CN104920150B - Dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method - Google Patents
Dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104920150B CN104920150B CN201510342025.4A CN201510342025A CN104920150B CN 104920150 B CN104920150 B CN 104920150B CN 201510342025 A CN201510342025 A CN 201510342025A CN 104920150 B CN104920150 B CN 104920150B
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- jujube
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method, including weight cutting strunk, density, cover, stay a heavy pinching, pluck the big heart, retraction, weight cutting back, draw the steps such as branch is supporting, the head control that falls is high and three is clear.The present invention is placed on tree structure wavelet according to red date nutrient growth and generative growth phase feature, the core point of vegetative growth phase low yield low-quality dense planting jujube garden transformation, ageing strong to expand photosynthetic area, improve rate of photosynthisis, ventilation and penetrating light, reasonable nutrient distribution；Bottom completes tree structure wavelet within five months; relax the contradiction that nutrient is fought between young sprout and flowers and fruits; photosynthate is set to try one's best for cultivating healthy and strong skeleton and yielding positive results; reduce the difficulty of the anti-disease pest and weed of flower and fruit protecting; after June enters the florescence; control measures are concentrated one's energy flower and fruit protecting, improve percentage of fertile fruit, yield, quality and production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forestry pruning technique field, and in particular to a kind of dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method.
Background technology
Jujube tree belongs to highlighter-fastness seeds, and the florescence is long, and breeding time overlap, Competition for Nutrients are fierce, especially dense planting jujube garden fruit setting, guarantor
Fruit is more difficult to, and harvesting high-quality high-yield difficulty is big.Live wild jujube building well forms different planting densities in recent years, to uprightly growing thickly, getting bumper crops
Skeleton missing, nutrient growth is excessively prosperous, closing ventilation and penetrating light is poor, coronary dilatation slowly, the jujube tree of low space utilization, by cutting strunk, density,
Pluck the big heart, retraction, weight cutting back, the head that falls, bud picking, pinching, drawing branch, three clearly, specular removal tree is carried out in dormancy season and vegetative growth phase
Shape is transformed, and adjusts branches and leaves amount, can neither it is overstocked can not be excessively dilute, cultivate reasonable tree body and leaf curtain structure, promote ventilation and penetrating light, together
When can reduce consumption of the browse to nutrient, relax the contradiction that nutrient is fought between young sprout and flowers and fruits, photosynthate is tried one's best use
In cultivating healthy and strong skeleton and yielding positive results, the difficulty of the anti-disease pest and weed of flower and fruit protecting is reduced, to expand photosynthetic area, improve photosynthetic
Intensity, ventilation and penetrating light, reasonable nutrient distribution, improve percentage of fertile fruit, yield, quality and production efficiency.
Dense planting jujube garden is not pruned because of the year that trimming and finishing is not in place or has, and causes solely dry upright, hair branch less, hair branch mistake
Height, tree body get bumper crops substantially skeleton missing；Some overweight coronary dilatations of pruning are slow；Some jujube heads are grown thickly, on foot consumption nutrition, and influence ventilation is saturating
Light；Pay attention to the winter to cut, despise summer pruning, not in time, nutrient growth is excessively prosperous, and Secondary Branch is thin and weak, bears fruit tired for bud picking, pinching, drawing branch
It is difficult；Plant strain growth space is limited, and the workload such as winter cutting back, summer bud picking pinching taken for control nutrient growth is got over
Come bigger, peasant does not grasp also to pruning technique, tree-like culture is slow, and effective setting fruit position is few；Ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and jujube is really
Ripe evening, skin skin jujube ratio is high, and poor quality, price are low, and these are all the key factors for influenceing jujube yield and quality.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, quick, the letter of dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet are completed the invention provides a kind of May then
Just method.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：
Dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method, comprises the following steps：
S1, weight cutting strunk
Many trunks are uprightly grown thickly, upright, Secondary Branch position too high, of poor quality, Secondary Branch lazy weight is solely done or is only had
The tree of skeleton missing that major branch short covering is difficult, hair branch position is too high, tree body is got bumper crops substantially, stays a trunk, 20 centimetres from the ground
Place's weight cutting strunk, remaining is removed；Budding period selects a bud for stalwartness, and remaining is erased, and vertical rod tie down bracket is fixed, it is to avoid windbreak, culture
