CN115191282A - Early prevention and control method for pomegranate root rot - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an early prevention and control method for pomegranate root rot, which comprises the following steps; s1, draining water through a deep groove, wherein the deep groove of a land block with root rot is drained, and the air permeability of soil is improved; s2, re-shearing and retracting to reduce the crown and the tree body; s3, airing roots and debriding, S4, detoxifying with a medicament, S5, ridging roots, and ridging roots after the pomegranate plants infected with root rot complete root airing and debriding and the medicament detoxify; culturing adventitious roots above the neck of pomegranate root, and reconstructing root base; s6, controlling the flower and rejuvenating. By the treatment of the method, the pomegranate root rot can be controlled, and the plant can be recovered within 2-3 years.

Description

Early prevention and control method for pomegranate root rot

Technical Field

The invention provides an early prevention and control method for pomegranate root rot, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree pest control.

Background

The root rot of the pomegranate is an important soil-borne disease in pomegranate production areas, pathogenic bacteria are spread through soil to cause root infection of the pomegranate, the root rot of the pomegranate has strong concealment and is very difficult to control, and the disease is usually manifested by symptoms and then enters the achene and is difficult to cure, so that the whole plant dies.

The strain is mainly characterized in that the large conidiophore is sickle-shaped and horse-shaped, the two ends are blunt and round, the top is bent, the base is provided with a heel, and 2-8 diaphragms are arranged; single phialides of spore-forming cells, long cylinder shape. The disease occurs in domestic and foreign producing areas, the symptoms are shown in that the leaves of 1-2 branches on the aerial parts of pomegranate plants turn yellow and then turn yellow-red, the disease develops gradually, the whole leaves turn yellow and red, the diseased branches or diseased plants basically cannot bear fruits, the leaves are yellow and fall off in the later period, and finally the whole plants die. The symptoms of the underground part are that part of lateral roots are infected by pathogenic bacteria, the cortex becomes black brown, the disease develops further, the main root can be damaged, the cortex becomes black brown, the whole root is rotten, and the overground part is withered. After bearing fruits, the fruits infected with pathogenic bacteria are small, the fruit peels are thin, immature fruit peels turn yellow or red (false precocity), the seeds are fine, the soluble solid content is low, the taste is light and astringent, and the commercial value is avoided.

The main factors include the following:

1. the susceptible variety is the main factor of pomegranate root rot epidemic

The area of the existing pomegranate in the Panxi area is more than 50 ten thousand mu, the area is mainly distributed in the Kenren and the district of the Liangshan city counties such as Huidong, wenchang, german Chang and Ming and the Panzhihua city, the main variety of pomegranate cultivation in the Panxi area is Huidong green skin soft seed pomegranate, and the new variety introduction research post of the pomegranate in the Xinjiang characteristic fruit innovation team of Sichuan in 2010 succeeds in introducing the Tunisi soft seed pomegranate. The soft Tunisse seed pomegranate is convenient to chew and swallow due to the soft seed core, has good palatability and high nutritional value, and is popular with consumers. The Tuniser soft-seed pomegranate is developed rapidly in the west pomegranate producing area by 2020, and the substitution rate of Tuniser soft-seed pomegranate varieties reaches over 90% in 10 years. The method for developing the Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate in the western climbing region comprises two development modes of high grafting and seed changing and cuttage seedling transplanting and orchard establishment, wherein the high grafting and seed changing cultivation is carried out in an orchard which is cultivated by managing the green-peel soft-seed pomegranate of the original variety and mature, the green-peel soft-seed pomegranate is used as a stock, and the high grafting and seed changing Tunisse soft-seed pomegranate is adopted. And the orchard built by adopting the cuttage seedlings of the Tunissan soft-seed pomegranate to be transplanted, planted and planted has poor disease resistance to pomegranate root rot and serious occurrence. Since 2010, the area of an orchard for transplanting pomegranate cutting seedlings to build a garden in a yield area of the Panxi pomegranate is over 15 ten thousand mu, and almost occupies 1/3 of the whole area. The root rot of the Tunisse soft seed pomegranate anvil is serious because the cutting seedlings directly contact with soil, the popularization and application of susceptible varieties cause the wide spread of the root rot of the pomegranate in the area of climbing pomegranate production, and the root rot of the pomegranate becomes one of the main diseases in the area of climbing pomegranate production.

