CN114503841A

CN114503841A - Orange balanced fruiting shaping and trimming method

Info

Publication number: CN114503841A
Application number: CN202210176546.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周应彪; 胡德波; 朱世银; 夏彬; 李翔; 张薇; 阮俊光; 蔡荣靖; 杨德祥; 白兴萍; 涂国静; 文波; 倪晓雪; 陈国庆; 王荣
Original assignee: Zhaotong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Zhaotong Agricultural Science And Technology Extension Center
Current assignee: Zhaotong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Zhaotong Agricultural Science And Technology Extension Center
Priority date: 2022-02-25
Filing date: 2022-02-25
Publication date: 2022-05-17

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree pruning, in particular to a citrus balanced fruit pruning method, which aims at solving the problems that the existing fruit tree pruning technology has the defects of slow fruit tree shape forming, outward movement of fruiting parts and baldness and no fruit in an inner hall due to less times of promoting tips in one year, and the following scheme is proposed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: selecting and processing, S2, first-year shaping and trimming, S3: second year plastic pruning, S4: third year and later, plastic pruning, S5: the invention aims to promote tip growth, germinate branches, increase branch and leaf quantity, disperse apical dominance, inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth of fruit trees by adopting the method of promoting tip growth, sprouting and branching for a plurality of times a year, solve the problems of slow tree formation of citrus trees, outward shift of fruiting parts and baldness and no fruit in the inner hall, and simultaneously, by establishing a simple and easy fruit tree shaping and trimming method, the tree body is expanded, the tree vigor is stable and fast, the crown is fast to form, the production time of the fruit trees is shortened, and the produced fruits are high in yield and good in quality.

Description

Orange balanced fruiting shaping and trimming method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree pruning, in particular to a method for pruning citrus fruits by balanced fruit pruning.

Background

The functions of the shaping and pruning on the growth, development, flowering and fruiting of fruit trees are firstly control, secondly regulation and thirdly transformation. The essence of control is to maintain various balances, the essence of regulation is to improve various relationships, and the essence of remodeling is to rejuvenate various aging-debilitated branches and groups. The normal growth and fruit bearing of the fruit tree are maintained and balanced on the basis of certain dynamic balance, and the fruit tree is trimmed to a great extent to maintain the dynamic balance which is often disturbed by the interference of an unexpected factor. The fruit trees have good quality, high yield and good health and longevity by maintaining the balance.

However, the existing fruit tree shaping and trimming technology still has the problems that the fruit tree shape is slow to form, the fruit bearing part moves outwards, and no fruit is exposed in the inner hall due to few times of tip promotion in one year, so that a citrus balanced fruit shaping and trimming method is provided for solving the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing fruit tree shaping and trimming technology has a few times of promoting growth in one year, so that the fruit tree shape is slow to form, fruiting parts move outwards, baldness exists in the inner part, and no fruit exists, and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a citrus fruit-balancing pruning method comprises the following steps:

s1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties by professionals, cultivating the citrus stocks and the citrus varieties into strong seedlings by using nutrient bags, and carrying out standardized field planting;

s2: trimming in the first year: trimming the citrus saplings subjected to standardized field planting in the first year;

s3: and (3) trimming in the second year: carrying out second-year shaping and pruning on the citrus saplings subjected to the first-year shaping and pruning;

s4: and (3) trimming in the third year and later: trimming the citrus saplings after trimming in the second year for the third year and later;

s5: regularly measuring the tip length manually in the shaping and trimming process of the citrus balance result, and processing the tip length through measurement data;

s6: subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil and fertilizer water management and pest control according to standardized requirements;

preferably, in S1, the professional selects a suitable citrus stock and a suitable citrus variety, and cultivates the citrus stock and the citrus variety into a strong seedling with a plant height of more than 80cm by using a nutrition bag, and performs standardized field planting on the selected citrus seedling, wherein the standardized field planting is to perform standardized field planting on the citrus seedling according to a plant-to-row spacing of 2.5m × 3m and every 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

Preferably, in S2, performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk stem selection and main branch selection on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk stem selection and main branch selection are performed manually, and selecting the citrus seedlings after planting to perform trunk stem selection at a position 55-65cm away from the ground, the main branch selection and main branch selection are performed by manually selecting and reserving 3-4 robust spring twigs growing in directions through spring tip promotion to be used as main branches to perform cultivation, wherein the main branch selection and main branch selection are performed by requiring that the main branches are 25-30cm high and 10-15cm apart from each other, are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 45-50 degrees with the main branches, and the selected main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, performing spring tip cultivation on the main branch selection and then performing spring tip cultivation on the first main branch, wherein the spring tip cultivation is performed after spring tip cultivation and the spring tip cultivation is stopped growing mature, reserving 35cm short main branches to promote the main branches to grow coarsely, promoting summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one of the reserved summer tips is used as an extension head of the main branches to grow outwards, one of the reserved summer tips is used as a first auxiliary branch to be cultured and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branches, one of the summer tips is used as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch culture, the selection direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary branch, pinching off the reserved summer tips when the summer tips of the extension heads of the main branches grow to 50cm, promoting the summer tips to be coarsely aged, performing short-cut summer tip culture on a second auxiliary main branch and the side branches of the first auxiliary main branch after the first auxiliary branch is cultured in a spring short period, selecting to reserve a summer tip which is used as an extension head of the main branch after the second auxiliary branch and the side branches of the first auxiliary main branch are aged in the summer, promoting the autumn tips to grow coarsely, and reserving 3 germinated autumn tips, one is used as a second auxiliary main branch for cultivation, and is staggered with the first auxiliary main branch, one is used as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch for cultivation, a 20cm short section is reserved for the tip of the summer reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and 2-3 autumn tips sprouting under the cut are simultaneously selected and reserved, wherein one autumn tip sprouting under the cut is selected and reserved as the first auxiliary main branch to grow outside the extension head, the rest is used as a side branch for cultivation, a 10-15cm short section is reserved for the summer tip reserved as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch for cultivation, 2-3 autumn tips sprouting under the cut are selected and reserved as a cultivation result branch group or temporary result branch group, and top pruning and pinching are not carried out on the autumn tips when the second auxiliary main branch and the first auxiliary main branch are cultivated by cutting the summer tip;

