CN109042018B - Reforming and shaping method of jujube tree - Google Patents
Reforming and shaping method of jujube tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042018B CN109042018B CN201810887411.5A CN201810887411A CN109042018B CN 109042018 B CN109042018 B CN 109042018B CN 201810887411 A CN201810887411 A CN 201810887411A CN 109042018 B CN109042018 B CN 109042018B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and discloses a method for reforming and shaping jujube trees. The jujube tree form comprises two branches and one trunk, namely a trunk and two main branches extending between lines are oppositely cultured on the trunk, and the trunk and the two main branches are Y-shaped, and the specific method comprises the following steps: (1) the tree form is reformed, and the tree form reforming measures respectively comprise primary crop falling, branch thinning, retraction, bud picking, main branch pinching, branch differentiation of a branch differentiation device, branch opening angle of an opening angle device, girdling, repeated bud picking and sprout removal; (2) shaping the tree form, wherein the shaping measures respectively comprise main branch pinching, girdling, repeated bud picking and sprout removal. The jujube tree reformed and shaped by the method has simple structure, less number of bone branches and fewer grading times, is convenient for manual or mechanical operation and management, is particularly suitable for popularization and planting in the southern Xinjiang area, and is a novel high-quality and labor-saving jujube tree cultivation tree form.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for reforming and shaping jujube trees.
Background
The red dates are tree species with strong economic benefit and protective effect, the red dates are rich in nutrition and high in medicinal value, can be dried into dried dates besides being eaten fresh, and can be made into products such as candied dates, date paste, liquor-saturated dates and date tea after deep processing, so that the red dates are deeply loved by consumers.
The Xinjiang southern Xinjiang area is a national grade green food base confirmed by the national Ministry of agriculture because of rare rainfall, drought and windy, large day and night temperature difference, long sunshine time, and suitable growth, development and drying of the red date trees under the agricultural climatic resource conditions, and few plant diseases and insect pests.
As the southern Xinjiang red dates are cultivated in a close planting mode, the following problems are easy to occur in the common production: the tree form is not properly matched, so that the crowns of the jujube trees in permanent and temporary rows are high, the branches in the rows are connected, the branches between plants are overlapped, the large branches in the crowns are large and thick, the opening angle is small, the small branches are small and thin, and the distribution is uneven; secondly, the orchard is poor in ventilation and light transmission, and diseases are prevalent; thirdly, poor illumination utilization rate, outward shift of fruiting parts, unstable yield and reduced quality; fourthly, the nutrient loss is huge; and fifthly, the jujube garden is closed, and jujube farmers bend over the waist or lie on the ground for operation, so that the operations of pesticide spraying, pinching, bud picking and other production operations are inconvenient, the production cost is increased, and the benefit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reconstructing a Y-shaped tree form of a temporary jujube tree aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aims to improve the technical method aiming at the problems of high close planting degree, inter-row branch joints, inter-plant branch overlapping, low light energy utilization rate, inconvenient operation and the like of the existing jujube garden planting.
The technical scheme is as follows:
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a transformation and shaping method of a jujube tree is completed in two years, and comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) in the first year, tree form modification:
the tree form transformation measures comprise primary crop falling, branch thinning, retraction, bud picking, main branch pinching, branch sorting of a branch sorting device, branch opening angle opening of an angle opening device, girdling, repeated bud picking and sprout tiller removal;
the primary head falling means that: in the middle and last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, when the red dates are trimmed in winter, the central trunk is trimmed to make the cut have branches, the height of the tree body is reduced to be within 1.0m, and the height of the tree trunk is 50 cm;
the branch thinning means that: removing all branches on the central trunk below the trunk height after trunk fixing, leaving no trunk pile, and thinning out main branches extending between the non-two rows;
the retraction is as follows: after the two main branches extending to the row space retract, 6cm piles are left;
the bud picking means that: in the middle ten days of the last month 5, selecting two strong new branches which extend to the row space and have an angle of 180 degrees as main branches from the new main branches, and completely wiping off the rest germinated branches;
the main branch pinching means: in the middle ten days of 5 months, pinching the head branches of the main branches and the jujube, reserving 6 secondary branches, and fruiting in the current year;
the branch pruning of the branch pruning device is as follows: in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, before the new main branches are not lignified, branch setting devices are used for setting branches, and the angles of the branches are changed;
the angle of the branch opened by the angle opener is as follows: the included angle between two main branches is 90 degrees by an angle opener;
the girdling means that: in full bloom stage, firstly, cutting off hard old skin outside by a knife to expose white phloem, then, encircling the phloem for two weeks by a sharp knife tip according to proper nail mouth width, and taking off the cut phloem; the knife edge is smooth and consistent in width, and does not damage xylem. The first opening of the nail should be carried out at a distance of 30 cm from the ground. 3-5 days after the nail opening, adopting 50% mixed solution of 50 times of hexa-effect phosphorus and 9510 times of green wind, adding a proper amount of clay to prepare paste, smearing the paste on the nail opening, and wrapping the paste by using a plastic cloth strip to preserve moisture, prevent plant diseases and insect pests and promote wound healing;