2. The climatic conditions are favorable for the occurrence and the spread of pomegranate root rot

The climate in the Panxi region is dry in winter and spring, and rainfall is concentrated in summer and autumn. The annual rainfall of pomegranate producing areas is 800-1100mm, but the rainfall is mainly concentrated on more than 90% of the annual rainfall point in 6-9 months, during the period, the rain and heat are in the same season, the climate is high temperature and high humidity, and the pathogenic bacteria grow and propagate vigorously. The phenomenon of continuous rainy days often occurs, the difficulty of drainage of the orchard is high, the occurrence and propagation speed of pomegranate root rot are high, and the occurrence of the root rot is easy to cause.

3. Topography and soil environment with abundant pomegranate root rot

The pomegranate is drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, is most suitable for cultivating sandy loam in a dry sloping bench land, has good drainage, good soil permeability and less pomegranate root rot, and is particularly best for cultivating purple stone millet soil in the dry sloping bench land. And the land with heavy viscosity needs to be cultivated in deep ditches and high ridges to facilitate drainage and increase the air permeability of the rhizosphere soil. The rapid development of Tunisse soft-seed pomegranates in pomegranate production areas in the western climbing areas has the disadvantages that flat land or low-lying land blocks are generally cultivated, soil in some land blocks is heavy, ditching and ridging are not carried out, planting is deep, waterlogging is serious in rainy seasons, and root rot is serious.

4. The damage of underground pests is one of the serious factors causing root rot

The soil insects harmful to pomegranate mainly include grub larva of scarab, pomegranate root knot nematode, wireworm, etc. According to the experimental research carried out by a special fruit innovation team in the Sichuan Panxi area, grubs of larvae of the scarab gnaw root cortex, so that the trees are yellowed, senilism and infected and dead at the roots. The infected diseases are mainly root rot, in Huang Lianguan Zhensha pomegranate producing areas in Xichang city, pomegranate orchard soil is silted soil in an Anning river basin, soil is sticky sand soil, grubs are seriously damaged, the annual incidence rate of the root rot is more than 20 percent, and the development of local pomegranate industry and the income of fruit growers are seriously influenced. Pomegranate root knot nematode disease damages pomegranate, a large number of root nodules are formed on the root system of a diseased plant, main roots are swollen and rotten, the large and small tumors grow on fibrous roots, the fibrous roots become thick and short, the fibrous roots form root clusters, new roots are easy to break and break, the color of the normal root system is not available, and the development and the function of the root system are hindered, so that overground branches, leaves and flowers are influenced, and the tree vigor is weak and the yield is seriously reduced. The epidermis of the root of the pomegranate in severe cases is browned, the whole root system is rotten in later period and loses life vitality, diseased plants are seriously dwarfed, leaves are yellow and droop to be withered, and the symptoms are most obvious in high-temperature drought. The damage of underground pests occurs, the root injury is caused, and the root rot pathogenic bacteria are infected, so that the root rot occurs.

5. Improper fertilization

Mainly characterized in that the pomegranate is not decomposed by applying organic fertilizer to cause the pomegranate to burn roots; if the chemical fertilizer is applied too close to the root, the chemical fertilizer is applied in a concentrated heap, or the fertilizer application amount is too large, so that general burns or damage is caused. The injured pomegranate roots are infected with germs to form root rot.

6. Aging of tree body

The tree body is aged, the root system of the pomegranate tree grows weakly, and fibrous roots and absorption roots are few. The disease resistance of the root system is weakened, the probability of infecting root rot is increased, and the root rot disease is serious.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an early prevention and control method for pomegranate root rot, which aims at the specific prevention and control of pomegranate in Panxi area.

The early symptoms are: the plant grows slowly, the young shoots are less or not taken out, or the growing points die after the young shoots are taken out, and newly grown leaves become small and gradually fade and yellow. The aged leaves are thin and soft, and often show wilting at high temperature. Most plants show yellowing of 1-2 main branch leaves and further yellowing of the whole plant. The growth vigor of the plant tree is weak, the flower quantity in the flowering phase after fruit bearing period infection is large, the proportion of cylindrical flowers is low, but fruit setting is more, and the fruit setting quantity is in an overload state. The weight of a single fruit of the fruit is smaller, the surface of the fruit is colored early but not glossy, the peel is thin, the kernel is fine, the taste is light and the flavor is poor. The root symptoms are shown in that the root system on one side of the etiolated main branch absorbs the damaged root, the fibrous root is less, and the damaged root system is black brown.