preferably, in S3, the citrus sapling tree after the first-year pruning is subjected to second-year pruning, wherein the second-year pruning is to cut short the first-year autumn branch to cultivate a third auxiliary main branch and the side branches of the first and auxiliary main branches, and the first-year autumn branch reserved as the main branch extension head is cut short by 25cm, a spring tip is promoted, and 3 spring tips are selected for germination, wherein one spring tip selected is used as the main branch extension head branch to grow outwards, the other spring tip selected is used as the third auxiliary main branch and is staggered with the second auxiliary main branch, one spring tip selected is used as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, and a 20cm short autumn tip reserved as the second auxiliary main branch is reserved, and 3 spring tips sprouting under the cut are simultaneously selected, wherein the outward one spring tip is used as the second auxiliary main branch extension head to grow outwards, the rest spring tips are all cultured as the side branches, and a side branch or temporary auxiliary branch short autumn tip reserved on the main branch is 10-15cm, selecting spring tips which germinate under the cut of 2-3 branches after the spring tips germinate as cultured side branches or temporary bearing branch groups, basically forming main branches, auxiliary main branches and partial side branches which are necessary for the high-yield tree form of the citrus after the spring tips grow, thinning all flowers and fruits of peripheral extension branches of the formed citrus saplings, and carrying out the cultivation of a third auxiliary main branch and the side branches of the first and the auxiliary main branches in the autumn tips of the first year, in the process of cultivating the lateral branches and the branch groups in the spring stump, the aged spring tips with space around need to be manually cut to promote summer shoots, the lateral branches and the branch groups are cultivated, and the summer shoots without space around are all erased, meanwhile, spring tips or summer tips are cut short, the germinating spring tips and the mature summer tips in the second year are manually cut short before and after mid-autumn in the process of cultivating fruiting mother branches, the autumn tips are promoted, and fruiting mother branches are cultivated to prepare for high yield of early fruits in the third year;

preferably, in S4, the citrus saplings are trimmed for the third year and later after trimming for the second year, and the trimming for the third year and later is divided into first trimming and full cropping, wherein the first trimming is to slightly enlarge the tree top of the saplings with space around the saplings in spring, summer and autumn, to shorten the spring top in winter, to erase the summer top in summer and to shorten the cut in autumn of the saplings without space around the saplings, to cultivate the branch groups of the inner and outer fruit of the tree crown, to open the tip by pressing the outer fruit, to change the branch groups, the mother branch, the cut 1/3-2/3, to update the branch groups and to change the fruit, and the full cropping is to control the height of the tree crown and the distance between the peripheral tree crowns during trimming, wherein the height of the tree crown does not exceed 2.5m and the distance between the peripheral tree crowns is 0.5m, meanwhile, dense branches, crossed branches, overlapped branches and branches with diseases and pests are thinned, and the branches with the plants in the inner chamber except dense branches without leaves and branches with diseases and pests need to be reserved;

preferably, in S5, in the citrus balanced result pruning process, tip lengths are periodically measured manually, and are processed accordingly through measurement data, and in winter after the first year of pruning, the pruned citrus seedlings are periodically observed manually, and are processed through observation results, where the observation results show that the citrus seedlings do not shoot a winter season, and are pruned, and a waist angle is opened, where the waist angle is opened to ensure that the main branches and the main trunk extend outward at 50-55 °, and simultaneously the top end advantage is weakened. Promoting the balanced growth of the inner branch and the outer branch;

preferably, in S6, orchard soil, fertilizer, water and fertilizer management and pest control are performed according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted at the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time fertilization is performed, and the fertilizer used in fertilization is a fertilizer prepared from urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.5-1%, selectively spraying for fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval is once a month, meanwhile, manually collecting weather forecast information, and selecting a pretreatment scheme according to a collection result, wherein the collection result shows that a scheme for preparing the citrus saplings without water spraying treatment is selected if rain exists, and the collection result shows that a scheme for preparing the citrus saplings with water spraying treatment is selected if no rain exists.

Preferably, when the weather forecast information shows that rain exists, the weather condition needs to be observed manually at fixed points, wherein the fixed point observation is to observe the rainfall condition through the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information manually and process the rainfall condition through the observation result, the pretreatment scheme is adopted when the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is accurate in prediction, the rainfall time point is to be observed in a delayed manner manually when the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is inaccurate in prediction, the delayed observation is to delay the rainfall point by 2d and process the result after the delayed observation, the water spraying treatment is carried out manually when the result after the delayed observation shows that no rainfall occurs, and the pretreatment scheme is adopted when the result after the delayed observation shows that rainfall occurs.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. by promoting tips, sprouting and branching for many times a year, increasing the quantity of branches and leaves, dispersing apical dominance, inhibiting vegetative growth, promoting reproductive growth of fruit trees and solving the problems of slow tree formation of citrus, outward shift of fruiting parts, baldness and no fruit in the interior.

2. By establishing the simple and feasible fruit tree shaping and trimming method, the tree body expansion and tree vigor stabilization are fast, the tree crown forming is fast, the fruit tree production time is shortened, and the produced fruits are high in yield and good in quality.

The invention aims to promote tip growth, germinate branches, increase the quantity of branches and leaves, disperse the top advantages, inhibit the vegetative growth and promote the reproductive growth of fruit trees by adopting the method of promoting tip growth and branch growth for a plurality of times a year, solve the problems of slow forming of citrus trees, outward shifting of fruiting parts and baldness and no fruit in the inner hall, and simultaneously lead the tree body to expand and tree vigor to be stable and fast and the tree crown to be formed fast by establishing a simple and easy fruit tree shaping and trimming method, thereby shortening the production time of the fruit trees and leading the produced fruits to have high yield and good quality.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a citrus fruit-balancing pruning method according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1, a citrus fruit-balancing pruning method comprises the following steps:

11. s1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties by professionals, cultivating the citrus stocks and the citrus varieties into strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 80cm by using nutrient bags, and meanwhile, carrying out standardized field planting on the selected citrus seedlings, wherein the standardized field planting is to carry out the standardized field planting on the citrus seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m and every 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

S2: trimming in the first year: performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk setting and selection main branch treatment on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk setting treatment is performed manually, trunk setting is performed at a position 60cm away from the ground of the citrus seedlings after planting, the main branch selection treatment is performed by manually selecting and reserving 4 strongly-growing spring twigs as main branches through spring-promoting twigs for cultivation, the main branches are required to be 28cm high during the main branch selection treatment, the main branches are 13cm apart from each other and are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 48 degrees with the main branches, the selected main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode after the main branch selection treatment is completed, and when the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode, the 35cm main branch is reserved to promote the main branch to grow roughly, promoting the growth of summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one selected summer tip grows outwards as a main branch extension head, one selected summer tip is cultured as a first auxiliary main branch and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch, one selected summer tip is cultured as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, the selected and reserved direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary main branch, the reserved summer tips are subjected to pinching when the summer tips of the main branch extension heads grow to 50cm, the summer tips are promoted to be thickened and aged, after the first auxiliary main branch is cultured for a short spring, the summer tips of the first auxiliary main branch are cut and cultured for a second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch, when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured for a short summer, a 30cm short tip is reserved for the summer tip of the main branch extension head after the summer tips are aged, the autumn tips are promoted to be cut, the 3 germinated autumn tips are selected, wherein one selected and reserved for the main branch extension heads grow outwards and the second auxiliary branch is cultured, and stagger with the first auxiliary main branch, one is used as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, and leaves 20cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously selects and leaves 3 cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips, wherein one of the selected cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips grows as the extension head of the first auxiliary main branch, the rest is used as the side branch cultivation, and leaves 13cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, after the selection of the autumn tips is completed, the 3 cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips are selected as the cultivation result branch group or temporary result branch group, and the topping and pinching of the autumn tips are not carried out when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultivated by cutting off the summer tips;

