CN109042018A - A kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree - Google Patents
A kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042018A CN109042018A CN201810887411.5A CN201810887411A CN109042018A CN 109042018 A CN109042018 A CN 109042018A CN 201810887411 A CN201810887411 A CN 201810887411A CN 109042018 A CN109042018 A CN 109042018A
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- 244000126002 Ziziphus vulgaris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000008529 Ziziphus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241001247821 Ziziphus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于果树栽培领域，公开了一种枣树的改造整形方法。该枣树树形包括两枝一干，即主干和主干上对向培养两个向行间延伸的主枝，主干、两个主枝呈Y字形，具体方法包括如下步骤：（1）树形改造，树形改造措施分别包括一次落头、疏枝、回缩、抹芽、主枝摘心、别枝器别枝、开角器开张枝条角度、环剥、反复抹芽和除萌蘖；（2）树形整形，整形措施分别包括主枝摘心、环剥、反复抹芽和除萌蘖。通过本发明方法改造整形后的枣树结构简单，骨干枝的数目和分级次数少，便于人工或机械操作管理，尤其适合在新疆南疆地区推广种植，是一种新型优质、省力化枣树栽培树形。The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation and discloses a method for transforming and shaping jujube trees. The jujube tree shape includes two branches and one trunk, that is, two main branches extending to the rows are cultivated oppositely on the main trunk and the main trunk, and the main trunk and the two main branches are Y-shaped. The specific method includes the following steps: (1) tree shape transformation , the tree shape transformation measures include one-time head drop, branch thinning, retraction, bud wiping, topping of main branches, different branches and branches, angle opener to open branch angles, girdling, repeated bud wiping and tiller removal; (2 ) Tree shaping, the shaping measures include main branch topping, girdling, repeated bud wiping and tiller removal. The jujube tree transformed by the method of the present invention has a simple structure, less number of backbone branches and less grading times, and is convenient for manual or mechanical operation and management. It is especially suitable for popularizing and planting in southern Xinjiang. It is a new type of high-quality, labor-saving jujube cultivation. tree shape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular to a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree.
Background technique
Jujube is economic benefit and the stronger tree species of protection effect, and jujube fruit is full of nutrition, and medical value is high, in addition to for fresh food
Outside, it can also make and do as dry jujube, it is deep by the majority of consumers' if can be made into the products such as candied date, jujube paste, liquor-saturated dates, jujube tea through deep processing
Like.
Southern Xinjiang is because of precipitation rareness, and arid is windy, and day and night temperature is big, and the sunshine-duration is long, agroclimatological resources item
Part is suitble to the growth and development of red jujube tree and system dry, while pest and disease damage is few, becomes " the national green food of Minister Agriculture of China's confirmation
Base ".
Since South Sinkiang jujube uses planting culture, easily there are following problems in usual production: first is that tree-like apolegamy is improper,
Cause permanent row and interim row jujube tree tree crown tall and big, in the ranks branch connector, branch is overlapping between strain, and bough is more and thick long in tree crown,
Spreading angle is less than normal, and sprig is few and thin and delicate, is unevenly distributed；Second is that orchard ventilation and penetrating light is bad, plant disease epidemic；Third is that illumination is sharp
It is poor with rate, it is moved outside setting fruit position, yield is unstable, quality decline；Fourth is that nutrient loss amount is huge；Fifth is that jujube garden is closed, jujube agriculture is curved
Waist or the operation that lies face down are not easy to spray insecticide, pinching, bud picking and other production operations, and the production cost increases, Benefit Drops.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and it is tree-like to provide interim row jujube tree Y-shaped
Remodeling method, for existing jujube garden plantation tangled vegetation height, in the ranks branch is overlapping, the efficiency of light energy utilization is low, operation between branch connector, strain
The problems such as inconvenient, carries out technical method improvement, and premised on not influencing the growth of permanent strain, interim strain is in line with improvement illumination, side
Just it manages, reduces tree height, reduce crown diameter, be the principle of permanent strain " giving way ", be trimmed to Y-shaped, the daily easy journey of cultivation management
Degree is increased dramatically.