the repeated bud picking and sprout tillering removing means that: in the production period of red dates from 5 months to 10 months, bud picking is carried out on newly grown jujube branches, and root tillering seedlings are eradicated in time;
in the second year, tree-shaped transformation is completed:
the shaping measures comprise main branch pinching, girdling, repeated bud picking and sprout removal;
the main branch pinching means: in the middle ten days of 5 months, pinching the extended head of the main branch, and leaving 1-3 newly germinated jujube branches for pinching to form a current-year result of lignified jujube branches;
the girdling means that: in full bloom stage, firstly, cutting off hard old skin outside by a knife to expose white phloem, then, encircling the phloem for two weeks by a sharp knife tip according to proper nail mouth width, and taking off the cut phloem; the knife edge is smooth and consistent in width, and does not damage xylem. 3-5 days after the nail opening, adopting 50% mixed solution of 50 times of hexa-effect phosphorus and 9510 times of green wind, adding a proper amount of clay to prepare paste, smearing the paste on the nail opening, and wrapping the paste by using a plastic cloth strip to preserve moisture, prevent plant diseases and insect pests and promote wound healing. The nail-opening part is changed year by year: the first nail opening is carried out at a position of 30 cm from the ground of the trunk, the trunk is moved upwards by about 10 cm year by year until the first branch of the trunk is approached, and the first nail opening is repeatedly carried out from bottom to top;
the repeated bud picking and sprout tillering removing means that: in the production period of red dates from 5 months to 10 months, bud picking is carried out on newly grown jujube branches, and root tillering seedlings are eradicated in time;
the transformation of the Y-shaped tree form of the jujube tree is completely finished at the end of the second year, the tree height is controlled within 1.0m, the crown width is within 2m, the fixed-stem height is 50cm, and 10 bearing branches are cultured in the whole plant. Later, the jujube tree shaping method is according to the tree form culture method of the second year;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the tree body has simple structure, the number and the grading frequency of the skeleton branches are less, only two main branches and 6 side branches are provided, the improvement is convenient, and the tree body is easy to be mastered by jujube farmers;
2. the invention realizes full utilization of space, good ventilation and light transmission conditions, good utilization of light energy in the canopy, high photosynthetic efficiency, high yield, good quality and good flavor;
3. the pruning technology is simplified, the pruning workload is greatly reduced, and unnecessary nutrient loss is reduced to the minimum;
4. the height and the volume of the tree crown are greatly reduced, manual or mechanical operation and management are facilitated, radiation popularization is easy, and the tree is a novel high-quality and labor-saving cultivation tree form for the jujube trees.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, variations and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In a desert greening base in West county of Xinjiang, the base is located at the northwest edge of a Tarriwood basin in south Xinjiang, belongs to a desert climate with warm and arid zones and is rich in heat. The soil is sandy soil which is desert sandy soil reclaimed for 10 years, has loose soil quality, good water and air permeability, poor water and fertilizer retention capability and the like, and is suitable for planting jujube trees. Two main cultivars (ash jujubes and jun jujubes) of jujubes in Xinjiang are selected for tree form transformation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in 3, middle and last ten days of 2014 to 4, when red dates are trimmed in winter, the central trunk is retracted, branches are cut by means of head falling trimming, the height of a tree body is reduced within 1.0m, and the height of the tree trunk is 50 cm;
(2) in 2014, when red dates are pruned in winter, all branches on the middle trunk below the trunk height after trunk fixation are removed, a trunk pile cannot be left, and main branches extending towards the row are thinned;
(3) in 2014, when red dates are trimmed in winter, after two main branches extending to the row space retract, 6cm piles are left;
(4) in 2014, in the middle ten days of 5 months, selecting and reserving two strong branches extending towards the row space and forming an angle of 180 degrees as main branches from the new main branches, and completely wiping the rest germinated branches;
(5) in 2014, in the middle ten days of 5 months, pinching the head branches of the main branches, leaving 6 secondary branches, and bearing fruits in the current year;
(6) in the middle and last ten days of 5 months in 2014, before the new main branches are not lignified, branch sorting devices are used for sorting the branches, and the angles of the branches are changed;
(7) in the middle and last ten days of 6 months in 2014, using an angle opener to enable the included angle between two main branches to be 90 degrees;
(8) in 2014, in the full-bloom period of the jujubes, hard old skin on the outer part is firstly cut by a cutter to expose a white phloem, then the phloem is surrounded for two weeks by a sharp cutter point according to the proper width of a nail opening, and the cut phloem is taken down; the knife edge is smooth and consistent in width, and does not damage xylem. The first opening of the nail should be carried out at a distance of 30 cm from the ground. 3-5 days after the nail opening, adopting 50% mixed solution of 50 times of hexa-effect phosphorus and 9510 times of green wind, adding a proper amount of clay to prepare paste, smearing the paste on the nail opening, and wrapping the paste by using a plastic cloth strip to preserve moisture, prevent plant diseases and insect pests and promote wound healing;
(9) in 2014, in the production period of red dates from 5 months to 10 months, bud picking is carried out on newly grown jujube head branches, and root tillering seedlings are eradicated in time;
(10) in the middle ten days of 5 months in 2015, pinching the extended head of the main branch, and leaving 1-3 newly germinated jujube branches for pinching to form a current-year fruiting of lignified jujube branches;