s3: and (3) trimming in the second year: pruning the young orange trees after the pruning in the first year is carried out in the second year, wherein the pruning in the second year is to cultivate a third auxiliary main branch and side branches of the first and the second main branches by cutting off the autumn tips in the first year, promote spring shoots by leaving a 25cm short cut for the autumn tips in the first year reserved as the extension heads of the main branches, select spring shoots with 3 branches for germination, wherein one selected spring shoot is used as the extension head branch of the main branch to grow outwards, one selected spring shoot is used as the third auxiliary main branch to be cultured and staggered with the second auxiliary main branch, one selected as the main branch side branch or the temporary auxiliary branch, leave a 20cm short cut for the autumn tips reserved as the second auxiliary main branch, simultaneously select 3 autumn tips sprouting under the cut, one selected outwards as the extension head of the second auxiliary branch, the rest are used as the side branches to be cultured, and leave a 13cm short cut for the autumn branches or the temporary auxiliary branch on the main branch or the temporary auxiliary branch after the autumn tips are cut, and then select 3 branches to be used as the temporary branch group of the spring shoots or temporary branch, and after the spring is cut off for a while, the germination spring tips and the aging summer tips of the second year need to be manually cut off before and after the mid-autumn, the growth autumn is promoted, and the fruiting mother branches are cultured to prepare for the early fruit yield of the third year;

s4: and (3) trimming in the third year and later: after the trimming in the second year is finished, performing third-year and later trimming on young citrus trees, and dividing the third-year and later trimming into first-fruit period trimming and full-fruit period trimming, wherein the first-fruit period trimming is to slightly enlarge the tree top of the saplings with spaces around the saplings by spring, summer and autumn, to slightly shorten and promote spring shoots in winter, erase summer shoots in summer and to slightly shorten and promote autumn shoots in autumn, and to culture branch groups with internal and external fruit of the tree crowns, and to promote sunlight to enter an inner chamber by pressing the trees with the fruits on the outer edges to open a slight angle, so that the branch groups, mother branches and short branches 1/3 are obtained after the fruit is cut, the spring shoots are promoted, the branch groups are updated, and the fruit is rotated, the full-fruit period trimming is to control the height of the tree crowns and the distance between trees by trimming, wherein the height of the tree crowns does not exceed 2.5m when the trimming is performed, and the distance between the trees is 0.5m, meanwhile, dense, crossed, overlapped and pest-infected branches are thinned, the aged backbone branches and branch groups are planned to retract and update, the upper and lower parts of the branches are kept not to be overlapped, the left and right parts are not crowded, the outer parts are sparse and the inner parts are dense, the structure is compact, ventilation and light transmission are realized, and the branches grown in the inner chamber except for the dense branches, the leaves-free branches and the pest-infected branches need to be reserved;

s5: regularly measuring the tip length by manpower in the shaping and trimming process of the citrus balanced result, carrying out corresponding processing through measured data, carrying out regular observation on the trimmed citrus saplings by manpower in winter after the shaping and trimming in the first year, and processing through an observation result, wherein the observation result shows that the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning if the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning, and opening a waist corner, wherein when the waist corner is opened, the main branches and the main trunk are required to extend outwards at 50-55 degrees, and the top end advantage is weakened at the same time, so that the inner and outer branches are promoted to grow uniformly;

s6: and (3) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted in the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time of fertilization, and the fertilizer used in the fertilization is prepared by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.8%, selectively spraying for fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval of manual operation is once a month, meanwhile, manually collecting weather forecast information, and selecting a pretreatment scheme according to a collection result, wherein a scheme for preparing for not carrying out water spraying treatment on the citrus saplings is selected if the collection result shows that rain exists, a scheme for preparing for carrying out water spraying treatment on the citrus saplings is selected if the collection result shows that no rain exists, the weather forecast information shows that the weather condition needs to be manually observed at fixed points when rain exists, wherein the fixed-point observation is carried out by manually observing the rainfall condition through the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information, and the rainfall condition is processed through an observation result, wherein the pretreatment scheme is adopted if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is accurate, and (3) if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is inaccurate in prediction, delaying the rainfall time point by 2d by manual work, processing the result after delaying observation, performing water spraying treatment by manual work if no rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation, and adopting a pretreatment scheme if rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation.

Example two

12. S1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties by professionals, cultivating the citrus stocks and the citrus varieties into strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 80cm by using nutrient bags, and meanwhile, carrying out standardized field planting on the selected citrus seedlings, wherein the standardized field planting is to carry out the standardized field planting on the citrus seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m and every 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

S2: trimming in the first year: performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk setting and selection main branch treatment on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk setting treatment is performed manually, and trunk setting is performed at a position 65cm away from the ground of the citrus seedlings after planting, the main branch selection treatment is performed by manually selecting and reserving 4 strongly-growing spring twigs as main branches through spring-promoting twigs for cultivation, wherein the main branches are required to be 30cm high and 15cm apart from each other when the main branch selection treatment is performed, the main branches are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 50 degrees with the main branches, the selected main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode after the main branch selection treatment is completed, and when the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode, the 35cm main branch is reserved to promote the main branch to grow roughly, promoting the growth of summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one selected summer tip grows outwards as a main branch extension head, one selected summer tip is cultured as a first auxiliary main branch and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch, one selected summer tip is cultured as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, the selected and reserved direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary main branch, the reserved summer tips are subjected to pinching when the summer tips of the main branch extension heads grow to 50cm, the summer tips are promoted to be thickened and aged, after the first auxiliary main branch is cultured for a short spring, the summer tips of the first auxiliary main branch are cut and cultured for a second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch, when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured for a short summer, a 30cm short tip is reserved for the summer tip of the main branch extension head after the summer tips are aged, the autumn tips are promoted to be cut, the 3 germinated autumn tips are selected, wherein one selected and reserved for the main branch extension heads grow outwards and the second auxiliary branch is cultured, and stagger with the first auxiliary main branch, one is used as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, and leaves 20cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously selects and leaves 3 cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips, wherein one selected cut-off lower sprouted autumn tip is used as the first auxiliary main branch extension head for outgrowth, the rest is used as the side branch cultivation, and leaves 15cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, then selects and leaves 3 cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips as the cultivation result branch group or temporary result branch group, and the top pinching of the autumn tip is not carried out when the cut-off summer tip cultivation of the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch is carried out;

s3: and (3) trimming in the second year: performing second-year pruning on the citrus saplings after the first-year pruning, wherein the second-year pruning is to cut off the autumn tips of the first year to cultivate a third auxiliary main branch and side branches of the first and the auxiliary main branches, promote spring shoots by keeping a 25cm short cut for the autumn tips of the first year reserved as the extension heads of the main branches, select spring shoots with 3 branches sprouting, wherein one selected spring shoot is used as the extension head branch of the main branch to grow outwards, one selected spring shoot is used as the third auxiliary main branch to be cultured and staggered with the second auxiliary main branch, one selected spring shoot is used as the side branch of the main branch or a temporary auxiliary branch, and a 20cm short cut is kept for the autumn tips reserved as the second auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously select spring shoots with 3 cuts, wherein the outward one is used as the extension head of the second auxiliary branch to grow outwards, the rest are used as the side branches to be cultured, and a 15cm short cut left for the side branches or temporary auxiliary branch on the main branch or temporary branch is reserved, and 3 cuts are used as a temporary culture result of spring shoots or temporary branch, and after spring stops growing, basically forming a main trunk, a main branch, an auxiliary main branch and partial side branches and the like which are necessary for the citrus high-yield tree form, thinning all flowers and fruits of peripheral extension branches of the formed young citrus trees, carrying out short-cut first-year autumn branches to cultivate third auxiliary main branches and side branches of the first and auxiliary main branches, carrying out short-cut spring branch cultivation and branch group cultivation on old spring tips with space around by manpower to promote the growth of summer tips, cultivating side branches and branch groups, and completely erasing summer tips without space around, meanwhile, cutting spring tips or summer tips, carrying out short-cut spring tip cultivation and old summer tip cultivation on sprouting spring tips and old summer tips of the second year by manpower before and after mid-autumn in the process of cultivating the fruit mother branches to promote the growth of autumn tips, and cultivating the fruit mother branches to prepare for the third-year early fruit high-yield;

