CN103299875B - V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method - Google Patents
V-shaped grape trellis and grape cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N (4R)-3-[oxo-[(2S)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CSCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1 UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a V-shaped grape trellis and a grape cultivation method. The grape trellis comprises vertical rods which are arranged in a matrix manner, cross arms arranged on the vertical rods and connecting lines for connecting the cross arms, wherein the height of each vertical rod ranges from 1.8 m to 1.9 m, the rod distance between every two vertical rods ranges from 4.0 m to 6.0 m, and a line distance ranges from 2.0 m to 2.6 m; the cross arms are arranged in the positions 50 cm and 100 cm away from the ground, as well as the top of each vertical rod, the lengths of the cross arms are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, and the cross arms include an upper-layer cross arm with the length ranging from 70 cm to 80 cm, a middle-layer cross arm with the length ranging from 50 cm to 60 cm, and a lower-layer cross arm with the length ranging from 30 cm to 40 cm; ends parts of the corresponding cross arms between the vertical rods are horizontally connected through the connecting lines. According to the V-shaped grape trellis and the grape cultivation method, six main-branch V-shaped tree shapes trimmed by the grape trellis have neat buds, multiple growing points and high and stable yields, and the topiary technology is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, particularly a kind of method that makes the grape trellis of grape high-yield and utilize this grape trellis cultivation.
Background technology
Along with growing and scientific and technical the advancing by leaps and bounds of agriculture cultivation technology, the level of viticulture technology is also more and more higher.Existing grape trellis shape is a lot, if traditional T shape stand is at two horizontal lines of T shape vertical rod both sides pull-out, grape tendril is drawn and is attached on stand and horizontal line, this mode tree vigo(u)r growth is prosperous, ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and the fruit quality of tying is not high, can not meet the needs of wine-growing.The Novel grape trellis that also some grape trellis is introduced as Chinese patent 200810194518.8 and Chinese patent 200620078385.4, its grape pruning technique complexity, beginner is difficult for grasping its technical key point.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of V-arrangement grape trellis and grape cultivation method, and the six major branch V-arrangement tree type rudiments that utilize this grape trellis to prune are neat, and growing point is many, energy stable and high yields, and shaping technique is simple, easily operation.
Technical problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of V-arrangement grape trellis, described grape trellis comprises the vertical rod that matrix form is arranged, cross-arm in vertical rod and the connecting line that is connected cross-arm, described vertical rod is highly 1.8-1.9m, bar between vertical rod is apart from 4.0-6.0m, line-spacing 2.0-2.6m, in vertical rod apart from ground 50cm, 100cm and top arrange respectively cross-arm, its length reduces from top to bottom successively, be called upper strata cross-arm, middle level cross-arm and lower floor's cross-arm, wherein, upper strata cross-arm is 70-80cm, middle level cross-arm 50-60cm, lower floor's cross-arm length is 30-40cm, the end of corresponding cross-arm connecting line level connection joint between vertical rod.
Above-mentioned V-arrangement grape trellis, the bar between described vertical rod is apart from 4.5-5.5m, line-spacing 2.2-2.4m, and bar density is 56-61/667m
2.
Above-mentioned V-arrangement grape trellis, described connecting line is iron wire or zinc-coated wire.
A kind of grape cultivation method, it utilizes described V-arrangement grape trellis, and vine is trimmed to six major branch V-arrangement tree types, described six major branch V-arrangement tree types are to cultivate two side shoots of V-arrangement in vine bottom: V-arrangement left side branch and V-arrangement right side branch, on each side shoot, turn out respectively three branches, form six major branches, all the other branches are erased from base portion.
Above-mentioned grape cultivation method, it also comprises: when the winter cuts by six branches at connecting line place cutting back corresponding to lower floor's cross-arm; After Second Year rudiment in spring, each major branch stays 2-3 bud uprightly to draw to tie up on middle level cross-arm and connecting line corresponding to upper strata cross-arm; To there being the branch of fruit ear, the pinching of 3-5 sheet leaf is stayed on fruit ear top, and the sublateral shoot germinating between the following axil of fruit ear is erased from base portion, and the sublateral shoot germinating between the above axil of fruit ear is stayed to the pinching of a slice leaf; To stay the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf without the branch of fruit ear, the sublateral shoot germinating between axil is erased from base portion.
