CN106973684B - method for cultivating broomcorn by intercropping tomatoes in dry farming of hillside fields - Google Patents

method for cultivating broomcorn by intercropping tomatoes in dry farming of hillside fields Download PDF

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CN106973684B
CN106973684B CN201710264292.3A CN201710264292A CN106973684B CN 106973684 B CN106973684 B CN 106973684B CN 201710264292 A CN201710264292 A CN 201710264292A CN 106973684 B CN106973684 B CN 106973684B
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tomatoes
row spacing
hollow cylinder
tomato
broomcorn
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CN106973684A (en
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田如霞
郭伟民
王静
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Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

A method for cultivating broomcorn by intercropping tomatoes in dry farming on a beam slope land belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and comprises dividing plant row spacing, wherein the south and north directions are rows, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are planted at intervals; covering a black mulching film every 60 cm in the south-north direction, covering a flat land with the thickness of 0.05 cm and the width of 800 cm, arranging planting holes at the positions on two sides of the mulching film, wherein the space between the planting holes and the row spacing are both 60 cm, and planting is arranged according to the plant spacing of 35-40 cm; in the middle of each large row spacing, a hole with the depth of 30 cm is dug in the middle of each two plants, a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 25 cm is placed in the hole, the hollow cylinder is located 5 cm below the ground, soil is filled in the hollow cylinder and is connected with the soil at the lower part, and the hollow cylinder is located between the tomatoes and is staggered with the tomatoes. According to the invention, broomcorn is utilized for shading, so that the occurrence of sunburn of tomatoes is reduced, and the commercial fruit rate of the tomatoes is improved.

