CN110192487B - Management method of young citrus reiculata trees - Google Patents
Management method of young citrus reiculata trees Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 title claims description 20
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005980 Gibberellic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013557 nattō Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Or production and discloses a management method of Or young trees, which comprises the following steps: (1) the fertilization method of the young trees comprises the following steps: the fertilization method for the young trees is divided into application within 3 years, and hole expanding and soil improving are carried out every year; (2) the shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps: periodically drying, shaping, bud picking and tip releasing the young trees after field planting; (3) the management and management method of flower and fruit control comprises the following steps: adopting flower and fruit thinning measures for young trees in the 2 nd spring of planting; (4) the soil management method comprises the following steps: a method of combining mulching film and tree disc coverage is adopted; (5) the method for water management comprises the following steps: the principle that the main ditch is deeper than the side ditch and the side ditch is deeper than the compartment ditch is adopted. The method can solve the technical problems that the ordinary Wo oranges are easy to suffer from canker during the young trees, the fruiting rate of the trees is low and the growth of the fruit trees is slow because soil improvement work is not carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Or production management, and particularly relates to a management method of Or young trees.
Background
The Or is a hybrid of "Temple" orange and "Danxi" red orange. The variety belongs to a late-maturing hybrid citrus variety. Strong growth potential, natural round head shape of crown at initial stage, gradual opening after fruiting, short thorns on branch tips. The yield of the Wookan is high, in Guangxi Nanning, the plant yield of three-year-old fruit trees reaches 50-100kg, the plant yield of five-year-old fruit trees reaches 100-150kg, the yield per mu in the high-yield period reaches more than 3500kg, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed in the harvest period of an orchard with a large area. In addition, the Or not only has fragrant and sweet taste, but also has high nutritive value, and contains 13.3% of soluble solid, 0.58% of titrating acid, 12.76 g/100 ml of invert sugar, 6.84 g/100 ml of reducing sugar, 23.69 mg/100 ml of Vc content and 22.9 of solid-acid ratio. The edible rate is 76.62%, and the juice yield is 59.56%.
The Or trees are called young trees after planting and before flowering and fruiting. As the Or is very easy to flower, the key point of entering the fruiting period is the cultivation of the crown and branch tip structure of the saplings. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, the seeds are generally planted for about 2-3 years and enter a fruit testing period. However, the woolly oranges are susceptible to canker during young trees, generally, woolly orange orchards in the south are improved on barren eucalyptus forests and sugarcane lands, soil preparation work is not in place, and generally, the young trees are not improved, so that the fruiting rate of trees is low, and the growth of fruit trees is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a management method of young trees of Or and solves the technical problems that ordinary Or is susceptible to canker during the period of the young trees, the fruiting rate of tree bodies is low and the growth of fruit trees is slow because soil improvement work is not carried out.
In order to achieve the aim, the management method of the Or citrus young trees comprises the following steps:
(1) the fertilization method of the young trees comprises the following steps: the fertilization method for the young trees is divided into 3 years of fertilization, and hole expanding and soil improving are carried out every year:
a. fertilizing method in the 1 st year of planting: after the young trees turn green for the first time, applying 4.5-5 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.3% to each plant; applying the fertilizer once 15 days before sprouting according to a fertilization method of turning green from the first tip, and applying the fertilizer once again according to a fertilization method of turning green from the first tip after self-shearing, wherein the fertilizing amount is gradually increased by 0.5kg each time; beginning in the last ten days of 3 months, alternately applying 30-50 g of urea or 50g of biological organic fertilizer per month before and after raining, and applying fertilizer for at least 5 times a year; spraying foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times outside the roots in the tip strengthening period and the disease and pest control at each time, wherein the distance between the foliar fertilizer and the trunk is 15-20 centimeters during fertilization;
b. a fertilization method in the 2 nd year of planting: applying winter fertilizers before spring festival, and combining hole expanding and soil improving, wherein 50-100 g of urea or 100-150 g of bio-organic fertilizer is alternately applied to each plant every time, and the application amount of urea per time is not more than 100 g; fertilizing with 15-20 cm away from the trunk; fertilizing for at least 5 times in one year;
