shenqinmycin.
Designing a method for preventing and treating root rot of fruit trees, which comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out in the growth period of the fruit trees:
(1) applying a biological organic fertilizer to the fruit trees in the autumn, wherein the biological organic fertilizer contains nitrogen (counted as N) and phosphorus (counted as P)2O5Calculated as K), potassium (in K)2Calculated by O) is more than or equal to 5 weight percent, and organic matterThe effective viable count is more than or equal to 45wt%, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the strains comprise at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the effective viable counts among different strains are approximately equal, and similar products in the market can be selected, such as microbial fertilizer (2014) quasi-character (1389) bio-organic fertilizer produced by modern agriculture limited company in Henan Ba or microbial fertilizer (2012) quasi-character (0942) bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei giant microbial engineering limited company;
the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the organic solid waste is dried in the sun or in the air, crushed and sieved (comprising organic garbage, straws, cattle and sheep manure, cake meal, agricultural and sideline products and solid waste generated by food processing), mixed with a commercial microbial agent and water according to a ratio, fermented manually or mechanically, continuously fermented at 60-70 ℃ until the organic solid waste is completely decomposed, turned over once every 1-2 days, and added with a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace elements of zinc, manganese, iron and boron fertilizers according to standards to be uniformly mixed after the organic solid waste is completely decomposed.
The biological organic fertilizer can be used for conditioning orchard soil, activating the activity rate of microorganisms in the soil, improving the functional diversity of soil microbial communities and keeping the soil in healthy microbial ecological balance; the orchard soil is loosened, the soil hardening is overcome, and the air permeability of the soil is increased; enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops and reduce the incidence rate. Provides excellent soil environment for the growth of fruit trees.
(2) Before fruit trees germinate in spring of the next year, irrigating roots with the fruit tree root rot control agent (diluted by 1000-1500 times) within 20-30 cm of a projection line (projection line with crown perpendicular to the ground) corresponding to the crown of the fruit trees, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, 8-10 uniformly distributed root irrigation points (1-1.5 cm) are adopted, and the dosage of the root irrigation agent is based on leachate on the surface layer of soil (preferably, the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner, and more preferably, two adjacent root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner);
(3) if the fruit tree suffers from root rot, carrying out root irrigation by using the fruit tree root rot control agent (diluted by 800-1000 times) within a range of 30-40 cm away from a projection line corresponding to a fruit tree crown, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, 10-16 root irrigation points (1-1.5 cm) are uniformly distributed, and the dosage of the root irrigation agent is based on the fact that leachate is arranged on the surface layer of soil (preferably, the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner, more preferably, every 3 root irrigation points are arranged outside the projection line of the crown, and 1 root irrigation point is arranged inside the projection line of the crown).
The invention has the following positive and beneficial technical effects:
(1) the prevention and treatment agent of the invention has the components to be distributed and synergized, has no antagonism or inhibition effect, and can be applied to fruit trees for prevention and treatment, so that the two components become an organic combined whole: the tree vigor is enhanced in the early stage, the disease resistance of the fruit trees is improved, the growth of the fruit trees is improved, and the fruit quality is improved; the occurrence and the propagation of the root rot of the fruit trees are effectively controlled and improved in the later period, and meanwhile, the development and the growth of the root systems of the fruit trees can be effectively promoted, and the fertilizer and water absorption capacity of the root systems is improved.
(2) The control method of the invention can give consideration to both soil and fruit trees, and carries out double treatment: the biological organic fertilizer can loosen orchard soil, improve the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, keep the soil in healthy microbial ecological balance and provide an excellent soil environment for the growth of fruit trees; the medicament combines sterilization and nutrition, has mutual promotion effect, obvious prevention and treatment effect, long lasting period and no relapse. The control efficiency of the fruit tree root rot is up to 87%, and the fruit tree root rot is not easy to relapse in the later period.
(3) The fertilization method is simple, easy to operate, labor-saving and time-saving: the fertilizer gun is adopted for irrigating the roots with the medicament, the application is simple, the operation is easy, and the germ infection range caused by digging the pit can be prevented from being enlarged; the medicament contains nutrient and bactericidal components, has double effects of one-time application, and is labor-saving and time-saving.