Scientific utilization of the present invention the strong feature of grape polar growth, whole all vertical growths of branch in six major branch V-arrangement tree types, have solved other tree type top in spring branch germination rate high, bottom branch eye is not sprouted, the vigorous growth of grape top, the phenomenon of bottom baldness.Tree type of the present invention is short, because ground vertical rod is highly 180-190cm, the sagging rear height of grape branch is generally 160-170cm, be easy to carry out the operation of the field such as vegetables and fruits, pinching, and to cut branch length consistent because of the winter, the positions are conformed to each other of yielding positive results, setting fruit position is mostly apart from 60-70cm place, ground, fruit ear is straight line, is easy to gather time and labour saving.
Grape is planted and can be become six major branch V-arrangement tree types by trimming and finishing in latter 1 year, and shaping technique is simple, and grower easily operates.First Year upwards uprightly draws and ties up newborn branch spring, stays 2-3 bud to cut cut when the winter cuts to annotinous branch.The hibernaculum that the Second Year winter in spring is cut reservation can sprout, and rudiment is neat, and effectively growing point is many, and start result and can reach high yield, be the tree type of stable and high yields.
The set grape trellis of the present invention is made up of three cross-arms in vertical rod and vertical rod, three cross-arms increase from bottom to top successively, the end of the each cross-arm between adjacent vertical rod is connected by connecting line level, form three layers of climbing layer of grape tendril, be respectively upper strata climbing layer, middle level climbing layer, lower floor's climbing layer.When winter cuts by branch at connecting line place cutting back corresponding to lower floor's cross-arm; After Second Year rudiment in spring, branch is upwards grown, in being respectively fixed to certain altitude, connecting line place that upper strata cross-arm is corresponding, the branch of grape tendril further growth is distributed on upper, middle and lower-ranking climbing layer, illuminating area is large, branch daylighting is evenly reasonable, and the vine type of formation has ventilation, feature that light transmission is good, can improve the output of grape and the quality of fruit.Wherein, lower floor's climbing layer has the function of fixing grape bottom branch and fixing fruit ear, the function of middle level climbing layer fixing middle part branch and load-bearing fruit ear, and upper strata climbing layer is mainly fixing grape top branch, rationally daylighting, ensures that blade carries out sufficient photosynthesis simultaneously.The inserted part of fruit ear concentrates between middle level and lower floor's climbing layer, due to covering of middle level and upper strata climbing layer blade, has avoided the calcination of direct sunlight to fruit, makes fruit coloring good, and profile is good.
The present invention adopts tree types of vertical growth of skeleton branch, is applicable to dense planting, and yield per unit area is high.The plot of every mu of field planting 350-380 strain, field planting Second Year can obtain 2000 kilograms of output; Within the 3rd year, can realize every year afterwards stable yields more than 3000 kilograms, be suitable for northern facility cultivation and the south not higher density outdoor cropping in soil burial winter protection area in winter.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of grape support body of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of vine type of the present invention.