c. a fertilization method in the 3 rd year of planting: if the fruit bearing is not planned in the 3 rd year after planting, the fertilizing method is the same as the fertilizing method in the 2 nd year of planting;
d. the method for expanding the hole and improving the soil is carried out every year: opening a cave or a ditch outside the water dropping line of the crown and next to the outer edge of the original soil improving cave or ditch, wherein the depth of the cave or the ditch is 50-80 cm, and the width of the cave or the ditch is 0.5-1 m, so that a root system is seen; changing soil-improving positions every year, applying soil-improving materials, performing year by year in stages, performing soil improvement on one side or two sides of plants, and completing soil improvement in a whole garden before high yield; the soil improving material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of crude fiber organic matter, 60-70 parts of decomposed livestock manure and 1-10 parts of bran fertilizer, 20-30 kg of soil improving material is applied to each plant in a layered mode, the soil improving material is divided into 2-3 layers, a proper amount of lime is added to each layer, and 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate is added to the uppermost layer;
(2) the shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps: periodically carrying out drying, shaping, bud picking and shoot releasing on young trees after field planting:
a. the method for drying comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are planted and survived, cutting the trunk short at the position which is 30-50 cm away from the ground and is full of the buds in the middle of the branch tips; after the short cutting, a shaping belt is arranged between 10 cm and 15cm below the scissoring bud, and a trunk is arranged below the shaping belt; branches and buds growing on the trunk need to be wiped off in time, and the height of the trunk is kept to be more than 30cm after the trunk enters the delivery process;
b. the shaping method comprises the following steps: in the first year, 3-4 branch tips with the same growth vigor in different directions are selected from a shaping belt and cultured into first-level main branches; selecting 3-4 branches with uniform growth vigor and reasonable distribution from each branch, performing short shearing and leaving 20-25 cm branches containing 6-8 leaves when each branch is mature, and promoting a batch of new branches to germinate so as to form secondary, tertiary and quaternary main branches; preparing trees which are put into production in the next year, wherein the trees cannot be cut after autumn tips are aged; for plants with upright branches, after young shoots are aged or before sprouting, the main branches are pulled to about 50 degrees by thin ropes, the main branches recover to 45 degrees after loose binding, and the thin ropes are untied after 25-30 days, so that crowns are opened;
c. the bud picking and shoot tip placing method comprises the following steps: the basal tips are properly pinched before being sheared every time so as to accelerate the aging of the branch tips; after the branch tips are aged, leaving 20-25 cm branches and leaving 6-8 leaves for cutting, promoting the next batch of new tips to germinate, timely removing excessive weak buds when the new buds grow to 5-6 cm, considering the growing direction of the buds when bud thinning is carried out, and leaving only 2-3 reasonably distributed healthy and strong buds on each base tip; selecting and reserving a new shoot with uniform growth at each site during bud thinning each time; circulating the steps until more than 100 autumn shoots are cultured during production, and entering an initial fruiting period; scheduling of shoot stage: 5 shoots are left every year in the 1 st and 2 nd years after planting, and the shoot-releasing time is as follows: spring tip 2 months, summer tip 5 months before, summer tip 2 months from the end of 5 months to 6 months before, autumn tip 8 months in the middle, 9 months from the end of 10 months before; and (3) retaining the fruit bearing trees of the 3 rd young age for 3 times, wherein the tip releasing time is as follows: spring tip 2 months, summer tip 6 months to 7 months of the first ten days, autumn tip 8 months to 9 months of the first ten days;
(3) the management and management method of flower and fruit control comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting flower and fruit thinning measures for the young trees in the 2 nd spring:
a. spraying plant growth regulator and irrigating: spraying gibberellic acid with the mass fraction of 50ppm and urea with the mass fraction of 250ppm when the last shoot begins to age in winter, and spraying for 1-2 times; if water is added or nitrogen fertilizer is applied to winter and drought, the vigorous tree vigor is kept, the blooming in the next spring can be effectively controlled, and a large number of spring shoot vegetative shoots are promoted;
b. applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and thinning buds and fruits: applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 9-12 days before spring shoots are taken out in spring, accelerating spring shoot growth, and weakening flower buds and young fruits; if the measures are not carried out in place and the flower is already formed, the flower buds and young fruits need to be manually removed in time to promote quick tip extraction;