Done and Secondary Branch in stalwartness；
S2, density
Live Second Year April, by 0.5 meter of grafting of spacing in the rows, the culture trunk shape within 3 meters of line-spacing, line-spacing 4-5 meters of culture
Coronule dredges layer shape；Raw 4-5 meters of line-spacing of setting above retains strain, cultivates the thin layer shape of coronule by 1.5 meters of determinations of spacing in the rows within 3 years；3 meters of line-spacing with
Determine within interior 6th year to retain strain by spacing in the rows 1-1.5 meters, spindle is changed to by trunk shape, remaining crosses more seedlings removal；
S3, short covering
First, two layers of major branch quantity are inadequate, lack the position of branch, and cutting back stays bud or growth before selecting suitable Secondary Branch rudiment
The rudiment of Secondary Branch is given birth in the side of the adjacent major branches of Ji Liyong, and cultivating new jujube head turns into major branch；
S4, stay a heavy pinching
It is long to 3 centimetres for jujube head that control bizet position is sprouted except short then cutting is put head and selected and remain in addition to the key and new jujube head of short covering
When heavy pinching, pluck 1 centimetre of jujube head, two jujubes retained on jujube head hang, and culture lignifying jujube hangs；
S5, pluck the big heart
Before select and remain by the end of May the key new jujube head of culture, it is dry when having 8-9 Secondary Branch cut again in, remove bottom most weak
Secondary Branch, stays 5-6 Secondary Branch to pluck the big heart；Master branch it is long to 5-7 Secondary Branch when stay 3-5 Secondary Branch to pluck the big heart, Secondary Branch
Pinching when being saved according to growing way and the tree-like requirement 5-10 of culture；
S6, retraction, weight cutting back
The tree that jujube stock is aging, yield and quality declines, the perennial new jujube stock of Secondary Branch weight cutting back culture；What major branch was uprightly grown thickly
Tree, first Secondary Branch of major branch is returned contracting, selects bud to cultivate major branch again with lower portion；The tree of major branch base angle the first transaction of a day's business light leg, it is main
The 50-60 centimeters of branch gently bounce back, the Secondary Branch of cutting back corresponding site of laying equal stress on, while cultivating major branch and side shoot；Intersecting between strain
Branch suitably gently bounce back, improve illumination；
S7, drawing branch
Select and remain culture master branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster new jujube head it is long to 30 centimetres when, mid or late May soften the phase take branch, tie up stake
Fixed, even rope hook draws branch to the ground piling of semi-lignified phase after June；New jujube head branch angle of release forms 8 larger results to 90 degree
The free spindle of branch group；Culture coronule dredges the new jujube head branch of layer shape, one layer of major branch spreading angle to 70 degree, two layers of major branch and knot
Fruit branch group spreading angle is fixed in time to 90 degree；
S8, the head control that falls are high
For 4 meters of jujube gardens of line-spacing, year by year by height of tree control within 2.5 meters；2 meters of High Density Planting Orchards of line-spacing, year by year will tree
Height control is at 2.0 meters；The height of tree is reached, the dry and strong prosperous major branch of winter pruning centering is bounced back, shifted at the major branch of flat sideways growth, the summer
Jujube head whole heavy pinching of the season to its top vertical growth, promotes quick coronary dilatation, bottom master branch growth result；
It is S9, three clear
While dormancy season prunes, remove autumn growth, lignifying jujube hang, Secondary Branch from the ground on 30~50 centimetres of trunks and
Sprout tillers.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention is according to jujube biological characteristics and growth-development law, and winter weight cutting strunk, density, short covering, retraction, weight are short
Cut, three clear, the head control that falls it is high, summer pruning is supporting to be stayed a heavy pinching, plucks the big heart, draws branch, solves bloom quick, simple and easy to operate
Tree-like cultural method is imitated, realizes simplifying technology, laborsaving, saving of labor；According to red date nutrient growth and generative growth phase feature, battalion
The core point of the long-term low yield low-quality jujube garden transformation of health is placed on tree structure wavelet, to expand photosynthetic area, raising rate of photosynthisis, lead to
Wind printing opacity, reasonable nutrient distribution are ageing strong；Bottom completes tree structure wavelet within five months, relaxes and nutrient is fought between young sprout and flowers and fruits
Contradiction, makes photosynthate try one's best for cultivating healthy and strong skeleton and yielding positive results, and reduces the difficulty of the anti-disease pest and weed of flower and fruit protecting, six
After month entering the florescence, control measures are concentrated one's energy flower and fruit protecting, improve percentage of fertile fruit, yield, quality and production efficiency.