Description

Method for cultivating broomcorn by intercropping tomatoes in dry farming of hillside fields
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a sorghum planting method for intercropping tomatoes in a dry farming mode in a hillside land.
Background
Tomatoes are one of the important open field vegetable planting types in China. In China, mountainous areas are more, and dry farming of vegetables in beam slope lands is one of the main economic income of farmers. The tomatoes are cultivated in lee and sunny positions in the hillside fields, ventilation and light transmission are achieved, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the quality and the flavor of the produced tomatoes are good, the tomatoes are deeply favored by consumers, the tomatoes are cultivated in rainy seasons, the illumination is strong and the temperature is high in the northern 7-9 months of China, various diseases are often induced, especially in the period of full bearing of the tomatoes, part of fruits are scorched, the commercial fruit rate is seriously influenced, and certain economic loss is brought to vegetable growers.
at present, the dry farming of tomatoes in a beam slope land is mainly single tomato planting, and a black sunshade net is erected on a small land by part of farmers, but the measure can be implemented only in a local small range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current production situation, the invention provides a method for cultivating broomcorn between dry-farming tomatoes in a hillside land, aiming at the microclimate characteristics of the hillside land and the biological and growth characteristics of the tomatoes and the broomcorn, the reasonable cultivation layout is arranged, the occurrence of sunburn of the tomatoes is reduced, the commercial fruit rate of the tomatoes is improved, the income of the broomcorn is increased, and the economic benefit is obvious.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating broomcorn between dry-farming tomatoes in a roof beam slope land comprises the following steps:
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer to turn the soil. Dividing plant row spacing, wherein the north and south directions are rows, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are planted alternately. Covering black mulching films every 60 cm in the north-south direction, wherein the film specification is as follows: covering with flat ground with thickness of 0.05 cm and width of 800 cm, arranging planting holes at two sides of the film, wherein the row spacing is 60 cm, and planting is arranged according to the row spacing of 35-40 cm. In the middle of each large row spacing, a plastic circular hollow cylinder with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 25 cm is dug at the position of the middle of every two plants, the plastic circular hollow cylinder is 5 cm below the ground, soil is filled in the hollow cylinder to be connected with the soil at the lower part, the hollow cylinder is arranged at the position of the large row spacing without plastic film coverage between every 2 rows of tomatoes, every 2 plants of tomatoes are staggered with the tomatoes, namely, the 1 st hollow cylinder is positioned in front of the tomato starting row, the 2 nd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 2 nd plant of tomatoes and the 3 rd plant of tomatoes, the 3 rd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 4 th plant of tomatoes and the 5 th plant of tomatoes, the 4 th hollow cylinder is positioned between the 6 th plant of tomatoes and the 7 th plant of tomatoes, and the like.
(2) Sowing, transplanting and field planting: broomcorn seeding and tomato transplanting are carried out simultaneously. Broom sorghum, selecting a variety with the height of at least 3 m, the total ear length of more than 40 cm, 6-8 branches and ears, the growth period of about 115 days and lodging resistance. The conventional method is directly sowing the seeds in the plastic hollow cylinder. Selecting good tomato varieties with drought resistance, crack resistance and high yield, and transplanting the good tomato varieties into planting holes by a conventional method.
(3) Field management: and (4) conventionally erecting and pruning tomatoes. Watering is not carried out after field planting until harvesting, and the pesticide is adopted for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in time when diseases and insect pests are found.
(4) harvesting: the tomatoes are harvested in 7-9 months. Broomcorn was harvested after 9 middle months.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) broomcorn seeding and tomato transplanting are carried out simultaneously, in the middle and later growth periods, in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, the broomcorn field is very strong in illumination, broomcorn are planted through scientific and reasonable layout, the characteristics of high stems (more than 3 meters) and loose flower spikes (the crown diameter is about 50 centimeters) of the broomcorn at the period are fully utilized, the lower tomato leaves and fruits are shaded in a net pulling type scattered manner, diseases caused by high temperature are prevented, and the occurrence of tomato sunscald is reduced.
(2) because broomcorn is planted in the plastic hollow cylinder, the root system of broomcorn extends downwards, and the nutrient growth under soil is fully utilized while the broomcorn does not compete with the tomato root system for absorbing nutrition.
(3) Improves the commercial fruit rate of the tomatoes, increases the income of broomcorn and has obvious economic benefit.
(4) the method has the feasibility of implementation and can be popularized and applied in a large area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the interspecific plan of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, sorghum, 2, tomatoes, 3, mulching films, 4 and frame rods.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
This example is to facilitate understanding of the invention and does not limit the claims and the core content of the invention in any way.
example 1