(4) the soil management method comprises the following steps: the method for combining mulching film and tree disc coverage comprises the following steps:
a. the method for mulching the plastic film comprises the following steps: the mulching film is black film, silver gray film, grass-proof cloth or water-absorbing lint; the plastic film is covered in a whole garden, and only a small part of the periphery of the trunk is exposed and uncovered; the mulching is only suitable for 2-3 years, and the crowns are removed after being enlarged so as to be beneficial to the growth of roots;
b. the tree disk covering method comprises the following steps: paving grass on a tree disc under a tree crown, wherein the grass paving thickness is 10-20 cm; newly adding a covering material every year to supplement the decomposed part;
(5) the method for water management comprises the following steps: the principle that the main ditch is deeper than the side ditch and the side ditch is deeper than the van ditch is adopted, namely the main ditch is not lower than 60 multiplied by 60cm, the side ditch is not lower than 40 multiplied by 40cm, and the van ditch is not lower than 20 multiplied by 20 cm; meanwhile, soil is backfilled on the compartment surface of the sloping field to avoid root suspension of the sloping field, and the sloping field is not drought-resistant and ridge-resistant; accumulated water needs to be drained in time in spring and summer rainy seasons; irrigation and covering for moisture preservation are needed in time when the autumn and winter are in drought; after the autumn shoots are mature, water control is paid attention to the trees which need to bear fruits in the next year so as to inhibit the winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
Particularly, the crude fiber organic matter is green manure, branches and leaves, weeds or mountain grass.
In particular, the foliar fertilizer is 0.4 to 0.5 percent of zinc sulfate solution.
In particular, the covering is ground cloth or rice straw or wheat straw or sugarcane top or mountain grass.
Particularly, the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of mushroom residues, 4-6 parts of mint leaves, 4-8 parts of chicken manure and 8-10 parts of corn straws; 0.5-3 parts of natto powder.
Particularly, the balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.3% is applied by spraying through a water and fertilizer integrated facility.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fertilizing method and the soil management method control the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, so that the young trees can be prevented from canker; the method has the advantages that the effective soil layer can be enlarged, the soil is fertilized, the water and the fertilizer are preserved and increased, the water and soil loss is prevented, the content of organic matters in the soil is increased, the pH value of the soil is improved, the soil fertility near the root system is increased, the Wo citrus root system can be fully expanded, a deep, wide and dense strong root group is formed, and the growth of the overground part is ensured; the growth rate of young trees is good.
2. The shaping and trimming method of the invention promotes the sprout of the young sprout to realize the rapid formation of the crown; can reserve extension branches and auxiliary culture branches, culture excellent mother branches with a plurality of blossoms and fruits, and has high fruiting rate, excellent fruiting quality and high yield.
3. The water management of the present invention can inhibit winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the management method of the young citrus woolly trees in the Wuming district, Tokyo and Jiujicun of Nanning 12 months and 10 days in 2015 comprises the following steps:
(1) the fertilization method of the young trees comprises the following steps: the fertilization method for the young trees is divided into application within 3 years, and hole expanding and soil improving are carried out every year:
a. fertilizing method in the 1 st year of planting: after the young trees turn green for the first time, spraying 5kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent on each plant through a water and fertilizer integrated facility; applying the fertilizer once 15 days before sprouting according to a fertilization method of turning green from the first tip, and applying the fertilizer once again according to a fertilization method of turning green from the first tip after self-shearing, wherein the fertilizing amount is gradually increased by 0.5kg each time; beginning in the last ten days of 3 months, alternately applying 50g of urea or 50g of biological organic fertilizer before and after raining according to the month, wherein the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of mushroom residues, 6 parts of mint leaves, 8 parts of chicken manure and 10 parts of corn straws; 3 parts of natto powder. Fertilizing for at least 5 times in one year; spraying foliar fertilizer outside roots for 2 times in combination with pest control in the tip strengthening period of each time, wherein the foliar fertilizer is 0.4-0.5% of zinc sulfate solution; the fertilizer is applied 20cm away from the trunk.