(4) Less environmental pollution: the raw materials selected by the medicament belong to environment-friendly type, are all low in toxicity, are non-toxic to soil and crops, are safe to production and users, and are cheap and easy to obtain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of the root irrigation points before spring germination according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the distribution of root irrigation points after the disease of fruit trees is discovered.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The raw materials used in the following examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating root rot of fruit trees comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out the following steps in the growth period of the fruit trees:
(1) applying a bio-organic fertilizer to fruit trees in autumn, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer (2014) quasi-character (1389) bio-organic fertilizer produced by modern agriculture limited company in Henan Ba;
(2) before the fruit tree sprouts in spring of the next year, diluting the fruit tree root rot control agent by 1000 times at a distance of 20cm from a projection line (the projection line of the crown vertical to the ground) corresponding to the fruit tree crown, and irrigating the root with the fruit tree root rot control agent, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, the diameter is 1-1.5 cm, 8 root irrigation points are uniformly distributed, the dosage of the root irrigation agent is based on the leaching solution on the surface layer of the soil, and two adjacent root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner, as shown in figure 1;
(3) if the fruit tree suffers from root rot, diluting 800 times of fruit tree root rot control agent within a range of 30cm away from a projection line corresponding to the crown of the fruit tree to irrigate roots with the agent, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, the diameter is 1-1.5 cm, the number of root irrigation points is 16, the amount of the root irrigation agent is based on the fact that leachate is arranged on the surface layer of soil, the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner, every 3 root irrigation points are arranged outside the projection line of the crown, and 1 root irrigation point is arranged inside the projection line of the crown, as shown in figure 2.
The fruit tree root rot control agent is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 6 percent of sodium humate, 13 percent of potassium nitrate, 11 percent of diammonium phosphate, 0.8 percent of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.5 percent of ethylicin, 0.4 percent of hymexazol and 68.3 percent of water.
The ethylicin can act with the substances containing sulfur radicals in the thalli to interfere the synthesis of thalli cell wall chitin, and effectively inhibit the normal metabolism of fungi and bacteria, thereby achieving the effect of preventing diseases and being a high-efficiency pollution-free broad-spectrum bionic bactericide; it also has effects in promoting germination, increasing germination rate, increasing yield and improving quality. The hymexazol can effectively inhibit the normal growth of pathogenic fungi mycelium or directly kill pathogenic bacteria, and can also promote the growth of plants; and has the functions of promoting the growth and development of crop root system, rooting and strengthening seedling and raising the survival rate of crop. The two bactericides have different action mechanisms and obvious synergistic effect. The selected diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can improve the photosynthesis rate and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of fruit trees, and can enhance the water and fertilizer absorption of the fruit trees and improve the fruit quality by matching with other nutrient components.
Example 2
A method for preventing and treating root rot of fruit trees comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out the following steps in the growth period of the fruit trees:
(1) applying a bio-organic fertilizer to fruit trees in autumn in a surrounding way, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer (2012) quasi-character (0942) number bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei giant microbial engineering company Limited;
(2) before the fruit tree sprouts in spring of the next year, in the range of 30cm away from a projection line (the projection line of the crown vertical to the ground) corresponding to the crown of the fruit tree, the fruit tree root rot control agent is diluted 1500 times to irrigate the root, the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, the diameter is 1-1.5 cm, 10 root irrigation points are uniformly distributed, the dosage of the root irrigation agent is based on the leaching solution on the surface layer of the soil, and two adjacent root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner;
(3) if the fruit tree suffers from root rot, diluting the fruit tree root rot control agent by 1000 times within the range of 40cm away from a projection line corresponding to the crown of the fruit tree to carry out agent root irrigation, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, the diameter is 1-1.5 cm, the number of root irrigation points is 12, the amount of the root irrigation agent is based on the fact that leachate is on the surface layer of soil, the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner, every 3 root irrigation points are arranged outside the projection line of the crown, and 1 root irrigation point is arranged inside the projection line of the crown.
The fruit tree root rot control agent is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 5% of potassium humate, 20% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.4% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.1% of potassium indolebutyrate, 0.4% of zhongshengmycin, 0.3% of Xinjunan and 68.8% of water.
