CN109328850A - Grape shaping and trimming method - Google Patents
Grape shaping and trimming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109328850A CN109328850A CN201811519405.0A CN201811519405A CN109328850A CN 109328850 A CN109328850 A CN 109328850A CN 201811519405 A CN201811519405 A CN 201811519405A CN 109328850 A CN109328850 A CN 109328850A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- pinching
- cross
- sublateral shoot
- shoot
- arm
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of grape shaping and trimming methods, and include the steps that summer pruning and winter pruning: summer pruning is as follows: frame type, only son and heir's plant, subsection filter strengthen the tip, fruiting vine culture, the climing culture of preparation;The step of winter pruning is as follows: fruiting vine long cane pruning, stays 2 bud cutting backs, the next winter trimming at the climing trimming of preparation: pruning of the invention is simple, laborsaving convenience, easily operated, and fruiting vine updates every year, and branch age is light, and as a result good, quality is excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low Labor-saving shaping and trimming methods doing short hat V-type frame and getting bumper crops year after year of grape.
Background technique
The most regional grapes in the whole nation do not update for many years at present, and as a result female climing branch age is big, as a result few, poor quality, and disease is more.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides that a kind of can to update the grape pruning that fruiting vine, branch age are light, result is good every year simple.It realizes
The technical solution of above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
Grape shaping and trimming method, including summer pruning and winter pruning;
Wherein, the step of (one) summer pruning is as follows:
(1) construction of frame type is carried out first:
It include: that number arranges spaced cement pole group, every row's cement pole group includes several spaced cement poles;
At away from ground 100-120cm height, in every row's cement pole group, between adjacent two cement poles draw set first of iron
Silk;
At first of iron wire 25-30cm height of distance, first cross-arm is set up respectively on adjacent two cement poles, and
The vertical cement pole setting of first cross-arm;
It is support with two first cross-arms, sets up two second iron wires respectively between two first cross-arms, two
Bar second iron wire is parallel, interval is fixed on the first cross-arm;
Second cross-arm is set up respectively at second iron wire 25-30cm height, on adjacent two cement poles, and
The vertical cement pole setting of second cross-arm;
It is support with two second cross-arms, sets up two third road iron wires respectively between second cross-arm, two articles the
Three iron wires are parallel, interval are fixed on the second cross-arm;
(2) only son and heir transplants: the plant fruit seedling being spaced in the open country or greenhouse under frame type, the corresponding row of row's cement pole group
Fruit seedling;
(3) the subsection filter shape tip: when fruit seedling main stem extending head grows to first of iron wire 15-20cm of 0.4-0.6m and distance
When height distance, first time pinching is carried out, two sublateral shoots in top are stayed after pinching, one of sublateral shoot is climing for cultivation results, separately
One sublateral shoot is climing for cultivating preparation;
(4) fruiting vine culture: the sublateral shoot of climing culture as a result being drawn along row and is tied up on first of iron wire, when fruiting vine is trained
When feeding sublateral shoot extending head connects with the fruiting vine sublateral shoot extending head of adjacent fruit seedling, pinching control growth, at this time when fruiting vine is trained
Feeding sublateral shoot extending head no longer extends;Remaining the side sublateral shoot sprouted on the sublateral shoot, is selected and remain according to spacing 20-30cm;
Over time, side sublateral shoot needs to carry out segmentation pinching;Segmentation pinching wherein is carried out according to the specification of 5-3-2,
That is first time top sublateral shoot stays 5 leaf pinching, second of top sublateral shoot it is long to 3 leaf when pinching again, the growth of third time top sublateral shoot
Pinching when to 2 leaf, is strapped on second iron wire or third road iron wire after each pinching according to sublateral shoot growth length respectively, controls
Prosperous growth, ventilation and penetrating light cultivate second year sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot;
(5) the climing culture of preparation: doing the climing culture of preparation for another sublateral shoot, when sublateral shoot extending head it is long to 45-50cm when first