b. A fertilization method in the 2 nd year of planting: applying winter fertilizer before spring festival, and alternately applying 100g of urea or 150g of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant in combination with hole expanding and soil improving, wherein the application amount of urea per plant is not more than 100 g; fertilizing with 15-20 cm away from the trunk; fertilizing for 8 times a year.
c. A fertilization method in the 3 rd year of planting: if the fruit bearing is not planned in the 3 rd year after planting, the fertilizing method is the same as the fertilizing method in the 2 nd year of planting.
d. The method for expanding the hole and improving the soil is carried out every year: carrying out trench on the outer edge of the original soil improvement trench outside the tree crown water dripping line, wherein the depth of the trench is 70cm, the width of the trench is 1m, and the root can be seen; changing soil-improving positions every year, applying soil-improving materials, performing year by year in stages, performing soil improvement on two sides of plants, and completing soil improvement in a whole garden before high yield; the soil improving material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of crude fiber organic matter, 70 parts of decomposed livestock manure and 10 parts of bran fertilizer, applying 30kg of soil improvement material into each plant layer by layer, dividing the soil improvement material into 3 layers, adding a proper amount of lime into each layer, and adding 1kg of calcium superphosphate into the uppermost layer; the crude fiber organic matter is branches and leaves of trees.
(2) The shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps: periodically drying, shaping and bud picking and shoot releasing the young trees after the value is fixed, a, drying method: after the seedlings are planted and survived, cutting the trunk short at the position 40cm away from the ground and full of the buds in the middle of the branch tips; after the short cutting, a shaping belt is arranged between 10 cm and 15cm below the scissoring bud, and a trunk is arranged below the shaping belt; branches and buds growing on the trunk need to be wiped off in time, and the height of the trunk is kept to be more than 30cm after the trunk enters the delivery.
b. The shaping method comprises the following steps: in the first year, 3-4 branch tips with the same growth vigor in different directions are selected from a shaping belt and cultured into first-level main branches; selecting 3-4 branches with uniform growth vigor and reasonable distribution from each branch, performing short shearing and leaving 20-25 cm branches containing 6-8 leaves when each branch is mature, and promoting a batch of new branches to germinate so as to form secondary, tertiary and quaternary main branches; preparing trees which are put into production in the next year, wherein the trees cannot be cut in short after autumn tips are mature; and (3) pulling the main branches into 50 degrees by using thin ropes after young shoots are aged, restoring to 45 degrees after loose binding, and untying the thin ropes after 25-30 days so as to open the crowns of the plants with upright branches.
c. The bud picking and shoot tip placing method comprises the following steps: the basal tips are properly pinched before being sheared every time so as to accelerate the aging of the branch tips; after the branch tips are aged, leaving 20-25 cm branches and leaving 6-8 leaves for short shearing to promote the next batch of new tips to germinate, timely removing excessive weak buds when the new buds grow to 5-6 cm, considering the growing direction of the buds when bud thinning is carried out, and leaving only 2-3 reasonably distributed healthy and strong buds on each base tip; selecting and reserving a new shoot with uniform growth at each site during bud thinning each time; circulating the steps until more than 100 autumn shoots are cultured during production, and entering an initial fruiting period; scheduling of shoot stage: 5 shoots are left every year in the 1 st and 2 nd years after planting, and the shoot-releasing time is as follows: spring tip 2 months, summer tip 5 months before, summer tip 2 months from the end of 5 months to 6 months before, autumn tip 8 months in the middle, 9 months from the end of 10 months before; and (3) retaining the fruit bearing trees of the 3 rd young age for 3 times, wherein the tip releasing time is as follows: from 2 months in spring, 6 to 7 months before the end of summer, 8 to 9 months before the end of autumn.
(3) The management and management method of flower and fruit control comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting flower and fruit thinning measures for the young trees in the 2 nd spring: a. spraying plant growth regulator and irrigating: spraying gibberellic acid with the mass fraction of 50ppm and urea with the mass fraction of 250ppm when the last shoot begins to age in winter, and spraying for 1-2 times; if a nitrogen fertilizer is additionally applied to winter drought, the vigorous tree vigor is kept, the flowering in the spring of the next year can be effectively controlled, and a large number of spring shoot vegetative shoots are promoted.
b. Applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and thinning buds and fruits: applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 9-12 days before spring shoots are taken out in spring, accelerating spring shoot growth, and weakening flower buds and young fruits; if the measures are not carried out in place and the flower is already formed, the flower buds and young fruits need to be manually and timely removed, and the rapid tip extraction is promoted.