(11) in 2015, in the full-bloom period of the jujubes, hard old skin on the outer part is cut by a cutter to expose a white phloem, and the cut phloem is taken down by using a sharp cutter point to encircle the phloem for two weeks according to the proper width of a nail opening; the knife edge is smooth and consistent in width, and does not damage xylem. The first opening of the nail should be carried out at a distance of 30 cm from the ground. 3-5 days after the nail opening, adopting 50% mixed solution of 50 times of hexa-effect phosphorus and 9510 times of green wind, adding a proper amount of clay to prepare paste, smearing the paste on the nail opening, and wrapping the paste by using a plastic cloth strip to preserve moisture, prevent plant diseases and insect pests and promote wound healing;
(12) in 2015, in the production period of red dates from 5 months to 10 months, carrying out bud picking on newly grown jujube head branches, and removing root tillering seedlings in time;
(13) through 2014-2015 continuous culture for two years, the Y-shaped jujube tree form which is simple in structure, high in luminous efficiency and convenient for jujube farmers to master is basically formed, the average tree height is 1.5m, the crown width is 1.6m, the fixed-stem height is 50cm, and the average whole plant number of bearing branches (groups) is 10.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reforming and shaping jujube trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) tree-shaped reconstruction:
first step, head falling for the first time: pruning the central trunk and falling the head from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to 4 months, wherein the branch is formed at the cut by the falling head pruning, the height of the tree body is reduced within 1m, and the height of the tree trunk is 50 cm;
second step, thinning branches: removing all branches on the central trunk, leaving no trunk pile, and thinning out the main branches extending between the non-two rows;
and step three, retraction: retracting two main branches extending to the row space, and reserving a 6cm pile;
fourth, bud picking: in the middle ten days of the last 5 months, two strong new branches extending to the row are selected and reserved as main branches from newly-emerged main branches, and the rest sprouted branches are completely removed;
fifthly, main branch pinching: in the middle ten days of 5 months, pinching the head branches of the main branches and the jujube, leaving 6 secondary branches, and bearing fruits in the same year;
sixthly, pruning with a pruning device: in the middle and last ten days of the month 5, branches are distinguished by branch distinguishing devices, and the angles of the branches are changed; pruning with a pruning device before the new main branch is not lignified;
and seventhly, opening the branch angle by using an angle opener: the lignified branch is used for making the included angle between two main branches be 90 degrees by an angle opener;
eighth step, girdling: in the full-bloom stage, firstly, cutting off hard old skin on the outer part by a cutter to expose a white phloem, then, encircling the phloem for two weeks by a sharp cutter point according to the proper width of a nail opening, and taking down the cut phloem;
and ninthly, repeatedly bud picking and sprout removing: in the production period of 5-10 months of red dates, carrying out bud picking on newly grown jujube head branches, and eradicating root tillering seedlings;
2) shaping a tree shape:
first main branch pinching: in the middle ten days of 5 months in the next year, the main branches are extended and pinched, 1-3 newly-germinated Chinese date hangers are left for pinching, lignification Chinese date hangers are formed, and fruit bearing can be realized in the current year;
second step girdling: in the full-bloom stage, firstly, cutting off hard old skin on the outer part by a cutter to expose a white phloem, then, encircling the phloem for two weeks by a sharp cutter point according to the proper width of a nail opening, and taking down the cut phloem;
thirdly, repeatedly bud picking and sprout removing: in the production period of red dates of 5-10 months in the next year, carrying out bud picking on newly grown jujube branches, and eradicating root tillering seedlings;
after the shaping of the tree form is finished, the tree form comprises two branches and one trunk, namely a main trunk and two main branches extending to the row space are oppositely cultured on the main trunk, the main trunk and the two main branches are Y-shaped, the height of the tree is controlled within 1m, the crown width is controlled within 2m, and the fixed trunk height is 50 cm.
2. The method for reforming jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the two strong branches extending between the rows selected in the fourth step of tree-form reforming is 180 °.
3. The method for reforming the jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein 3-5 days after the first opening in the girdling step, 50 times of hexa-effect phosphorus and 9510 times of green wind are mixed with a proper amount of clay to form a paste, the paste is applied to the nail, and the paste is wrapped with a plastic cloth strip to preserve moisture.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the girdling step is performed by first cutting the nails at a distance of 30 cm from the ground, changing the cutting parts year by year, moving the cutting parts year by about 10 cm, and repeating the process from bottom to top until the first branch of the trunk is approached.
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| CN201810887411.5A CN109042018B (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | Reforming and shaping method of jujube tree |
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| CN201810887411.5A CN109042018B (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | Reforming and shaping method of jujube tree |
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| CN109042018B true CN109042018B (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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| CN110100632A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省果树研究所 | One kind saving labor Winter-date girdling method |
| CN112514725B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-28 | 岳阳市林业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for mid-autumn crispy dates bearing fruit in batches for more than one year |
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