Secondary pinching, later every growth 45-50cm pinching is primary, and extending head is vertically drawn and tied up in second iron wire by continuous pinching 2-3 times
On, it will appear sublateral shoot after each pinching of extending head, the sublateral shoot occurred after first time pinching stays 5-6 leaf pinching, after second of pinching
The sublateral shoot of appearance stays 3 leaf pinching, and the sublateral shoot occurred after third time pinching stays 1-2 leaf repeated topping;
(2) the step of winter pruning is as follows:
(1) First Year winter pruning: fruiting vine long cane pruning: retain 8-12 bud fruiting vine and repaired December in winter
It cuts, sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot, the following sublateral shoot of first of iron wire are all wiped out in fruiting vine, the above sublateral shoot result of first of iron wire;The
Secondary slightly bearing basal shoot on one of iron wire stays a bearing basal shoot every 25-30cm, and sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot rugosity is in 0.8-1.2cm
Between, take 2 buds to trim, the insufficient sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot of rugosity stays simple bud to cultivate;
The next spring, each sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot stay 2 buds, select and remain two young sprouts, respectively tie up young sprout to the first cross
Carry on a shoulder pole both sides;
The climing trimming of preparation: staying 2 bud cutting backs, after rudiment, selects and remain 2 young sprouts, culture second year fruiting vine and preparation are climing, culture
Method is identical as First Year winter pruning;
(2) the next winter is trimmed:
Result task is completed in the fruiting vine of First Year, and the fruiting vine of First Year is all wiped out;By second year culture
Fruiting vine, which retains as a result, the preparation of second year culture is climing, continues to stay 2 buds to trim, and culture third annual bearing is climing and preparation is climing.
Facility grape is relatively high at flower section, according to open country grape short cane pruning, is easy to appear phenomenon of alternating bear,
Subsection filter of the present invention is strong slightly, and only climing culture, segmentation pinching promotees flower, and winter long cane pruning solves facility grape and alternates bear
Problem is able to maintain facility grape high and stable yield year after year.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure number explanation: cement pole 1, first of iron wire 2, the first cross-arm 3, second iron wire 4, the second cross-arm 5, third
Road iron wire 6;
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Firstly the need of frame type, network structure is as shown in Figure 1:
Frame type is the shelf for setting up grape seedlings on the ground and climbing upwards comprising number arranges spaced cement pole group,
Every row's cement pole group includes several spaced cement poles 1;The cement pole group interval of every row is arranged in parallel, and the present invention is with one
The explanation of structure is carried out for row's cement pole group.
At away from ground 100-120cm, preferably 110cm height, in every row's cement pole group, on adjacent two cement poles 1
First of iron wire 2 is set;For the convenience of description, two adjacent cement poles 1 are referred to as the first cement pole, the second cement
Under bar will include the first cement pole of multiple groups and the second cement pole in one row's cement pole group, and the second cement pole can also become
One group of first adjacent cement pole, and so on;
At first of iron wire 30cm height of distance, in adjacent two cement poles, i.e. the first cement pole 1-1, the second cement pole
Set up first cross-arm 3 on 1-2 respectively, and the vertical cement pole 1 of the first cross-arm 3 is arranged, 3 length of the first cross-arm 1-1.5m it
Between, preferably the first cross-arm length is 1.1m, and the first cross-arm 3 forms the foundation pile for setting up iron wire;The freedom at the first cross-arm of distance both ends
It holds and sets up two second iron wires 4 at the position 5cm, respectively between two first cross-arms 3, twice second iron wire 4 is set in parallel
It sets;At second iron wire 30cm height, set up second cross-arm 5 respectively on adjacent two cement poles, and second is horizontal
5 vertical cement poles 1 are carried on a shoulder pole to be arranged;At the free end position 5cm at 5 both ends of the second cross-arm of distance, respectively between two second cross-arms 5
Set up two third road iron wires 6;Second cross-arm, 5 to the first cross-arm 3 is longer, and 5 length of the second cross-arm is excellent between 1.2-2m
Choosing is 1.4m, and after third road iron wire 6 is set up well, the height of third road iron wire 6 to ground is between 1.5-2m, preferably 1.7m,
The height of i.e. entire frame type is 1.7m.