The selected naphthylacetic acid and sodium salt thereof can promote the generation of adventitious roots and roots, and can effectively improve the anti-adversity abilities of waterlogging resistance, disease resistance and the like of fruit trees; indolebutyric acid and potassium salt thereof: can induce the formation of the root protomer, promote the differentiation and the division of cells, is beneficial to the growth of new roots and the differentiation of vascular bundle systems, and promotes the formation of adventitious roots; compound sodium nitrophenolate: promoting protoplasm flow, accelerating the absorption of nutrient substances by the fruit trees, improving the nutrient utilization rate, promoting the growth of root systems and enhancing the disease and insect resistance of the fruit trees; the two regulators are combined and used in a proper proportion, and the synergistic effect is obvious.
The selected zhongshengmycin is a novel agricultural antibiotic produced by microbial fermentation, has a wide bactericidal spectrum, has good control effect on bacterial and fungal diseases of crops, and can improve the disease resistance of plants; the function of preventing and treating bacterial diseases is achieved by inhibiting peptide bond formation in the process of synthesizing mycoprotein; has strong inhibiting effect on fungus spore germination, causes protoplasm in hypha cells to aggregate, and changes the form of filamentous hypha; has no pollution to environment and no harm to human and livestock. The octyl tetramine is an environment-friendly amino acid high molecular polymer bactericide, has obvious killing and inhibiting effects on various plant fungi, bacteria and viruses causing crop diseases, can damage cell membranes of the germs, inhibit a respiratory system, solidify protein, denature enzyme to generate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and does not generate resistance after long-term use. The two can cooperate to increase the efficiency, and the effect is obvious.
After the control agent is applied to a common orchard according to the method, the control effect reaches more than 97.3 percent.
Example 3
A method for preventing and treating root rot of fruit trees comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out the following steps in the growth period of the fruit trees:
(1) applying a bio-organic fertilizer to fruit trees in autumn in a surrounding way, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer (2012) quasi-character (0942) number bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei giant microbial engineering company Limited;
(2) before the fruit tree sprouts in spring of the next year, diluting 1200 times of the fruit tree root rot control agent within 25cm of a projection line (the projection line of the crown vertical to the ground) corresponding to the crown of the fruit tree to irrigate the root with the agent, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, the diameter is 1-1.5 cm, 9 root irrigation points are uniformly distributed, the dosage of the root irrigation agent is based on the leaching solution on the surface layer of the soil, and the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner;
(3) if the fruit tree suffers from root rot, diluting the fruit tree root rot control agent by 900 times within the range of 35cm from a projection line corresponding to the crown of the fruit tree to carry out agent root irrigation, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, the diameter is 1-1.5 cm, the number of root irrigation points is 12, the amount of the root irrigation agent is based on the fact that leachate is on the surface layer of soil, the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner, every 2 root irrigation points are arranged outside the projection line of the crown, and 1 root irrigation point is arranged inside the projection line of the crown.
The fruit tree root rot control agent is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 8% of humic acid ammonium, 12% of diammonium phosphate, 11% of potassium chloride, 1.2% of brassinolide, 0.8% of shenqinmycin and 67% of water.
The brassinolide has obvious promotion effect on root growth, can assist the inferior parts of crops to grow well, resists the harm of various viruses, bacteria and fungi, and can greatly enhance the disease resistance of the crops by matching with the nutrient components.
The shenqinmycin is a novel green pesticide with microbial source secreted by pseudomonas fluorescens through biological culture, has double functions of broad-spectrum inhibition of plant pathogenic bacteria and promotion of plant growth, and has the characteristics of broad spectrum and high efficiency.
After the control agent is applied to a common orchard according to the method, the control effect reaches over 96.7 percent.