s4: and (3) trimming in the third year and later: pruning the young orange trees for the third year and later after the second year is finished, and the pruning for the third year and later is divided into primary fruit period pruning and full fruit period pruning, wherein the primary fruit period pruning is to slightly enlarge the tree top of the young orange trees by using spring, summer and autumn, to make the short cut and promote the spring top in winter, to erase the summer top in summer and to promote the autumn top in autumn, and to cultivate the internal and external bearing branch groups of the tree crown, and to make the sunshine enter the inner chamber by using the external edge fruit to press the tree top to open a slight angle, the bearing branch group, the mother branch, the short cut 2/3, to promote the spring top, to renew the branch group, and to alternate the bearing, the trimming for the full fruit period is to control the height of the tree crown and the distance between the trees by pruning, wherein the height of the tree crown is not more than 2.5m when the pruning is carried out, and the distance between the peripheral tree crown is 0.5m, meanwhile, dense, crossed, overlapped and pest-infected branches are thinned, the aged backbone branches and branch groups are planned to retract and update, the upper and lower parts of the branches are kept not to be overlapped, the left and right parts are not crowded, the outer parts are sparse and the inner parts are dense, the structure is compact, ventilation and light transmission are realized, and the branches grown in the inner chamber except for the dense branches, the leaves-free branches and the pest-infected branches need to be reserved;

s5: regularly measuring the tips of the branches by manpower in the orange balanced result shaping and trimming process, carrying out corresponding processing through measured data, carrying out regular observation on trimmed orange saplings by the manpower in winter after the orange balanced result shaping and trimming in the first year, and processing through observation results, wherein the observation results show that the orange saplings are not processed when the orange saplings are not taken out in winter, and carrying out pruning processing when the orange saplings are taken out in winter, and opening waist corners, wherein when the waist corners are opened, the main branches and the main trunk are required to extend outwards at 50-55 degrees, and simultaneously the top end advantages are weakened, so that the inner branches and the outer branches are promoted to grow uniformly;

s6: and (3) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted in the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time of fertilization, and the fertilizer used in the fertilization is prepared by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 1%, selectively spraying and fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval of manual operation is once a month, meanwhile, manually collecting weather forecast information, and selecting a pretreatment scheme through a collection result, wherein the collection result shows that a scheme for preparing for water treatment on the citrus saplings is not selected if rain exists, the collection result shows that a scheme for preparing for water treatment on the citrus saplings is selected if no rain exists, the weather forecast information shows that the weather conditions need to be manually observed at fixed points when rain exists, wherein the fixed-point observation is carried out by manually observing the rainfall condition through the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information and processing the rainfall condition through an observation result, and the pretreatment scheme is adopted if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is accurate, and (3) if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is inaccurate in prediction, delaying the rainfall time point by 2d by manual work, processing the result after delaying observation, performing water spraying treatment by manual work if no rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation, and adopting a pretreatment scheme if rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation.

EXAMPLE III

13. S1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties by professionals, cultivating the citrus stocks and the citrus varieties into strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 80cm by using nutrient bags, and meanwhile, carrying out standardized field planting on the selected citrus seedlings, wherein the standardized field planting is to carry out standardized field planting on the citrus seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m and every 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

S2: trimming in the first year: performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk setting and selection main branch treatment on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk setting treatment is performed manually, trunk setting is performed at a position 55cm away from the ground of the citrus seedlings after planting, the main branch selection treatment is performed by manually selecting and reserving 3 spring twigs which grow robustly in directions from spring twigs as main branches for cultivation, the main branches are required to be 25cm high when the main branch selection treatment is performed, the main branches are 10cm apart from each other and are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 45 degrees with the main branches, the selected main branches develop in one direction and do not overlap up and down, the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring twigs after the main branch selection treatment is completed, and when the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring twigs, 35cm short twigs are reserved to promote the main branches to grow roughly, promoting the growth of summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one selected summer tip grows outwards as a main branch extension head, one selected summer tip is cultured as a first auxiliary main branch and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch, one selected summer tip is cultured as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, the selected and reserved direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary main branch, the reserved summer tips are subjected to pinching when the summer tips of the main branch extension heads grow to 50cm, the summer tips are promoted to be thickened and aged, after the first auxiliary main branch is cultured for a short spring, the summer tips of the first auxiliary main branch are cut and cultured for a second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch, when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured for a short summer, a 30cm short tip is reserved for the summer tip of the main branch extension head after the summer tips are aged, the autumn tips are promoted to be cut, the 3 germinated autumn tips are selected, wherein one selected and reserved for the main branch extension heads grow outwards and the second auxiliary branch is cultured, and stagger with the first auxiliary main branch, one is used as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, and leaves 20cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously selects and leaves 2 cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips, wherein one of the selected cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips grows as the extension head of the first auxiliary main branch, the rest is used as the side branch cultivation, and leaves 10cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, and selects and leaves 2 cut-off lower sprouted autumn tips as the cultivation result branch group or temporary result branch group after the autumn tip selection is completed, and the top pinching of the autumn tips is not carried out when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultivated by cutting off the summer tips;

s3: and (3) trimming in the second year: performing second-year pruning on the citrus saplings after the first-year pruning, wherein the second-year pruning is to cultivate a third auxiliary main branch and side branches of the first and the second auxiliary main branches by cutting off the first-year autumn tips, promote spring shoots by leaving a 25cm short cut for the first-year autumn tips left as the main branch extension heads, select 3 spring shoots for germination, wherein one selected spring shoot is used as the main branch extension head branch to grow outwards, one selected spring shoot is used as the third auxiliary main branch to be cultured and staggered with the second auxiliary main branch, one selected main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, and leave a 20cm short cut for the autumn tips left as the second auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously select 3 autumn tips sprouting under the cut, wherein the outward one selected main branch is used as the second auxiliary branch extension head to grow outwards, the rest selected side branches are cultured, and leave a 10cm short cut for the side branches left as the side branches or temporary auxiliary branch on the main branch or temporary auxiliary branch, and select 2 shoots after the temporary branch germination or temporary branch culture is completed as a temporary branch group of spring shoot, basically forming a main trunk, a main branch, an auxiliary main branch and partial side branches and the like which are necessary for the citrus high-yield tree form after spring tip stopping and growing, thinning all flowers and fruits of peripheral extension branches of the formed citrus saplings, carrying out short-cut first-year autumn tip cultivation of a third auxiliary main branch and the side branches of the first and auxiliary main branches, carrying out short-cut spring tip cultivation and branch group cultivation by manpower on old spring tips with space around, promoting growth of summer tips, cultivating side branches and branch groups, and completely erasing summer tips without space around, meanwhile, carrying out short-cut spring tips or summer tips, and carrying out short-cut spring tip cultivation or summer tip cultivation of a fruit mother branch by manpower before and after mid-autumn, carrying out short-cut on germination spring tips and old summer tips of a second year before and after mid-autumn, promoting growth of autumn, and cultivating a fruit mother branch to prepare for high-yield of early fruits of a third year;