Cement pole interval in every row's cement pole group is 4-6 meters, and 40 or so cement poles are about arranged on soil per acre
1。
Cultivation description is just carried out after the completion of frame type, specific:
(1) only son and heir transplants: frame type is carried out on open country or facility (greenhouse or heliogreenhouse), frame type is after the completion in every draining
Fruit seedling is planted below mud bar group, preferred fructo seedling is grape seedlings, and the spacing in the rows between grape seedlings is 2.5m-3.5m, between row and row
Line-spacing is 0.8m-1.2m, transplants grape 200-220 plants or so per acre.
(2) the subsection filter shape tip: after the completion of the cultivation of fruit seedling, in every plant of fruit seedling growth course, when main stem extending head is grown to
0.4-0.6 meters, when first of iron wire 20cm of distance or so, first time pinching is carried out, two sublateral shoots in top are stayed after pinching, wherein one
A cultivation results are climing, another culture preparation is climing.Pinching is carried out when main stem extending head generally grows to 0.6m to be preferred.
(4) fruiting vine culture: the sublateral shoot of climing culture as a result is drawn along row and is tied up on first of iron wire, when every plant of grape
(i.e. it is big to reach spacing in the rows for sublateral shoot extending head length when seedling sublateral shoot extending head connects with the sublateral shoot extending head of next plant of adjacent grape seedlings
Hour, docked with the sublateral shoot extending head of next plant of grape seedlings), pinching control growth, sublateral shoot extending head no longer extends.Extending head is every
It will appear sublateral shoot after secondary pinching, remaining the side sublateral shoot sprouted on the sublateral shoot is selected and remain according to the specification of spacing 20-30cm, at any time
Passage is segmented pinching.The sublateral shoot of each young sprout can be divided into top sublateral shoot and two kinds of side sublateral shoot, therefore sprouted on sublateral shoot
Remaining side sublateral shoot is also required to carry out pinching processing;
The pinching of side sublateral shoot is specific as follows: be segmented pinching according to 5-3-2, i.e. first time top sublateral shoot stays 5 leaf pinching, the
The top sublateral shoot occurred after secondary pinching stays the pinching again of 3 leaves, and the top sublateral shoot occurred after third time pinching stays 2 leaf pinching, this
After stay 1 leaf repeated topping control growth;It is strapped in (first, second iron wire respectively according to sublateral shoot growth length after each pinching
Cross-arm both sides) or third road iron wire (second cross-arm both sides) on, control prosperous growth, ventilation and penetrating light, cultivate second year sublateral shoot result
Female branch;
(5) the climing culture of preparation:
The climing culture of preparation: doing the climing culture of preparation for another sublateral shoot, when the climing extending head of preparation it is long to 45-50cm when for the first time
Pinching, later every growth 45-50cm pinching is primary, continuous pinching 2-3 times, and the climing extending head of preparation is vertically drawn upwards and is tied up the
On one of iron wire, promotes prepared length of overgrowing, will appear sublateral shoot after each pinching of extending head, the top pair occurred after first time pinching
The tip stays 5-6 leaf pinching, and the top sublateral shoot occurred after second of pinching stays 3 leaf pinching, the top sublateral shoot occurred after third time pinching
Stay 1-2 leaf repeated topping (leaf blade size at all pinching positions is the 1/3 of normal leaf blade size);
In climing extending head length of preparation to 50cm or so, first time pinching can be very good to control subsequent growth.
The specific steps of winter pruning are specifically described again below:
(1) First Year winter pruning:
Fruiting vine long cane pruning: December in winter, fruiting vine retain 8-12 bud and are trimmed, the sublateral shoot result in fruiting vine
The following sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot of female branch, first of iron wire is all wiped out, and the above sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot of first of iron wire is every 25-30cm
A sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot is stayed, sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot rugosity takes 2 buds to trim, the insufficient pair of rugosity preferably 0.8-1.2cm
Tip bearing basal shoot, stays simple bud to cultivate.
The next spring, each sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot stay 2 buds, select and remain two young sprouts, respectively tie up young sprout to the first cross
The both sides of load.
The climing trimming of preparation: staying 2 bud cutting backs, after rudiment, selects and remain 2 young sprouts, culture second year fruiting vine and preparation are climing, culture
Method is identical as the fruiting vine culture in step 4, the climing culture of preparation in step 5.