Technical solution:
To achieve the goals above, technical solution provided by the invention are as follows: a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree, the transformation side
Method, which is divided to 2 years, to be completed, concrete operation step are as follows:
1) First Year, tree structure wavelet:
Tree structure wavelet measure includes once falling head, sparse branching, retraction, bud picking, major branch pinching, the other branch of other branch device, open-angle device the first transaction of a day's business branch
Angle, bud picking and removes sprout tillers repeatedly at band girdle；
Described once to fall head and refer to: mid or late March to early or mid April when jujube winter pruning, is carried out falling head by center is dry, be fallen
Head trimming should make clip have branch, and the height of tree body reduces the tree-like heading height 50cm within 1.0m；
The sparse branching refers to: removing and does all branches that high following center is done after doing surely, cannot stay dry stake, while removing non-two
It is a to the major branch in the ranks extended；
The retraction refers to: after bouncing back to two to the major branch in the ranks extended, remaining 6cm stake；
The bud picking refers to: May early and middle ten days, in newly hair major branch, select and remain two to the stalwartness in the ranks extended, angle is in 180 °
Shoot is all erased out as major branch, remaining branch for sprouting；
The major branch pinching refers to: early and middle ten days stayed 6 Secondary Branchs, worked as annual bearing to major branch jujube head branch pinching May；
The other other branch of branch device refers to: mid or late May, before the new non-lignifying of major branch, with the other other branch of branch device, changes branch
Angle；
The open-angle device the first transaction of a day's business branch angle refers to: the branch of lignifying, 90 ° of the angle between making two major branches with open-angle device；
The band girdle refers to: full-bloom stage, first prunes external hard Lao Pi with knife, exposes white bast, then with sharp knife
Point removed the bast zone of cutting by first mouth width degree ring bast two weeks that are suitable for；The edge of a knife is smooth, and width is consistent, does not hurt xylem.
Opening first for the first time should carry out in trunk away from 30 centimeters of ground.It opens after first 3-5 days, using 50% 6 effect 50 times of liquid of phosphorus and green wind 9510
Times mixed liquor, adds appropriate clay to be tuned into paste, is applied at first mouth, and wraps up moisturizing with plastics cloth, prevents pest and disease damage, promotes
Wound healing；
The bud picking repeatedly and except sprout tillers refers to: during red dates production in May to October, newly longer jujube head branch is smeared
Bud roots out root turion seedling in time；
Second year, tree structure wavelet are completed:
Shaping measure includes major branch pinching, band girdle, repeatedly bud picking and except sprout tillers；
The major branch pinching refers to: May, early and middle ten days stayed 1~3 jujube newly sprouted to hang pinching major branch extending head pinching, were formed
Lignifying jujube, which is hung, works as annual bearing；
The band girdle refers to: full-bloom stage, first prunes external hard Lao Pi with knife, exposes white bast, then with sharp knife
Point removed the bast zone of cutting by first mouth width degree ring bast two weeks that are suitable for；The edge of a knife is smooth, and width is consistent, does not hurt xylem.