s4: and (3) trimming in the third year and later: after the trimming in the second year is finished, performing third-year and later trimming on citrus saplings, and dividing the third-year and later trimming into first-fruit period trimming and full-fruit period trimming, wherein the first-fruit period trimming is to slightly enlarge the tree top of saplings with spaces around the saplings in spring, summer and autumn, to slightly shorten and promote spring shoots in winter, erase summer shoots in summer and to slightly shorten and promote autumn shoots in autumn, and to culture branch groups with internal and external fruit crowns, and to promote sunlight to enter an inner chamber by pressing a nut on the outer edge to open a slight angle, so that the resultant branch groups, mother branches, short shoots 1/3, spring shoots are promoted, the branch groups are updated and the fruit is rotated, the full-fruit period trimming is to control the height of the tree crowns and the distance between the peripheral tree crowns between trees by trimming, wherein the height of the tree crowns is not more than 2.5m and the distance between the peripheral tree crowns is 0.5m, meanwhile, dense, crossed, overlapped and pest-infected branches are thinned, the aged backbone branches and branch groups are planned to retract and update, the upper and lower parts of the branches are kept not to be overlapped, the left and right parts are not crowded, the outer parts are sparse and the inner parts are dense, the structure is compact, ventilation and light transmission are realized, and the branches grown in the inner chamber except for the dense branches, the leaves-free branches and the pest-infected branches need to be reserved;

s5: regularly measuring the tip length by manpower in the shaping and trimming process of the citrus balanced result, carrying out corresponding processing through measured data, carrying out regular observation on the trimmed citrus saplings by manpower in winter after the shaping and trimming in the first year, and processing through an observation result, wherein the observation result shows that the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning if the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning, and opening a waist corner, wherein when the waist corner is opened, the main branches and the trunk are required to extend outwards at 50 degrees, and simultaneously the top end advantage is weakened, so that the inner and outer branches are promoted to grow uniformly;

s6: and (3) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted in the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time of fertilization, and the fertilizer used in the fertilization is prepared by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.5%, selectively spraying and fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval of manual operation is once a month, meanwhile, manually collecting weather forecast information, and selecting a pretreatment scheme according to a collection result, wherein a scheme for preparing for not carrying out water spraying treatment on the citrus saplings is selected if the collection result shows that rain exists, a scheme for preparing for carrying out water spraying treatment on the citrus saplings is selected if the collection result shows that no rain exists, the weather forecast information shows that the weather condition needs to be manually observed at fixed points when rain exists, wherein the fixed-point observation is carried out by manually observing the rainfall condition through the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information and processing is carried out through an observation result, and the pretreatment scheme is adopted if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is accurate, and (3) if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is inaccurate in prediction, delaying the rainfall time point by 2d by manual work, processing the result after delaying observation, performing water spraying treatment by manual work if no rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation, and adopting a pretreatment scheme if rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation.

Example four

14. S1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties by professionals, cultivating strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 80cm by using nutrient bags, and carrying out standardized field planting, wherein the standardized field planting is to plant and row spacing of citrus seedlings of 2.5m multiplied by 3m and each 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

S2: trimming in the first year: performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk setting and selection main branch treatment on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk setting treatment is performed manually, and the citrus seedlings after planting are selected to perform trunk setting at a position 57cm away from the ground, the main branch selection treatment is performed by manually selecting and reserving 4 strongly-growing spring twigs as main branches through spring-promoting twigs for cultivation, wherein the main branches are required to be 29cm high during the main branch selection treatment and 14cm apart from the main branches, the main branches are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 49 degrees with the main branches, the selected main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode after the main branch selection treatment of the trunk setting and selection is performed, and when the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode, the 35cm short main branch is reserved to promote the coarse growth of the main branches, promoting the growth of summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one selected summer tip grows outwards as a main branch extension head, one selected summer tip is cultured as a first auxiliary main branch and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch, one selected summer tip is cultured as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, the selected and reserved direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary main branch, the reserved summer tips are subjected to pinching when the summer tips of the main branch extension heads grow to 50cm, the summer tips are promoted to be thickened and aged, after the first auxiliary main branch is cultured for a short spring, the summer tips of the first auxiliary main branch are cut and cultured for a second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch, when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured for a short summer, a 30cm short tip is reserved for the summer tip of the main branch extension head after the summer tips are aged, the autumn tips are promoted to be cut, the 3 germinated autumn tips are selected, wherein one selected and reserved for the main branch extension heads grow outwards and the second auxiliary branch is cultured, and stagger with the first auxiliary main branch, one is used as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, and leaves 20cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously selects and leaves 2 autumn tips sprouting under the cut, wherein one of the autumn tips sprouting under the cut selected and left is used as the first auxiliary main branch extension head for outgrowth, the rest is used as the side branch cultivation, and leaves 12cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, after the selection of the autumn tips is completed, the autumn tips sprouting under the cut 3 are selected and left as the cultivation result branch group or temporary result branch group, and the topping and pinching of the autumn tips are not carried out when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultivated by cutting the summer tips;

s3: and (3) trimming in the second year: performing second-year pruning on the citrus saplings after the first-year pruning, wherein the second-year pruning is to cut off the autumn tips of the first year to cultivate a third auxiliary main branch and side branches of the first and the second main branches, promote spring tips by keeping a 25cm short cut for the autumn tips of the first year reserved as the extension heads of the main branches, select spring tips with 3 branches sprouting, wherein one selected spring tip is used as the extension head branch of the main branch to grow outwards, one selected spring tip is used as the third auxiliary main branch to cultivate, and is staggered with the second auxiliary main branch, one selected spring tip is used as the main branch side branch or a temporary auxiliary branch, and is kept with a 20cm short cut for the autumn tips reserved as the second auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously select 3 autumn tips sprouting under the pruning mouths, wherein the outward one is used as the extension head of the second auxiliary branch to grow outwards, the rest are used as the side branches to cultivate, and 13cm short tips reserved as the side branches or temporary auxiliary branches on the main branches or temporary auxiliary branch on the main branches are cultured, and 3 pruning mouths are used as a temporary branch group of spring or a spring culture result, basically forming a main trunk, a main branch, an auxiliary main branch and partial side branches and the like which are necessary for the citrus high-yield tree form after spring tip stopping and growing, thinning all flowers and fruits of peripheral extension branches of the formed citrus saplings, carrying out short-cut first-year autumn tips to cultivate third auxiliary main branches and first and auxiliary main branches, carrying out short-cut spring tip cultivation and branch group cultivation, carrying out short-cut summer tip promotion on old spring tips with space around by manpower, cultivating side branches and branch groups, and carrying out erasing on all summer tips without space around, meanwhile, carrying out short-cut spring tips or summer tips, carrying out short-cut spring tip cultivation and old summer tips by manpower before and after mid-autumn in the process of cultivating the fruiting mother branches, carrying out short-cut promotion on autumn tips, and cultivating the fruiting mother branches to prepare for the third-year early fruit high-yield;