In figure, each list of reference numerals is: 1, cross-arm, 2, connecting line, 3, grape branch, 4, V-arrangement right side branch, 5, V-arrangement left side branch, 6, vertical rod.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, grape trellis of the present invention is built: grape trellis comprises the cross-arm 1 and the connecting line 2 that is connected cross-arm 1 in vertical rod 6, the vertical rod 6 that matrix form arranges.Wherein the bar between vertical rod 6 is apart from 4.0-6.0 rice, line-spacing 2.0-2.6 rice.Be preferably bar apart from 4.5-5.5 rice, line-spacing 2.2-2.4 rice.Bar density is preferably 56-61/667m
2.Vertical rod 6 is highly 2.3-2.5m, buries native 50-60cm, and ground vertical rod is highly 180-190cm.Lower floor's cross-arm that length is 30-40cm is established in vertical rod 6 apart from 50cm place, ground, establish the middle level cross-arm of length 50-60cm apart from 100cm place, ground, and the upper strata cross-arm of length 70-80cm is established at vertical rod top.In every a line vertical rod, connecting line 2 level connection joints are used respectively in two ends of lower floor's cross-arm between adjacent two vertical rods 6, middle level cross-arm, upper strata cross-arm, form three layers of climbing layer of grape tendril, be called upper strata climbing layer, middle level climbing layer and lower floor's climbing layer, make V-arrangement grape trellis.Connecting line 2 can be iron wire or zinc-coated wire.
As shown in Figure 2, tree type is cultivated: grape seedlings is planted between two vertical rods, planting density: spacing in the rows 0.5-1.0m, line-spacing 2.0-2.6m, preferably spacing in the rows 0.6-0.8m, line-spacing 2.2-2.4m, the 4-10 strain vine of can planting between two vertical rods of every row, is preferably the 6-8 strain of planting.Grape planting density is 350-500 plant/acre, and preferably planting density is 350-370 plant/acre.
After grape seedlings field planting survives, apart from ground 20cm place pinching; V-arrangement is cultivated two side shoots, i.e. V-arrangement left side branch 5 and V-arrangement right side branch 4, pinching respectively in the time that two side shoots grow to 20 centimetres.On V-arrangement left side branch 5, cultivate a branch apart from a side of V-arrangement base portion 10 centimeters, cultivate again a branch apart from the opposite side of V-arrangement base portion 20 centimeters, the elongated shoot of V-arrangement left side branch 5 is cultivated into the 3rd branch, and all the other branches are erased from base portion.Meanwhile, on V-arrangement right side branch 4, cultivate equally.Three branches are respectively cultivated in both sides thus, cultivate into the tree type of six major branch V-arrangements.
Prune and management: when the winter cuts to six branches at connecting line place cutting back corresponding to lower floor's cross-arm.After Second Year rudiment in spring, each major branch is stayed two to three buds uprightly to draw to tie up on the connecting line that middle level cross-arm, upper strata cross-arm are corresponding.To there being the branch of fruit ear, the pinching of 3-5 sheet leaf is stayed on fruit ear top, stays afterwards the pinching repeatedly of 2-3 sheet leaf, and the sublateral shoot germinating between the following axil of fruit ear is erased from base portion, and the sublateral shoot germinating between the above axil of fruit ear is stayed to the pinching of a slice leaf; To stay the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf without the branch of fruit ear, then stay the pinching repeatedly of 2-3 sheet leaf, the sublateral shoot germinating between axil is erased from base portion.
Embodiment 1
The luxuriant mountain village of Hebei province's Mancheng County, spring in 2010 0.9 mu of planting greenhouse grape, kind is the U.S. summer 40.Booth is high 2.8 meters, wide 9 meters, long 70 meters, the vertical rod of internal arrangement cement, bar is high 1.9 meters, and bar is apart from 5 meters, 2.4 meters of line-spacings, it is lower floor's cross-arm, middle level cross-arm, the upper strata cross-arm of 40 centimetres, 60 centimetres, 80 centimetres that vertical rod sets gradually length from bottom to up, each cross arm end iron wire level connection joint.Between vertical rod, plant grape, 0.6 meter of spacing in the rows, 2.4 meters of line-spacings, field planting 400 strains altogether.Adopt six major branch V-arrangement tree types.Field planting then tree type shaping completes, by the end of November to six major branches, 3 centimeters cutting backs above first iron wire corresponding to lower floor's cross-arm.December 20, button canopy heated up gradually, and on January 20th, 2011 starts rudiment, bloom by the end of February, and grape maturity by the end of May, 1800 kilograms of malagas,, take in 3.7 ten thousand yuan by 25 yuan/kilogram.