It opens after first 3-5 days, using 50% 6 effect 9510 times of mixed liquors of 50 times of liquid of phosphorus and green wind, adds appropriate clay to be tuned into paste, be applied to first
At mouthful, and moisturizing is wrapped up with plastics cloth, prevents pest and disease damage, promote wound healing.The position Kai Jia is replaced year by year: being opened first for the first time and is answered
It is carried out in trunk away from 30 centimeters of ground, 10 centimetres or so is moved up year by year later, when close to the first branch of trunk, then under
Repeat on and；
The bud picking repeatedly and except sprout tillers refers to: during red dates production in May to October, newly longer jujube head branch is smeared
Bud roots out root turion seedling in time；
The tree-like transformation of jujube tree Y-shaped to year end the second is fully completed, and sets high control within 1.0m, fixed dry within hat width 2m
Height 50cm, 10, complete stool cultivation results branch.Annual jujube tree shaping methods are according to the tree-like cultural method of second year later；
Beneficial effects of the present invention compared with prior art, have following remarkable advantage:
1, the tree-like tree management is simple, and the number and classification number of skeleton branch are few, and only two scaffold limbs and 6 side shoots are convenient for
Transformation is easy to be grasped by jujube agriculture；
2, the present invention, which realizes, makes full use of space, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, and light-use is good in hat, and photosynthetic efficiency is high, yield
Height, quality is good, and flavor is good；
3, pruning technique is simplified, and pruning workload greatly reduces, and meaningless nutrient loss minimizes；
4, height of tree crown, volume are all greatly reduced, and convenient for manually or mechanically operational administrative, are easy to radiate popularization, are a kind of jujube trees
Novel high-quality, Labor-saving cultivation are tree-like.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, it is noted that for the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several variations and modifications can also be made, these also should be regarded as belonging to
Protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In Xinjiang Wenxiu County desert greening base, which is located at Xinjiang South Sinkiang Northwestern Margin of Tarim Basin, belongs to warm temperate zone
The desert climate of arid, heat are abundant.Soil is sandy soil, is the desert sandy land opened up wasteland 10 years, the soil is porous, water-permeable and air permeable
Property good, retain water and nutrients ability difference etc., be suitble to jujube tree plantation.Two, Xinjiang jujube main breed (grey jujube and fine horse jujube) is selected to carry out tree-like
Transformation, the specific steps are as follows:
In mid or late March, (1) 2014 is to early or mid April, when jujube winter pruning, bounces back center is dry, falls head trimming and answer
Clip is set to have branch, the height of tree body reduces the tree-like heading height 50cm within 1.0m；
(2) 2014 years, when jujube winter pruning, remove it is surely dry after do it is high it is following in all branches for doing, dry stake cannot be stayed, together
When remove non-two to the major branch in the ranks extended；
(3) 2014 years, when jujube winter pruning, to two to after the major branch retraction in the ranks extended, remain 6cm stake；
(4) 2014 years, May early and middle ten days, newly hair major branch in, select and remain two in the ranks extend stalwartness, angle in 180 ° as
Major branch, remaining branch for sprouting out are all erased；
(5) 2014 years, early and middle ten days stayed 6 Secondary Branchs, worked as annual bearing to major branch jujube head branch pinching May；
In mid or late May, (6) 2014, with the other other branch of branch device, changes branch angle before the new non-lignifying of major branch；
In mid or late June, (7) 2014, the branch of lignifying, 90 ° of the angle between making two major branches with open-angle device；
(8) 2014 years, in jujube full-bloom stage, external hard Lao Pi first is pruned with knife, exposes white bast, then with sharp knife
Point removed the bast zone of cutting by first mouth width degree ring bast two weeks that are suitable for；The edge of a knife is smooth, and width is consistent, does not hurt xylem.
Opening first for the first time should carry out in trunk away from 30 centimeters of ground.It opens after first 3-5 days, using 50% 6 effect 50 times of liquid of phosphorus and green wind 9510
Times mixed liquor, adds appropriate clay to be tuned into paste, is applied at first mouth, and wraps up moisturizing with plastics cloth, prevents pest and disease damage, promotes
Wound healing；
Bud picking is carried out during red dates production in May to October, to newly longer jujube head branch within (9) 2014 years, root out root turion in time
Seedling；
In May, (10) 2015, early and middle ten days stayed 1~3 jujube newly sprouted to hang pinching major branch extending head pinching, formed lignifying
Jujube, which is hung, works as annual bearing；
(11) 2015 years, in jujube full-bloom stage, external hard Lao Pi first is pruned with knife, exposes white bast, then with sharp
Point of a knife removed the bast zone of cutting by first mouth width degree ring bast two weeks that are suitable for；The edge of a knife is smooth, and width is consistent, does not hurt wooden