Example 4
And (4) field test. The test is carried out in Yan West county of Sanxia lingbao City, Henan province, 40 fruit trees with the age of 8-10 years are selected, the average age is 9 years, the plot is affected by long-term topdressing of compound fertilizer, improper management and other factors to cause successive root rot of the fruit trees, the course of disease is 2-5 years, and the average course of disease is 3 years. Of the 40 trees, 20 apple trees and 20 peach trees, the fruit tree root rot control method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is compared with the growth condition of the fruit tree under the condition that the disease condition of the fruit tree is the same and the number of the fruit trees is the same by conventional fertilization (compound fertilizer + organic fertilizer + bactericide) (the experimental data processing and statistics are carried out by the conventional method), and the method is as follows:
TABLE 1 comparison of the effect of the control method of the present invention on root rot disease with that of the conventional fertilization method
As can be seen from Table 1, the effect of preventing and treating the root rot of the fruit trees by adopting the method is obviously higher than that of the conventional method. The method of the invention is continuously adopted to prevent and treat the root rot, the effect is obvious, the quality and the quick effect are realized, the recovered fruit tree has strong growth vigor and no recurrence phenomenon; although the conventional treatment can also play a certain role in prevention and treatment, the prevention and treatment effect is inferior to that of the method, and the relapse phenomenon occurs in the 2 nd year. Therefore, the invention can be shown to have obvious effect on preventing and treating the root rot of fruit trees.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the specific parameters of the embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and a plurality of specific embodiments are formed, which are common variations of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and treating root rot of fruit trees comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out the following steps in the growth period of the fruit trees:
(1) applying a biological organic fertilizer to the fruit trees in autumn in a ring manner, wherein the total weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 5wt%, the total weight of organic matters is more than or equal to 45wt%, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/gram, the strains comprise at least two of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the effective viable counts among different strains are equal;
(2) before the fruit tree sprouts in spring of the next year, applying a fruit tree root rot control agent within the range of 20-30 cm away from a projection line corresponding to a fruit tree crown, diluting the fruit tree root rot control agent by 1000-1500 times, then irrigating the root with the agent, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, 8-10 uniformly distributed root irrigation points are adopted, and the amount of the root irrigation agent is based on leachate on the surface layer of soil;
(3) if the fruit tree suffers from root rot, applying a fruit tree root rot control agent within a range of 30-40 cm from a projection line corresponding to a crown of the fruit tree, diluting the fruit tree root rot control agent by 800-1000 times, and then irrigating the root with the agent, wherein the root irrigation depth is 20-30 cm, 10-16 uniformly distributed root irrigation points are provided, and the dose of the root irrigation agent is based on leachate on the surface layer of soil;
the fruit tree root rot control agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3-10% of humic acid, 10-50% of macroelements, 0.3-1.5% of plant growth regulator, 0.5-1% of bactericide and the balance of water, wherein the humic acid is at least one of sodium humate, potassium humate and ammonium humate; the plant growth regulator is at least one of naphthylacetic acid and sodium salt thereof, indolebutyric acid and potassium salt thereof, brassinolide, compound sodium nitrophenolate, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and triacontanol; the bactericide is at least one of ethylicin, hymexazol, zhongshengmycin, xinjunan and shenqinmycin; the macroelement is a mixture of at least two of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is derived from at least one of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, the phosphate fertilizer is derived from at least one of monopotassium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is derived from at least one of potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride.
2. The method for controlling fruit tree root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the steps (2) and (3), the diameter of the root irrigation point is 1-1.5 cm.
3. The method for controlling fruit tree root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the steps (2) and (3), the root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the tree crown projection line in a staggered mode.
4. The method for controlling fruit tree root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), two adjacent root irrigation points are arranged inside and outside the projection line of the crown in a staggered manner.
5. The method for controlling fruit tree root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), every 3 root irrigation points are arranged outside the tree crown projection line, and 1 root irrigation point is arranged inside the tree crown projection line.
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| CN107686411B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2021-03-23 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | Sugarcane antibacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107721573A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-23 | 成都盛世光华生物科技有限公司 | Rare micro- willow nutrient solution and its application needed for a kind of energy supplement |
| CN107973653A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-05-01 | 上海农乐生物制品股份有限公司 | A kind of cucumber fruiting period fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108530166A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-14 | 玉门龙川高科技发展有限公司 | A kind of special fertilizer of prevention root rot |
| CN109429836A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-08 | 砀山县卓苑森涛水果种植专业合作社 | A kind of apple tree replants the control method of obstacle |
| CN110896952A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-24 | 广西大学 | Medicament composition for breaking cherry dormancy |
| CN112042451A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-12-08 | 苍溪县米丘淋梨芋专业合作社 | Method for preventing and treating pear root rot |
| CN111972194A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Method for treating root rot of apocarya |
| CN113197001A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Method for preventing and treating xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge root rot |
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