s4: and (3) trimming in the third year and later: pruning the citrus saplings for a third year and later after the pruning for the second year is finished, and the pruning for the third year and later is divided into primary pruning and full-bearing pruning, wherein the primary pruning is to slightly enlarge the tree top of the saplings with spaces around the saplings by spring, summer and autumn, to make the saplings without spaces around the saplings in winter short cut to promote spring shoot growth, remove summer shoot in summer and to promote autumn short cut to promote autumn shoot, and to culture branch groups with internal and external fruits of the tree crowns, and to promote sunlight to enter an inner chamber by using the outer-edge fruit to press the trees to open a slight angle, so that the branch groups, mother branches and short cuts 1/2 are formed after fruiting, the spring shoot is promoted, the branch groups are updated, and the fruit is rotated, the pruning for the full-bearing pruning is to control the height of the tree crowns and the distance between the peripheral tree crowns between trees by pruning, wherein the height of the tree crowns is not more than 2.5m when the pruning is carried out, and the distance between the peripheral tree crowns is 0.5m, meanwhile, dense, crossed, overlapped and pest-infected branches are thinned, the aged backbone branches and branch groups are planned to retract and update, the upper and lower parts of the branches are kept not to be overlapped, the left and right parts are not crowded, the outer parts are sparse and the inner parts are dense, the structure is compact, ventilation and light transmission are realized, and the branches grown in the inner chamber except for the dense branches, the leaves-free branches and the pest-infected branches need to be reserved;

s5: regularly measuring the tip length by manpower in the shaping and trimming process of the citrus balanced result, carrying out corresponding processing through measured data, carrying out regular observation on the trimmed citrus saplings by manpower in winter after the shaping and trimming in the first year, and processing through an observation result, wherein the observation result shows that the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning if the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning, and opening a waist corner, wherein when the waist corner is opened, the main branches and the trunk are required to be ensured to extend outwards at an angle of 51 degrees, and simultaneously the top end advantage is weakened, so that the inner branches and the outer branches are promoted to grow uniformly;

s6: and (3) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted in the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time of fertilization, and the fertilizer used in the fertilization is prepared by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1 mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.6%, selecting spraying for fertilization, and carrying out fixed-time intertillage and soil loosening by manpower, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval of the manpower is once a month, meanwhile, collecting weather forecast information by the manpower, and selecting a pretreatment scheme according to the collection result, wherein the collection result shows that the scheme for preparing the citrus saplings by water spraying treatment is not selected if rain exists, the scheme for preparing the citrus saplings by water spraying treatment is selected if no rain exists, the weather forecast information shows that the weather conditions need to be observed at fixed points manually when rain exists, wherein the fixed-point observation is that the rainfall condition is observed by the manpower according to the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information, and the treatment is carried out according to the observation result, wherein the pretreatment scheme is adopted if the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information shown by the observation result shows that the rainfall time point is accurate, and (3) if the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is inaccurate in prediction, delaying the rainfall time point by 2d by manual work, processing the result after delaying observation, performing water spraying treatment by manual work if no rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation, and adopting a pretreatment scheme if rainfall appears in the result after delaying observation.

EXAMPLE five

S1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties by professionals, cultivating the citrus stocks and the citrus varieties into strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 80cm by using nutrient bags, and meanwhile, carrying out standardized field planting on the selected citrus seedlings, wherein the standardized field planting is to carry out the standardized field planting on the citrus seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m and every 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

S2: trimming in the first year: performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk setting and selection main branch treatment on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk setting treatment is performed manually, and trunk setting is performed at a position 62cm away from the ground of the citrus seedlings after planting, the main branch selection treatment is performed by manually selecting and reserving 4 strongly-growing spring twigs as main branches through spring-promoting twigs for cultivation, wherein the main branches are required to be 26cm high and 11cm apart from each other when performing the main branch selection treatment, the main branches are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 46 degrees with the main branches, the selected main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting mode after completing the main branch selection treatment, and when performing the spring-cutting and shoot-cutting operation, the main branch is selected to be stopped growing and aged in the spring, the main branch is reserved 35cm to promote the thick growth of the main branch, promoting the growth of summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one selected summer tip grows outwards as a main branch extension head, one selected summer tip is cultured as a first auxiliary main branch and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch, one selected summer tip is cultured as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, the selected and reserved direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary main branch, the reserved summer tips are subjected to pinching when the summer tips of the main branch extension heads grow to 50cm, the summer tips are promoted to be thickened and aged, after the first auxiliary main branch is cultured for a short spring, the summer tips of the first auxiliary main branch are cut and cultured for a second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch, when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured for a short summer, a 30cm short tip is reserved for the summer tip of the main branch extension head after the summer tips are aged, the autumn tips are promoted to be cut, the 3 germinated autumn tips are selected, wherein one selected and reserved for the main branch extension heads grow outwards and the second auxiliary branch is cultured, and stagger with the first auxiliary main branch, one is used as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, and leaves 20cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and simultaneously selects and leaves 2 autumn tips sprouting under the cut, wherein one of the autumn tips sprouting under the cut selected and left is used as the first auxiliary main branch extension head for growing outside, the rest is used as the side branch cultivation, and leaves 10-15cm short cut for the summer tip reserved as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch cultivation, after the selection of the autumn tips is finished, the autumn tips sprouting under 3 cuts are selected and left as the cultivation result branch group or temporary result branch group, and the top pinching of the autumn tips is not carried out when the side branches of the second auxiliary main branch and the first auxiliary main branch are cultivated by cutting the summer tips;

s3: and (3) trimming in the second year: performing second-year pruning on the citrus saplings after the first-year pruning, wherein the second-year pruning is to cultivate a third auxiliary main branch and side branches of the first and the second auxiliary main branches by cutting off the first-year autumn tips, promote spring shoots by leaving a 25cm short cut for the first-year autumn tips left as the main branch extension heads, select 3 spring shoots for germination, wherein one selected spring shoot is used as a main branch extension head branch to grow outwards, one selected spring shoot is used as a third auxiliary main branch to be cultured and staggered with the second auxiliary main branch, one selected spring shoot is used as a main branch side branch or a temporary auxiliary branch, and a 20cm short cut is left for the autumn tips left as the second auxiliary main branch, and 3 autumn tips sprouting under the cut are selected, wherein the outward one is used as a second auxiliary branch extension head to grow outwards, the rest are used as side branches to be cultured, and 12cm short shoots left as the side branches or temporary auxiliary branch on the main branch or the temporary auxiliary branch are reserved, and 2 autumn tips below the cut are selected as a temporary culture result of germination or temporary branch group, and after spring stops growing, basically forming a main trunk, a main branch, an auxiliary main branch and partial side branches and the like which are necessary for the citrus high-yield tree form, thinning all flowers and fruits of peripheral extension branches of the formed citrus saplings, carrying out short-cut first-year autumn branches to cultivate third auxiliary main branches and first and auxiliary main branches, carrying out short-cut first-year and second-year branches to promote summer branches in the process of cultivating the side branches and branch groups in spring short-cut cultivation, cultivating the side branches and branch groups, and completely erasing summer branches without spaces in the periphery, meanwhile, carrying out short-cut spring short-cut or summer branches, and carrying out manual short-cut on germination spring branches and aged summer branches in the second year before and after mid-autumn in the process of cultivating the fruit mother branches to promote autumn branches, and cultivating the fruit mother branches to prepare for the third-year early fruit high-yield;