(2) the next winter is trimmed:
Result task is completed in the fruiting vine of First Year, and the fruiting vine of First Year is all wiped out.By second year culture
Fruiting vine, which retains as a result, the preparation of second year culture is climing, continues to stay 2 buds to trim, and culture third annual bearing is climing and climing (the result of preparation
Cultural method climing and that preparation is climing is all identical).Reach fruiting vine to update every year, branch age is light, and as a result good, quality is excellent, pruning
Simply, laborsaving convenience, it is easily operated.
The scope of application of the present invention: northwest, drought in North China semiarid zone open country and the huge peak system grape of facility (Ju Feng, summer be black,
Family too No. eight, huge rose, capital is sub-, liquor-saturated gold is fragrant) kind is applicable in, be also suitble to it is red mention, early black treasured, Rizamat, Hei Baladuo, huge rose
It is rare, summer black equal Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes.
It is had the advantages that using method of the invention
(1) grape result mother is climing, and annual to update once, as a result female climing branch age is light, and quality is good, and yield is high, and disease is few.It carries out
The female climing dynamic of grape result updates, and changes national most regional grapes and does not update for many years, and as a result female climing branch age is big, as a result few,
Poor quality, the more bad situations of disease have very strong reference to national grape industry.
(2) facility grape is relatively high at flower section, according to open country grape short cane pruning, is easy to appear and alternates bear now
As taking the above measure, only climing culture, segmentation pinching promotees flower, winter long cane pruning, solves facility grape and alternates bear and asks
Topic, is able to maintain facility grape high and stable yield year after year.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the embodiment of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention embodiment, all at this
Within the spirit and principle of inventive embodiments, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should be included in of the invention real
It applies in the protection scope of example.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of grape shaping and trimming method, it is characterised in that: including summer pruning and winter pruning;Wherein, (one) summer repairs
The step of cutting is as follows:
(1) construction of frame type is carried out first:
It include: that number arranges spaced cement pole group, every row's cement pole group includes several spaced cement poles;
At away from ground 100-120cm height, in every row's cement pole group, between adjacent two cement poles draw set first of iron wire;
At first of iron wire 25-30cm height of distance, first cross-arm, and first are set up respectively on adjacent two cement poles
The vertical cement pole setting of cross-arm;
It is support with two first cross-arms, sets up two second iron wires respectively between two first cross-arms, two articles the
Two iron wires are parallel, interval are fixed on the first cross-arm;
At second iron wire 25-30cm height, set up second cross-arm, and second respectively on adjacent two cement poles
The vertical cement pole setting of cross-arm;
It is support with two second cross-arms, sets up two third road iron wires, two third roads respectively between second cross-arm
Iron wire is parallel, interval is fixed on the second cross-arm;
(2) only son and heir transplants: the plant fruit seedling being spaced in the open country or greenhouse under frame type, the corresponding row fruit of row's cement pole group
Seedling;
(3) the subsection filter shape tip: when fruit seedling main stem extending head grows to first of iron wire 15-20cm height of 0.4-0.6m and distance
Apart from when, carry out first time pinching, stayed after pinching top two sublateral shoots, one of sublateral shoot for cultivation results it is climing, another
Sublateral shoot is climing for cultivating preparation;
(4) fruiting vine culture: the sublateral shoot of climing culture as a result is drawn along row and is tied up on first of iron wire, when fruiting vine culture
When sublateral shoot extending head connects with the fruiting vine sublateral shoot extending head of adjacent fruit seedling, pinching control growth, at this time when fruiting vine culture
Sublateral shoot extending head no longer extends;Remaining the side sublateral shoot sprouted on the sublateral shoot, is selected and remain according to spacing 20-30cm;
Over time, the side sublateral shoot selected and remain according to spacing needs to carry out segmentation pinching;It is segmented according to the specification of 5-3-2
5 leaf pinching, pinching again when second of top sublateral shoot stays 3 leaf are stayed in pinching, i.e. first time top sublateral shoot, and third time top sublateral shoot stays
2 leaf pinching are strapped on second iron wire or third road iron wire after each pinching according to sublateral shoot growth length respectively, are controlled prosperous
Long, ventilation and penetrating light cultivates second year sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot;
(5) the climing culture of preparation: doing the climing culture of preparation for another sublateral shoot, when sublateral shoot extending head it is long to 45-50cm when pluck for the first time
The heart, later every growth 45-50cm pinching is primary, and extending head is vertically drawn and tied up on second iron wire, prolonged by continuous pinching 2-3 times