(4) The soil management method comprises the following steps: the method for combining mulching film and tree disc coverage comprises the following steps:
a. the method for mulching the plastic film comprises the following steps: selecting a black film as the mulching film; the plastic film is covered in a whole garden, and only a small part of the periphery of the trunk is exposed and uncovered; the mulching film is only suitable for being used for 2-3 years, and the tree crowns are removed after being enlarged, so that the root system growth is facilitated.
b. The tree disk covering method comprises the following steps: paving grass on a tree disc under a tree crown, wherein the grass paving thickness is 10-20 cm; newly adding a covering material every year to supplement the decomposed part; the covering is straw.
(5) The method for water management comprises the following steps: the principle that the main ditch is deeper than the side ditch and the side ditch is deeper than the van ditch is adopted, namely the main ditch is not lower than 60 multiplied by 60cm, the side ditch is not lower than 40 multiplied by 40cm, and the van ditch is not lower than 20 multiplied by 20 cm; meanwhile, soil is backfilled on the compartment surface of the sloping field to avoid root suspension of the sloping field, and the sloping field is not drought-resistant and ridge-resistant; accumulated water needs to be drained in time in spring and summer rainy seasons; irrigation and covering for moisture preservation are needed in time when the autumn and winter are in drought; after the autumn shoots are mature, water control is paid attention to the trees which need to bear fruits in the next year so as to inhibit the winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
The planting time, the first-year crown, the second-year crown, the third-year crown, the number of fruits and the yield of the Wo citrus planting method of the embodiment are described below.
As shown in table 1 below, in this example, planting was performed in 2016, 1 month, and 2 days in the same comparative woolly citrus planting method at different locations and with the same ground surface slope in the village, nintendo, town, and town of wuming district, south ning city. Measuring the crown of the Wo citrus young tree after the first year of field planting is carried out on the Wo citrus young tree in 2017 in 1 month and 3 days, wherein the average plant height, the average north-south crown length and the average east-west crown length of the Wo citrus young tree adopting the management method of the Wo citrus young tree are obviously larger than those of the Wo citrus young tree adopting a general Wo citrus young tree planting method; measuring the crown of the young woadd tree after the second year of field planting is carried out on the young woadd tree in 2018 for 1, 3 months, and carrying out statistics on the single plant yield, wherein the difference between the average plant height, the average north-south crown length, the average east-west crown length and the single plant yield of the young woadd tree adopting the management method of the young woadd tree of the embodiment and the young woadd tree adopting the general young woadd tree planting method is further widened; when the crown of the young woadd tree is measured and the single plant yield is unified after the third year of field planting is carried out on the young woadd tree in 2019, 1 month and 3 days, the single plant yield of the young woadd tree adopting the management method for the young woadd tree of the embodiment realizes leap forward, and the average plant height, the average north-south crown length and the average east-west crown length are also a certain distance away from the young woadd tree adopting the planting method for the ordinary young woadd tree.
TABLE 1 comparison table of crown and yield planted by the Wo citrus planting method and the Wo citrus planting method in the present example
Note: the plant height, south-north crown length, east-west crown length and individual plant yield of table 1 are the above average values per mu of wogonian.
The detection shows that the incidence rate of canker of the young trees adopting the method for the young trees of the embodiment is 1.3 percent; the incidence of canker disease in young trees using the general young tree management method was 19.3%.