The method for early prevention and treatment of pomegranate root rot comprises the following steps;

s1, deep groove drainage

The deep trench of the land where the root rot occurs drains water, so that the air permeability of the soil is increased;

the method comprises the steps of ditching in the pomegranate land blocks according to each row, wherein the depth of ditches is 60-80cm, the width of ditches is 50-60cm, the soil dug out by ditching is uniformly paved on a compartment surface, and the compartment surface is kept dry. The tail end of the drainage ditch keeps smooth drainage and no water is accumulated in the ditch.

S2, re-shearing retraction

The crown of the tree is reduced, and the tree body is reduced;

the method comprises the following steps: determining good bone stem branches in an open heart-shaped tree form, reserving 2-3 bone stem branches for each plant, and thinning redundant bone stem branches; 2-3 main branches are reserved in each bone trunk branch; all branches except the secondary main branch are pruned. The trunk-shaped tree body keeps 2-3 main branches, each main branch keeps 2-3 branches, and all the branches except the secondary main branch are cut off in the same way. After re-shearing and retraction, only the basic skeleton of the pomegranate tree body is kept, the height is 80-100cm, and the trunk-shaped tree body is not more than 120cm.

S3, airing roots and debriding

The method for cleaning roots comprises the steps of digging tree trays without damaging healthy root systems, properly drying the root systems and rhizosphere soil for 1-3 days to reduce the water content of the rhizosphere soil to 10-20%, cleaning the root systems of the pomegranate, finding out diseased roots and focuses, cutting the diseased roots, scraping the decayed tissues of the focuses by a knife, collecting and cleaning the focuses, and intensively destroying the focuses.

S4, detoxification of medicament

After the root is aired and debrided, the debrided part of the root system and rhizosphere soil are disinfected. The method comprises the following steps: screening a compound medicament or a compound medicament which combines the absorbability and the universality and can kill lower fungi, higher fungi and bacteria; smearing and infiltrating the debridement wound, and carrying out medicament root irrigation and disinfection treatment on rhizosphere soil. The selected medicament is hymexazol, azoxystrobin and chlorobromoisocyanuric acid for root irrigation and detoxification for 3-4 times, and 1 time every 10-15 days.

Applying a wound smearing preparation to the wound with the heavy shear retraction more than 2 cm; and spraying bactericide such as carbendazim and mancozeb on the tree body to protect the whole tree.

S5, ridging and banking up roots

After the pomegranate plants infected with the root rot are aired and debrided, and the medicine is detoxified, ridge soil is used for banking up roots; culturing adventitious roots above the neck of pomegranate root, and reconstructing root base;

the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing nutrient soil. The nutrient soil mainly comprises fine sandy loam or humus soil, the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam or the humus soil is not less than 60%, and the ratio of the added nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer which are 0.5% by mass is 15:15:15, uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture.

(2) And (5) ridge soil. Backfilling the tree disk soil after the medicament is disinfected, and ridging the soil with nutrient soil to a position 15-20cm above the original root neck of the root neck.

(3) And (5) bacon. Keeping ridge soil moist, keeping water content at 10-20%, and spraying urea water with mass concentration of 1% when adventitious roots grow out from the upper part of the root neck after 3 weeks; and increasing water and fertilizer management, hilling the grown adventitious roots, and culturing regenerated nutrient roots.

S6, flower control and rejuvenation

The method comprises removing all flower buds in the flowering stage of the 2 nd year of root rot control, controlling reproductive growth, and promoting vegetative growth to recover tree vigor.

Detailed Description

The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.

The early prevention and control method for pomegranate root rot comprises the following steps:

1. deep trench drainage

The pomegranate root rot disease is mainly caused by drought resistance, waterlogging tolerance, water accumulation at roots, poor drainage, heavy soil adhesion, overlarge humidity and poor air permeability. The land with root rot needs deep ditch drainage, increases soil permeability and improves root growth vigor. The method comprises the steps of ditching in the pomegranate land blocks according to each row, wherein the depth of ditches is 60-80cm, the width of ditches is 50-60cm, the soil dug out by ditching is uniformly paved on a compartment surface, and the compartment surface is kept dry. The tail end of the drainage ditch keeps smooth drainage, and no water is accumulated in the ditch.