Portion.Opening first for the first time should carry out in trunk away from 30 centimeters of ground.It opens after first 3-5 days, using 50% 6 effect 50 times of liquid of phosphorus and green wind
9510 times of mixed liquors, add appropriate clay to be tuned into paste, are applied at first mouth, and wrap up moisturizing with plastics cloth, prevent pest and disease damage,
Promote wound healing；
Bud picking is carried out during red dates production in May to October, to newly longer jujube head branch within (12) 2015 years, root out root turion in time
Seedling；
(13) through the continuous culture of 2014-2015 2 years, a kind of structure is simple, high photosynthetic efficiency, the Y-shaped jujube tree tree grasped convenient for jujube agriculture
Shape basically forms, mean stand height 1.5m, hat width 1.6m, heading height 50cm, and fruitful branch (group) is averaged complete stool 10.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
1) tree structure wavelet:
The first step once falls head: mid or late March to early or mid April, and trimming center tree dry doubling falls head, and falling head trimming has clip
The height of branch, tree body reduces within 1m, and tree-like heading height is 50cm；
Second step sparse branching: remove all branches that center is done, do not stay dry stake, while removing non-two to the master in the ranks extended
Branch；
Third step retraction: it bounces back to two to the major branch in the ranks extended, retains the stake of 6cm；
4th step bud picking: May, early and middle ten days selected and remain two to the healthy and strong shoot in the ranks extended as master in new major branch
Branch, remaining branch for sprouting out all remove；
5th step major branch pinching: May, early and middle ten days stayed 6 Secondary Branchs to major branch jujube head branch pinching, for the year can result；
The other other branch of branch device of 6th step: mid or late May changes branch angle with the other other branch of branch device；
7th step open-angle device the first transaction of a day's business branch angle: by the branch of lignifying with open-angle device make two major branches between 90 ° of angle；
8th step band girdle: in full-bloom stage, first pruning external hard Lao Pi with knife, exposes white bast, then with sharp knife
Point removed the bast zone of cutting by first mouth width degree ring bast two weeks that are suitable for；
9th step repeatedly bud picking, remove sprout tillers: during 5-10 month red dates production, to newly longer jujube head branch progress bud picking, and
Root out root turion seedling；
2) tree-like shaping:
First step major branch pinching: May next year, early and middle ten days stayed 1~3 jujube newly sprouted to hang pinching, shape major branch extending head pinching
It is hung at lignifying jujube, it for the year can result；
Second step band girdle: in full-bloom stage, first pruning external hard Lao Pi with knife, exposes white bast, then with sharp knife
Point removed the bast zone of cutting by first mouth width degree ring bast two weeks that are suitable for；
Third step repeatedly bud picking, remove sprout tillers: during the 5-10 month red dates production of next year, to newly grow jujube head branch smear
Bud roots out root turion seedling.
2. a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the 4th step of tree structure wavelet
Two selected and remain in bud picking step are to the angle of the healthy and strong shoot in the ranks extended in 180 °.
3. a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the 6th step of tree structure wavelet
It is carried out before the new non-lignifying of major branch with the other other branch of branch device.
4. a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that open first in the band girdle step
3-5 days afterwards, using 50% 6 effect 9510 times of mixed liquors of 50 times of liquid of phosphorus and green wind, adds appropriate clay to be tuned into paste, be applied to first mouth
Place, and moisturizing is wrapped up with plastics cloth.
5. a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first in the band girdle step
It opens first to carry out in trunk away from 30 centimeters of ground, replaces the position Kai Jia year by year, move up 10 centimetres or so year by year later, until close
When the first branch of trunk, then repeat from below to up.
6. a kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tree-like shaping is completed
Afterwards, tree-like includes two one dry, i.e., opposite culture two is to the major branch in the ranks extended, trunk, two major branches on trunk and trunk
In Y-shaped, by the high control of tree within 1m, within hat width 2m, heading height 50cm.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112514725A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 岳阳市林业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for fruiting crisp jujube in batches for more than one year in mid-autumn |
| CN112715258A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 刘国利 | U-shaped tree body shaping method for improving illumination and ventilation effects of jujube tree |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110100632A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省果树研究所 | One kind saving labor Winter-date girdling method |
| CN112514725A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 岳阳市林业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for fruiting crisp jujube in batches for more than one year in mid-autumn |
| CN112715258A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 刘国利 | U-shaped tree body shaping method for improving illumination and ventilation effects of jujube tree |
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