s5: regularly measuring the tip length by manpower in the shaping and trimming process of the citrus balanced result, carrying out corresponding processing through measured data, carrying out regular observation on the trimmed citrus saplings by manpower in winter after the shaping and trimming in the first year, and processing through an observation result, wherein the observation result shows that the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning if the citrus saplings are not subjected to winter pruning, and opening a waist corner, wherein when the waist corner is opened, the main branches and the trunk are required to be ensured to extend outwards at an angle of 53 degrees, and simultaneously the top end advantage is weakened, so that the inner branches and the outer branches are promoted to grow uniformly;

s6: and (3) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted in the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time of fertilization, and the fertilizer used in the fertilization is prepared by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.9 percent, selecting spraying for fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval of the manual operation is once a month, meanwhile, the manual operation collects weather forecast information, and selects a pretreatment scheme according to the collection result, wherein the collection result shows that rain is present, a scheme for preparing for not carrying out water spraying treatment on the citrus saplings is selected, the collection result shows that no rain is present, a scheme for preparing for carrying out water spraying treatment on the citrus saplings is selected, the weather forecast information shows that the weather condition needs to be observed at fixed points manually when rain is present, wherein the fixed-point observation is carried out by manually observing the rainfall condition through the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information, and the pretreatment scheme is adopted by processing the observation result, wherein the observation result shows that the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information is accurate, and (3) if the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information displayed by the observation result is inaccurate in prediction, manually carrying out delay observation on the rainfall time point, wherein the delay observation is that the rainfall point is delayed by 2d and is processed through the result after the delay observation, manually carrying out water spraying treatment if no rainfall occurs in the result after the delay observation, and adopting a pretreatment scheme if the rainfall occurs in the result after the delay observation.

Comparative example 1

The difference from the first embodiment is that, S1: selecting and processing: selecting proper citrus stocks and citrus varieties, cultivating strong seedlings with the plant height of more than 80cm by adopting a nutrition bag, and performing standardized field planting on the selected citrus seedlings, wherein the standardized field planting is to perform standardized field planting on the citrus seedlings according to the plant-row spacing of 2.5m multiplied by 3m and every 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation, and the rest was the same as in example one.

Comparative example No. two

The difference from the first embodiment is that, S2: trimming in the first year: performing first-year pruning on the citrus seedlings after planting, wherein the first-year pruning is performed by performing trunk setting and selection main branch treatment on the citrus seedlings after planting, the trunk setting treatment is performed manually, trunk setting is performed at a position 60cm away from the ground of the citrus seedlings after planting, the main branch selection treatment is performed by manually selecting and reserving 4 strongly-growing spring twigs as main branches through spring-promoting twigs for cultivation, the main branches are required to be 28cm high during the main branch selection treatment, the main branches are 12cm apart and are uniformly distributed around and form a base angle of 50 degrees with the main branches, the selected main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting branch after the main branch selection treatment is completed, and when the first auxiliary branch is cultivated in a spring-cutting branch cultivation, the 35cm short-cutting main branch is reserved to promote the main branch to grow roughly, promoting the growth of summer tips, selecting and reserving 3 germinated summer tips, wherein one selected summer tip grows outwards as a main branch extension head, one selected summer tip is cultured as a first auxiliary main branch and grows outwards at an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch, one selected summer tip is cultured as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, the selected and reserved direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary main branch, the reserved summer tips are subjected to pinching when the summer tips of the main branch extension heads grow to 50cm, the summer tips are promoted to be thickened and aged, after the first auxiliary main branch is cultured for a short spring, the summer tips of the first auxiliary main branch are cut and cultured for a second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch, when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branch of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured for a short summer, a 30cm short tip is reserved for the summer tip of the main branch extension head after the summer tips are aged, the autumn tips are promoted to be cut, the 3 germinated autumn tips are selected, wherein one selected and reserved for the main branch extension heads grow outwards and the second auxiliary branch is cultured, and is staggered with the first auxiliary main branch, one branch is used as a main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch for culture, a 20cm short section is reserved for the tip of the summer reserved as the first auxiliary main branch, and the rest is the same as the first embodiment.

Comparative example No. three

The difference from the first embodiment is that, S6: and (3) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil, fertilizer and water management and pest control according to standardized requirements, wherein extra-root topdressing is adopted in the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time of fertilization, and the fertilizer used in the fertilization is prepared by mixing urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.7%, selectively spraying and fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval is once a month, meanwhile, manually collecting weather forecast information, and selecting a pretreatment scheme according to a collection result, wherein if the collection result shows that rain exists, a scheme for preparing the citrus saplings without water spraying treatment is selected, if the collection result shows that no rain exists, a scheme for preparing the citrus saplings with water spraying treatment is selected, and if the weather forecast information shows that rain exists, the weather condition needs to be manually observed at fixed points, and the rest is the same as that in the first embodiment.

Examples of the experiments

The citrus fruit trim method of example one, example two, example three, example four, example five, comparative example one, comparative example two and comparative example three was tested to give the following results:

the orange balanced result pruning methods prepared in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment, the first comparative embodiment, the second comparative embodiment and the third comparative embodiment have the advantages that the annual yield of fruit trees is obviously improved compared with the prior art, and the first embodiment is the best embodiment.

Detection reporting

The invention aims to solve the problems of slow fruit tree shape forming, outward movement of fruiting parts, baldness in an inner cavity and the like caused by few times of tip promoting in one year in the existing fruit tree shaping and trimming technology at present, and provides a citrus balanced result shaping and trimming method.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A citrus fruit-balancing pruning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s6: and (4) performing subsequent treatment, namely performing orchard soil and fertilizer water management and pest control according to standardized requirements.