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer for turning over the soil in 2016, 4 months and 10 days. Applying base fertilizer per mu: 2 parts of chicken manure, 5 bags of organic fertilizer, 1 bag of compound fertilizer and 2 bags of potassium sulfate. After the rain is caught, the plant row spacing is divided, the south and north directions are rows, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are planted alternately. Covering black mulching films every 60 cm in the north-south direction, wherein the film specification is as follows: covering with flat ground with thickness of 0.05 cm and width of 800 cm, arranging planting holes at two sides of the film, wherein the row spacing is 60 cm, and planting is arranged according to the row spacing of 35-40 cm. In the middle of each large row spacing, a plastic circular hollow cylinder (reusable) with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 25 cm is dug in the middle of every two plants and placed 5 cm below the ground, soil is filled in the hollow cylinder to be connected with the soil at the lower part, the hollow cylinder is placed at the position of the large row spacing without plastic film coverage between every 2 rows of tomatoes, every 2 plants are staggered with the tomatoes, namely, the 1 st hollow cylinder is positioned before the row of the tomatoes, the 2 nd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 2 nd tomato and the 3 rd tomato, the 3 rd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 4 th tomato and the 5 th tomato, the 4 th hollow cylinder is positioned between the 6 th tomato and the 7 th tomato, and the like.
(2) Sowing, transplanting and field planting: the broom sorghum is broom No. 1 sorghum, and is directly sown in a plastic hollow cylinder by a daily method of 5 months and 20 months. The tomato variety is east sage No. 2, open-air cold-bed seedling culture is adopted in 15 days 4 months, beds are dug firstly, then water is poured thoroughly, and leveling is carried out after 2-3 days. Soaking seeds in warm water for 6-8 hr, air drying, mixing the treated seeds with coal ash, spreading, and covering with fine soil. After 1 week of emergence, the mulching film is taken off, and when the soil is too dry, water is sprayed. After 10 days, continuously squatting for 3 days; the bactericide and the insecticide are applied for 2 times in the period, and the concentration is low so as to prevent seedlings from being burnt. 1 hour before planting, watering the seedbed thoroughly, and pulling out seedlings with soil; 4-5 true leaves with the seedling age of about 30 days. After 5 months and 20 days, planting in the east-west direction, wherein the small row spacing is 60 cm, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the plant spacing is 35 cm, planting holes are dug, watering is carried out for the second time, seedlings are placed after infiltration, watering is carried out again, and 2 pits of water are used, wherein each pit is about 200 ml; burying the root system with a small amount of covering soil, standing the plant in the 3 rd day after survival, and covering with pesticide soil for the second time, wherein the pesticide soil is mainly mixed with pesticide for killing cutworms. If there is not upright plant, the seedling is replanted.
(3) Field management: blooming and fruit setting at the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months; building and pruning the tree with the height of 1 ruler, building a herringbone frame by using bamboo poles with the height of about 2 meters, fixedly binding 4 plants of the adjacent rows of the full mulching films as a bundle at the near top end, remaining 1 trunk for 1-2 times per week of pruning, and topping when 4 spikes are produced. Watering is not carried out after field planting until harvesting, and medicines are adopted for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in time when diseases and insect pests are discovered.
(4) Harvesting: tomatoes are harvested successively in 7-9 months, and broomcorn is harvested after 9 middle-ten months.
and (3) test results:
The common method has the tomato sunscald morbidity of 14 percent, and the tomato sunscald morbidity of the invention is 5 percent;
The economic benefit of the common method is 4530 kg tomato 1.9 yuan =8607 yuan,
The economic benefit of the invention is 4956 kg tomato 1.9 yuan =9416.4+ broomcorn 450 yuan =9866.4 yuan.
The economic benefit is increased: 9866.4 yuan to 8607 yuan = 1259.4 yuan.
Example 2
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer for turning over the soil in 2016, 4 months and 15 days. Applying base fertilizer per mu: 2 parts of chicken manure, 5 bags of organic fertilizer, 1 bag of compound fertilizer and 2 bags of potassium sulfate. After the rain is caught, the plant row spacing is divided, the south and north directions are rows, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are planted alternately. Covering black mulching films every 60 cm in the north-south direction, wherein the film specification is as follows: covering with flat ground with thickness of 0.05 cm and width of 800 cm, arranging planting holes at two sides of the film, wherein the row spacing is 60 cm, and planting is arranged according to the row spacing of 35-40 cm. In the middle of each large row spacing, a plastic circular hollow cylinder (reusable) with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 25 cm is dug in the middle of every two plants and placed 5 cm below the ground, soil is filled in the hollow cylinder to be connected with the soil at the lower part, the hollow cylinder is placed at the position of the large row spacing without plastic film coverage between every 2 rows of tomatoes, every 2 plants are staggered with the tomatoes, namely, the 1 st hollow cylinder is positioned before the row of the tomatoes, the 2 nd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 2 nd tomato and the 3 rd tomato, the 3 rd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 4 th tomato and the 5 th tomato, the 4 th hollow cylinder is positioned between the 6 th tomato and the 7 th tomato, and the like.