2. Re-shearing retraction

The pomegranate has root rot, the capacity of absorbing water, nutrients and mineral substances of roots is weakened, the capacity of supplying nutrients to larger tree crowns and tree bodies is weakened, and the tree crowns and the tree bodies need to be reduced so as to keep the supply of more nutrients to the tree bodies and improve the vitality. The method comprises the following steps: determining good skeleton branches in an open heart-shaped tree form, reserving 2-3 skeleton branches per plant, and thinning redundant skeleton branches; 2-3 main branches are reserved in each bone trunk branch; all branches except the secondary main branch are pruned. The trunk-shaped tree body keeps 2-3 main branches, each main branch keeps 2-3 branches, and all the branches except the secondary main branch are cut off in the same way. After re-shearing and retraction, only the basic skeleton of the pomegranate tree body is kept, the height is 80-100cm, and the trunk-shaped tree body is not more than 120cm.

3. Root-airing debridement

The pomegranate tree with root rot has high humidity of the rhizosphere environment, and root cells generate alcohol or lactic acid through anaerobic respiration to form root internal toxicity, so that the cells die and the root system is rotten. The soil outside the roots is anoxic, the activity of soil aerobic microorganisms is reduced, the released quick-acting nutrients are reduced, and denitrification can be caused to lose nitrogen; some nutrient elements in the soil, such as nitrogen, sulfur, iron, manganese, phosphorus and the like, are in a reduction state and are unfavorable for absorbing root systems or generate toxicity. Root cooling and debridement are important measures taken according to the pathogenic rhizosphere environment and focus of root rot. The method is that the tree tray is dug carefully without damaging the healthy root system, the root system and the rhizosphere soil are properly aired for 1 to 3 days, so that the water content of the rhizosphere soil is reduced to 10 to 20 percent (the rhizosphere soil can be agglomerated by hand and can be scattered after falling to the ground); carefully cleaning the pomegranate root system, finding out diseased roots and focuses, cutting the diseased roots, scraping the decayed tissues of the focuses by a knife, collecting and cleaning the focuses, and intensively destroying the focuses.

4. Drug detoxification

After the root is aired and debrided, the debrided part of the root system and rhizosphere soil need to be disinfected. The method comprises the following steps: screening a compound medicament or a compound medicament which combines the absorbability and the universality and can kill lower fungi, higher fungi and bacteria; smearing and infiltrating the debridement wound, and carrying out medicament root irrigation and disinfection treatment on rhizosphere soil. The selected medicament is hymexazol, azoxystrobin and chlorobromoisocyanuric acid for root irrigation and detoxification for 3-4 times, and 1 time every 10-15 days. Applying a wound smearing preparation to the wound with the heavy shear retraction more than 2 cm; the bactericide such as carbendazim, mancozeb and the like is sprayed on the tree body to carry out whole plant protection.

5. Ridging and banking up

After the pomegranate plants infected with the root rot are finished, the pomegranate plants need to be ridged and bached after the root is aired and debrided and the medicament is detoxified. The adventitious root with strong growing capacity and nutrient absorption capacity needs to be cultured above the root neck of the pomegranate to rebuild the root base, so that the pomegranate can be well rejuvenated and the root rot of the pomegranate can be resisted to reoccur. The basis is as follows: (1) The pomegranate plant is infected with root rot to cause damage to the root system, or the root system loses regeneration or meristematic capacity due to too deep planting, and the germinated vegetative root and the absorbed root are few and difficult to rejuvenate; (2) The meristem of the cambium of the pomegranate branch and stem has the characteristics of strong differentiation and regeneration, and can differentiate adventitious buds or adventitious roots under certain environment. The method comprises the following steps: and (1) preparing nutrient soil. The nutrient soil mainly comprises fine sandy loam or humus soil, the content proportion of the fine sandy loam or the humus soil is not less than 60%, and 0.5% of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is added in the nutrient soil, wherein the proportion of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 15:15:15, uniformly mixing and stirring the mixture. And (2) ridging. Backfilling tree disk soil after the medicament is detoxified, and ridging soil with nutrient soil until the distance between the root neck and the original root neck is 15-20cm. And (3) bacon. The ridge soil is kept moist, the water content is kept between 10 and 20 percent, a large amount of adventitious roots grow out from the upper part of the root neck after 3 weeks, and at the moment, 1 percent of urea water can be used for spraying to promote the growth of the adventitious roots. And increasing water and fertilizer management, properly hilling the grown adventitious roots, and culturing the regenerated nutrient roots.

6. Flower control rejuvenation

During the period, flower control and rejuvenation are needed. The method comprises removing all flower buds in the flowering stage of the 2 nd year of root rot control, controlling reproductive growth, and promoting vegetative growth to recover tree vigor. Meanwhile, root ridging and water and fertilizer management are enhanced, and newly grown adventitious roots on the upper layer are cultured into main absorption roots.

