CN102388781B - High-vertical-rack grape cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN102388781B CN102388781B CN 201110269257 CN201110269257A CN102388781B CN 102388781 B CN102388781 B CN 102388781B CN 201110269257 CN201110269257 CN 201110269257 CN 201110269257 A CN201110269257 A CN 201110269257A CN 102388781 B CN102388781 B CN 102388781B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-vertical-rack grape cultivation method, which comprises the following steps that after young shoots grow out of a grape seedling, a robust shoot is selected, guided and tied on a vertical bar and is used as a trunk to cultivate, and when the trunk grows to an extent exceeding a bearing line, the top end of the trunk is removed and pinched; side shoots below pinching positions are selected as a main vine to cultivate along the direction of the bearing line and are tied on the bearing line; medium and short shoot branch groups are cultivated on the two sides of the main vine in a staggered way, buds on the branch groups are cultivated as bearing branches or foliage branches, the foliage branches and preparatory branches are not specially cultivated, all bearing branches and foliage branches on the branch groups are not artificially tied and bearing branches which bear fruits in the same year are used as permanent bearing branches to cultivate; and when the young shoots of the medium and short shoot branch groups are semi-lignified, the young shoots are kept to grow horizontally or obliquely downwards through artificial shoot twisting. Compared with the existing grape cultivation rack cultivation method, the high-vertical-rack grape cultivation method has the advantages that more labor and line materials are saved, the mechanical pruning is facilitated, the growth vigor is naturally alleviated, the development of branches is good, the quality of fruits is high, the high yield and the stable yield are facilitated and the popularization and the implementation are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grape cultivation method, especially a kind of high vertical rack grape cultivation method.
Background technology
Traditional viticulture posture has hedge frame, frame, and is drilled by this class posture and give birth to the single stand form, two stand, T-shaped, diesis frame, greenhouse frame, pony set, canopy stand etc.As: wide top hedge frame (T-shaped), add a 60-100 centimetre of cross bar at the top of single hedge post setting, make hedge frame section be the T font, draw 1-2 road lifting-line in the upstanding portion of pillar, respectively draw one city online at the two ends of cross bar, grape level dragon does first bondage on the pillar galvanized wire, and the young sprout that the short bearing basal shoot on dragon does grows first draws to be tied up on the twice galvanized wire on cross bar, and then naturally droops growth.Adopt existing viticulture posture to produce, the season of growth needs more manually carry out respectively 2-3 bondage young sprout and pinching pruning work, to the vigorous grape variety of growth potential, input is tied up the manually more of the tip, pinching, trimming leaf, can't control growth potential by plant shoot growth direction, and be not easy to mechanization and prune, it is more that unit are drops into wire rod.Chinese patent application 201010033322.8 discloses a kind of trellis type grape cultivation method attempts to address the above problem, but still has the problems such as artificial input amount is large, the wire rod aequum is many, method is complicated.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high vertical rack grape cultivation method, compares with existing rack grape cultivation method: be at first by the short-and-medium tip branch group of staggered cultivation the master of grape is climing; Fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot are cultivated in rudiment on short-and-medium tip branch group, do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, and fruit bearing shoot is cultivated as permanent fruit bearing shoot then, all fruit bearing shoot and manually bondage of vegetative shoot on short-and-medium tip branch group; Remove the whole rudiments on non-short-and-medium tip branch group, on the short-and-medium tip branch group vertical growth and obliquely the growth the reservation young sprout, when short-and-medium tip branch group young sprout semi-lignified, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip.More save artificial, wire rod, facilitate that mechanization is pruned, natural slow growth gesture, branch development is good, and fruit quality is good, and yielding ability, yield stability are good, easy to utilize.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Realize by means of the lifting-line that arranges between the support column that arranges in the vineyard and support column, it is characterized in that carrying out according to following step:
1) young sprout of selecting and remain after the grape seedlings shoot growth draws and ties up on up-and-down rod, cultivate as trunk, make the trunk vertical growth, when trunk grow surpasses lifting-line, with trunk pinching without offspring, the pinching mouth top sublateral shoot of selecting and remain is climingly cultivated along the lifting-line direction as main, main climing being strapped on lifting-line;
2) in the short-and-medium tip branch group of the staggered cultivation in main climing both sides;
3) fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot are cultivated in the rudiment on short-and-medium tip branch group, do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, and fruit bearing shoot is cultivated as permanent fruit bearing shoot then, all fruit bearing shoot and manually bondage of vegetative shoot on short-and-medium tip branch group;
4) remove whole rudiments on non-short-and-medium tip branch group, vertical growth and the reservation young sprout of growth obliquely on short-and-medium tip branch group; When short-and-medium tip branch group young sprout semi-lignified, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip.