(2) Sowing, transplanting and field planting: the broom sorghum is broom No. 1 sorghum, and is directly sown in a plastic hollow cylinder by a 5-month 25 daily method. The tomato variety is jin tomato No. 4, open-field cold-bed seedling is adopted in 15 days after 4 months, beds are dug firstly, then water is poured, and leveling is carried out after 2-3 days. Soaking seeds in warm water for 6-8 hr, air drying, mixing the treated seeds with coal ash, spreading, and covering with fine soil. After 1 week of emergence, the mulching film is taken off, and when the soil is too dry, water is sprayed. After 10 days, continuously squatting for 3 days; the bactericide and the insecticide are applied for 2 times in the period, and the concentration is low so as to prevent seedlings from being burnt. 1 hour before planting, watering the seedbed thoroughly, and pulling out seedlings with soil; 4-5 true leaves with the seedling age of about 30 days. After 5 months and 25 days, planting in the east-west direction, wherein the small row spacing is 60 cm, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the plant spacing is 35 cm, planting holes are dug, watering is carried out for the second infiltration, seedlings are placed, watering is carried out again, and 2 pits of water are formed, wherein each pit is about 200 ml; burying the root system with a small amount of covering soil, standing the plant in the 3 rd day after survival, and covering with pesticide soil for the second time, wherein the pesticide soil is mainly mixed with pesticide for killing cutworms. If there is not upright plant, the seedling is replanted.
(3) field management: blooming and fruit setting at the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months; building frames and pruning at the left and right sides of the plant height of 1 ruler, building a herringbone frame by using bamboo poles with the height of about 2 meters, fixedly binding 4 plants of adjacent rows of full mulching films at the near top end, remaining 1 trunk for 1-2 times per week of pruning, and topping when 4 fruit clusters are produced. Watering is not carried out after field planting until harvesting, and medicines are adopted for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in time when diseases and insect pests are discovered.
(4) Harvesting: tomatoes are harvested successively in 7-9 months, and broomcorn is harvested after 9 middle-ten months.
and (3) test results:
The common method has the tomato sunscald morbidity of 16 percent, and the tomato sunscald morbidity of the invention is 6 percent;
The general process economic benefit is tomato 4912 kg 1.9 yuan =9332.8 yuan;
The economic benefit of the invention is that the tomato is 5176 kg, 1.9 yuan =9834.4+ broomcorn 510 yuan =10344.4 yuan;
The economic benefit is increased: 10344.4-9332.8-membered = 1011.6-membered.
example 3
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: applying base fertilizer for turning over the soil in 2016, 4 months and 23 days. Applying base fertilizer per mu: 2 parts of chicken manure, 5 bags of organic fertilizer, 1 bag of compound fertilizer and 2 bags of potassium sulfate. After the rain is caught, the plant row spacing is divided, the south and north directions are rows, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are planted alternately. Covering black mulching films every 60 cm in the north-south direction, wherein the film specification is as follows: covering with flat ground with thickness of 0.05 cm and width of 800 cm, arranging planting holes at two sides of the film, wherein the row spacing is 60 cm, and planting is arranged according to the row spacing of 35-40 cm. In the middle of each large row spacing, a plastic circular hollow cylinder (reusable) with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 25 cm is dug in the middle of every two plants and placed 5 cm below the ground, soil is filled in the hollow cylinder to be connected with the soil at the lower part, the hollow cylinder is placed at the position of the large row spacing without plastic film coverage between every 2 rows of tomatoes, every 2 plants are staggered with the tomatoes, namely, the 1 st hollow cylinder is positioned before the row of the tomatoes, the 2 nd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 2 nd tomato and the 3 rd tomato, the 3 rd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 4 th tomato and the 5 th tomato, the 4 th hollow cylinder is positioned between the 6 th tomato and the 7 th tomato, and the like.
(2) Sowing, transplanting and field planting: the broom sorghum is broom No. 1 sorghum, and is directly sown in a plastic hollow cylinder by a daily method of 5 months and 20 months. The tomato variety is bull No. 3, commercial seedlings are directly purchased and transplanted in 20 days after 5 months, the seedlings are planted in the east-west direction, the small row spacing is 60 cm, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the plant spacing is 35 cm, planting holes are dug, watering is carried out for the second time, seedlings are put after infiltration, watering is carried out again, 2 pits of water are formed, and each pit is about 200 ml; burying the root system with a small amount of covering soil, standing the plant in the 3 rd day after survival, and covering with pesticide soil for the second time, wherein the pesticide soil is mainly mixed with pesticide for killing cutworms. If there is not upright plant, the seedling is replanted.
(3) field management: blooming and fruit setting at the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months; building frames and pruning at the left and right sides of the plant height of 1 ruler, building a herringbone frame by using bamboo poles with the height of about 2 meters, fixedly binding 4 plants of adjacent rows of full mulching films at the near top end, remaining 1 trunk for 1-2 times per week of pruning, and topping when 4 fruit clusters are produced. Watering is not carried out after field planting until harvesting, and medicines are adopted for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in time when diseases and insect pests are discovered.
(4) Harvesting: tomatoes are harvested successively in 7-9 months, and broomcorn is harvested after 9 middle-ten months.
And (3) test results:
The common method has the tomato sunscald morbidity of 16 percent, and the tomato sunscald morbidity of the invention is 7 percent;
The economic benefit of the common method is 4601 kg of tomatoes with 1.9 yuan =8741.9 yuan;
The economic benefit of the invention is 5028 kg of tomatoes with 1.9 yuan =9553.2+ broomcorn 445 yuan =9998.2 yuan;
the economic benefit is increased: 9998.2-8741.9-membered = 1256.3-membered.