2. The citrus fruit pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the professional selects the proper citrus stocks and varieties, and adopts the nutrition bags to cultivate strong seedlings with a plant height of more than 80cm, and the selected citrus seedlings are subjected to standardized planting, wherein the standardized planting is to plant and row spacing of the citrus seedlings of 2.5m x 3m, and each 667m²Area cultivation 88 plants were subjected to standard cultivation.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the citrus uniform fruit pruning is performed in S2, wherein the citrus saplings after planting are first trimmed by a first year, the citrus saplings after planting are first trimmed by a stem selection and main branch cultivation process, the stem selection and main branch cultivation process is performed manually, the citrus saplings after planting are selected to be stem-fixed at a distance of 55-65cm from the ground, the main branch selection and main branch cultivation process is performed by manually selecting and reserving 3-4 spring tips with strong growth in different directions from spring tips as main branches, wherein the main branch selection and main branch cultivation process requires that the height of the main branches is 25-30cm, the main branches are 10-15cm apart from each other and are uniformly distributed around, the main branches form a base angle of 45-50 degrees with the main branches, the main branches are developed in one direction and are not overlapped up and down, the main branch selection and main branch cultivation process are performed by a stem selection and then performing a spring tip cultivation, when the first auxiliary main branch is cultured on the spring tip, 35cm short cut main branches are reserved after the spring tip stops growing and is aged, 3 germinated summer tips are reserved, one selected summer tip is used as a main branch extending head to grow outwards, the other selected summer tip is used as a first auxiliary branch to be cultured and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the main branch to grow outwards, the other selected summer tip is used as a main branch side branch or a temporary auxiliary branch to be cultured, the selecting and reserving direction is opposite to that of the first auxiliary branch, and the summer tips of the main branch extending head are pinched for the reserved summer tips when the summer tips grow to 50 cm.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cultivation of the first secondary main branch in spring short shoots is followed by cultivation of the second secondary main branch in summer short shoots and the side branches of the first secondary main branch, wherein the cultivation of the second secondary main branch in summer short shoots and the side branches of the first secondary main branch is carried out by leaving 30cm short cut of the tip of the summer left as the extension head of the main branch after the summer is slightly mature, and by leaving 3 germinated autumn shoots, wherein one of the selected autumn shoots grows outward as the extension head of the main branch, one grows out as the second secondary main branch and is staggered from the first secondary main branch, one grows as the side branch of the main branch or the temporary auxiliary branch, and leaves 20cm short cut of the tip of the summer left as the first secondary main branch, and 2 to 3 germinated autumn shoots under the cut are simultaneously selected, wherein one germinated under the selected autumn shoots grows outward as the extension head of the first secondary main branch, and the rest are cultured as side branches, a short section of 10-15cm is reserved for the summer branch which is reserved as the main branch side branch or is cultured as the temporary auxiliary culture branch, 2-3 autumn branches which sprout under the cut are selected and reserved after the autumn branches are selected and reserved as a culture result branch group or a temporary result branch group, and topping and pinching are not performed on the autumn branches when the second auxiliary main branch and the side branches of the first auxiliary main branch are cultured by cutting the summer branches short.

5. The citrus fruit-balanced pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the citrus young tree after the first-year pruning is subjected to second-year pruning, wherein the second-year pruning is to cultivate a third main branch and the side branches of the first and second main branches by cutting the first-year autumn branches short, leave a cut of 25cm at the first-year autumn tips left as the main branch extending heads, and select 3 spring tips with germination, wherein one spring tip selected grows outwards as the main branch extending head branch, one spring tip selected grows as the third main branch and is staggered with respect to the second main branch, one spring tip selected as the main branch side branch or temporary auxiliary branch, and leaves a cut of 20cm at the autumn tips left as the second main branch, and 3 cut-out autumn tips are selected, wherein the outward one grows outwards as the second auxiliary branch extending head, and the rest are all cultivated as the side branches, and reserving a 10-15cm short section for the autumn branch reserved as the lateral branch or the temporary auxiliary cultivation branch on the main branch, selecting and reserving 2-3 spring branches germinated under cut after the autumn branch is selected and reserved as a branch group cultured into the lateral branch or the temporary fruiting branch, and thinning all flowers and fruits of the peripheral extension branch of the molded citrus saplings after the autumn and spring branches are stopped growing.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the cultivation of the third and the first and the second main branches is carried out in the first autumn, the cultivation of the side branches and the branch groups in the spring and the spring is carried out by manually cutting the spring tips of the aged spring with space around, cultivating the side branches and the branch groups, and erasing all the summer tips without space around, and simultaneously, the spring and the summer tips are cut off, and the spring and the summer tips of the second year are manually cut before and after the middle autumn in the cultivation of the mother branches to cultivate the mother branches.

7. The citrus balanced fruit pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, after the second year of pruning, third and later pruning is performed on citrus seedlings, and the third and later pruning is divided into first fruit pruning and full fruit pruning, wherein the first fruit pruning is to slightly enlarge the trees in spring, summer and autumn for the saplings with space around, and to perform winter short cut for promoting spring shoot, summer short cut for removing summer shoot and autumn for the saplings without space around, and to culture branches inside and outside the crown, and to rotate the fruit by slightly pressing the trees at the periphery to open corners, and to update the branches, and the branches after fruit pruning, the mother branches and the short cuts 1/3-2/3, and to update the branches, and to rotate the fruit, and the full fruit pruning is to control the crown height and the distance between the trees during the full fruit pruning, when pruning is carried out, the height of a tree crown is not more than 2.5m, the distance between the tree crown and the periphery of the tree is 0.5m, dense branches, crossed branches, overlapped branches and branches with diseases and pests are removed, and the branches with the plants in the inner chamber except for the dense branches, the leaves and the branches with the diseases and the pests need to be reserved.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, the shoot length is periodically measured by human beings during the pruning process, and the measured data is processed accordingly, and the pruned citrus saplings are periodically observed by human beings in winter after the pruning of the first year and processed by the observation result, wherein the observation result shows that the citrus saplings are not extracted and not processed slightly in winter, and the observation result shows that the citrus saplings are extracted and processed slightly in winter, and the waist angle is opened, wherein the main branch and the main trunk are extended outward at 50-55 ° while the top dominance is weakened.

9. The citrus fruit pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, orchard soil, fertilizer, water and pest control are performed according to standardized requirements, wherein during the initial stage of citrus sapling planting, extra-root top dressing is applied, the fertilization period is 15 days and 1 time fertilization is performed, and the fertilizer used during fertilization is prepared from urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, mixing and preparing a solution with the concentration of 0.5-1%, selectively spraying for fertilizing, and manually carrying out regular intertillage and soil loosening, wherein the intertillage and soil loosening interval is once a month, meanwhile, manually collecting weather forecast information, and selecting a pretreatment scheme through collecting results, wherein if the collecting results show rain, a scheme for not carrying out water spraying treatment preparation on the citrus saplings is selected, and if the collecting results show no rain, a scheme for carrying out water spraying treatment preparation on the citrus saplings is selected.

10. The citrus fruit trim method according to claim 9, wherein the weather forecast information shows that the weather condition needs to be observed manually at a fixed point when it is rainy, wherein the fixed-point observation is that the rainfall condition is observed at the rainfall time point which is manually displayed by weather forecast information and is processed by the observation result, wherein, the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information displayed by the observation result is predicted accurately by adopting a preprocessing scheme, the rainfall time point displayed by the weather forecast information displayed by the observation result is predicted inaccurately by artificially carrying out delay observation on the rainfall time point, the delay observation is to delay the rainfall point by 2d, and processing the result after delay observation, carrying out water spraying treatment manually if the result after delay observation shows that no rainfall occurs, and adopting a pretreatment scheme if the result after delay observation shows that the rainfall occurs.