Described master is climing apart from ground 1.5-2 rice.
Described master is climing is 1 to 2.
The tendril that causes branch mutually to be wound around the impact growth on described short-and-medium tip branch group is used the artificial removal.
In operation period, after described fruit-bearing shoot cluster rudiment, decide the tip by 15-25 centimetre of bud picking of sagging young sprout spacing, when sagging local overstocked the causing when covering near ground or when being wound to adjacent lines or between young sprout in the top of young sprout, with this part young sprout removal.
Described trunk draws to tie up to draw every 30-40 centimetre on up-and-down rod to be tied up once.
The mutual spacing of described short-and-medium tip branch group is 25-40 centimetre.
Described short-and-medium tip branch group keeps 4 young sprouts.
Implementation procedure of the present invention is: utilize the characteristic of grape growth, the treelet phase is utilized the strong characteristic of young sprout vertical growth apical dominance, accelerates to cultivate trunk and main climing, the short-and-medium tip branch of main climing upper cultivation group.When the young sprout semi-lignified of short-and-medium tip branch group growth, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip, make the young sprout of short-and-medium tip branch group set oblique lower growth operation period age at one-tenth, thereby make apical dominance weaken natural slow growth gesture.The manually bondage of fruit bearing shoot of short-and-medium tip branch group, under the impact of fruit gravity, fruit bearing shoot naturally droops, and is conducive to photosynthetic product and is transported to fruit bearing shoot, and fruit yield is improved, and has reduced the situation that shoot growth shades mutually.Do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, as the bearing basal shoot of next year, the hibernaculum of fruit bearing shoot young sprout base portion grows better because morphologic localization becomes upperly by the next with fruit bearing shoot then, and the fruit quality of bearing the coming year is good, therefore can get bumper crops, stable yields year after year.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect thereof: the present invention has realized reducing labor workload, has reduced built wire rod cost, has reduced and manually manage and protect link and cost in posture viticulture production link; The grapevine knot fruit branch is naturally drooped, the situation that the minimizing shoot growth shades mutually, nutrient and the moisture that trunk is absorbed more easily arrive the grapevine knot fruit branch, make grape fruit best in quality, with fruit bearing shoot then as the bearing basal shoot of next year, the hibernaculum of fruit bearing shoot young sprout base portion grows better because morphologic localization becomes upperly by the next, and the fruit quality of bearing the coming year is good, therefore can get bumper crops year after year, stable yields, the yield and quality of grape all is greatly improved.The present invention possesses following advantage:
1. without bondage vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot, saving is pruned artificial and is tied up the artificial 50-70% of the tip, saves the built wire rod artificial more than 50% with built more than 60%.
2. open a business and be sagging in the backward left and right of the staggered short-and-medium tip branch group shoot growth of cultivating, and avoided the situation of shading each other, and the young sprout tree crown is increased more than 50%, allows fruit volume increase 10-30%.To eugonic grape variety, natural slow growth gesture is more than 50%.
3. the young sprout that naturally droops is shorter, be convenient to that mechanization is pruned and.
4. facilitate the management operations such as field farming.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
The 1st, support column, the 2nd, lifting-line, the 3rd, trunk, the 4th, up-and-down rod, the 5th, main climing, the 6th, short-and-medium tip branch group, the 7th, soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, invention is described further.