Claims (1)

1. A method for cultivating broomcorn between dry-farming tomatoes in a beam slope land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dividing plant row spacing, wherein the north and south directions are rows, the large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, and the large row spacing and the small row spacing are planted alternately; covering a black mulching film every 60 cm in the south-north direction, covering a flat land with the thickness of 0.05 cm and the width of 800 cm, arranging planting holes at the positions on two sides of the mulching film, wherein the space between the planting holes and the row spacing are both 60 cm, and planting is arranged according to the plant spacing of 35-40 cm; digging a hole with the depth of 30 cm at the position between every two large row spacing, placing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 25 cm in the hole, wherein the upper edge of the hollow cylinder is positioned at the position 5 cm below the ground, the hollow cylinder is filled with soil and is connected with the soil at the lower part, the placement position of the hollow cylinder is positioned at the position without covering the large row spacing with a mulching film between every 2 rows of tomatoes, and every 2 tomatoes are staggered with the tomatoes, namely, the 1 st hollow cylinder is positioned before the initial row of the tomatoes, the 2 nd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 2 nd tomato and the 3 rd tomato, the 3 rd hollow cylinder is positioned between the 4 th tomato and the 5 th tomato, the 4 th hollow cylinder is positioned between the 6 th tomato and the 7 th tomato, and so on;
(2) Broomcorn seeding and tomato transplanting are carried out simultaneously; broomcorn is sowed in the hollow cylinder; transplanting the tomatoes into the planting holes; broom sorghum, selecting a variety with the height of at least 3 m, the total ear length of more than 40 cm, 6-8 branches and ears, the growth period of 115 days and lodging resistance.
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CN110169316A (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-08-27 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 A kind of method of tomato interplanting dandelion

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1939119A (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 三菱重工业株式会社 Tool, system, method, and plant for promoting growth of seedling, seedling set for planting, and planting method
CN102172159A (en) * 2011-03-10 2011-09-07 四川农业大学 Three-dimensional cultivation method of interplanting soybeans and sorghums
CN104705049A (en) * 2015-01-16 2015-06-17 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 High yield planting method for intercropping tomatoes in spring sorghum
CN205213629U (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-05-11 厦门大学 Improve and plant elevation and seed rudiment protection device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1939119A (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 三菱重工业株式会社 Tool, system, method, and plant for promoting growth of seedling, seedling set for planting, and planting method
CN102172159A (en) * 2011-03-10 2011-09-07 四川农业大学 Three-dimensional cultivation method of interplanting soybeans and sorghums
CN104705049A (en) * 2015-01-16 2015-06-17 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 High yield planting method for intercropping tomatoes in spring sorghum
CN205213629U (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-05-11 厦门大学 Improve and plant elevation and seed rudiment protection device

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