In conclusion, the management method for young citrus reiliana trees can effectively prevent and treat canker, can fertilize soil, preserve water and increase fertilizer, and prevent water and soil loss, so that citrus reiliana root systems can be fully expanded, the young citrus reiliana trees grow at a good speed, the fruiting rate is high, the fruiting quality is excellent, and the yield is high.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims should be made by the patentees without exceeding the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A management method of Or citrus young trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the fertilization method of the young trees comprises the following steps: the fertilization method for the young trees is divided into application within 3 years, and hole expanding and soil improving are carried out every year:
a. fertilizing method in the 1 st year of planting: after the young trees turn green for the first time, applying 4.5-5 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.3% to each plant; applying the fertilizer once 15 days before sprouting according to a fertilization method of turning green from the first tip, and applying the fertilizer once again according to a fertilization method of turning green from the first tip after self-shearing, wherein the fertilizing amount is gradually increased by 0.5kg each time; beginning in the last ten days of 3 months, alternately applying 30-50 g of urea or 50g of biological organic fertilizer per month before and after raining, and applying fertilizer for at least 5 times a year; spraying foliar fertilizer for 1-2 times outside the roots in the tip strengthening period and the disease and pest control at each time, wherein the distance between the foliar fertilizer and the trunk is 15-20 cm during fertilization;
b. a fertilization method in the 2 nd year of planting: applying winter fertilizers before spring festival, and combining hole expanding and soil improving, wherein 50-100 g of urea or 100-150 g of bio-organic fertilizer is alternately applied to each plant every time, and the application amount of urea per time is not more than 100 g; fertilizing with 15-20 cm away from the trunk; fertilizing for at least 5 times in one year;
c. a fertilization method in the 3 rd year of planting: if the fruit bearing is not planned in the 3 rd year after planting, the fertilizing method is the same as the fertilizing method in the 2 nd year of planting;
d. the method for expanding the hole and improving the soil is carried out every year: opening a cave or a ditch outside the water dropping line of the crown and next to the outer edge of the original soil improving cave or ditch, wherein the depth of the cave or the ditch is 50-80 cm, and the width of the cave or the ditch is 0.5-1 m, so that a root system is seen; changing soil-improving positions every year, applying soil-improving materials, performing year by year in stages, performing soil improvement on one side or two sides of plants, and completing soil improvement in a whole garden before high yield; the soil improving material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of crude fiber organic matter, 60-70 parts of decomposed livestock manure and 1-10 parts of bran fertilizer, 20-30 kg of soil improving material is applied to each plant in a layered mode, the soil improving material is divided into 2-3 layers, a proper amount of lime is added to each layer, and 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate is added to the uppermost layer;
(2) the shaping and trimming method comprises the following steps: periodically carrying out drying, shaping, bud picking and shoot releasing on young trees after field planting:
a. the method for drying comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are planted and survived, cutting the trunk short at the position which is 30-50 cm away from the ground and is full of the buds in the middle of the branch tips; after the short cutting, a shaping belt is arranged between 10 cm and 15cm below the scissoring bud, and a trunk is arranged below the shaping belt; branches and buds growing on the trunk need to be wiped off in time, and the height of the trunk is kept to be more than 30cm after the trunk enters the delivery process;
b. the shaping method comprises the following steps: in the first year, 3-4 branch tips with the same growth vigor in different directions are selected from a shaping belt and cultured into first-level main branches; selecting 3-4 branches with uniform growth vigor and reasonable distribution from each branch, performing short shearing and leaving 20-25 cm branches containing 6-8 leaves when each branch is mature, and promoting a batch of new branches to germinate so as to form secondary, tertiary and quaternary main branches; preparing trees which are put into production in the next year, wherein the trees cannot be cut in short after autumn tips are mature; for plants with upright branches, after young shoots are aged or before sprouting, the main branches are pulled to about 50 degrees by thin ropes, the main branches recover to 45 degrees after loose binding, and the thin ropes are untied after 25-30 days, so that crowns are opened;
c. the bud picking and shoot tip placing method comprises the following steps: the basal tips are properly pinched before being sheared every time so as to accelerate the aging of the branch tips; after the branch tips are aged, leaving 20-25 cm branches and leaving 6-8 leaves for short shearing to promote the next batch of new tips to germinate, timely removing excessive weak buds when the new buds grow to 5-6 cm, considering the growing direction of the buds when bud thinning is carried out, and leaving only 2-3 reasonably distributed healthy and strong buds on each base tip; selecting and reserving a new shoot with uniform growth at each site during bud thinning each time; circulating the steps until more than 100 autumn shoots are cultured during production, and entering an initial fruiting period; scheduling of shoot stage: 5 shoots are left every year in the 1 st and 2 nd years after planting, and the shoot-releasing time is as follows: spring tip 2 months, summer tip 5 months before, summer tip 2 months from the end of 5 months to 6 months before, autumn tip 8 months in the middle, 9 months from the end of 10 months before; and (3) retaining the fruit bearing trees of the 3 rd young age for 3 times, wherein the tip releasing time is as follows: spring tip 2 months, summer tip 6 late to 7 early months, autumn tip 8 late to 9 middle months;