Figure one is a kind of embodiment of the high rack grape cultivation method that hangs down, and realizes by means of the lifting-line 2 that arranges between the support column 1 that arranges in the vineyard and support column 1, carries out according to following step:
1) young sprout of selecting and remain after the grape seedlings shoot growth draws and ties up on up-and-down rod, cultivate as trunk 3, make trunk 3 vertical growths, trunk 3 draws to tie up to draw every 30 centimetres on up-and-down rod 4 to be tied up once, when trunk 3 growths surpass lifting-line 2, with trunk 3 pinching without offspring, the pinching mouth top sublateral shoot of selecting and remain is cultivated along lifting-line 2 directions as main climing 5, and main climing 5 are strapped on lifting-line 2, and lifting-line is set to apart from 1.5 meters, ground, main climing 5 apart from 1.5 meters, ground
2) press the short-and-medium tip branch group 6 of the staggered cultivation of grape variety characteristic in main climing 5 both sides, the mutual spacing of short-and-medium tip branch group 6 is 25 centimetres,
3) grape variety characteristic cultivation results branch or vegetative shoot are pressed in the rudiment on short-and-medium tip branch group 6, do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, fruit bearing shoot is cultivated as permanent fruit bearing shoot then, all fruit bearing shoot and manually bondage of vegetative shoot on short-and-medium tip branch group 6, the tendril that causes branch mutually to be wound around the impact growth is used the artificial removal
4) remove whole rudiments on non-short-and-medium tip branch group 6, the upper vertical growth of branch group and the reservation young sprout of growing obliquely when short-and-medium tip branch group 6 semi-lignified, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip, and keep 4 young sprouts,
5) in operation period, after described fruit-bearing shoot cluster rudiment, decide the tip by 15 centimetres of bud pickings of sagging young sprout spacing, when sagging local overstocked the causing when covering near ground or when being wound to adjacent lines or between young sprout in the top of young sprout, with this part young sprout removal.
A kind of another kind of embodiment of high vertical rack grape cultivation method is realized by means of the lifting-line 2 that arranges between the support column 1 that arranges in the vineyard and support column 1, carries out according to following step:
1) young sprout of selecting and remain after the grape seedlings shoot growth draws and ties up on up-and-down rod, cultivate as trunk 3, make trunk 3 vertical growths, trunk 3 draws to tie up to draw every 40 centimetres on up-and-down rod 4 to be tied up once, when trunk 3 growths surpass lifting-line 2, with trunk 3 pinching without offspring, the pinching mouth top sublateral shoot of selecting and remain is cultivated along lifting-line 2 directions as main climing 5, lifting-line is set to apart from 2 meters, ground, and main climing 5 apart from 2 meters, ground
2) press the short-and-medium tip branch group 6 of the staggered cultivation of grape variety characteristic in main climing 5 both sides, the mutual spacing of short-and-medium tip branch group 6 is 40 centimetres,
3) grape variety characteristic cultivation results branch or vegetative shoot are pressed in the rudiment on short-and-medium tip branch group 6, do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, fruit bearing shoot is cultivated as permanent fruit bearing shoot then, all fruit bearing shoot and manually bondage of vegetative shoot on short-and-medium tip branch group 6, the tendril that causes branch mutually to be wound around the impact growth is used the artificial removal.4) remove whole rudiments on non-short-and-medium tip branch group 6, the upper vertical growth of branch group and the reservation young sprout of growing obliquely when short-and-medium tip branch group 6 semi-lignified, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip, and keep 4 young sprouts,
5) in operation period, after described fruit-bearing shoot cluster rudiment, decide the tip by 25 centimetres of left and right bud pickings of sagging young sprout spacing, when sagging local overstocked the causing when covering near ground or when being wound to adjacent lines or between young sprout in the top of young sprout, with this part young sprout removal.
Realize by means of the lifting-line 2 that arranges between the support column 1 that arranges in the vineyard and support column 1, carry out according to following step:
1) young sprout of selecting and remain after the grape seedlings shoot growth draws and ties up on up-and-down rod, cultivate as trunk 3, make trunk 3 vertical growths, trunk 3 draws to tie up to draw every 35 centimetres on up-and-down rod 4 to be tied up once, when trunk 3 growths surpass lifting-line 2, with trunk 3 pinching without offspring, the pinching mouth top sublateral shoot of selecting and remain is cultivated along lifting-line 2 directions as main climing 5, lifting-line is set to apart from 1.75 meters, ground, and main climing 5 apart from 1.75 meters, ground
2) press the short-and-medium tip branch group 6 of the staggered cultivation of grape variety characteristic in main climing 5 both sides, the mutual spacing of short-and-medium tip branch group 6 is 32.5 centimetres,
3) grape variety characteristic cultivation results branch or vegetative shoot are pressed in the rudiment on short-and-medium tip branch group 6, do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, fruit bearing shoot is cultivated as permanent fruit bearing shoot then, all fruit bearing shoot and manually bondage of vegetative shoot on short-and-medium tip branch group 6, the tendril that causes branch mutually to be wound around the impact growth is used the artificial removal.4) remove whole rudiments on non-short-and-medium tip branch group 6, the upper vertical growth of branch group and the reservation young sprout of growing obliquely when short-and-medium tip branch group 6 semi-lignified, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip, and keep 4 young sprouts,