It will appear sublateral shoot after the long each pinching of head, the sublateral shoot occurred after first time pinching stays 5-6 leaf pinching, occurs after second of pinching
Sublateral shoot stays 3 leaf pinching, and the sublateral shoot occurred after third time pinching stays 1-2 leaf repeated topping;
(2) the step of winter pruning is as follows:
(1) First Year winter pruning: fruiting vine long cane pruning: retain 8-12 bud fruiting vine and trimmed, tied December in winter
The climing upper sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot of fruit, the following sublateral shoot of first of iron wire are all wiped out, the above sublateral shoot result of first of iron wire;First of iron
Secondary slightly bearing basal shoot on silk stays a bearing basal shoot every 25-30cm, sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot rugosity between 0.8-1.2cm,
2 buds are taken to trim, the insufficient sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot of rugosity stays simple bud to cultivate;
The next spring, each sublateral shoot bearing basal shoot stay 2 buds, select and remain two young sprouts, respectively tie up young sprout to the first cross-arm two
Side;
The climing trimming of preparation: staying 2 bud cutting backs, after rudiment, selects and remain 2 young sprouts, culture second year fruiting vine and climing, the cultural method of preparation
It is identical as First Year winter pruning;
(2) the next winter is trimmed:
Result task is completed in the fruiting vine of First Year, and the fruiting vine of First Year is all wiped out;By the result of second year culture
It is climing retain as a result, the preparation of second year culture is climing continue to stay 2 buds to trim, culture third annual bearing is climing and preparation is climing.
2. grape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: between second iron wire and the first cross-arm
The first cross-arm of tie point distance free end distance be 5-10cm.
3. grape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: between third road iron wire and the second cross-arm
The second cross-arm of tie point distance free end distance be 5-10cm.
4. grape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the length of second cross-arm is longer than first
The length of cross-arm.
5. grape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: first cross-arm is 1.1 meters long, described
The long 1.4m of second cross-arm.
6. grape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: spacing in the rows between fruit seedling 2m-4m it
Between;Line-spacing is between 0.8m-1.0m.
7. grape shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fruit seedling is grape seedlings.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201811519405.0A CN109328850A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Grape shaping and trimming method |
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CN201811519405.0A CN109328850A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Grape shaping and trimming method |
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CN109328850A true CN109328850A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
Family
ID=65303600
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CN201811519405.0A Pending CN109328850A (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Grape shaping and trimming method |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109699390A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | A kind of vinegrowing modification method changing frame Y type frame gesture based on no main stem sector frame |
CN111165260A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-19 | 菏泽学院 | Bird-shaped frame cultivation method for simple cold-shed sunlight rose grapes with four main tendrils in plain |
CN112335482A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Pavilion type planting structure and planting method for sightseeing and picking grapes |
CN112425442A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-02 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Pruning and trimming method for grape facility cultivation |
CN114885741A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 衢州市衢江区炫宇家庭农场 | Grape shaping and quality-improving cultivation method |
CN112335482B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2024-04-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Grape sightseeing picking garden house type planting structure and planting method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109699390A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-03 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | A kind of vinegrowing modification method changing frame Y type frame gesture based on no main stem sector frame |
CN111165260A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-19 | 菏泽学院 | Bird-shaped frame cultivation method for simple cold-shed sunlight rose grapes with four main tendrils in plain |
CN112335482A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Pavilion type planting structure and planting method for sightseeing and picking grapes |
CN112335482B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2024-04-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Grape sightseeing picking garden house type planting structure and planting method thereof |
CN112425442A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-02 | 句容市乡土树种研究所 | Pruning and trimming method for grape facility cultivation |
CN114885741A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-12 | 衢州市衢江区炫宇家庭农场 | Grape shaping and quality-improving cultivation method |
CN114885741B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-08-29 | 衢州市衢江区炫宇家庭农场 | Grape shaping and quality improving cultivation method |
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