By the method, pomegranate root rot can be controlled, and plants can be recovered within 2-3 years.

Claims (7)

1. The method for preventing and treating the pomegranate root rot at the early stage is characterized by comprising the following steps;

s1, deep groove drainage

The deep trench of the land where the root rot occurs drains water, so that the air permeability of the soil is increased;

s2, re-shearing retraction

The crown of the tree is reduced, and the tree body is reduced;

s3, airing roots and debriding

The method for cleaning roots comprises the steps of digging tree trays without damaging healthy root systems, properly drying the root systems and rhizosphere soil in the sun to reduce the water content of the rhizosphere soil to 10-20%, cleaning the root systems of the pomegranate, finding out diseased roots and focuses, cutting the diseased roots, scraping decayed tissues of the focuses by a knife, collecting and cleaning the focuses, and intensively destroying the focuses;

s4, detoxification of medicament

Carrying out whole plant protection on the retracted wound of the heavy shears and the sheared plant, and disinfecting the debrided part of the root system and rhizosphere soil after airing and debriding;

s5, ridging and banking up roots

After the pomegranate plants infected with the root rot are aired and debrided, and the medicine is detoxified, ridge soil is used for banking up roots; culturing new absorption root on the damaged root system, culturing adventitious root at the neck and above parts of pomegranate, and reconstructing root base;

s6, controlling the flower and rejuvenating.

2. The early prevention and treatment method for pomegranate root rot according to claim 1, wherein the S1 deep groove drainage method comprises: ditching in pomegranate plots according to rows, wherein the depth of ditches is 60-80cm, the width of ditches is 50-60cm, and the soil dug out by ditching is uniformly paved on a compartment surface to keep the compartment surface dry; the tail end of the drainage ditch keeps smooth drainage and no water is accumulated in the ditch.

3. The method for the early prevention and treatment of pomegranate root rot according to claim 1, wherein the S2, re-shearing retraction method is: determining skeleton branches of a multi-trunk open-heart-shaped tree body, reserving 2-3 skeleton branches per tree, and thinning redundant skeleton branches; 2-3 main branches are reserved in each backbone branch; cutting all branches except the secondary main branch; 2-3 main branches are reserved on the trunk-shaped tree body, 2-3 branches are reserved on each main branch, and all the branches except the secondary main branch are cut off in the same way; after re-shearing and retraction, only the basic skeleton of the pomegranate tree body is kept, the height is 80-100cm, and the trunk-shaped tree body is not more than 120cm.

4. The method for preventing and treating pomegranate root rot according to claim 1, wherein the method for disinfecting S4 and the chemical agent is as follows: screening a compound medicament or a compound medicament which combines the absorbability and the universality and can kill lower fungi, higher fungi and bacteria; smearing and infiltrating the debridement wound, and carrying out medicament root irrigation and disinfection treatment on rhizosphere soil; applying a wound smearing agent to the wound with the heavy shear retraction of more than 2 cm; spraying a bactericide on the tree body to protect the whole tree.

5. The early prevention and treatment method for pomegranate root rot according to claim 4, wherein S4 is prepared by mixing hymexazol, azoxystrobin and chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, and performing root irrigation and detoxification for 3-4 times, 1 time every 10-15 days.

6. The early control method of pomegranate root rot according to claim 1, wherein S5, the method of ridge-soil bacng is:

(1) Preparing nutrient soil; the nutrient soil mainly comprises fine sandy loam or humus soil, the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam or the humus soil is not less than 60%, and the ratio of the added nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer which are 0.5% by mass is 15:15:15, uniformly mixing and stirring the compound fertilizer;

(2) Ridge soil; backfilling tree disk soil after the medicament is detoxified, and ridging soil with nutrient soil until the soil is 15-20cm above the original root neck of the root neck;

(3) Bacon; keeping ridge soil moist, keeping water content at 10-20%, and spraying urea water with mass concentration of 1% when adventitious roots grow out from the upper part of root necks after 3 weeks; and increasing water and fertilizer management, hilling the grown adventitious roots, and culturing regenerated nutrient roots.

7. The method for preventing and treating pomegranate root rot according to claim 1, wherein S6, flower control and rejuvenation are performed by removing all flower buds at the 2 nd flowering stage of root rot control; enhancing water and fertilizer management and ridging, and culturing the newly grown new root into an absorption root.