Specific embodiment
In order that objects and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, the present invention is carried out further with reference to embodiments
Describe in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
Embodiment
Visit 1 group of Shi Tugeman townshiies, 2 squad, 200 mu of (1+2) × 1 meter (3 meter of two wide-narrow row close planting of row in city of Aksu of Xinjiang
Pattern) the fine horse jujube of graftings in 2009 years, more than 400 plants of mu, 4-5 Secondary Branch plucks the big heart, high about 50-70 centimetres, and 2010 are secondary
Done in being cultivated after the whole cutting backs of branch, three scaffold limbs totally four branches, increase branch amount and promote high yield, done in per average annual later within 2012 and
Three scaffold limbs return contracting in 10 centimetres of raw jujube head branch then, and 2-3 Secondary Branch is plucked the big heart, most gone up during new 4-5 Secondary Branch of jujube head
Portion's Secondary Branch outwards, cultivates new jujube head branch result, and 800-1000 kilograms of 2-5 annual per mu yield fine horse jujubes fresh dates convert into half-dried jujube
500-600 kilograms, commodity rate 50-60%；
Because the scaffold limb of garden three is pinching at the 4-5 Secondary Branch after grafting, Second Year cutting back culture three is main greatly
Branch, generally from the ground 25-50 centimetres of major branch, three scaffold limbs of culture do not draw branch, and return contracting year after year, cause the life of jujube tree plexi
Long, new jujube head branch position more and more higher, yield and quality begins to decline.There is within 2014 12 mu of 3 peasant family to implement transformation (the 6th year),
By spacing in the rows, 1 meter is stayed strain, is crossed more seedlings and is excavated；Retain the centimeters of strain 20 weight cutting strunk, select a strong bud (remaining is erased), vertical rod tie down bracket
It is fixed, it is to avoid windbreak, by the end of May during about 1 meter of 8-9 Secondary Branch plant height of new jujube head, 1 Secondary Branch of foot is removed, stay 5-6 individual
Secondary Branch plucks the big heart (extracing 8-10 centimetres of young sprout), and 80-90 centimetres of plant height is done and Secondary Branch in culture stalwartness；Mu in 2014
500 kilograms of fresh dates are produced, 320 kilograms of half-dried jujube, commodity rate more than 75% is converted into.It is dry in 2015 to continue to put new jujube head culture 4-5
Individual Secondary Branch, within full tree 12 Secondary Branchs, 2 meters of plant heights, trunk shape is completed, it is contemplated that 800-1000 kilograms of per mu yield fresh dates, is converted into
500-600 kilograms of half-dried jujube, commodity rate can improve 15-25%.