Within 2011, strengthened fertilizing amount, ground organic fertilizer 6 sides, manually detained and turned over mid-April, organic fertilizer 15 sides that ditch September, and 3110 kilograms of malagas in 2012, take in 60,000 yuan.
Embodiment 2
20 mu of grapes of stone forest autonomous county of Yunnan Province field planting in 2011, kind is rich glad No. 1.10 mu adopt six major branch V-arrangement tree types, 10 mu of employing hedge-frame tree types.0.7 meter of spacing in the rows, 2.6 meters of line-spacings, 350 of every mu of each field planting.Within 2012, start result, six 12100 kilograms of major branch V-arrangement tree type plot common property grapes, 1210 kilograms of average yield per mus, 7990 kilograms of hedge-frame tree type plot common property grapes, 799 kilograms of average yield per mus, every per mu yield differs 411 kilograms.Six major branch V-arrangement tree types are compared with wattled fence frame tree type, and every per mu yield improves 51%, and single fringe is brought up again high by 18%, reduce the amount of labour used and reach 56% when the winter cuts, and prune the few recruitment 20% of management.Grape maturity at the beginning of 2013 5 months, six 31300 kilograms of major branch V-arrangement tree type plot malagas, 25200 kilograms of wattled fence frame tree type plot malagas, output differs 6100 kilograms.
Table 1 grape six major branch V-arrangement tree types in 2012 and the comparison of wattled fence frame tree type data
Note: average fringe is heavily to select at random 100 even fruit ears, weighs and asks its mean value.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is utilized V-arrangement grape trellis to carry out viticultural method, described V-arrangement grape trellis comprises the vertical rod (6) that matrix form is arranged, cross-arm (1) in vertical rod (6) and the connecting line (2) that is connected cross-arm (1), it is characterized in that, vertical rod (6) in described V-arrangement grape trellis is highly 1.8-1.9m, bar between vertical rod is apart from 4.0-6.0m, line-spacing 2.0-2.6m, in vertical rod (6) apart from ground 50cm, 100cm and top arrange respectively cross-arm, be called upper strata cross-arm, middle level cross-arm and lower floor's cross-arm, wherein, lower floor's cross-arm length is 30-40cm, middle level cross-arm length is 50-60cm, upper strata cross-arm length is 70-80cm, connecting line for end (2) level connection joint of corresponding cross-arm (1) between vertical rod,
Prune and carry out as follows:
Utilize described V-arrangement grape trellis that vine is trimmed to six major branch V-arrangement tree types, described six major branch V-arrangement tree types are to cultivate two side shoots of V-arrangement in bottom viny: i.e. V-arrangement left side branch (5) and V-arrangement right side branch (4); On each side shoot, turn out respectively three branches, form six major branches, all the other branches are erased from base portion;
When winter cuts by six branches at connecting line place cutting back corresponding to lower floor's cross-arm; After Second Year rudiment in spring, each major branch stays 2-3 bud uprightly to draw to tie up on middle level cross-arm and connecting line corresponding to upper strata cross-arm; To there being the branch of fruit ear, the pinching of 3-5 sheet leaf is stayed on fruit ear top, and the sublateral shoot germinating between the following axil of fruit ear is erased from base portion, and the sublateral shoot germinating between the above axil of fruit ear is stayed to the pinching of a slice leaf; To stay the pinching of 8-10 sheet leaf without the branch of fruit ear, the sublateral shoot germinating between axil is erased from base portion.
2. the V-arrangement grape trellis that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out grape cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the bar between described vertical rod (6) is apart from 4.5-5.5m, line-spacing 2.2-2.4m, and bar density is 56-61/667m
2.
3. the V-arrangement grape trellis that utilizes according to claim 2 carries out grape cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described connecting line (2) is iron wire or zinc-coated wire.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110178635A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of single layer both arms factory font grape shaping methods |
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| CN111684983B (en) * | 2020-08-02 | 2023-10-24 | 安徽鲁班建设投资集团有限公司 | Assembled fast-assembling grape trellis and construction method |
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