5) in operation period, after described fruit-bearing shoot cluster rudiment, decide the tip by 20 centimetres of bud pickings of sagging young sprout spacing, when sagging local overstocked the causing when covering near ground or when being wound to adjacent lines or between young sprout in the top of young sprout, with this part young sprout removal.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. one kind high vertical rack grape cultivation method, realize by means of the lifting-line (2) that arranges between the support column that arranges in the vineyard (1) and support column (1), it is characterized in that carrying out according to following step:
1) young sprout of selecting and remain after the grape seedlings shoot growth draws and ties up on up-and-down rod, cultivate as trunk (3), make trunk (3) vertical growth, when trunk (3) growth surpasses lifting-line (2), with trunk (3) pinching without offspring, the pinching mouth top sublateral shoot of selecting and remain is cultivated along lifting-line (2) direction as main climing (5), and main climing (5) are strapped on lifting-line (2);
2) the staggered short-and-medium tip branch group (6) of cultivating in the both sides of main climing (5);
3) fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot are cultivated in the rudiment on short-and-medium tip branch group (6), do not cultivate specially vegetative shoot and preparation branch, and fruit bearing shoot is cultivated as permanent fruit bearing shoot then, upper all fruit bearing shoot of short-and-medium tip branch group (6) and manually bondage of vegetative shoot;
4) remove whole rudiments on non-short-and-medium tip branch group (6), vertical growth and the reservation young sprout of growth obliquely on short-and-medium tip branch group; When short-and-medium tip branch group (6) young sprout semi-lignified, make its maintenance level or oblique downward growth with manually turning round the tip.
2. the height according to claim 1 rack grape cultivation method that hangs down, it is characterized in that: described master climing (5) is apart from ground 1.5-2 rice.
3. the height according to claim 1 rack grape cultivation method that hangs down, it is characterized in that: described master climing (5) is 1 to 2.
4. the vertical rack grape cultivation method of according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described height, is characterized in that: cause branch mutually to be wound around the tendril that affects growth on described short-and-medium tip branch group (6) and use the artificial removal.
5. the according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described height rack grape cultivation method that hangs down, it is characterized in that: in operation period, after described fruit-bearing shoot cluster rudiment, decide the tip by 15-25 centimetre of bud picking of sagging young sprout spacing, when sagging local overstocked the causing when covering near ground or when being wound to adjacent lines or between young sprout in the top of young sprout, this part young sprout is removed.
6. the according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described height rack grape cultivation method that hangs down is characterized in that: described trunk (3) draws to be tied up upper drawing every 30-40 centimetre of up-and-down rod (4) and ties up once.
7. the according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described height rack grape cultivation method that hangs down, it is characterized in that: the mutual spacing of described short-and-medium tip branch group (6) is 25-40 centimetre.
8. the vertical rack grape cultivation method of according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described height, is characterized in that: 4 young sprouts of described short-and-medium tip branch group (6) reservation.
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| CN102823474A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2012-12-19 | 中法合营王朝葡萄酿酒有限公司 | Pruning manner for cabernet gernischt grape variety |
| CN103120111B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-12-10 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method suitable for northern grape horizontal connected trellis cultivation |
| CN103392554B (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Balanced shaping and pruning method for grapevine |
| CN103518585B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-15 | 陈迷 | Field management method for increasing production of grapes |
| CN104160911B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-04-27 | 三都水族自治县葡萄研究所 | Crystal grape hillside fields TU shape pruning technique |
| CN104303941A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-01-28 | 赵兰 | Planting method for promoting grape vine tree body and blossom buds to grow quickly |
| CN104885864B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-04-05 | 云南利农现代农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae is flat to hang cultural method |
| CN108293576B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-11-13 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for promoting rapid shaping of high-corridor grapes |
| CN108684431A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 宁夏华昊葡萄酒有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of vinifera |
| CN109729910B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2021-06-25 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | Method for quickly culturing horizontal long main vines of grapes in northern soil-buried culture area |
| CN109983980B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-04-02 | 上海马陆葡萄公园有限公司 | T-shaped grapevine shape and forming method thereof |
| CN111264270A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wide-row close planting cultivation tree form suitable for dry land apple orchard and cultivation method |
| CN111642320B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-11-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for cultivating grapes in rotation mode |
| CN115836629A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-24 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Cultivation method of wine grapes suitable for high light and high temperature |
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| JP3335326B2 (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2002-10-15 | 幸雄 岩本 | Viticulture on the roof |
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| CN1203017A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | 纪俭 | Method for culturing new variety of high-grade, high-yield and polycarlic grape |
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