When Secondary Branch is aging, ability declines, retains 1 row by 3 meters, remove 1 row, retain strain cutting back Secondary Branch, new jujube
2-3 Secondary Branch is stayed to pluck the big heart at first 30 centimetres when 90 degree of angle of release, 4-5 Secondary Branch, 8-10 fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture is formed certainly
By spindle.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. dense planting jujube garden tree structure wavelet method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, weight cutting strunk
Many trunks are uprightly grown thickly, upright, Secondary Branch position too high, of poor quality, Secondary Branch lazy weight or only one of which is solely done
The tree of skeleton missing that major branch short covering is difficult, hair branch position is too high, tree body is got bumper crops substantially, stays a trunk, from the ground 20 centimeters weight
Cutting strunk, remaining is removed；Budding period selects a bud for stalwartness, and remaining is erased, and vertical rod tie down bracket is fixed, it is to avoid windbreak, and culture is healthy and strong
In do and Secondary Branch；
S2, density
Live Second Year April, by 0.5 meter of grafting of spacing in the rows, the culture trunk shape within 3 meters of line-spacing, line-spacing 4-5 meters of culture coronule
Dredge layer shape；Raw 4-5 meters of line-spacing of setting above retains strain, cultivates the thin layer shape of coronule by 1.5 meters of determinations of spacing in the rows within 3 years；Within 3 meters of line-spacing
Determine within 6 years to retain strain by spacing in the rows 1-1.5 meters, spindle is changed to by trunk shape, remaining crosses more seedlings removal；
S3, short covering
First, two layers of major branch quantity are inadequate, lack the position of branch, and cutting back stays bud or Growing season profit before selecting suitable Secondary Branch rudiment
The rudiment of Secondary Branch is given birth to the side of adjacent major branch, cultivating new jujube head turns into major branch；
S4, stay a heavy pinching
It is long to weight at 3 centimetres for jujube head that control bizet position is sprouted except short then cutting is put head and selected and remain in addition to the key and new jujube head of short covering
Pinching, plucks 1 centimetre of jujube head, and two jujubes retained on jujube head hang, and culture lignifying jujube hangs；
S5, pluck the big heart
Before select and remain by the end of May the key new jujube head of culture, it is dry when having 8-9 Secondary Branch cut again in, remove bottom most weak secondary
Branch, stays 5-6 Secondary Branch to pluck the big heart；Master branch it is long to 5-7 Secondary Branch when stay 3-5 Secondary Branch to pluck the big heart, Secondary Branch according to
Pinching when growing way and the tree-like requirement 5-10 of culture are saved；
S6, retraction, weight cutting back
The tree that jujube stock is aging, yield and quality declines, the perennial new jujube stock of Secondary Branch weight cutting back culture；The tree that major branch is uprightly grown thickly,
First Secondary Branch of major branch returns contracting with lower portion, selects bud to cultivate major branch again；The tree of major branch base angle the first transaction of a day's business light leg, major branch
50-60 centimeters gently bounce back, the Secondary Branch of cutting back corresponding site of laying equal stress on, while cultivating major branch and side shoot；The branch intersected between strain
Appropriate light retraction, improves illumination；
S7, drawing branch
Select and remain culture master branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster new jujube head it is long to 30 centimetres when, mid or late May soften the phase take branch, tie up stake consolidate
Fixed, even rope hook draws branch to the ground piling of semi-lignified phase after June；New jujube head branch angle of release forms 8 larger result branches to 90 degree
The free spindle of group；Culture coronule dredges the new jujube head branch of layer shape, one layer of major branch spreading angle to 70 degree, two layers of major branch and result
Branch group spreading angle is fixed in time to 90 degree；
S8, the head control that falls are high
For 4 meters of jujube gardens of line-spacing, year by year by height of tree control within 2.5 meters；2 meters of High Density Planting Orchards of line-spacing, year by year by height of tree control
System is at 2.0 meters；The height of tree is reached, the dry and strong prosperous major branch of winter pruning centering is bounced back, shifted at the major branch of flat sideways growth, summer pair
The jujube head whole heavy pinching of its top vertical growth, promotes quick coronary dilatation, bottom master branch growth result；
It is S9, three clear
While dormancy season prunes, remove autumn growth, lignifying jujube and hang, Secondary Branch from the ground on 30~50 centimetres of trunks and sprout
Tiller.
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| CN109042018A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree |
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| CN106386369A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Dwarfing and dense planting high-yield tree shape for facility dates |
| CN106818177A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of dense planting jujube garden adjusts thin method with age stable yields |
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| CN106857172A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 惠民县新东方现代农业有限责任公司 | A kind of Chinese scholar tree pruning method |
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| CN109691337A (en) * | 2017-10-21 | 2019-04-30 | 镇江市水木年华现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of trimming that pear and date-printing blocks dense planting is tree-like and its cultural method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101715706B (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-04-11 | 天津农学院 | Pruning method of short wall shaped jujube tree |
| MD537Z (en) * | 2012-01-24 | 2013-03-31 | Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы | Process for pruning apple tree branches |
| CN103109715B (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-01-08 | 河北农业大学 | Simplified tree form reforming method suitable for high-density jujube orchard |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109042018A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree |
| CN109042018B (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2020-12-29 | 塔里木大学 | Reforming and shaping method of jujube tree |
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