(3) the management and management method of flower and fruit control comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting flower and fruit thinning measures for the young trees in the 2 nd spring:
a. spraying plant growth regulator and irrigating: spraying gibberellic acid with the mass fraction of 50ppm and urea with the mass fraction of 250ppm when the last shoot begins to age in winter, and spraying for 1-2 times; if water is added or nitrogen fertilizer is applied to winter and drought, the vigorous tree vigor is kept, the blooming in the next spring can be effectively controlled, and a large number of spring shoot vegetative shoots are promoted;
b. applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and thinning buds and fruits: applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 9-12 days before spring tip extraction in spring, if the measures are not taken in place and flower is formed, removing buds and young fruits manually in time to promote quick tip extraction;
(4) the soil management method comprises the following steps: the method for combining mulching film and tree disc coverage comprises the following steps:
a. the method for mulching the plastic film comprises the following steps: the mulching film is black film, silver gray film, grass-proof cloth or water-absorbing lint; the plastic film is covered in a whole garden, and only a small part of the periphery of the trunk is exposed and uncovered; the mulching is only suitable for 2-3 years, and the tree crowns are taken out after being enlarged so as to be beneficial to the growth of root systems;
b. the tree disk covering method comprises the following steps: paving grass on the tree disc under the crown, wherein the grass paving thickness is 10-20 cm; newly adding a covering material every year to supplement the decomposed part;
(5) the method for water management comprises the following steps: the principle that the main ditch is deeper than the side ditch and the side ditch is deeper than the van ditch is adopted, namely the main ditch is not lower than 60 multiplied by 60cm, the side ditch is not lower than 40 multiplied by 40cm, and the van ditch is not lower than 20 multiplied by 20 cm; meanwhile, soil is backfilled on the compartment surface of the sloping field to avoid root suspension of the sloping field, and the sloping field is not drought-resistant and ridge-resistant; accumulated water needs to be drained in time in spring and summer rainy seasons; irrigation and covering for moisture preservation are needed in time when the autumn and winter are in drought; after the autumn shoots are mature, water control is paid attention to the trees which need to bear fruits in the next year so as to inhibit the winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the crude fiber organic matter is green manure, branches and leaves, weeds or mountain grass.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the foliar fertilizer is 0.4 to 0.5 percent of zinc sulfate solution.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the covering is ground cloth or rice straw or wheat straw or sugarcane top or mountain grass.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of mushroom residues, 4-6 parts of mint leaves, 4-8 parts of chicken manure and 8-10 parts of corn straws; 0.5-3 parts of natto powder.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and the balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.3% is applied by spraying through a water and fertilizer integrated facility.
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| CN107743810A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-02 | 钟山县龙岛种养专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of navel orange |
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| CN108966990A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of tribute mandarin orange non-polluted planting method |
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| CN105145249A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-16 | 重庆霈泽农业发展有限公司 | Citrus planting method |
| CN107743810A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-02 | 钟山县龙岛种养专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of navel orange |
| CN108966990A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of tribute mandarin orange non-polluted planting method |
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Application publication date: 20190903 Assignee: Yangshuo Qixianfeng Tea Industry Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046031 Denomination of invention: A management method for young citrus trees Granted publication date: 20210702 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190903 Assignee: Yangshuo Yulong River Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046028 Denomination of invention: A management method for young citrus trees Granted publication date: 20210702 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190903 Assignee: Guizhu Jinju Professional Cooperative in Baisha Town, Yangshuo County Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046026 Denomination of invention: A management method for young citrus trees Granted publication date: 20210702 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190903 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Yuancheng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046024 Denomination of invention: A management method for young citrus trees Granted publication date: 20210702 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |
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